JP3785504B2 - Manufacturing method of lightweight air permeable plate - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of lightweight air permeable plate Download PDF

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JP3785504B2
JP3785504B2 JP35169995A JP35169995A JP3785504B2 JP 3785504 B2 JP3785504 B2 JP 3785504B2 JP 35169995 A JP35169995 A JP 35169995A JP 35169995 A JP35169995 A JP 35169995A JP 3785504 B2 JP3785504 B2 JP 3785504B2
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weight
permeable plate
lightweight
air
parts
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JPH09165280A (en
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光雄 皆川
治 皆川
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株式会社リボール
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/08Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00267Materials permeable to vapours or gases

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は建造物に使用する外壁材、床材、天井材、屋根材、吸音材、タイル用基材、透水性舗装材等の建築・土木用部材、その他フィルター、散気板等に使用される軽量透気板の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、軽量透気板の製造方法には次の様なものがあった。天然鉱物の骨剤にポルトランドセメント等の結合材を添加しこれに無機あるいは有機系発泡剤を加えて混練成形し養生硬化させた軽量発泡コンクリートが知られている。
【0003】
又、セラミック粉体とバインダーを含むスラリーに多孔化剤又は発泡剤を添加し、このスラリーを成形焼成した発泡セラミック成形板。又無機質微細発泡体やセラミックの破片等をバインダーによって結合したセラミック多孔成形板などが広く用いられている。
【0004】
しかるに軽量発泡コンクリートは物性とくに強度、気孔形成の均一性などに難があり、多孔化剤を用いる方法は高気孔率かつ高気孔径を有する軽量透気板を作るために多量の多孔化剤を用いねばならず、この多孔化剤がスラリー中に分散して焼成時に飛散し軽量透気板を損傷するため品質の安定が困難である。
【0005】
発泡剤を用いる方法は規則性のある微細中空洞を設計通り形成することが困難である。無機質微細発泡体やセラミック破片、あるいは焼却灰等をバインダーによって結合し焼成硬化させたものは無機質微細発泡体やセラミック破片等の形状が不定形であり、これらの表面が滑らかでないためバインダーの吸収が大きくなり品質の安定性に劣り良質の軽量透気板の製造は出来なかったのである。
【0006】
以上の様に従来の軽量透気板の製造方法はセラミック成形板内部に微細な空洞のあるもの、あるいは微細発泡体の周囲が単にバインダー等で固結されているものであり、このため軽量透気板には空気が貫通することができないものか又は散気板、フィルターを目的としたものでは逆に空気の流通孔が大きなものしかなく、このため断熱性は低く火災に対する抵抗力も有していなかったのである。
【0007】
焼成バーミキュライトやシラスバルーンを水ガラス及び水ガラス硬化剤で加圧成形する技術が特公平5−59061にあるが、シラスバルーンは圧縮強度が僅か80kgf/cmしかなくしかも重量の2分の1、容積の3分の1が未発泡物である。このため原料混練時及び加圧成形時でさらにシラスバルーンは破壊し成形体を軽量化することはできない。まして発泡中空粒子同士を点接合し空気の流通するミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔を形成せしめることは不可能である。
【0008】
焼成バーミキュライトはオープンポァの発泡体であるため単に水ガラスで硬めても軽量化できず、発泡中空粒子でないので当然空気を流通するミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔を形成することはできない。
【0009】
又特公平5−59061で使用している水ガラス硬化剤は劇物とされている珪弗化ナトリウムであるため産業上利用することはできないのである。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記したような従来の軽量透気板の製造方法の問題点を解決したもので軽量でしかも強度があり、空気が流通するミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔を有することによって、空気は貫通するが水は貫通せず吸水性能がきわめて高くしかも断熱性能に優れ、火炎に対して裏面の温度上昇がきわめて低い優れた軽量透気板の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題は軽量透気板が無数の完全球体微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子からなり、その微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子の混合物が接合することによって各微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子の混合物間にミクロン単位の毛細管状の空気流通孔を有することにより解決することができるのである。
【0012】
本発明は軽量透気板中に無数のミクロン単位の毛細管状の空気流通孔を保有せしめたもので、高強度のセラミック微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子と融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物及び水からなる組成物を加圧成形し所定時間養生後700〜1300℃で焼成することによって固着したものである。天然砕石粒子は加熱焼成によって表面は溶融するが完全な溶融体とはならず形態を保持しつつ他の天然砕石粒子又はセラミック微細中空粒子と融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物の溶融体によって点接合し表面に優れた装飾模様を形成する。
【0013】
即ち圧縮強度600kgf/cm以上で嵩比重0.3〜0.5g/cm、融点1500℃以上のセラミック微細中空粒子100重量部と天然砕石粒子50〜200重量部と融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物50〜200重量部及び水20〜150重量部組成物を混練し、50〜500kgf/cmの圧力で加圧成形した後1〜10時間養生後700〜1300℃で焼成することを特徴とする。
【0014】
【作用】
本発明に使用したるセラミック微細中空粒子は、従来の微細中空発泡体に比較して特に圧縮強度が高いものであり発泡セラミック成形体製造過程で生ずる高い応力・剪断力に対して耐え得ることができるものである。さらに加圧成形することによって軽量であるにもかかわらず緻密な軽量透気板とすることができるのである。
【0015】
セラミック微細中空粒子あるいは微細中空発泡体の圧縮強度とは耐水圧強度と同意語であり、圧縮強度の測定は、微細中空発泡体を水中で加圧し水に加えられた圧力が微細中空発泡体に伝わり微細中空発泡体が破壊する圧力を圧縮強度とするのである。
【0016】
優れた性能を示すことのできる軽量透気板は、攪拌・混練工程が充分でなければならず、均一な製品で品質の良い軽量透気板には特に重要である。本発明におけるが如き組成物に対して充分な攪拌・混練を行う場合セラミック微細中空粒子に加わる応力及び剪断力は、約400kgf/cm前後になると言われている。従来の微細中空発泡体には、このような高圧に耐え得るものが無かったので、かかる軽量透気板として使用し充分な性能が得られるものは皆無であった。即ち大部分が破壊してしまうからである。
【0017】
次にセラミック微細中空粒子を軽量透気板の製造に使用する場合重要なことは熱伝導率である。微細中空発泡体はその粒径によるが一般に0.1(kcal/mhr℃)前後であり、充填した微細中空発泡体の半分が破壊されたものである場合熱伝導率は大体0.2(kcal/mhr℃)に低下する。破壊されない完全な微細中空発泡体が使用された場合にのみ優れた効果が得られるのである。本発明に使用するセラミック微細中空粒子は従来の微細中空発泡体であるシラスバルーン、ガラスバルーン、シリカバルーン、フライアッシュバルーンなどに比較して格段に圧縮強度が高いものであり、軽量透気板の微細中空粒子は100%完全な球状である。従来の微細中空発泡体の圧縮強度は80〜300kgf/cmである。
【0018】
本発明に使用するセラミック微細中空粒子の融点は1500℃以上である。セラミック微細中空粒子はその材質に起因するのは当然であるが一般的に融点の高いもの程圧縮強度も高くなる。圧縮強度を600kgf/cm以上とするならばその融点は1500℃以上にしなければならないのである。
【0019】
以上により本発明において使用するセラミック微細中空粒子はシリカ50〜60%、アルミナ40〜45%、その他1.5〜2.5%からなるセラミック組成物を発泡生成せしめたものを使用し、その物性は圧縮強度700kgf/cm、融点1600℃、嵩比重0.3〜0.5g/cm、熱伝導率0.1(kcal/mhr℃)で完全な中空粒子のみで構成されている。セラミック微細中空粒子の粒径は、12〜350μmの範囲のものを使用し、細目12〜75μm、中目75〜150μm、荒目150〜350μmとして粒度調整により混合使用する。嵩比重は粒度の細かいものは重く、荒いものは軽くなる。このため嵩比重の範囲は0.3〜0.5g/cmとなる。
【0020】
本発明に使用する天然砕石粒子の天然石は特に限定するものではないが、花崗岩、安山岩、砂岩、粘板岩等を粉砕したもので天然石を切断加工した際に発生する破片、切り落とし片などを粉砕して粒度調整したものが使用できる。粒子の大きさは0.1〜2mmの範囲のものを使用する。
【0021】
セラミック微細中空粒子に天然砕石粒子を加えて、セラミック微細中空粒子による内部の無数の完全気泡の形成で、軽量化を図ることができ、天然砕石粒子の色彩によって天然石風の外観、趣を呈することができるのである。
【0022】
本発明に使用する融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物は融剤として長石、石灰石、炭酸マグネシウム、リン酸石灰、酸化鉛、硼砂、炭酸ソーダ、酸化亜鉛などであり、これらを含む粘土などの天然鉱物とは蛙目粘土、木節粘土、ボールクレー、カオリン、セリサイト、陶石、ロウ石、ベントナイト、珪石、シャモット、マグネサイト、ドロマイト、珪灰石、滑石、骨灰等いずれか1種または2種以上配合して使用する。焼成による硬化によって長期的に安定した硬化体を成形することができるのである。
【0023】
セラミック微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子と融剤を含む粘土等の天然鉱物及び水からなる組成物を混練し加圧成形後所定時間養生して700〜1300℃で焼成することによって天然砕石粒子を表面あるいは部分的に溶融させると共に融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物の硬化部を水に不溶性の安定した溶融体とし、さらに軽量透気板中に無数の微少気泡による空洞を形成せしめることができる。
【0024】
天然砕石粒子はセラミック微細中空粒子100重量部に対して50〜200重量部加える。50重量部以下では表面の天然石風模様を充分表現することができず、200重量部以上では軽量化が図れなくなり、セラミック微細中空粒子の点接合以外の部分に無数の毛細管状の空気流通孔を存在せしめることができなくなる。
【0025】
融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物はセラミック微細中空粒子100重量部に対して50〜200重量部加える。融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物溶融体を成形し長期の安定した硬化体を形成せしめるためには50重量部では充分な硬化が発揮できず、200重量部以上ではセラミック微細中空粒子の点接合以外の部分に無数の毛細管状の空気流通孔を存在せしめることができなくなる。
【0026】
水は組成物の流動性を高め作業性、成形性を向上させる。組成物の性状向上及び軽量透気板の物性向上を図るため以上の他に分散剤、増粘剤、抗菌・抗かび剤、安定剤、その他の混和剤、無機質体質顔料などを添加してもよい。
【0027】
軽量透気板の製造は所定形状の型枠に組成物を打設しプレス等により加圧成形するか、コンベア上に組成物を供給しロールによる加圧を行ない、連続的に成形することも可能である。加圧成形後1〜10時間養生した後700〜1300℃の温度で焼成する。
【0028】
軽量透気板は、強度の高いセラミック微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子の混合物が接合し、この部分が融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物の溶融体で固着されているためきわめて軽量で、その比重は0.7〜1.2(g/cm)である。又成形時に50〜500kgf/cmで加圧するため軽量透気板は緻密になり強度も高くなる。
【0029】
強度の高いセラミック微細中空粒子は、軽量透気板中に完全に中空体の形で存在することができるため、セラミック微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子の混合物が点接合により固着することによって点接合以外の部分に無数の毛細管状の空気流通孔が存在することを見出したのである。
【0030】
この無数の網の目状に張りめぐらされた毛細管状の空気流通孔によって僅か1kgf/cm程度の低い空気圧でも空気は発泡セラミック成形板の表面から流れる。すなわち表面からの空気は発泡セラミック成形板の裏面のみならず発泡セラミック板の四周に迄流れる。特に高熱空気の場合は表面から大部分が上方に流れ発泡セラミック成形板の上端から放散する。
【0031】
このため本発明になる軽量透気板表面に火炎がかかっても火炎による高熱の空気は、軽量透気板全体に均等に流れ、裏面温度の上昇は少なく軽量透気形板全体が放熱板として作用するのである。
【0032】
軽量透気板を水平に置きその表面に水を滴下した場合、滴下された水は即座に吸収することができる。即ち軽量透気板中に網の目の如く張りめぐらされた毛細管状の空気流通孔内に滴下された水はただちに流れ吸収されるのである。そしてこの吸収された水は水平方向に流れ次第に下方に向かって流れるため裏面に直ちに貫通することはない。水は軽量透気形板の毛細管状空気流通孔に流れる。吸水量は多く吸水性、透湿性が非常に高い。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下本発明の実施例について詳述するが本発明はその要旨を越えない限り実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0034】
実施例 圧縮強度700kgf/cmで嵩比重0.3〜0.5g/cm、融点1600℃、熱伝導率0.1(kcal/mhr℃)で完全な中空粒子のみで構成されているセラミック微細中空粒子100重量部と天然砕石粒子100重量部、融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物100重量部、水55重量部に混和剤として分散剤、安定剤等を各1.2重量部を加えた組成物を充分攪拌・混練した後型枠に打設して板状とし300kgf/cmの圧力で加圧成形した。加圧成形後常温で2時間養生した後1200℃で30分焼成し軽量透気板を作製した。
【0035】
軽量透気板の寸法は500×500×30mmである。セラミック微細中空粒子は細目6重量部、中目59重量部、荒目35重量部に粒度調整したものを使用した。天然砕石粒子は花崗岩と安山岩を粉砕した天然砕石粒子を各50重量部ずつ混合したもので、粒子の径は0.1〜2.0mmの範囲である。又融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物は、ボールクレー100重量部に長石および硼砂を各7.5重量部ずつ添加した組成物を使用した。
【0036】
比較例1 実施例で使用したセラミック微細中空粒子の代りにシラスバルーン(S社製)を用いた。他は実施例と同じである。
【0037】
比較例2 実施例で使用したセラミック微細中空粒子の代りにガラスバルーン(A社製)を用いた。他は実施例と同じである。
【0038】
実施例及び比較例1及び2の各種物性比較を表1にまとめた。作製した各供試体はいずれも500×500×30mmである。本発明になる軽量透気板の比重はセラミック微細中空粒子の破壊が全くないため0.95でありきわめて軽量である。シラスバルーンはもともと完全中空発泡体が重量で3分の1、容積で2分の1でありその上攪拌・混練及び加圧成形によって大部分破壊したため比重は1.38と非常に重くなる。ガラスバルーンも約60%前後破壊したため重くなったと言える。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0003785504
【0040】
圧縮強度は実施例が最も強く、比較例はバルーンの破壊により硬化組成分による結合が完全に行なわれず充分な強度を発現することができていない。軽量透気板表面から裏面に向けて空気圧1kgf/cmで空気を当てた場合表面から裏面へ空気が透過するかどうかを試験した結果、透過したのは実施例のみであり、比較例はバルーンの破壊によって内部にミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔が生成されず空気が透過することができなかった。
【0041】
各供試体の吸水率および表面から裏面への水の透過性試験結果を対重量比で示した。実施例は軽量透気板重量の98%迄吸水し97%吸水時に表面からの水が裏面に滲み出ることを示している。比較例はいずれも成形体中にミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔が生成されておらず発泡体として不完全なものであるため水の透過性は不可であった。
【0042】
各供試体にガスバーナーの火炎先端を当てて裏面の温度を測定した。ガスバーナーの先端は約1200℃で火炎照射時間は10分である。実施例の場合火炎により上昇した空気は軽量透気板全体に広がり裏面の温度上昇はきわめて低い。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた如く本発明に係る軽量透気板の製造方法は、高強度のセラミック微細中空粒子と天然砕石粒子を使用することによって軽量にしてしかも強度が高く空気を流通するミクロン単位の微細な毛細管状の空気流通孔が網の目の如くに張りめぐらされる。軽量透気板は空気は貫通するが水は貫通せず吸水性能がきわめて高く、吸水した水は外部に滲み出ることはなく自然に蒸発散する。このため軽量透気板を水平に置いて表面から水を滴下しても裏面から軽量透気板の飽和吸水量迄垂れ落ちることはない。又断熱性能に優れ火炎に対して裏面の温度上昇がきわめて低い優れた軽量透気板でありその表面は天然砕石粒子による優れた色彩を形成し各種建築部材はもとよりフィルター、散気板等にも好適に使用できるものである。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention is used for building and civil engineering members such as exterior wall materials, floor materials, ceiling materials, roof materials, sound absorbing materials, tile base materials, and water-permeable pavement materials used in buildings, as well as filters and diffusers. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lightweight air permeable plate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there have been the following methods for manufacturing a lightweight air permeable plate. Lightweight foamed concrete is known in which a binder such as Portland cement is added to a natural mineral bone, an inorganic or organic foaming agent is added thereto, and then kneaded and cured and cured.
[0003]
A foamed ceramic molded plate obtained by adding a porosifying agent or a foaming agent to a slurry containing ceramic powder and a binder, and molding and firing the slurry. In addition, ceramic porous molded plates in which inorganic fine foams and ceramic fragments are bonded with a binder are widely used.
[0004]
However, lightweight foamed concrete has difficulty in physical properties, particularly strength and uniformity of pore formation, and the method using a porous agent requires a large amount of porous agent to produce a lightweight air-permeable plate having a high porosity and a high pore diameter. This porogen is dispersed in the slurry and scattered during firing and damages the lightweight air permeable plate, making it difficult to stabilize the quality.
[0005]
In the method using a foaming agent, it is difficult to form regular fine cavities as designed. Inorganic fine foam, ceramic fragments, or incinerated ash, etc. combined with a binder and baked and hardened, the shape of the inorganic fine foam, ceramic fragments, etc. is irregular, and the surface is not smooth, so the binder is absorbed. It was large and inferior in stability of quality, and it was not possible to manufacture a light-weight air-permeable board of good quality.
[0006]
As described above, the conventional method for manufacturing a lightweight air permeable plate is one in which a fine cavity is formed inside the ceramic molded plate, or the periphery of the fine foam is simply consolidated with a binder or the like. The air plate cannot be penetrated, or the air diffuser plate and the filter are intended to have only a large air circulation hole. Therefore, the heat insulating property is low and the air is also resistant to fire. There was no.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-59061 discloses a technique for pressure-molding sintered vermiculite and shirasu balloon with water glass and a water glass hardener, but shirasu balloon has only a compressive strength of 80 kgf / cm 2 and is half the weight. One third of the volume is unfoamed. For this reason, at the time of raw material kneading and pressure molding, the shirasu balloon is further broken and the molded body cannot be reduced in weight. Moreover, it is impossible to form fine capillary air flow holes in the micron unit through which the hollow hollow particles are spot-joined and air flows.
[0008]
Since calcined vermiculite is an open-pore foam, it cannot be reduced in weight even if it is hardened with water glass, and since it is not a foamed hollow particle, it cannot naturally form fine capillary air flow holes in units of microns.
[0009]
Further, the water glass curing agent used in JP-B-5-59061 cannot be used industrially because it is sodium silicofluoride which is regarded as a deleterious substance.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the problems of the conventional method of manufacturing a lightweight air permeable plate as described above, is lightweight and strong, and has micron-sized fine capillary air flow holes through which air flows. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an excellent lightweight air permeable plate that penetrates air but does not penetrate water and has extremely high water absorption performance and excellent heat insulation performance, and extremely low temperature rise on the back side against a flame. .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-mentioned problem is that the lightweight air-permeable plate is composed of countless perfect spherical fine hollow particles and natural crushed stone particles, and the mixture of the fine hollow particles and natural crushed stone particles joins each mixture of the fine hollow particles and natural crushed stone particles. This problem can be solved by having a micron-sized capillary air flow hole.
[0012]
The present invention is a lightweight air-permeable plate having countless micron-sized capillary air flow holes, natural minerals such as clay containing high-strength ceramic fine hollow particles, natural crushed stone particles, and flux, and water. It is fixed by press-molding a composition comprising, and curing at a temperature of 700 to 1300 ° C. after curing for a predetermined time. The natural crushed stone particles melt on the surface by heating and firing, but do not become a complete melt but retain their form, and the natural crushed particles are melted by a natural mineral melt such as clay containing ceramic fine hollow particles and a flux. Bonds to form an excellent decorative pattern on the surface.
[0013]
That is, a clay containing 100 parts by weight of ceramic fine hollow particles having a compressive strength of 600 kgf / cm 2 or more, a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 and a melting point of 1500 ° C. or more, 50 to 200 parts by weight of natural crushed particles, and a flux. 50 to 200 parts by weight of a natural mineral and 20 to 150 parts by weight of water are kneaded, pressed at a pressure of 50 to 500 kgf / cm 2 , cured for 1 to 10 hours, and then fired at 700 to 1300 ° C. Features.
[0014]
[Action]
The ceramic fine hollow particles used in the present invention have a particularly high compressive strength as compared with conventional fine hollow foams, and can withstand high stress and shear force generated in the process of producing a foamed ceramic molded body. It can be done. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain a dense lightweight air permeable plate despite being lightweight by performing pressure molding.
[0015]
The compressive strength of ceramic fine hollow particles or fine hollow foam is synonymous with water pressure resistance, and the measurement of compressive strength is performed by applying pressure to the fine hollow foam by pressurizing the fine hollow foam in water. The pressure at which the fine hollow foam is transmitted and breaks is defined as the compressive strength.
[0016]
A lightweight air permeable plate capable of exhibiting excellent performance must have sufficient stirring and kneading processes, and is particularly important for a lightweight product with uniform quality and good quality. When sufficient stirring and kneading is performed on the composition as in the present invention, the stress and shear force applied to the ceramic fine hollow particles are said to be about 400 kgf / cm 2 . None of the conventional fine hollow foams can withstand such a high pressure, so that none of them can be used as a lightweight air-permeable plate to obtain sufficient performance. That is because most of them are destroyed.
[0017]
Next, when ceramic fine hollow particles are used for the production of a lightweight air-permeable plate, the important thing is thermal conductivity. The fine hollow foam is generally around 0.1 (kcal / mhr ° C.) depending on the particle size, and when the half of the filled fine hollow foam is broken, the thermal conductivity is about 0.2 (kcal / Mhr ° C.). An excellent effect is obtained only when a completely fine hollow foam that is not destroyed is used. The ceramic fine hollow particles used in the present invention have much higher compressive strength than conventional fine hollow foams such as shirasu balloon, glass balloon, silica balloon, fly ash balloon, etc. Fine hollow particles are 100% perfectly spherical. The compressive strength of the conventional fine hollow foam is 80 to 300 kgf / cm 2 .
[0018]
The melting point of the ceramic fine hollow particles used in the present invention is 1500 ° C. or higher. The ceramic fine hollow particles are naturally caused by the material, but generally the higher the melting point, the higher the compressive strength. If the compressive strength is 600 kgf / cm 2 or higher, the melting point must be 1500 ° C. or higher.
[0019]
As described above, the ceramic fine hollow particles used in the present invention are those obtained by foaming a ceramic composition comprising 50 to 60% silica, 40 to 45% alumina, and 1.5 to 2.5%. Has a compressive strength of 700 kgf / cm 2 , a melting point of 1600 ° C., a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 , and a thermal conductivity of 0.1 (kcal / mhr ° C.), and is composed only of complete hollow particles. Ceramic fine hollow particles having a particle size in the range of 12 to 350 μm are used, and are mixed and used by adjusting the particle size as fine particles of 12 to 75 μm, medium particles of 75 to 150 μm, and coarse particles of 150 to 350 μm. The bulk specific gravity is heavy for fine particles and light for rough ones. For this reason, the range of the bulk specific gravity is 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 .
[0020]
The natural stone of the natural crushed stone particles used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but pulverized fragments such as granite, andesite, sandstone, slate, etc. What adjusted the particle size can be used. The particle size is in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm.
[0021]
By adding natural crushed stone particles to ceramic fine hollow particles and forming innumerable complete bubbles inside the ceramic fine hollow particles, the weight can be reduced, and the appearance and taste of natural stone style are exhibited by the color of natural crushed stone particles Can do it.
[0022]
Natural minerals such as clay containing a flux used in the present invention are feldspar, limestone, magnesium carbonate, lime phosphate, lead oxide, borax, sodium carbonate, zinc oxide and the like as natural flux. Minerals are glazed clay, Kibushi clay, ball clay, kaolin, sericite, porcelain stone, rholite, bentonite, quartzite, chamotte, magnesite, dolomite, wollastonite, talc, bone ash, etc. Mix and use above. A cured product that is stable over a long period of time can be formed by curing by firing.
[0023]
A composition comprising a ceramic fine hollow particle, a natural crushed stone particle and a natural mineral such as clay containing a flux and water, kneaded, cured after pressing for a predetermined time, and fired at 700 to 1300 ° C. to surface the natural crushed stone particle Alternatively, a hardened portion of a natural mineral such as clay containing a flux that is partially melted can be made into a stable melt that is insoluble in water, and furthermore, cavities can be formed by countless microbubbles in a lightweight air-permeable plate.
[0024]
The natural crushed stone particles are added in an amount of 50 to 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ceramic fine hollow particles. If it is 50 parts by weight or less, the natural stone-like pattern on the surface cannot be sufficiently expressed, and if it is 200 parts by weight or more, it is impossible to reduce the weight, and countless capillary tubular air flow holes are provided in portions other than the point joint of the ceramic fine hollow particles. It can no longer exist.
[0025]
A natural mineral such as clay containing a flux is added in an amount of 50 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of ceramic fine hollow particles. In order to form a natural mineral melt such as clay containing a flux to form a long-term stable cured product, sufficient curing cannot be achieved at 50 parts by weight, and spot joining of ceramic fine hollow particles at 200 parts by weight or more. Innumerable capillary air flow holes cannot be present in other portions.
[0026]
Water increases the fluidity of the composition and improves workability and moldability. In order to improve the properties of the composition and the properties of the lightweight air-permeable board, other than the above, dispersants, thickeners, antibacterial / antifungal agents, stabilizers, other admixtures, inorganic extender pigments, etc. may be added. Good.
[0027]
The lightweight air-permeable plate can be produced by placing the composition in a mold with a predetermined shape and press-molding it with a press or the like, or by feeding the composition onto a conveyor and pressurizing with a roll, Is possible. After pressing for 1 to 10 hours, firing is performed at a temperature of 700 to 1300 ° C.
[0028]
The lightweight air-permeable plate is very lightweight because a mixture of high-strength ceramic fine hollow particles and natural crushed stone particles are joined together and fixed with a melt of natural minerals such as clay containing a flux. Is 0.7 to 1.2 (g / cm 3 ). Moreover, since it pressurizes with 50-500 kgf / cm < 2 > at the time of shaping | molding, a lightweight air permeable board will become dense and intensity | strength will become high.
[0029]
High-strength ceramic fine hollow particles can exist in the form of a hollow body completely in a lightweight air-permeable plate, so that a mixture of ceramic fine hollow particles and natural crushed stone particles is fixed by point joining. It has been found that there are innumerable capillary air flow holes in this part.
[0030]
Air flows from the surface of the foamed ceramic molded plate even at a low air pressure of only about 1 kgf / cm 2 by the capillary air circulation holes stretched in innumerable meshes. That is, the air from the surface flows not only to the back surface of the foam ceramic molded plate but also to the four circumferences of the foam ceramic plate. In particular, in the case of hot air, most of it flows upward from the surface and diffuses from the upper end of the foamed ceramic molded plate.
[0031]
For this reason, even if a flame is applied to the surface of the lightweight air permeable plate according to the present invention, high-temperature air from the flame flows evenly over the entire lightweight air permeable plate, and the back surface temperature does not increase so much and the entire lightweight air permeable plate serves as a heat sink. It works.
[0032]
When a lightweight air permeable plate is placed horizontally and water is dropped on the surface, the dropped water can be immediately absorbed. That is, the water dripped into the capillary air circulation hole stretched like a mesh in the lightweight air permeable plate immediately flows and is absorbed. The absorbed water does not immediately penetrate the back surface because it gradually flows downward in the horizontal direction. Water flows into the capillary air flow holes of the lightweight air permeable plate. The water absorption is large and the water absorption and moisture permeability are very high.
[0033]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited to the examples unless it exceeds the gist.
[0034]
Example Ceramic having a compressive strength of 700 kgf / cm 2 , a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 , a melting point of 1600 ° C., and a thermal conductivity of 0.1 (kcal / mhr ° C.) and comprising only complete hollow particles. Add 100 parts by weight of fine hollow particles, 100 parts by weight of natural crushed stone particles, 100 parts by weight of natural minerals such as clay containing flux, and 55 parts by weight of water, 1.2 parts by weight of dispersant, stabilizer, etc. as admixtures. The obtained composition was sufficiently agitated and kneaded and then placed on a mold to form a plate and pressure-molded at a pressure of 300 kgf / cm 2 . After pressure molding, the film was cured at room temperature for 2 hours and then fired at 1200 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a lightweight air permeable plate.
[0035]
The dimension of the lightweight air permeable plate is 500 × 500 × 30 mm. The fine ceramic hollow particles were adjusted in particle size to 6 parts by weight fine, 59 parts by weight medium, and 35 parts by weight coarse. Natural crushed stone particles are obtained by mixing 50 parts by weight of natural crushed stone particles obtained by pulverizing granite and andesite, and the diameter of the particles is in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. A natural mineral such as clay containing a flux was used in which 7.5 parts by weight of feldspar and borax were added to 100 parts by weight of ball clay.
[0036]
Comparative example 1 Shirasu balloon (made by S company) was used instead of the ceramic fine hollow particle used in the Example. Others are the same as the embodiment.
[0037]
Comparative example 2 The glass balloon (made by A company) was used instead of the ceramic fine hollow particle used in the Example. Others are the same as the embodiment.
[0038]
Table 1 summarizes various physical properties of Examples and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Each of the prepared specimens is 500 × 500 × 30 mm. The specific gravity of the lightweight air-permeable plate according to the present invention is 0.95 because the ceramic fine hollow particles are not broken at all. The Shirasu balloon originally has a complete hollow foam of one third by weight and one half by volume, and moreover it was largely destroyed by stirring, kneading and pressure molding, so the specific gravity becomes very heavy at 1.38. It can be said that the glass balloon was heavier because it destroyed about 60%.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003785504
[0040]
In Examples, the compressive strength is the strongest, and in the comparative example, due to the breakage of the balloon, bonding due to the cured composition is not performed completely, and sufficient strength cannot be expressed. When air was applied from the lightweight air permeable plate surface to the back surface at an air pressure of 1 kgf / cm 2 , it was tested whether or not air permeated from the front surface to the back surface. As a result of the breakage of air, fine capillary air flow holes in the micron unit were not generated, and air could not pass therethrough.
[0041]
The water absorption rate of each specimen and the results of the water permeability test from the front surface to the back surface are shown by weight ratio. The examples show that water is absorbed up to 98% of the weight of the lightweight air permeable plate and water from the surface oozes out to the back surface when 97% of water is absorbed. In all of the comparative examples, water permeability was not possible because no fine capillary air flow holes in the micron unit were formed in the molded body and the foam was imperfect.
[0042]
The flame temperature of the gas burner was applied to each specimen and the temperature of the back surface was measured. The tip of the gas burner is about 1200 ° C. and the flame irradiation time is 10 minutes. In the case of the embodiment, the air raised by the flame spreads over the entire lightweight air permeable plate and the temperature rise on the back surface is extremely low.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the method for producing a lightweight air permeable plate according to the present invention uses a high-strength ceramic fine hollow particle and natural crushed stone particles to reduce the weight of the microporous capillaries that are lightweight and have high strength. -Like air circulation holes are stretched like a mesh. The lightweight air permeable plate penetrates air but does not penetrate water and has extremely high water absorption performance. The absorbed water does not ooze out to the outside and spontaneously evaporates. For this reason, even if a lightweight air permeable board is placed horizontally and water is dripped from the surface, it does not drip from the back surface to the saturated water absorption amount of the light air permeable board. In addition, it is an excellent lightweight air permeable plate with excellent heat insulation performance and extremely low temperature rise on the back against the flame, and its surface forms an excellent color due to natural crushed stone particles, as well as various building materials as well as filters, diffuser plates, etc. It can be used suitably.

Claims (1)

圧縮強度600kgf/cm以上、嵩比重0.3〜0.5g/cm、融点1500℃以上のセラミック微細中空粒子を100重量部に天然砕石粒子50〜200重量部、融剤を含む粘土などの天然鉱物50〜200重量部及び水20〜150重量部からなる組成物を加圧成形後700〜1300℃で焼成することを特徴とする軽量透気板の製造方法。Clay with a compressive strength of 600 kgf / cm 2 or more, a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5 g / cm 3 , a ceramic fine hollow particle having a melting point of 1500 ° C. or more in 100 parts by weight, natural crushed stone particles in an amount of 50 to 200 parts by weight, and a flux. A method for producing a lightweight air permeable plate, comprising calcining a composition comprising 50 to 200 parts by weight of a natural mineral and 20 to 150 parts by weight of water at 700 to 1300 ° C. after pressure molding.
JP35169995A 1995-12-18 1995-12-18 Manufacturing method of lightweight air permeable plate Expired - Fee Related JP3785504B2 (en)

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