JP3785092B2 - Method and apparatus for creating map database - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a map database creation method and apparatus that can assign an address name corresponding to each shape while simplifying the input of house frame data and administrative boundary shape data of housing map data.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in house shape data and administrative boundary shape input of house map data, when only the map display on paper or the like is intended, the data has no phase structure. The character string data of the address name does not need to be associated with each shape data, and the operator directly inputs the character string data from the keyboard at the position where the character string is displayed. For this reason, it was not necessary to group and save data for each layer corresponding to the hierarchical level of the administrative address name corresponding to each shape.
[0003]
Furthermore, when producing residential map data for the purpose of advanced use such as geographic information systems, the shape data becomes data having a phase structure from the stage where the operator obtains the shape data using a digitizer. In addition, it is necessary to perform complicated input work in accordance with detailed and strict data acquisition standards, and it is inevitable that the input work efficiency is reduced and the quality of the input data is wrong.
[0004]
In addition, for the assignment of address names corresponding to the closed figured house frame and the shape of the administrative boundary, the operator specifies the target shape on the display and directly inputs from the keyboard, the zip code based on the zip code Only address data in the range that can be specified from the address is automatically input, and address names at hierarchical levels that cannot be specified from the postal code are directly input from the keyboard by the operator.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above-mentioned conventional method for creating a home map database is used, an operator's input work is required when producing a home map database having a phase structure data structure with high utility value used in a geographic information system or the like. There are problems such as a decrease in efficiency and a decrease in productivity due to a huge amount of input work. In addition, since the house frame and administrative boundary shape data and address name character string input work of the house map is a simple operation using nerves, there are many input errors and there is a problem in data quality.
[0006]
A technique for automatically generating a closed figure has also been proposed (for example, the technique described in Japanese Patent No. 770097). However, in this technique, since it is not possible to specify an area in which closed graphic data is to be generated, there is a possibility that an unnecessary closed graphic is generated from the viewpoint of attribute assignment.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to enable use of graphic data in a geographic information system or the like while simplifying input work of shape data of a house frame and administrative boundaries. And providing a method and apparatus for creating a map database that can specify an address name or a resident name for each shape.
[0008]
[Means for solving the problems and their functions and effects]
In order to solve at least a part of the above problems, the present invention provides:
A method for creating a map database,
(A) inputting shape data;
(B) a step of generating a polygon from the input shape data by closed graphic processing,
The step (b)
(B1) designating a shape representative point in the shape to be closed;
And (b2) a step of performing a closed figure forming process of a shape including the representative point.
[0009]
The shape data can be the shape data of the administrative boundary or the house frame.
Step (b)
(B) Each of the input shape data and address name data is stored in a corresponding layer file, and a polygon is generated from the shape data by closed graphic processing for each shape data. It is good also as a step to do.
[0010]
Also,
(B) The input shape data is stored in a layer file in which address name data is recorded in a hierarchical structure while corresponding to the corresponding hierarchical level, and from the shape data, each shape data is stored. In addition, a polygon may be generated by a closed graphic processing.
[0011]
In the creation method of the present invention, the closed graphic processing is, for example, a method in which a straight line is extended from a shape representative point and a polygon is generated by line segment tracking starting from an intersection with a line segment existing in the shape data. be able to.
[0012]
In the creation method of the present invention, when the shape representative point is inside the polygon, it is preferable to associate the name in the vicinity of the shape representative point with the polygon.
[0013]
The present invention can also be configured as a map database creation device.
[0014]
In order to solve the above problems, a map database creation method according to the present invention includes a step of inputting shape data having no topological structure of an administrative boundary or a house frame, and each of the input shape data includes address name data. A layer file recorded in a hierarchical structure is saved while corresponding to the corresponding hierarchical level, and a topologically structured polygon is generated for each shape data from the shape data by a closed graphic processing. And associating the generated polygon with address name data at a corresponding hierarchical level in the layer file.
[0015]
The map database creation method according to the present invention includes a step of inputting shape data not having a topological structure of an administrative boundary or a house frame, and address name data is recorded in a hierarchical structure for each of the input shape data. The layer file is stored while corresponding to the corresponding hierarchical level, and a topologically structured polygon is generated for each shape data from the shape data by closed graphic processing, and Linking the generated polygons with the corresponding hierarchical level address name data in the layer file, based on the inclusion relationship between each hierarchy in the administrative world, it corresponds to each polygon Start with linking with the address name data of the hierarchy level one level higher than the hierarchy level, and sequentially with the address name data of the higher hierarchy level Give to go step, is intended to include.
[0016]
Further, the map database creation method according to the present invention includes a step of inputting shape data not having a topological structure of an administrative boundary or a house frame, and address name data and resident name data are hierarchized for each of the input shape data. A layer file recorded in a structure is stored while corresponding to the corresponding hierarchical level, and a topologically structured polygon is generated for each shape data from the shape data by a closed graphic processing. A step of associating the generated polygon with address name data or resident name data of a corresponding hierarchical level in the layer file, and an inclusion relationship between each hierarchy of administrative boundaries and house frames Based on the above-mentioned administrative boundaries or the polygons of each house frame, the address name data of the hierarchical level one level higher than the corresponding hierarchical level And sequentially linking with address name data of a higher hierarchical level, thereby associating each of the shape data with a list of address names and resident names. It can be created.
[0017]
Furthermore, a map database creation device for a house map according to the present invention is a shape data input means for inputting shape data not having a topological structure of an administrative boundary or a house frame, and each of the input shape data is address name data. And shape data storage means for storing the resident name data in a layer file in which the resident name data is recorded in a hierarchical structure, corresponding to the corresponding hierarchical level, from the above shape data, each shape data is subjected to closed graphic processing A polygon generating means for generating a phase-structured polygon; a first link for linking the generated polygon with address name data or resident name data at a corresponding hierarchical level in the layer file It corresponds to the polygon of each administrative boundary or each house frame based on the means and the inclusion relation between each hierarchy of the administrative boundary and the house frame. A second linking means that starts with linking with the address name data of the hierarchical level one level higher than the hierarchical level and sequentially links with the address name data of the higher hierarchical level. A list of address names and resident names can be created in association with each shape data.
[0018]
In the method and apparatus for creating map data according to the present invention, when inputting shape data of a house frame or an administrative boundary, an operator can simply display a shape data on a display (data having no phase structure). ). The input shape data is stored in correspondence with the level to which the shape data belongs in the hierarchical layer file of the address name or resident name. On the other hand, for simple shape data that does not have a phase structure, closed graphic processing is performed based on the designation of shape representative points by the operator. The shape data subjected to the closed graphic processing (data having a phase structure) is stored in the corresponding hierarchical layer file together with the position data of the shape representative point.
[0019]
In the map database creation method and apparatus according to the present invention, first, shape data having no phase structure stored in the hierarchical layer of each address name is phase-structured by closed graphic processing, and then the address name Pay attention to the inclusion relations of the area of the system, specify the hierarchical relation from each small area to large area for each shape, and specify the address name linked to each shape from the lower name to the higher name sequentially. Thus, an address name is automatically assigned for each shape data. In the present invention, the data input operation by the operator can be limited to the input of house frame and administrative shape data (simple data not having a topological structure) and the input of character strings of address names in each hierarchy. And for the input of the address name or resident name of the hierarchy corresponding to each shape data, and the input of the address name of the higher hierarchy, each house paying attention to the inclusion relation of the area between each shape A process of automatically assigning all address names having an inclusion relation to the frame is executed to improve the efficiency and speed of character string input of the address name or resident name for the shape data of each house frame or the like.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1. FIG. Hereinafter, Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, in this embodiment, a method and apparatus for an operator to input shape data of a house frame and an administrative boundary from a base diagram by a digitizer and save them will be described. In the present embodiment, in order to increase the data input work efficiency of the operator, the method of obtaining the line segments constituting the shape employs a method in which each operator has the highest work efficiency, and is saved as a result. The data is spaghetti type data having no phase structure as shown in FIG.
[0021]
On the other hand, a data structure having high utility value in a geographic information system or the like is data (polygon) having a topological structure in which shape data of administrative boundaries or house frames are closed figures, and has a data structure as shown in FIG. ing. The closed graphic data is in a state where the order of the data is continuous from the start point to the end point and can be drawn with a single stroke.
[0022]
In the input of graphic data by the operator in this embodiment, as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to improve the data acquisition work efficiency, two horizontal lines are acquired from left to right and then two vertical lines are acquired. By acquiring the data from the top to the bottom, it is input as shape data that does not have a closed-form phase structure. Even if the shape data is not a closed figure, there is no problem if it is only for graphic display.
[0023]
On the other hand, the Japanese address system has six levels of address names as shown in FIG. A specific example of this address notation system is shown in FIG.
[0024]
In the residential map database created according to the present embodiment, the house frame and administrative boundary shape data, shape representative point data, address name / resident name character string data, and the like are created according to the creation method described later. It is divided into each hierarchy of the system and stored in a structure as shown in FIG.
[0025]
Next, a basic processing flow and contents of each processing according to the present embodiment will be described. (A) Input processing of house frame and administrative boundary shape data. The flowchart of FIG. 6 shows the acquisition processing of the house frame shape data and the administrative boundary shape data. First, the operator obtains data of positions constituting the shape data from the base drawing with a digitizer connected to the computer system (100). That is, the operator inputs shape data as data having no simple topological structure from the base diagram. Next, the operator designates the hierarchical level of the corresponding address name for each of the acquired shape data (101). When this designation is made, the shape data is stored in a layer file corresponding to the hierarchy level (for each hierarchy) (102). The above processing is performed for all shape data (103), and the process is terminated.
[0026]
(B) Shape data closed graphic processing and complete address name automatic assignment processing corresponding to each house frame. FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of actual processing according to this method. First, when the operator designates the highest level of the address system (200), the shape of the designated level is displayed on the display (201). Next, when the operator designates a shape representative point in the displayed shape (202), a closed figure forming process of the shape including the shape representative point from the designated shape representative point is performed (203). ). The tracking of the line segment for the closed figure at this time is shown in FIG. 8 as an example at the city level, FIG. 9 as an example at the chome level, and FIG. 10 as an example at the block level. An example in the case of the frame level is shown in FIG. Note that various methods have already been proposed and implemented for the closed graphic processing itself used in this case.
[0027]
Subsequently, the operator inputs only the address name at the hierarchical level corresponding to the target shape (the shape currently being processed) from the keyboard (204). Then, in the computer system, the new shape representative points and address names are grouped with the already saved shape data in a data file at the corresponding level and saved (205) (see FIG. 5).
[0028]
Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the shape currently being processed is “level 1” which is the highest hierarchical level (206). If the shape is the highest “level 1”, processing is skipped 209. However, if the shape is other than “level 1”, it is linked (associated) with the address name of the upper hierarchical level that includes the shape (207). After that, it is determined whether or not the processing (linking) up to “level 1” which is the highest hierarchy is completed (208), and if it is not completed (when step 208 is NO), the hierarchy level Is increased by one (210), and the same processing is repeated. On the other hand, if step 208 is YES, it is determined whether or not the processing up to the lowest “level 6” house frame has been completed (209). If the processing of the lowest “level 6” is completed, the processing ends. If the processing of the lowest “level 6” is not completed, the hierarchy level is lowered by one rank (211). Return to step 201. FIG. 12 schematically shows the mutual inclusion relationship between the levels of the address system (including the address name and resident name) that is the basis of the above processing.
[0029]
Embodiment 2. FIG. Next, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, a simple data structure that emphasizes economics is obtained at the acquisition / update stage of map data, but after the input, the data is automatically converted into a data structure having high utility value for a geographic information system. In the present embodiment, the following two steps are prepared as a technique for that purpose. In the first step, administrative boundary and house frame polygons (graphic data having a phase structure) are automatically generated from spaghetti shape data acquired for a paper map. In the second step, the automatically generated polygon is automatically edited into a data structure that can refer to the address name (each polygon is linked to the address name), and then the inclusion relation of the polygon is focused. New address book (address list) is automatically generated. That is, in this embodiment, a method of automatically generating map data acquired for a paper map into data having a topological structure with high utility value in a geographic information system, and automatic conversion into a data structure that facilitates retrieval of attribute data The method to do is adopted.
[0030]
1. Overall overview. In the following, two points that form the essence of this method will be described. The first point is a method of automatically generating polygons for administrative boundaries and house frames from spaghetti-shaped shape data that does not have a topological structure (administrative boundaries such as municipalities, towns, villages, large letters, chomes, and districts, and houses). is there. The second point is a technique in which a new address book is automatically generated by paying attention to the inclusion relation of polygons, and the polygons are automatically edited into a data structure that allows indirect position (address) reference.
[0031]
2. Issues for realizing automation. 2.1. Data structure obtained for paper maps. 1) Shape data has a spaghetti type data structure. 2) The shape data is defined by point information and line information (see FIG. 13). 3) The shape data has a layer hierarchical structure (see FIG. 14).
[0032]
2.2. Technical issues. It is necessary to solve the following two technical problems using data acquired for paper maps. 1) Automatic polygon generation and name linking of administrative boundaries and house frames. The map data acquired for the paper map achieves its purpose as long as it does not feel strange as a result of drawing. For this reason, there is no relationship between the line segments constituting the closed figure, and as a result of drawing a disjoint line segment (spaghetti type data), it looks like a closed figure. From this spaghetti-type data, it is necessary to perform an automatic polygon generation process for grouping line segments constituting the closed figure of the administrative boundary and the house frame and clarifying the relationship between the line segments. Furthermore, it is necessary to link the automatically generated polygon and the address name which is attribute information of the polygon.
[0033]
2) An address list is created by automatically assigning addresses based on the inclusion relationship between the administrative community and the house frame. In the map data acquired for the paper map, as shown in FIG. 15, the polygons in each layer are linked only to the address names corresponding to that layer. Therefore, only the name “Taro Zenne” is associated with the house frame polygon. It is necessary to automatically assign an address name “Taro Zenzen next to Nakahara Shinmachi 3-chome, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu City” to this house frame.
[0034]
3. Technical response for automated address assignment. 3.1. Basic policy for problem solving. The following two points were adopted as basic policies for solving the problems. (1) On the premise of data that does not have a phase structure for paper maps, automatic conversion to data having a phase structure with high utility value in GIS (phase structure of spaghetti shape data). (2) Each polygon (administrative border, house frame) is processed as if a hierarchical structure (inclusion relationship) is established, and if the inclusion relationship is not established (administrative boundaries, house frames span multiple administrative boundaries) Special case).
[0035]
3.2. Topological structuring. Administrative boundaries and house frame polygons are automatically generated based on spaghetti shape data that does not have a topological structure. (1) Preprocessing. Map data obtained by a person using a digitizer from a paper base diagram may overshoot or undershoot depending on the accuracy of the digitizer, the skill level of the digitizer operator, and the like. As a countermeasure for this, an end point pull-in process as shown in FIG. 16 is required. In addition, regarding the acquisition of shape data when a river or the like straddles a plurality of administrative boundaries, usually, the work is simplified and no node is generated at the intersection of the river or the like and the administrative boundary. For this reason, there are intersections that do not have nodes, and node generation processing is required in advance, as shown in FIG.
[0036]
(2) Automatic polygon generation and name linking of administrative boundaries and house frames. Automatic generation of polygons for administrative boundaries and house frames and name association to the automatically generated polygons are performed in the following procedure. 1) As shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, a straight line is extended in the Y-axis (vertical axis) direction starting from the shape representative point, and among the line segments existing in each hierarchical layer (each administrative boundary and house frame layer), The intersection point with the line segment that intersects first is set as the starting point of line segment tracking that constitutes the polygon. 2) The line segment is traced clockwise from the starting point of the line segment tracking, and once it returns to the starting point once again, the recognition of the closed figure (polygon) is completed. 3) It is determined whether the shape representative point exists on the inside or outside of the automatically generated polygon, and if it is inside the polygon, the polygon and the name are linked. If it is not inside the polygon, error processing is performed. 4) Perform the above steps 1) to 3) for all polygons.
[0037]
3.3. Automatic address assignment to house frame polygons, paying attention to the inclusion relationship between administrative boundaries and house frames. As shown in FIG. 20, the administrative boundary and the house frame polygon have a hierarchical layer structure. Basically, the child inherits the name of the parent. Therefore, even if only the tenant name, lot number, and house number are linked to the house frame polygon, the block name can be found if the parent of the upper hierarchy is found, and the parent that is higher by one is found. The name of the letter chome is found. In this way, the address name of the upper parent is sequentially found, and the city name is found at the final point, and as a result, the address name for each house frame is determined.
[0038]
3.4. Handling exception handling. (1) An administrative space. Since enclaves are not inclusive of administrative boundaries, hollow polygons that are new shape data types are set (see FIG. 21). The hollow polygon is derived from the polygon type, and manages the coordinates of the outer periphery, the number of hollows, and the hollow coordinates. When creating a polygon by recognizing the closed figure of the administrative boundary, if there is an administrative boundary polygon higher than your level in the own polygon, a hollow polygon is set. (2) A house frame that spans multiple administrative circles. Since it cannot be expressed by the inclusion relation of polygons, the determination is made based on the coordinates of the tenant name or the area where the shape representative point exists (see FIG. 22). Since the address is clear at the stage of the survey, the operator explicitly gives a representative point of the shape based on the information. (3) Residents in the building. The resident of the building takes a link with the house frame as a separate number, and the resident prepares as a separate file (see FIG. 23). It is supported by inheriting the address of the building name defined in the house frame when creating the address book. (4) Support for areas without address names. In the paper map, there is no address name near the picture frame. Since this is an address blank area, a necessary address is searched from an adjacent figure and automatically defined as a non-displayed address character (see FIG. 24).
[0039]
3.5. Reduction of human error. The system of this embodiment is based on the premise that the defined address is defined at the correct position. Therefore, before this processing is performed, logical checks are performed for address name duplication, address name adjacency, and address hierarchy level validity. Suspicious information is highlighted on the screen and is finally judged by the operator to prevent mixing of defective data.
[0040]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the polygons of the administrative world and the house frame are automatically generated from the database for spaghetti paper maps having no topological structure created by an economical and simple data acquisition method. A new address book is automatically generated by paying attention to the inclusion relation of these automatically generated polygons. As a result, the acquisition of map data by the electronic computer system is executed economically and efficiently, and the resident names and address names of residents in any area are output as a list by editing the data with the electronic computer system. It is now possible to automatically generate data with high utility value in geographic information systems. Note that hardware for realizing the present embodiment can be configured by a digitizer, workstation, personal computer, or the like for inputting conventionally known graphic data.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, in the production of the map database, the input of graphic data is limited to the input of shape data having no phase structure with few restrictions on data collection. The processed shape data is subjected to closed graphic processing, and corresponding address names are given to the closed graphic shapes. Therefore, according to the present invention, a map database having topological structure and graphic data such as administrative boundaries to which hierarchical level address names are assigned while minimizing the input work of the map database is provided. It becomes possible to create.
[0042]
Further, in the present invention, in the production of the map database, the graphic data input is limited to the input of shape data having no phase structure with few restrictions on data collection, and the input shape data is closed as a closed graphic. And then assigning corresponding address names to these closed graphic shapes, and then paying attention to the inclusion relationships between the areas that form the basis of the address name system, Hierarchical address names are sequentially associated one after another, and finally a complete address name is automatically assigned. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to simplify and increase the efficiency of graphic data input and address name or resident name data input, which are the most expensive in the production of a map database, greatly increasing the total production cost. Can be reduced. In addition, advanced processing in a geographic information system or the like is achieved by the closed graphic processing of graphic data input as data having no topological structure and the automatic assignment of address data to each closed graphic. It can be edited to become a map database that can be used. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to create a high-value-added map database consistently from data input to completion of editing efficiently and at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of shape data having no phase structure.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of shape data having a phase structure.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a Japanese address display system.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which an address display system is specifically applied.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a map database (stored map data for each hierarchical layer of an address system) according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of input processing of shape data of house frames and administrative boundaries according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of shape data closing processing according to the present embodiment and automatic processing for automatically assigning complete address names corresponding to each house frame.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which line segment tracking for closed graphic processing is applied to a city level for shape data.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example in which line segment tracking for forming a closed figure is applied to the chome level for shape data.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example in which line segment tracking for creating a closed figure is applied to a block level for shape data.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which line segment tracking for closed graphic processing is applied to the house frame level for shape data.
FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically representing an inclusion relationship between levels of an address system.
FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the type and content of shape data for a paper map.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a layer structure of shape data for a paper map.
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of correspondence between administrative boundaries, house frame polygons, and address names;
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining operations of shape data overshoot, undershoot and end point pull-in.
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the generation of intersections of shape data.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an operation of converting a house frame into a polygon.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an operation of creating a polygon in the administrative world.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a layer hierarchy of administrative boundaries and house frames.
FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the correspondence between enclaves and hollow polygons;
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a house frame straddling an administrative boundary.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing other information such as an apartment house.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of an address name undefined area.

Claims (3)

A method of making a MAP database, being executed by a computer,
(A) the computer, the steps of receiving a shape data,
(B) the computer, and a step of generating the shape data or Lapo polygons by performing the closed graphic formulated treatment,
The step (b)
(B1) the computer, the steps of receiving a pre-Symbol closed figure formulated shape representative points specified in to the shape perform,
(B2) the computer, Bei e and performing a closed figure formulated processing shape enclosing the shape Representative point,
The creation method further includes:
(C) the computer receiving name data;
(D) A creation method comprising the step of associating a name in the vicinity of the shape representative point with the polygon when the shape representative point is inside the polygon . A claim 1 Symbol placement creating,
Step Before Symbol step (b2), the computer is pre-Symbol extend straight starting from the shape representative point, that generates the polygon by a line segment tracing starting from the intersection point of the line segment existing in said shape data equipped with a, how to create. A map database creation device,
Shape input means for inputting shape data ;
Name input means for inputting name data;
A polygon generating means for generating the shape data or Lapo polygons by performing the closed graphic formulated treatment,
The polygon generating means
Means for designating shape representative points in the shape to be closed;
E Bei and means for performing closed figure formulated processing shape enclosing the shape Representative point,
The creation device further includes:
A creation apparatus comprising means for associating a name in the vicinity of the shape representative point with the polygon when the shape representative point is inside the polygon .

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