JP3781727B2 - Gear manufacturing method and gear - Google Patents

Description

【００４４】
表１に示すように、本成形材料を用いることにより、好ましい密度、曲げ強さ、曲げヤング強度を備える成形体を得られることがわかった。また、耐油特性の結果から、成形体を油に浸漬した状態でも機能させうることがわかった。
【００４５】
（実施例３）
ブナのプレーナ屑を２００℃で１０分間水蒸気処理し、その後、一気に圧力を開放して爆砕し、繊維化した。その後、天日で気乾含水率まで乾燥させ、ウィレーミルで粉砕し、篩いにかけて５００μｍ以下の大きさの微粉末を回収した。
この微粉末のみを成形材料とした成形用組成物をプレス金型に注入し、荷重２７．７ＭＰａ下、１７０℃で２０分間加圧及び加熱して、３種類の歯車成形体を得た。なお、成形用組成物に対して約２０分間の予熱工程を付与した。各種歯車の形態と耐久試験機の概略をそれぞれ図１及び図２に示す。
大歯車１は、成形用組成物１３０ｇを，上記条件で１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ×９ｍｍのサイズに圧縮成形した後、モジュール２．０、歯数３８となるよう切削加工して作製した。中間歯車２は、成形用組成物１３ｇを、上記条件でモジュール２．０、歯数１８となるように熱圧成形して作製した。他の一つの歯車は、駆動歯車３であり、中間歯車２と同様の条件で成形して作製した。なお、最終歯車４は、ジュラコン（商標、ポリアセタールコポリマー）を歯切りしてモジュール２．０、歯数１８となるように作製した。
【００４６】
図２に示すように、最終歯車４の回転軸にコイルスプリングにより１０Ｎの負荷を与え、モーターにより駆動歯車３に３１６６ｒｐｍの回転をさせ、８時間連続運転して歯車耐久試験を行った。この試験装置においては、大歯車１は、１５００ｒｐｍで両歯面が相手歯車に回転接触し、中間歯車２は、３１６６ｒｐｍで両歯面が相手歯車に回転接触し、駆動歯車３と最終歯車４は、片歯面がそれぞれ動力伝達接触するようになっている。回転前及び回転中に潤滑油は供給しなかった。また、試験における総回転数は、歯車試料１は７２００００回転であり、中間歯車２及び最終歯車４は、それぞれ１５１９６８０回転であった。
本試験では、試験前後の各歯車重量を測定し、耐久試験による重量減少量を算出した。また、大歯車１と駆動歯車４について歯面（歯形）の試験前後の変化をGEARTEC TTi-300E（株式会社東京テクニカル）により測定した。
この耐久試験結果を表２に示す。
【００４７】
【表２】

表２に示すように、試験前後の質量変化からは、本成形材料による歯車がジュラコンと同等あるいはそれ以上の耐久性を備えていることがわかった。また、歯面の変化量もこの結果を支持していた。
これらのことから、本改質材料を用いた成形体を歯車として実用可能であることがわかった。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、リグノセルロース系材料に由来する材料の成形体を用いて歯車などの回転駆動体を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】歯車耐久試験機における歯車構成を示す正面図である。
【図２】歯車耐久試験機の側面図である。１ 大歯車
２ 中間歯車
３ 駆動歯車
４ 最終歯車[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lignocellulosic material and a technology using the material, and more particularly to a rotary drive body using a molding technology of a lignocellulosic modified material that is modified by steam treatment and exhibits plasticity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Effective use of resources, reduction of the use of chemical substances that adversely affect nature and the human body, disposal of hazardous substances and CO ₂ Attempts have been made to use lignocellulosic materials derived from plant resources for the purpose of reducing emissions.
The lignocellulosic material is typically a lignocellulosic material obtained from wood or herbs.
These lignocellulosic materials are typically in the form of fibers or chips, and are used as molding materials for various boards and panels using a thermosetting adhesive as a binder (Patent Document 1). In addition, it is also practiced to obtain a molded article by extrusion molding or the like by adding wood powder or the like into a thermosetting resin material.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese translation of PCT publication No. 2002-528299
[0004]
Some lignocellulosic materials are either discarded or not yet used. For example, scraps of houses and furniture, waste paper such as newspapers and cardboard, industrial waste such as cut grass, fallen leaves, cut branches, thinned wood, and pressed waste such as sugarcane, or agricultural waste. Although some of these lignocellulosic materials are reused for board and panel materials, fermented compost, bedding, and solid fuel, they have useful parts due to processing costs such as crushing and drying. The actual situation is that disposal and incineration are still taking place.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, further utilization of lignocellulosic materials that have been disposed of or incinerated has been demanded from the viewpoint of recycling useful resources and suppressing global warming. However, as described above, discarded or unused lignocellulosic materials have to undergo various processes for reuse from the viewpoints of heterogeneity and high water content. Furthermore, in order to promote recycling, it is desirable that other materials are not included as much as possible.
On the other hand, a technology is known in which a material obtained by steam-treating lignocellulosic material is dried, defibrated, heated and pressed, and a strong board is obtained using the adhesive strength of components generated by steam treatment. ing. However, since the board is a fiber board mainly composed of a fiber as a material form, it is difficult to form the board other than the board. However, in order to secure a wider reuse path, it is necessary to secure a new application other than the board.
Here, the rotational driving bodies such as gears and belt wheels are generally made of metal and limitedly made of resin.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a rotary drive body such as a gear using a lignocellulosic material.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have made various studies on lignocellulose-based modified materials obtained by steam-treating lignocellulosic materials. As a result, it is found that the lignocellulosic material after the treatment can be heated to develop the flow of the material, and further, a molding process applied to general resin molding is performed based on the plasticity due to the flow. Utilizing this, we manufacture rotary drive bodies such as gears, and find that the gears exhibit unexpected characteristics, and rotational drive bodies such as gears molded with this lignocellulosic modified material include polyacetal copolymers. The present invention was completed by finding out that it has the same or better performance as the engineering plastic.
According to the present invention, the following means are provided.
[0008]
(1) A rotary drive,
A rotary driving body mainly composed of a molded body of a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment.
(2) The rotational drive body according to (1), wherein the rotational drive body is a gear.
(3) The rotary drive body according to (2), wherein the meshing portion of the gear is formed by cutting or molding of the lignocellulose-based modified material.
(4) The bending Young's modulus is 10.0 kN / mm ² The rotational driving body according to any one of (1) to (3), which is described above.
(5) The rotational driving body according to any one of (1) to (4), which is driven by a non-lubricating oil or a low lubricating oil.
(6) The rotational drive body according to any one of (1) to (5), which is a gear having a tooth height of 0.5 mm to 16 mm and a number of teeth of 6 or more.
(7) A rotary drive body,
Mainly a molded body of a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by steam treatment of a lignocellulosic material, and the bending Young's modulus of this molded body is 10.0 kN / mm. ² A rotary drive body that is a gear having a tooth height of 0.5 mm to 6 mm and the number of teeth of 6 or more.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a rotary drive body is provided by molding at least a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by steaming a lignocellulosic material.
By subjecting the lignocellulosic material to steam treatment, a cellulose component such as cellulose or hemicellulose contained in the material is subjected to hydrolysis or the like, and a decomposition component is generated. In addition, the lignin component contained in the agent material is also denatured or decomposed to produce a decomposed component. Therefore, the lignocellulose-based modifying material obtained by subjecting the lignocellulosic material to steam treatment contains a cellulose-based decomposition component and a lignin-based decomposition component. Although such a material is not theoretically sufficiently elucidated, at least a part of the material melts and flows by heating and develops plasticity. Moreover, the material once solidified after plasticization by this flow, when heated again, flows and develops plasticity. Therefore, the lignocellulosic material functions as a thermoplastic material that can impart plasticity by heating. At the same time, by heating the composition containing the lignocellulose-based modifying material, the composition can be fluidized to exhibit plasticity.
Therefore, according to these inventions, it is possible to realize circulation utilization of valuable plant-derived resources.
[0010]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the following description, first, the lignocellulose-based modified material of the present invention will be described, and then a method for producing a molded body using the modified material will be described.
[0011]
(Lignocellulose-based modifying material)
The modified material of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present material) can be obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment. In this specification, the “lignocellulosic material” may be any material containing lignin and cellulose. Preferably, it contains in the form of lignocellulose constituting the plant cell wall. Therefore, the lignocellulosic material is preferably all or part of herbs such as various trees, kenaf, corn, sugarcane, hemp, rush, rice and the like. Lignocellulosic materials include household dismantled products, furniture dismantled products, wood chips, thinned wood, rice husks, wood flour, waste paper, pruned branches, cut grass, fallen leaves, sugarcane pressing (bagasse) and other industrial or agricultural waste Includes things. The lignocellulosic material may be constituted not in the form of a complex of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and in the form of containing each separately. In addition, these individual materials may be added to a lignocellulosic material containing a composite form of lignocellulose. Therefore, the lignocellulosic material can also be a lignin-containing fraction obtained as waste in the process of waste paper and pulping of high-quality paper that hardly contains lignin, for example.
[0012]
In the present invention, these lignocellulosic materials can be used singly or in combination of two or more, but from the viewpoint of the homogeneity of the material and the suppression of the strength of processing conditions, they can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable to use a combination of about three kinds.
In performing the steam treatment, it is preferable to use only lignocellulosic materials, but if necessary, materials other than lignocellulose, for example, sugars such as glucose, lignin components, acids, and moisture can be appropriately added. .
[0013]
Depending on the size of the lignocellulosic material to be subjected to the steam treatment, the degree of generation of decomposition components by the steam treatment can be controlled.
The lignocellulosic material is preferably finely divided so that water vapor treatment can be performed uniformly. When subdivided, the time required for each step of steam treatment, drying, and pulverization is shortened. In particular, lignocellulosic materials are easy to handle when they are formed into small pieces or fine powders, specifically, flakes or wafers. The size can be, for example, a size of about 5 cm × 5 cm or less when the thickness is 1 mm or less, and preferably about 2 cm × 2 cm or less when the thickness is 0.5 mm or less. Sawdust and planar scraps can be used as they are.
[0014]
The water content (on a dry basis) of the lignocellulosic material is preferably 120% or less (hereinafter referred to as weight% in terms of water content). If the water content exceeds 120%, the decomposition component produced in the lignocellulosic material by the steam treatment tends to flow out, and an effective amount of the decomposition component is hardly retained in the treated lignocellulosic material. More preferably, it is 8% or more and 100% or less. Within such a range, the entire lignocellulosic material can be steamed uniformly to produce a decomposition component, and at the same time, the outflow of the decomposition component can be effectively suppressed, and a thermoplastic material having preferable fluidity and moldability can be obtained. Obtainable. If it is less than 8%, the exposure with water vapor tends to be non-uniform, and therefore, the generation of decomposition components becomes non-uniform, making it difficult to obtain a thermoplastic material with good fluidity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100%, free water in the lignocellulosic material is likely to be liberated during the steam treatment, and with the liberation of this free water, the decomposition components are liable to flow out of the lignocellulosic material. The thermal fluidity of the material is reduced. More preferably, it is 15% or more and 100% or less. Furthermore, Preferably, they are 30% or more and 100% or less.
The degree of moisture content can be adjusted in the step of drying the lignocellulosic material. Conversely, the moisture content can also be adjusted by applying moisture to the lignocellulosic material from the outside.
[0015]
(Steam treatment)
The steam treatment can be carried out in various forms, but is preferably performed by heating under saturated steam or superheated steam. Specifically, it is performed by exposing the lignocellulosic material to heated steam under high pressure in a pressure vessel.
The steam treatment is preferably performed at about 60 ° C. or higher, and the upper limit is preferably about 260 ° C. or lower. When the temperature is 60 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower, hemicellulose, lignin and the like are decomposed while side reactions such as decomposition condensation can be suppressed. Preferably, it is heated to about 110 ° C. or more and about 230 ° C. or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 150 ° C. or higher and about 230 ° C. or lower. Most preferably, the temperature is about 200 ° C. or higher and about 230 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 220 ° C.
[0016]
The steam treatment may be performed for several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes when the heating temperature is about 110 ° C. or higher and about 230 ° C. or lower. The treatment time is preferably longer when the treatment temperature is low, and can be shorter when the treatment temperature is high. Further, when the lignocellulosic material is large, it is preferable to make it longer, and when the material is small, it can be made shorter.
The lignocellulosic material subdivided into flakes as described above may be processed for several tens of seconds to 10 minutes when the heating temperature is 110 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower. It is preferably about 1 minute to about 5 minutes. Preferably, it is about 2 to 3 minutes. On the other hand, when a lignocellulosic material in a larger state is used, it may be required for 15 minutes or longer.
When the treatment temperature is 200 ° C. or more and 230 ° C. or less, a favorable treatment state can be obtained by heating for about several tens of seconds to 5 minutes. For example, generally available planar scraps (typically strips having a thickness of 1 mm or less and a size of about 5 cm × 5 cm or less, preferably a thickness of 0.5 mm or less and a size of about 2 cm × 2 cm or less) In this case, a preferable treatment state can be obtained in about 2 to 5 minutes.
[0017]
In addition, in order to prevent the molding material manufactured from giving a peculiar smell, it is preferable that the water vapor treatment is performed at a temperature of less than 200 ° C.
[0018]
When the water vapor treatment is terminated, the pressure can be gradually reduced, or the pressure can be released to atmospheric pressure all at once. When the pressure is released to atmospheric pressure all at once, the moisture inside the cellulose-containing material in the processing apparatus is vaporized, causing an explosion in the cellulose-containing material and destroying the structure of the cellulose-containing material. As a result, the cellulose-containing material can be subdivided and pulverized into fibers, powders, etc. (hereinafter, the pressure release from the high pressure state at once is referred to as “explosion”. Relieving the pressure is called steaming / explosion treatment). Usually, when blasting is adopted, steaming and blasting are continuously performed. The concept of steaming / explosive treatment is illustrated in FIG. The explosion process facilitates the subsequent crushing process. In addition, the drying process is efficiently performed.
In addition, when carrying out blasting, it is preferable that the heating temperature in the steam treatment is 180 ° C. or higher and 260 ° C. or lower. More preferably, the temperature is about 200 ° C. or higher and about 230 ° C. or lower.
[0019]
This material can be obtained by such steam treatment. Hydrolyzed or pyrolyzed components are generated in the material, and the decomposed components are held in the tissue or are leached from the tissue to the material surface.
[0020]
(Dry)
It is preferable to dry the material after the steam treatment. When a large amount of moisture is present, when the material is heated and fluidized, the moisture may vaporize and the moldability or fluidity may be impaired. In addition, the decomposition component may move along with the evaporation of moisture and impair flowability and moldability.
[0021]
In general, the drying step is preferably carried out until the moisture content (dry basis) of the material is 28% or less. More preferably, it is dried to a moisture content of 12% or air dry.
[0022]
Although drying can be performed at normal temperature or high temperature, it is preferably actively dried after steam treatment. By evaporating the water at an early stage after the steam treatment, it is possible to suppress the separation of the water-soluble decomposition component together with the water, and to leave a large amount of the decomposition component in the cellulose-containing material.
In addition, active drying means drying, providing the ventilation and / or heat | fever for promoting moisture evaporation. Specifically, the drying is performed at a high temperature equal to or lower than the steaming temperature, or the drying is performed by blowing air at room temperature.
The moisture content can be measured according to JIS Z 2101 wood test method 3.2 moisture content.
[0023]
(Pulverization)
After the steam treatment, pulverization can be performed as necessary. For example, the material can be pulverized so that the particle size of the material is suitable for the intended use of the molding material.
There is no particular limitation on the particle size when the molding composition is used. Even at about 1000 μm, the fluidity at the time of melting can be sufficiently secured. Considering the melt flow for extrusion molding or injection molding, it is preferably about 800 μm or less, more preferably about 200 μm or less, and more preferably 180 μm or less. More preferably, it is about 100 micrometers or less, More preferably, it is about 90 micrometers or less. Moreover, it may be about 45 μm or less.
Regarding the flow, in addition to the particle size, the particle size distribution also affects. Higher fluidity can be obtained with a certain particle size distribution.
The overall preferable range is from about 45 μm to about 180 μm, more preferably from about 45 μm to about 90 μm, and from about 90 μm to about 180 μm.
The particle shape is not particularly limited, and may be a flaky shape, a spherical shape, an indefinite shape, a fibrous shape, or the like.
[0024]
For the pulverization, for example, a machine such as a Willet mill, a ball mill, a big machine or a mixer can be used. The lignocellulosic material that has been steam-treated and dried is easily broken because the structure is brittle. For this reason, it can be formed into a fine powder in a short time and with a small power compared to simple pulverization. Therefore, heat is not generated in the pulverization step, and pulverization can be performed safely and at a low cost.
In the pulverization, sieving can be carried out using a sieve having an opening not larger than the maximum particle size of the target molding material.
In addition, after drying, not only pulverization but also granulation is possible. Since the decomposition component has adhesiveness, it can be granulated to homogenize the particle size or improve fluidity. In addition, a new composite molding material can be obtained by applying a coating material during granulation.
[0025]
This material retains at least cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation components. In many cases, it contains undegraded lignin and / or cellulose. As described above, the material flows by heating and develops plasticity. As a result, for this reason, the material can be used as a plasticizer. Heating flow is possible even after solidification. Moreover, the composition containing this material can be used as a thermoplastic material, and typically can be used as a molding material utilizing plasticization by heat. Preferably, it is used as a thermoplastic molding material.
It is inference and does not restrict the present invention, but at least a part of the material, in particular, the decomposition component existing on the particle surface melts, so that fluidity and plasticity are formed on the whole aggregate of particles. It seems to give. Therefore, when the material exhibits plasticity by heating, it may be completely melted resin, but in many cases, the material contains a part of the melt and is derived from the constituent particles of the material. It is considered that particles of various shapes such as spherical, fibrous or flaky shape are contained.
[0026]
(Composition containing this material)
The composition of the present invention only needs to contain this material.
It is preferable that the present composition contains the present material to such an extent that the present composition can be fluidized or melted into resin by heating the present composition so that the present composition itself can exhibit plasticity. Accordingly, preferably, the molding composition mainly contains the material. Specifically, the material is contained in an amount of 20 to 99 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 99 parts by weight, out of 100 parts by weight of the resin material used in the composition. Moreover, it can also be set as the composition which consists only of this material.
[0027]
As other resin materials that can be included in the composition, for example, ordinary thermoplastic resin materials, thermosetting resin materials, and biodegradable resin materials can be used. As the thermoplastic resin material, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, vinyl chloride, and the like can be used, and preferably, polypropylene and polyethylene can be used.
Moreover, as a thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, etc. can be used. Preferably, a phenol resin can be used.
By using the biodegradable resin material, the biodegradability of the entire molded body can be easily ensured. As the biodegradable resin material, one or more selected from aliphatic polyester materials such as polylactic acid, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid, and polybutylene succinate can be selected and used. These aliphatic polyester materials are preferable in terms of excellent biodegradability and availability.
[0028]
(Use of this material or composition)
The present material or the present composition containing the present material exhibits fluidity by heating and has plasticity. Furthermore, it solidifies by cooling. By utilizing the plasticity of this material, it can be applied to various compositions such as a molding composition, a plasticizer composition, and a filler composition that utilize thermoplasticity.
When used as a molding composition, a molded article can be easily obtained by carrying out an appropriate shape imparting step during plasticization. As the molding method, various resin molding methods such as compression molding, extrusion molding, and injection molding can be adopted.
[0029]
(precursor)
The form of the present composition before use is not particularly limited. In addition to powder and particles, a precursor having a shape and size suitable for molding, conveying and handling can be used. Such a precursor can be obtained by at least pressurization. The decomposition component inherently possessed by this material has caking properties even at room temperature. For this reason, the precursor which has a shape only by pressurization can be obtained by utilizing this caking property. Moreover, by heating simultaneously, the precursor of various shapes of the state which melt | dissolved at least one part of this material and further improved bondability can be obtained. Since the material has thermoplasticity, the precursor can be heated in the subsequent heating step to develop plasticity.
[0030]
(Plasticization)
The heating conditions for plasticization can be preferably set within a range in which the material is fluidized. The temperature for fluidization (fluidization start temperature) varies depending on the steam treatment conditions of the material, but can be about 100 ° C. or more and about 260 ° C. or less. Preferably, it is about 110 ° C. or higher, more preferably about 150 ° C. or higher, further preferably about 170 ° C. or higher, and most preferably about 180 ° C. or higher. Moreover, it is preferable to set it as about 230 degrees C or less. Most preferably, the temperature is about 170 ° C. or higher and about 180 ° C. or lower.
The heating temperature can be set relatively low when the temperature during the steam treatment is high. Further, when the steam treatment temperature is low, it is preferable to set it relatively high.
[0031]
In particular, when the steam treatment temperature is about 200 ° C., the flow can be started at a temperature of about 150 ° C. to about 190 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the treatment time.
Further, when the steam treatment temperature is about 210 ° C., the flow can be started at about 160 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the treatment time.
When the steam treatment temperature is about 220 ° C., the flow can be started at about 100 ° C. to about 140 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the treatment time. For example, general planar waste (typically a piece having a thickness of 1 mm or less and a size of about 5 cm × 5 cm or less, preferably a strip having a thickness of 0.5 mm or less and about 2 cm × 2 cm or less) is subjected to a steam treatment temperature. When the treatment time is about 200 ° C., when the treatment time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes), it starts flowing at about 190 ° C., and when the treatment time is 5 minutes to 10 minutes, it flows at about 190 ° C. Start.
Further, when the steam treatment temperature is about 210 ° C. and the treatment time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes), the same strip is fluidized at about 160 ° C. When the steam treatment temperature is about 220 ° C. and the treatment time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes), fluidization occurs at about 140 ° C., and when the treatment time is 5 to 10 minutes at the same temperature, 100 to 110 ° C. Fluidize with. In particular, when the steam treatment temperature is about 220 ° C. and the treatment time is 10 minutes, the flow start temperature is about 105 ° C. for similar strips.
As already described, the particle diameter of the material is preferably 45 μm or more and 180 μm or less in order to ensure fluidization, but if the particle diameter is 45 μm or less, it is lower than the exemplified temperature. It is known to start flowing at temperature.
When importance is attached to securing Young's physical properties, the molding temperature is about 170 ° C. In addition to applying a preheating step, the pressure heating time is preferably 10 minutes or longer, more preferably 15 minutes or longer, and even more preferably 20 minutes or longer.
[0032]
From the above, it is clear that the flow start temperature and fluidity can be controlled by the steam treatment temperature. The flow start temperature can be confirmed by an extrusion test using a generally available capillary rheometer or the like.
The most common capillary type rheometer is a temperature-controllable heating furnace, a cylinder installed in the heating furnace, containing a test sample and having a nozzle as a discharge port, a piston for pressurizing the sample in the cylinder, And. An example of an extrusion test using such a capillary rheometer is shown in FIG. The material starts to flow by heating with such a capillary rheometer and is discharged as a filament.
[0033]
In addition, it is preferable to heat this material and this composition beforehand prior to a heating process. That is, it is preferable to carry out in advance a heating step that does not plasticize the material. By carrying out such a preheating step, the heating conditions can be relaxed. Moreover, when obtaining a molded object, the density, bending strength, and bending Young's modulus of the molded object obtained can be improved dramatically. Moreover, the expansion rate and water absorption rate at the time of water absorption can be reduced significantly. The temperature of the preheating step is not particularly limited, but is preferably about the same as the heating temperature in the heating step.
[0034]
(Manufacture of molded products)
After the molding composition is heated and fluidized / plasticized, or with fluidization, a molded article can be obtained by applying an appropriate shape imparting means. As the shape imparting means, for example, a conventionally known means for using a mold or passing a die can be used. Then, a molded object can be obtained by cooling. The molding method is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for the molding of the rotary driving body, but is preferably a compression molding method.
Further, in the production of the molded body, since the molding composition is plasticized and molded, precise molding is possible. For example, not only a simple shape such as a disk or a cylinder, but also a rotary drive body such as a gear having a desired tooth shape as it is, a rotary drive body having a portion having a different thickness or a different cross-sectional shape, a rotary drive body having a diaphragm portion, etc. Can be manufactured.
[0035]
The conditions at the time of shape assignment differ depending on the steam treatment conditions and the molding technique. When a board, panel, or the like is obtained by compression molding, the pressure condition is preferably about 10 MPa or more and about 80 MPa or less. More preferably, it is about 25 MPa or more and 60 MPa or less. If the steam treatment is performed at a high temperature of 220 ° C. or higher for a predetermined time (typically about 2 to 5 minutes), good molding can be realized at 50 MPa or less.
[0036]
(Molded body)
A shaped product can be obtained by giving a shape to the molding composition and then cooling it.
The obtained molded body is resin-like at least in part. In particular, it has a resin-like surface remarkably on the surface. In particular, in the internal phase, a state in which particles derived from the constituent particles of the material are bound may be observed. In many cases, the molded body is in a state in which a resin-like portion and a particle binding portion are mixed.
According to this molded product, excellent properties in density, bending strength, and bending Young's modulus can be ensured. For example, the bending strength is at least 10 N / mm ² , Preferably 40 N / mm ² Or more, more preferably 50 N / mm ² The above molded body can be obtained. The bending Young's modulus is 2.0 kN / mm ² Or more, preferably 6.0 kN / mm ² Or more, more preferably 8.0 kN / mm ² The molded body which is the above can be obtained. In addition, a molded article having a thickness expansion coefficient at the time of water absorption of 15% or less, preferably 12% or less can be obtained. In addition, a molded article excellent in water resistance having a water absorption of 13% or less, preferably 10% or less can be obtained.
Furthermore, a molded body having excellent oil resistance can be obtained. For example, a molded product having an oil absorption of 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less when immersed in machine oil for 24 hours can be obtained.
In addition, a molded article having an oil absorption thickness expansion coefficient and an oil absorption length expansion coefficient of 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, and more preferably 0.1% or less can be obtained under the above immersion conditions.
In the case of a fluid state close to particle flow, the shrinkage rate after heating after curing is small, and therefore, a molded product with high dimensional accuracy can be easily obtained.
In addition, it is preferable to employ | adopt the method shown below as a test method of above-mentioned various characteristics.
[0037]
1. density
According to JIS A 5905 fiberboard 5.4 density test. In addition, the dimension of a test piece shall be 20 mm x 20 mm.
2. Bending test (bending strength and bending Young's modulus)
A test piece having a dimension width of 10 mm, a length of 65 mm, and a thickness of 4 to 6 mm is tested by applying a central concentrated load at a span of 50 mm and a load speed of 2 mm / min. Calculation of bending strength and bending Young's modulus is based on JIS Z 5905 wood test method 9 bending test.
3. Water absorption thickness expansion rate
According to JIS A 5905 fiberboard 5.10 water absorption thickness expansion coefficient test. The immersion time is 24 hours. Moreover, the dimension of a test piece shall be 20 mm x 20 mm.
4). Water absorption
According to JIS A 5905 fiberboard 5.9 water absorption test. The dimension of a test piece shall be 20 mm x 20 mm.
5. Oil absorption
For example, the oil absorption rate can be calculated by immersing in oil such as machine oil for a certain time (for example, 24 hours) and dividing the increase in weight before and after immersion by the initial weight. Moreover, the oil absorption thickness expansion coefficient and the oil absorption length expansion coefficient can be calculated by dividing the changes in thickness and length before and after immersion by the initial thickness and initial length, respectively.
[0038]
Since such a molded body has a resin aspect and has a high density and a high strength, it can be subjected to secondary processing after molding. As a result, the present molded body and its secondary processed body can replace industrial products that have conventionally used synthetic resin molded bodies with the present molded body. For example, various processes such as cutting and grinding performed on the synthetic resin can be performed.
[0039]
(Rotating drive)
The molded body has characteristics that its surface is essentially excellent in lubricity and heat is hardly generated by friction. In particular, such a characteristic is remarkable in a molded body obtained only from the present material. For this reason, it can be used for a rotary drive body related to power transmission such as a gear, a shaft, an auger, a bearing, and a bearing by molding or further cutting.
Especially in the case of a rotary drive, the bending Young's modulus is 8.0 kNmm. ² Or more, more preferably 10.0 kN / mm ² That's it. By providing such a bending Young's modulus, a commonly used gear (tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 16 mm or less and the number of teeth of 6 or more and 120 or less), particularly a gear having a tooth height of 4 mm or more can be configured. For example, module 2.0 (tooth height of 4 mm) and the number of teeth of 6 or more and 120 or less can be manufactured with practical strength.
In addition, the rotary drive body using this molded body has excellent lubricity, and does not supply lubricating oil, or less lubricating oil than is conventionally required for metal rotary drive bodies. Can be rotated by the amount. At the same time, the amount of wear can be suppressed to the same level as engineering plastics such as polyacetal copolymer.
On the other hand, the oil absorption after immersion for machine oil for 24 hours is 1% or less (preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, more preferably 0.05% or less, most preferably 0.01% or less. ) And has high oil resistance. Also, the oil absorption thickness expansion coefficient and the oil absorption length expansion coefficient are each 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, still more preferably 0.05% or less, most preferably 0.00. 01% or less. From these facts, it can be said that the rotary drive body has high oil resistance. Therefore, it can be used sufficiently even when immersed in oil, and can be replaced with a metal gear.
[0040]
(Reuse of rotating drive)
The rotary drive body can develop plasticity again by heating based on the thermoplasticity of the material. Therefore, when this rotary drive body becomes unnecessary, it can be used again as a molding material by heating again. That is, a new shape can be given with the composition as it is, or a new shape can be given in combination with other materials. Furthermore, it can be diverted to other uses as a filler.
Further, by plasticizing the used rotary drive body, it is possible to separate or collect these from composite materials such as other fillers and resin materials in the rotary drive body. At the same time, it is possible to collect only this material.
Furthermore, it can be used as a solid fuel or an adsorbent.
In addition, when reusing this rotary drive body, it is preferable to subdivide in advance.
[0041]
(Biodegradation of rotating drive)
The rotational driving body of the present invention is composed solely of or mainly from a lignocellulosic material. Therefore, it is biodegraded by supplying it as it is to an area where microorganisms such as soil grow or a certain cellulose or lignin degradable microflora. Therefore, the influence on the environment can be suppressed even during disposal.
[0042]
【Example】
Example 1
The beech planar waste was steam treated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was released at once to explode and fiberize. Then, it was dried to the air-dry water content in the sun, pulverized with a Willet mill, and sieved to collect a fine powder having a size of 500 μm or less.
[0043]
(Example 2)
The fine powder obtained in Example 1 was used as a molding composition as it was as a molding composition. No other materials were used other than this molding material. This molding composition was poured into a press die and pressed and heated at two temperatures of 170 ° C. and 190 ° C. under a load of 27.7 MPa for 20 minutes to obtain a molded body. In addition, about any temperature condition sample, the preheating process for about 20 minutes was provided with respect to the composition for shaping | molding.
Various mechanical properties and the like were confirmed for these two types of molded products. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]

[0044]
As shown in Table 1, it was found that by using this molding material, a molded body having preferable density, bending strength and bending Young strength can be obtained. Moreover, it turned out that it can function even in the state which immersed the molded object in the oil from the result of the oil-resistant characteristic.
[0045]
Example 3
The beech planar waste was steam treated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was released at once to explode and fiberize. Then, it was dried to the air-dry water content in the sun, pulverized with a Willet mill, and sieved to collect a fine powder having a size of 500 μm or less.
A molding composition using only this fine powder as a molding material was poured into a press die, and pressurized and heated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes under a load of 27.7 MPa, to obtain three types of gear molded bodies. In addition, the preheating process for about 20 minutes was provided with respect to the composition for shaping | molding. The form of various gears and the outline of the durability tester are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
The large gear 1 was produced by compression-molding 130 g of the molding composition into a size of 100 mm × 100 mm × 9 mm under the above conditions, and then cutting the module to have a module 2.0 and a number of teeth of 38. The intermediate gear 2 was produced by hot-pressing the molding composition 13 g so that the module 2.0 and the number of teeth 18 were obtained under the above conditions. The other gear is the drive gear 3, which was formed by molding under the same conditions as the intermediate gear 2. The final gear 4 was made by cutting Duracon (trademark, polyacetal copolymer) to have a module 2.0 and 18 teeth.
[0046]
As shown in FIG. 2, a load of 10 N was applied to the rotating shaft of the final gear 4 by a coil spring, the driving gear 3 was rotated at 3166 rpm by a motor, and the gear durability test was performed by continuously operating for 8 hours. In this test apparatus, the large gear 1 is in rotational contact with the mating gear at 1500 rpm, the intermediate gear 2 is in rotational contact with the mating gear at 3166 rpm, and the drive gear 3 and the final gear 4 are Each tooth surface comes into contact with power transmission. Lubricating oil was not supplied before and during rotation. The total number of revolutions in the test was 720000 for the gear sample 1 and 1519680 for the intermediate gear 2 and the final gear 4 respectively.
In this test, the weight of each gear before and after the test was measured, and the weight loss by the durability test was calculated. Moreover, the change before and after the test of the tooth surface (tooth profile) of the large gear 1 and the drive gear 4 was measured by GEARTEC TTi-300E (Tokyo Technical Co., Ltd.).
The durability test results are shown in Table 2.
[0047]
[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, it was found from the change in mass before and after the test that the gear made of the present molding material had durability equal to or higher than Duracon. The amount of change in the tooth surface also supported this result.
From these facts, it was found that a molded body using the modified material can be practically used as a gear.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, rotation drive bodies, such as a gearwheel, can be provided using the molded object of the material derived from a lignocellulosic material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a gear configuration in a gear durability tester.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a gear durability tester. 1 Large gear
2 Intermediate gear
3 Drive gear
4 Final gear

Claims (5)

  A method for producing a gear mainly comprising a molded body of a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment,
  A steam treatment step for steam-treating the subdivided lignocellulosic material;
  A drying step of drying the lignocellulosic modified material obtained in the steam treatment step until the water content is 28% or less;
  A preheating step of preheating the lignocellulosic modified material dried in the drying step;
  A heating step of heating the lignocellulose-based modified material preheated in the preheating step at 100 ° C. or higher and 260 ° C. or lower;
  And a molding step of molding the lignocellulosic modified material heated in the heating step by a compression molding method.   A method of manufacturing a gear according to claim 1,
  In the drying process, the lignocellulosic modified material obtained in the steam treatment process is dried until the moisture content becomes 12% or less.   A method of manufacturing a gear according to claim 1 or claim 2,
  In the drying step, the lignocellulosic modified material obtained in the water vapor treatment step is dried while applying air and / or heat.   It is a manufacturing method of the gear given in any 1 paragraph among Claims 1-3,
  A method for manufacturing a gear, wherein a meshing portion is formed by cutting a molded body obtained by the molding step.   A gear manufactured by the gear manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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