JP3779764B2 - How to repair and reinforce structures - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は橋脚、橋梁、建造物等の補修補強、特にコンクリート製構造物の補修補強方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
橋脚、橋梁等のコンクリートからなる既存構造物の補修補強を、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、高強度有機繊維を一方向に引き揃え、少量の樹脂を予め含浸させて、緯方向及び厚み方向に拘束を持たせた一方向シート材料や通常の織物材に樹脂を含浸させながら構造物に貼付け、そのまま放置して硬化させる事により行う事は広く知られている。この場合、シート材料に含浸させるマトリックス樹脂としては可使時間が長く、比較的取扱易い常温硬化タイプのエポキシ樹脂が最も一般的に使用されている。また、現場での作業時間を短縮し、安定な性能を発現させる目的で予め適量の樹脂を含浸させた、いわゆるプリプレグを貼付け、硬化させる補修補強方法も知られている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記の補修補強方法で通常使用されている一方向シート材料は、施工時の取扱性を確保するために強化繊維に通常のサイズ剤のレベルよりは遥かに多くの量の樹脂を付着させて、繊維間の拘束を持たせ、更に接着剤層を介して、不織布やネット状織物からなる面状支持体と接着、一体化したものであるため、現場で樹脂を短時間に含浸することが困難であり、可使時間の短い樹脂は使用出来ないという問題があった。通常の織物材の場合には多量の樹脂の付着や接着剤層で一体化された面状支持体の問題は無いものの、強化繊維自体が相互に強く拘束されているために樹脂の含浸が容易ではなく、可使時間が短い樹脂は使用出来ないという点は同じである。
【０００４】
また通常マトリックス樹脂として使用されている常温硬化のエポキシ樹脂は常温硬化とはいえ、１０℃以下、特に５℃以下では硬化性が著しく低下し硬化不良を起こし易い。また水分により硬化が阻害されるため、例えば、雨天の時には施工出来ないという問題があり、施工期間が長期化する原因にもなっていた。
【０００５】
更に上記の様な一方向シート材料の場合には、アクリル系モノマーや不飽和ポリエステル樹脂のような低粘度で溶解力の強い樹脂を含浸しようとした場合には、含浸しようとする樹脂が予め繊維を拘束するために付着していた樹脂を溶解しながら含浸していくので、施工時に繊維配向が乱れ、十分な強度が得られないという問題もあった。通常の織物材の場合には、繊維方向が二方向であるため片方の強度は半分以下となり、一方向を特に強化したい場合には極めて不利になるという問題を有していた。
【０００６】
本発明は、かかる従来の問題点を解決し、取扱性と樹脂の含浸性の両方の特性に優れ、かつ硬化物としての強度発現性にも優れた異方性織物、及び該異方性織物を用いた、低温或いは雨天のような悪環境化でも施工可能で、短時間で優れた補修補強効果を発現しうる既存建造物の補修補強方法の提供を課題とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第1の要旨は、引張強度３ＧＰａ以上、引張弾性率１５０ＧＰａ以上の高強度高弾性繊維を経糸とし、該経糸より低い引張弾性率の繊維を緯糸とする異方性織物において、緯糸が融点差５０℃以上の二種の繊維からなる１ｍ当たりの重量が０．１ｇ以下の複合糸であり、且つ経糸方向における緯糸の間隔が３〜１５ｍｍであって、緯糸を構成する低融点繊維により経糸と緯糸とが接着されている異方性織物に、２５℃でのゲル化時間が１５分以上で、かつ５℃でも重合し、６時間以内に硬化可能なビニル基を有する単量体とオリゴマーを主成分とし、有機過酸化物を含有し、硬化促進剤を含有しない反応性混合物を一方の面側から含浸し、２５℃でのゲル化時間が１５分以上で、かつ５℃でも重合し、６時間以内に硬化可能なビニル基を有する単量体とオリゴマーを主成分とし、硬化促進剤を含有し、有機過酸化物を含有しない反応性混合物を反対面側から含浸しながら構造物に貼付け、放置して硬化させる構造物の補修補強方法にあり、本発明の第２の要旨は、引張強度３ＧＰａ以上、引張弾性率１５０ＧＰａ以上の高強度高弾性繊維を経糸とし、該経糸より低い引張弾性率の繊維を緯糸とする異方性織物において、緯糸が融点差５０℃以上の二種の繊維からなる１ｍ当たりの重量が０．１ｇ以下の複合糸であり、且つ経糸方向における緯糸の間隔が３〜１５ｍｍであって、緯糸を構成する低融点繊維により経糸と緯糸とが接着されている異方性織物に予め反応性混合物の硬化促進剤となる化合物を付着させておき、この異方性織物に、２５℃でのゲル化時間が１５分以上で、かつ５℃でも重合し、６時間以内に硬化可能なビニル基を有する単量体とオリゴマーを主成分とし、有機過酸化物を含有し、硬化促進剤を含有しない反応性混合物を含浸しながら構造物に貼付け、放置して硬化させる構造物の補修補強方法にあり、これによって上記課題を解決するものである。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
既存建造物の補修補強を効果的に行うためには、使用する高強度高弾性繊維を一方向に引き揃えたシート材料を使用することが重要であるが、単に引き揃えて並べただけではシート材料としての取扱は不可能であり、補修補強用材料としては使えない。補修補強用材料としての十分な取扱性を確保する方法としては、予め樹脂を含浸したいわゆるプリプレグとするのが最も一般的であるが、補修補強工法で使用するような常温硬化の樹脂は、含浸後すぐに使用しないと硬化してしまうためプリプレグ用マトリックス樹脂としては不適当であり、通常のプリプレグ用マトリックス樹脂は、硬化させるためには１００℃以上の高温に加熱しなければならず既存建造物の補修補強方法としては不適切である。そのため、予め含浸する樹脂の量は取扱性を確保する必要最低限の量にし、しかも硬化剤は含有させずに可使時間を確保し、施工時に追加含浸する相対的に多量の樹脂中に含まれる常温硬化型の硬化剤で一緒に硬化させる方法が一般には行われているが、施工時に含浸する樹脂は予め付着させた樹脂と同種の樹脂に限定されるという制限があるばかりでなく、施工時の取扱性を確保する為には通常のサイズ剤量よりは遥かに多い量の樹脂を付着させねばならず、施工時に含浸する樹脂の含浸性が著しく低下する。更に、施工時の取扱性を向上させるために強化繊維に付着させた樹脂を利用して、或いは特別に設けた接着剤層を介して、不織布やネット状織物等の面状支持体を貼り付けることも一般的に行われているが、取扱性は向上するものの施工時の樹脂の含浸性は一層低下する。
【０００９】
本発明の異方性織物は一方向に引き揃えた高強度高弾性繊維に樹脂を付着させていないため、施工時に含浸する樹脂の種類に制限はなく、含浸性も極めて良好である。従って低温でも速やかに重合し硬化する樹脂をマトリックス樹脂として使用できるので、施工時の環境条件の制限も少なく、施工時間の大幅な短縮も期待できる。また、経糸より低引張弾性率の複合糸を緯糸とし、製織後、複合糸を構成する低融点繊維の融点以上の温度に加熱して緯糸と経糸とを適度に接着させた織物であるため、施工時の取扱性は極めて良好であり、施工時に繊維の配向が乱れ、補強効果が低下するような問題も起きない。
【００１０】
本発明において、経糸に使用する繊維としては通常強化繊維として使用される繊維が使用でき、炭素繊維等の無機繊維、アラミド繊維等の有機繊維が使用可能であるが、引張強度が３ＧＰａ以上で引張弾性率が１５０ＧＰａ以上の高強度高弾性繊維が好ましい。引張強度が４ＧＰａ以上の高強度炭素繊維が優れた補強効果を発現するので特に好ましい。
【００１１】
本発明において、緯糸に使用する糸は融点差が５０℃以上ある二種の繊維からなる複合糸である。複合糸における高融点繊維は本来の緯糸であり、少なくとも施工終了時まで緯糸として機能する。従って、ある程度の強度及び弾性率を有している必要はあるが、経糸より引張弾性率が低くなければならない。経糸より引張弾性率が高い場合には、経糸が長手方向に蛇行し易くなり、十分な強度を発現しなくなる。緯糸の好ましい引張弾性率の範囲は５０〜１００ＧＰａである。また、施工時の繊維の配向の乱れを防ぐ為に、マトリックス樹脂となる樹脂に溶解しないこともまた重要な要件である。この様な高融点繊維の代表例としてはガラス繊維を例示できるが、必ずしもそれに限定されるものではない。
【００１２】
一方、低融点繊維は製織後に経糸と緯糸とを一体化し、優れた取扱性を賦与するために必須の繊維である。この低融点繊維なしでは取扱時に繊維の乱れが起きやすく、十分な補強効果が得られない。このような低融点繊維の代表例としては、低融点のポリアミド繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ポリオレフィン繊維を例示することが出来るが、必ずしもそれらに限定されるものではない。
【００１３】
緯糸に使用する複合糸は上記二種類の繊維を必須成分とするものであるが、二種類の繊維を一体化し、樹脂含浸以前の経糸と緯糸の接着性をより強固にすることによって、施工時の取扱性を向上させる目的で、１５０℃以下の温度で融解或いは軟化する高分子化合物を複合糸に対し、０．５〜１０重量％付着させた複合糸が好適に用いられる。付着させる高分子化合物は１５０℃以下の温度で融解或いは軟化する高分子化合物であれば特に制限はないが、水に溶解する化合物或いは水性エマルジョン化可能な化合物の方が複合糸に付着させるプロセスが容易であり好ましい。このような高分子化合物としてはポリ酢酸ビニル、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、酢酸ビニル・アクリル共重合体、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリブタジエン系共重合体をその代表例として例示出来るが、必ずしもそれらに限定されるものではない。
【００１４】
本発明の緯糸に使用する低融点繊維及び１５０℃以下の温度で融解或いは軟化する高分子化合物は、緯糸と経糸とを接着し、異方性織物に優れた取扱性を賦与するものであるが、硬化後の物性、特に引張強度発現性の観点からは緯糸による経糸の拘束は弱い方が好ましい。従って、施工時に含浸する反応性混合物により徐々に非接着状態に移行するような低融点繊維及び高分子化合物を選択し、且つ高分子化合物の付着量を制御することが望ましい。特に高分子化合物は施工時に含浸する反応性混合物にある程度溶解する化合物が好ましく、含浸する反応性混合物にあわせて選定することが望ましい。
【００１５】
また、硬化後の強度発現性の観点からは緯糸は出来るだけ細い方が好ましく、１ｍ当たりの重量が０．１ｇ以下、より好ましくは０．０１〜０．０５ｇである。
【００１６】
複合糸中の高融点繊維と低融点繊維の複合比率は、体積比で高融点繊維１に対し、低融点繊維０．２５〜２．０の範囲であり、０．５〜１．５の範囲が接着性及び機械的特性の点からより好ましい。
【００１７】
本発明の異方性織物における緯糸の間隔は３〜１５ｍｍである。間隔が３ｍｍより狭い場合には経糸の長手方向における蛇行が無視出来なくて硬化後の強度低下を引き起こすおそれがあり、逆に１５ｍｍより広い場合にはシート材としての取扱性が低下するので好ましくない。より好ましい緯糸の間隔は４〜１０ｍｍである。
【００１８】
本発明の建造物の補修補強方法は、上述の異方性織物に、２５℃でのゲル化時間が１５分以上で、かつ５℃でも重合し、６時間以内に硬化可能なビニル基を有する単量体とオリゴマーを主成分とする反応性混合物（マトリックス樹脂）を、異方性織物の両側から含浸しながら構造物に貼付け、放置して硬化させる方法である。
【００１９】
異方性織物と組み合わせて使用する樹脂としては、単に十分な補修補強効果を得るだけであれば常温で異方性織物に容易に含浸し、硬化後十分な強度を発現する樹脂であれば使用可能であるが、環境条件に左右されずに比較的短期間に十分な補修補強効果を発現するためには、５℃でも重合を開始し、比較的短時間に十分な強度を発現するレベルまで硬化が進行する樹脂であることが肝要である。十分な強度を発現するレベルまで硬化が進行する時間としては２４時間が一つの目安になりうるが、施工をより効率的に行うためには６時間以内が好ましく、３時間以内が更に好ましい。一方、異方性織物に樹脂を含浸する工程の作業性の観点からは、使用する樹脂は常温で１０分以上、好ましくは１５分以上の可使時間を有することが必要であり、従って、重合開始後速やかに硬化反応が進行する、連鎖反応系の反応機構で硬化する反応性混合物が好ましい。最も好ましい反応性混合物は常温で３０分以上の可使時間を有し、かつ３時間以内に十分な強度を発現するレベルまで硬化が進行するような反応性混合物である。
【００２０】
この様な条件を満たす反応性混合物としては、いわゆるアクリル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂を例示する事が出来るが必ずしもこれらに限定されるものではない。特に好ましい反応性混合物としては、少なくとも一種の（メタ）アクリレートモノマーと分子内に少なくとも一つの（メタ）アクリル基を有する反応性オリゴマーとを主成分とするアクリル系樹脂を例示することが出来る。
【００２１】
（メタ）アクリレートモノマーとしては、メチル（メタ）アクリレート、エチル（メタ）アクリレート、プロピル（メタ）アクリレート、ブチル（メタ）アクリレート、２−エチルヘキシル（メタ）アクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリル（メタ）アクリレート、２−ヒドロキシエチル（メタ）アクリレート、（メタ）アクリル酸、アリル（メタ）アクリレート等、通常アクリル樹脂に使用されているモノマーがそのまま使用出来る。エチレングリコールジ（メタ）アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジ（メタ）アクリレート等の分子内に２個以上の（メタ）アクリル基を有する多官能モノマーも当然使用出来る。これらのアクリル系モノマーは必要に応じ、２つ以上を混合して使用してももちろん差し支えない。
【００２２】
分子内に少なくとも一つの（メタ）アクリル基を有する反応性オリゴマーとしては、比較的低分子量の（メタ）アクリレート系共重合体、スチレン系共重合体或いはスチレン・アクリルニトリル共重合体の末端に（メタ）アクリル基を付加したいわゆるマクロモノマーの他、フタル酸、アジピン酸等の多塩基酸とエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール等の多価アルコールとの反応で得られるポリエステルポリ（メタ）アクリレート、フタル酸、アジピン酸等の多塩基酸とエチレングリコール、ブタンジオール等の多価アルコールとトリメチロールプロパンジアリルエーテル、ペンタエリスリトールトリアリルエーテル等のアリルエーテル基含有アルコールと（メタ）アクリル酸との反応で得られるアリル基含有ポリエステルポリ（メタ）アクリレート、エポキシ樹脂と（メタ）アクリル酸との反応で得られるエポキシポリ（メタ）アクリレート、ポリオールとポリイソシアネートと水酸基含有（メタ）アクリレートモノマーとの反応で得られるウレタンポリ（メタ）アクリレート等を例示出来るが、必ずしもそれらに限定されるものではない。
【００２３】
これらの反応性混合物を重合するための硬化触媒系としては、可使時間と重合開始温度、硬化時間の条件を満足するような硬化触媒系であれば特に制限は無く、通常、常温でのラジカル重合用硬化触媒として使用されている触媒系がそのまま使用出来る。具体的には、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、メチルエチルケトンパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物とナフテン酸コバルト、オクチル酸コバルト等の金属石鹸あるいはジメチルアニリン、ジメチルトルイジン等の芳香族第三級アミンとを組み合わせた、いわゆるレドックス触媒系を例示出来るが必ずしもこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００２４】
また、種々の特性を改善するために、種々の添加剤、例えば反応性希釈剤、紫外線吸収剤、顔料或いは充填剤を樹脂の硬化性や硬化物の機械的特性を低下させない範囲で添加することはもちろん差し支えない。特に、硬化時の空気遮断及び硬化物表面への光沢付与、汚れ防止を目的としてパラフィンワックスを添加することはむしろ好ましい結果が得られる場合が多い。本発明においてパラフィンワックスと称するのはパラフィンワックス、ポリエチレンワックス及びステアリン酸、１，２−ヒドロキシステアリン酸等の高級脂肪酸のことである。
【００２５】
本発明の補修補強方法は前述した異方性織物にマトリックス樹脂となる反応性混合物を含浸しながら既存の建造物に貼り付け、放置して硬化させるが、本発明により補修補強を実施するに先立ち、既存建造物の下地処理をすることは十分な補修補強効果を得る上で極めて好ましい。下地処理は例えば、まず建造物表面に塗装等が施して有る場合にはこれを取り除き、表面を平滑に処理した後、本発明で使用する反応性混合物と接着性等が良好な材料で欠陥部分を埋め、必要に応じて再度研磨することにより、表面を平滑にする方法で実施すれば良い。
【００２６】
本発明の補修補強方法の代表的な実施の形態は次の通りである。
（実施形態１）
硬化触媒系も均一に混合した反応性混合物をまず既存建造物の補修補強を施す部分に塗り、異方性織物を貼り付けた後、反対側からも同じ反応性混合物を含浸して硬化させる。
【００２７】
（実施形態２）
有機過酸化物を含有し、硬化促進剤を含有しない反応性混合物（Ａ液）をまず既存建造物に塗布し、異方性織物を貼り付けた後、硬化促進剤を含有し、有機過酸化物を含有しない反応性混合物（Ｂ液）を反対側から含浸し、両者が接触、混合することにより、硬化させる。この方法は特に反応性混合物の可使時間を十分に確保したい場合に採用することが望ましい。Ａ液とＢ液を逆に使用してももちろん差し支えない。
【００２８】
（実施形態３）
異方性織物の経糸となる強化繊維に反応性混合物の硬化促進剤となる化合物を予め付着させ、施工時には硬化促進剤を含有しない反応性混合物を両側から含浸して、硬化促進剤と接触、混合せしめることにより、重合を開始させ、硬化させる。
【００２９】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
【００３０】
（参考例１）
ＴＥＸ番手２２．５（０．０２２５ｇ／ｍ）のガラス繊維（引張弾性率７２．５ＧＰａ、融点８４０℃、比重２．５４ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）とトータルデニールが７０デニールの低融点ポリアミドのマルチフィラメント（融点１２５℃、比重１．０８ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）とを撚合わせ、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体（融点８０℃）を撚合わせ糸１０００ｍ当たり１．５ｇ付着させて緯糸となる複合糸を得た。この複合糸の１ｍ当たりの重量は約０．０３ｇ、高融点繊維と低融点繊維の複合比率は体積比で１対０．８である。
【００３１】
経糸として、三菱レイヨン（株）製炭素繊維パイロフィルＴＲ３０Ｇ（引張強度４．５ＧＰａ、引張弾性率２３５ＧＰａ、フィラメント数１２０００本）を繊維目付が３００ｇ／ｍ２ になるように引き揃え、緯糸として上記複合糸を用いて、緯糸の間隔が５ｍｍになるように織成して、異方性織物を得た。更に、この織物を１８０℃に加熱した一対のロール間を通過させることにより、経糸と緯糸を部分的に接着して本発明の異方性織物を得た。得られた異方性織物はしなやかで多少乱暴に扱っても繊維の乱れや目崩れの起きない極めて取り扱いやすいものであった。
【００３２】
メチルメタクリレート７０部、１，３−ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート２部、末端にメタクリル基を有する数平均分子量が６０００のｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマー２５部、ｎ−パラフィン１部、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン１部を均一になるまで十分に混合し、最後にＮ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジン１部を添加混合し、有機過酸化物を含まない反応性混合物を得た。
【００３３】
上記反応性混合物１００部に対して、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド２部を添加混合し、上記異方性織物２枚に対し、樹脂の目付が１０００ｇ／ｍ２ 程度になるように含浸し、常温で１時間放置して硬化した。得られたコンポジットから引張試験片を作成し、評価した。繊維含有率１００％に換算した（異方性織物の理論厚みで割り返した）引張強度は３９０ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２ であり、十分に強度を発現していることを確認した。また、樹脂の含浸性も極めて良好であった。
【００３４】
（参考例２）
参考例１と同一の反応性混合物１００部に対して、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド２部を添加混合し、コンクリート製曲げ試験片の異方性シート塗布面に塗布量が２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度になるように塗布し、参考例１と同一の異方性織物を貼り付けた後、更に反対面より２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度の反応性混合物を塗布し、異方性織物に含浸してそのまま放置した。この反応性混合物の常温でのゲル化時間は約２５分であったが、異方性織物が取扱易く、反応性混合物の含浸も極めて容易なため作業はスムーズに進行し、６個の試験片への貼付作業がほんの数分で終了したので何の困難もなかった。硬化は有機過酸化物の混合から約１時間で完了し、１時間半後にコンクリートとの接着性を建研式で評価した。破壊はコンクリート部分で起こり、十分な接着強度が得られていることが確認された。次いで曲げ試験を実施し、補強効果の確認を行った。補強無しの場合の曲げ強度は９０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ であったが、補強を行うことで１６０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ に向上した。
【００３５】
（参考例３）
コンクリート製試験片への貼付作業を５℃の環境下で実施する他は参考例２と同様にして試験片を作成し、評価した。５℃の環境下でも２時間後には十分硬化し、接着性試験においてはコンクリート部分で破壊することを確認した。また、曲げ強度は１５５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ と向上しており、低温での施工においても十分な補強効果が発現することを確認した。
【００３６】
（参考例４〜１６、比較例１〜６）
緯糸となる複合糸の構成及び異方性織物に於ける緯糸の間隔が異なる以外は参考例１と同様にして異方性織物で補強したコンクリート製試験片を作成し評価した。異方性織物の構成及び評価結果は表１及び表２にまとめて示した。なお、表中の略号及び記号は以下の通りである。
【００３７】
ＣＦ：三菱レイヨン（株）製炭素繊維パイロフィルＴＲ３０Ｇ
表中の数字は異方性織物のＣＦ目付
ＧＦ：ガラス繊維（引張弾性率７２．５ＧＰａ、融点８４０℃、比重２．５４ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）
ＰＡ：低融点ポリアミドのマルチフィラメント（融点１２５℃、比重１．０８ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）
ＰＥ：低融点ポリエステルのマルチフィラメント（融点１３０℃、比重ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）
ＰＯ：低融点ポリオレフィンのマルチフィラメント（融点１００℃、比重ｇ／ｃｍ３ ）
表中のＧＦ〜ＰＯ項の数字は異方性織物の緯糸に使用した各繊維の単位長さ当たりの重量
ＥＶ：エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体（融点８０℃）
ＡＣ：アクリル系共重合体（融点７５℃）
表中の数字は複合糸における高分子化合物の重量％
取扱性、樹脂の含浸性：◎…極めて良好、○…良好、△…やや不良、×…不良
引張強度：ｋｇｆ／ｍｍ２ 単位で表示
【００３８】
【表１】
【表２】
（実施例１）
メチルメタクリレート７０部、１，３−ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート２部、末端にメタクリル基を有する数平均分子量が６０００のｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマー２５部、ｎ−パラフィン１部、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン１部を均一になるまで十分に混合し、最後にＮ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジン２部を添加混合し、有機過酸化物を含まない反応性混合物Ａを得た。
【００４１】
また、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジン２部の代わりにベンゾイルパーオキサイド４部を添加混合し、有機過酸化物を含み、硬化促進剤を含まない反応性混合物Ｂを得た。
【００４２】
コンクリート製曲げ試験片の異方性シート塗布面に上記反応性混合物Ａを塗布量が２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度になるように塗布し、参考例１と同一の異方性織物を貼り付けた後、更に反対面より２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度の反応性混合物Ｂを塗布し、異方性織物に含浸してそのまま放置した。反応性混合物Ａも反応性混合物Ｂも単独では常温で安定であるが、混合後は速やかに反応が進行し、約３０分でゲル化した。反応性混合物ＡもＢも異方性織物に極めて容易に含浸するため作業はスムーズに進行し、６個の試験片への貼付作業はほんの数分で終了し、何の困難もなかった。硬化は反応性混合物Ｂの含浸から約１時間で完了し、１時間半後にコンクリートとの接着性を建研式で評価したところ破壊はコンクリート部分で起こり、十分な接着強度が得られていることが確認された。次いで曲げ試験を実施し、補強効果の確認を行った。補強無しの場合の曲げ強度は９０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ であったが、補強を行うことで１５０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ に向上した。
【００４３】
（実施例２）
Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジン１０部、数平均分子量が６０００のｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマー２０部をメチルエチルケトン７０部に溶解し、均一に混合した。参考例１と同一の異方性織物をこの混合液で処理することにより、１ｍ２ 当たり、Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジンが５ｇ、数平均分子量が６０００のｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマーが１０ｇ付着した異方性織物を調製した。
【００４４】
メチルメタクリレート７０部、１，３−ブチレングリコールジメタクリレート２部、末端にメタクリル基を有する数平均分子量が６０００のｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマー２３部、ｎ−パラフィン１部、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン１部を均一になるまで十分に混合し、最後にベンゾイルパーオキサイド２部を添加混合し、有機過酸化物を含み硬化促進剤を含まない反応性混合物を調製した。
【００４５】
コンクリート製曲げ試験用試験片の異方性シート塗布面に上記の硬化促進剤を含まない反応性混合物を塗布量が２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度になるように塗布し、上記のＮ，Ｎ−ジメチル−ｐ−トルイジンが付着した異方性織物を貼り付けた後、更に反対面より２５０ｇ／ｍ２ 程度の反応性混合物を塗布し、異方性織物に含浸してそのまま放置した。上記の異方性織物は極めて取扱い易く、反応性混合物の含浸も極めて容易なため作業はスムーズに進行し、６個の試験片への貼付作業がほんの数分で終了し、何の困難もなかった。硬化は反応性混合物の含浸から約１時間で完了し、１時間半後にコンクリートとの接着性を建研式で評価したところ破壊はコンクリート部分で起こり、十分な接着強度が得られていることが確認された。次いで曲げ試験を実施し補強を行うことで曲げ強度が１６５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ に向上していることを確認した。
【００４６】
（参考例１７）
ｎ−ブチルアクリレートマクロモノマーの代わりにフタル酸とエチレングリコールとペンタエリスリトールトリアリルエーテルとメタクリル酸との反応で得られるアリル基含有ポリエステルポリメタクリレートを用い、硬化促進剤としてナフテン酸コバルトを１部併用する以外は参考例２と同様にして異方性織物で補強したコンクリート製曲げ試験片を作成し、評価した。この反応性混合物の常温でのゲル化時間は約３０分であり、異方性織物の貼付作業には何の困難もなかった。また、異方性織物で補強された試験片の曲げ強度は１６０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ であり、十分に補強効果が発現していることを確認した。
【００４７】
（参考例１８）
アリル基含有ポリエステルポリメタクリレートの代わりにエポキシ当量１９０ｇ／ｅｑ．のエポキシ樹脂とメタクリル酸との反応で得られるエポキシポリメタクリレートを用いる他は参考例１７と同様にして異方性織物で補強したコンクリート製曲げ試験片を作成し、評価した。この反応性混合物の常温でのゲル化時間は約３５分であり、異方性織物の貼付作業には何の困難もなかった。また、異方性織物で補強された試験片の曲げ強度は１５５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ２ であり、十分に補強効果が発現していることを確認した。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の建造物の補修補強方法は、低温或いは雨天のような悪環境化でも施工可能であり、しかも短時間で優れた補修補強効果を発現することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to repair and reinforcement of bridge piers, bridges, buildings, etc., particularly concrete structures. of It relates to repair and reinforcement methods.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Repair and reinforcement of existing structures made of concrete such as bridge piers and bridges are made by aligning carbon fiber, glass fiber, and high-strength organic fiber in one direction, impregnating a small amount of resin in advance, and restraining in the weft and thickness directions. It is widely known that the unidirectional sheet material or ordinary woven material that has been applied is adhered to the structure while being impregnated with resin, and is left to cure as it is. In this case, as the matrix resin to be impregnated into the sheet material, a room temperature curing type epoxy resin having a long usable time and relatively easy to handle is most commonly used. In addition, a repair and reinforcement method is also known in which a so-called prepreg impregnated with an appropriate amount of resin in advance for the purpose of shortening the work time on site and exhibiting stable performance is applied and cured.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the unidirectional sheet material normally used in the repair and reinforcement method described above has a much larger amount of resin attached to the reinforcing fiber than the normal sizing agent level in order to ensure handling during construction. In addition, it is impregnated with a surface support made of nonwoven fabric or net-like fabric via an adhesive layer, and is integrated and integrated with the resin layer in a short time. However, there is a problem that a resin having a short pot life cannot be used. In the case of ordinary textile materials, there is no problem of adhesion of a large amount of resin or a planar support integrated with an adhesive layer, but resin impregnation is easy because the reinforcing fibers themselves are strongly bound to each other. However, it is the same that resin with a short pot life cannot be used.
[0004]
Moreover, although the room temperature curing epoxy resin usually used as a matrix resin is at room temperature curing, at 10 ° C. or less, particularly 5 ° C. or less, the curability is remarkably lowered and a curing failure tends to occur. Moreover, since hardening is inhibited by moisture, for example, there is a problem that the construction cannot be performed in rainy weather, which causes the construction period to be prolonged.
[0005]
Further, in the case of the unidirectional sheet material as described above, if an attempt is made to impregnate a resin having a low viscosity and a strong dissolving power such as an acrylic monomer or an unsaturated polyester resin, the resin to be impregnated is preliminarily made of fibers. Since the resin adhering to restrain the resin is impregnated while being dissolved, the fiber orientation is disturbed at the time of construction, and sufficient strength cannot be obtained. In the case of a normal woven material, since the fiber direction is two directions, the strength of one side is less than half, and there is a problem that it is extremely disadvantageous when it is desired to strengthen one direction in particular.
[0006]
The present invention solves such conventional problems, is an anisotropic woven fabric excellent in both handling properties and resin impregnation properties, and excellent in strength development as a cured product, and the anisotropic woven fabric It is an object of the present invention to provide a repair and reinforcement method for an existing building that can be applied even in a bad environment such as low temperature or rainy weather and can exhibit an excellent repair and reinforcement effect in a short time.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first gist of the present invention is that in an anisotropic woven fabric having a high-strength and high-elasticity fiber having a tensile strength of 3 GPa or more and a tensile modulus of 150 GPa or more as a warp, and a weft of a fiber having a tensile modulus lower than the warp, the weft is It is a composite yarn composed of two types of fibers having a melting point difference of 50 ° C. or more and having a weight per meter of 0.1 g or less, and the weft interval in the warp direction is 3 to 15 mm. A monomer having a vinyl group, which has a gelation time at 25 ° C. of 15 minutes or more and is polymerized at 5 ° C. and can be cured within 6 hours on an anisotropic woven fabric in which warp and weft are bonded; A reactive mixture containing an oligomer as a main component, containing an organic peroxide, and containing no curing accelerator is impregnated from one side, and the gelation time at 25 ° C. is 15 minutes or longer, and the polymerization is performed even at 5 ° C. And a vinyl group curable within 6 hours. Of the structure to be cured by being stuck to the structure while impregnating from the opposite side with a reactive mixture containing a monomer and oligomer having a main component, containing a curing accelerator and not containing an organic peroxide. The second aspect of the present invention is an anisotropic method in which high-strength and high-elasticity fibers having a tensile strength of 3 GPa or more and a tensile elastic modulus of 150 GPa or more are used as warps, and fibers having a lower tensile elastic modulus than the warps are used as wefts. The weft yarn is a composite yarn having a weight per meter of 0.1 g or less made of two types of fibers having a melting point difference of 50 ° C. or more, and the distance between the wefts in the warp direction is 3 to 15 mm. A compound serving as a curing accelerator for the reactive mixture is attached in advance to the anisotropic fabric in which the warp and the weft are bonded by the low-melting fiber constituting the gel, and the anisotropic fabric is gelated at 25 ° C. More than 15 minutes In addition, while impregnating a reactive mixture which is polymerized even at 5 ° C. and contains a monomer and an oligomer having a vinyl group which can be cured within 6 hours, contains an organic peroxide, and does not contain a curing accelerator. There is a method for repairing and reinforcing a structure that is stuck to a structure and allowed to stand and harden, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to effectively repair and reinforce existing buildings, it is important to use a sheet material in which the high-strength and high-elastic fibers to be used are aligned in one direction. It cannot be used as a material and cannot be used as a material for repair and reinforcement. The most common way to ensure sufficient handling as a repair and reinforcement material is to use a so-called prepreg impregnated with a resin in advance. Since it will harden if not used immediately, it is unsuitable as a matrix resin for prepreg, and ordinary prepreg matrix resin must be heated to a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher in order to be cured. It is inappropriate as a repair and reinforcement method. For this reason, the amount of resin impregnated in advance is the minimum amount necessary to ensure handling, and the pot life is ensured without containing a curing agent, and it is contained in a relatively large amount of resin that is additionally impregnated during construction. Although a method of curing together with a normal temperature curing type curing agent is generally performed, the resin impregnated at the time of construction is not limited to the same type of resin as the pre-adhered resin, but construction In order to ensure handling at the time, a much larger amount of resin than the normal amount of sizing agent must be adhered, and the impregnation property of the resin impregnated at the time of construction is remarkably lowered. Furthermore, in order to improve the handling property at the time of construction, a sheet-like support such as a nonwoven fabric or a net-like woven fabric is pasted using a resin adhered to a reinforcing fiber or through a special adhesive layer. Although this is also generally performed, the impregnation property of the resin at the time of construction is further lowered although the handling property is improved.
[0009]
Since the anisotropic woven fabric of the present invention does not have a resin attached to the high-strength and high-elasticity fibers aligned in one direction, the type of resin impregnated at the time of construction is not limited, and the impregnation property is very good. Therefore, since a resin that polymerizes and cures quickly even at low temperatures can be used as a matrix resin, there are few restrictions on environmental conditions during construction, and a significant reduction in construction time can be expected. In addition, since the weft is a composite yarn having a lower tensile elastic modulus than the warp, and after weaving, the weft is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the low-melting fiber constituting the composite yarn, and the weft and the warp are appropriately bonded. The handling property at the time of construction is very good, and there is no problem that the fiber orientation is disturbed at the time of construction and the reinforcing effect is lowered.
[0010]
In the present invention, as fibers used for warp, fibers that are usually used as reinforcing fibers can be used. Inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers and organic fibers such as aramid fibers can be used, but tensile strength is 3 GPa or more. High-strength and high-elasticity fibers having an elastic modulus of 150 GPa or more are preferable. A high strength carbon fiber having a tensile strength of 4 GPa or more is particularly preferable because it exhibits an excellent reinforcing effect.
[0011]
In the present invention, the yarn used for the weft is a composite yarn composed of two types of fibers having a melting point difference of 50 ° C. or more. The high melting point fiber in the composite yarn is an original weft and functions as a weft at least until the end of construction. Therefore, it is necessary to have a certain degree of strength and elastic modulus, but the tensile elastic modulus must be lower than that of the warp. When the tensile elastic modulus is higher than that of the warp, the warp is likely to meander in the longitudinal direction and does not exhibit sufficient strength. A preferred tensile elastic modulus range of the weft is 50 to 100 GPa. Moreover, in order to prevent disorder of the orientation of the fiber at the time of construction, it is also an important requirement not to dissolve in the resin that becomes the matrix resin. A glass fiber can be exemplified as a representative example of such a high melting point fiber, but it is not necessarily limited thereto.
[0012]
On the other hand, the low melting point fiber is an essential fiber for integrating the warp and the weft after weaving and imparting excellent handleability. Without this low melting point fiber, the fiber is likely to be disturbed during handling, and a sufficient reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. Typical examples of such low-melting fibers include low-melting polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, and polyolefin fibers, but are not necessarily limited thereto.
[0013]
The composite yarn used for the weft is composed of the above two types of fibers as essential components, but by integrating the two types of fibers and strengthening the adhesiveness between the warp and the weft before resin impregnation, For the purpose of improving the handleability, a composite yarn in which 0.5 to 10% by weight of a polymer compound that melts or softens at a temperature of 150 ° C. or less is attached to the composite yarn is preferably used. The polymer compound to be attached is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound that melts or softens at a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower, but there is a process in which a compound that dissolves in water or a compound that can be emulsified in water is attached to the composite yarn. Easy and preferred. Typical examples of such a polymer compound include polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate / acrylic copolymer, polyacrylic ester, polyester, polyethylene, and polybutadiene copolymer. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
[0014]
The low-melting fiber used for the weft of the present invention and the polymer compound that melts or softens at a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower adheres the weft and the warp and imparts excellent handleability to the anisotropic fabric. From the viewpoint of the physical properties after curing, especially the development of tensile strength, it is preferable that the warp is not restrained by wefts. Therefore, it is desirable to select a low-melting-point fiber and a polymer compound that gradually shift to a non-adhesive state by the reactive mixture impregnated at the time of construction, and to control the amount of the polymer compound adhered. In particular, the polymer compound is preferably a compound that dissolves to some extent in the reactive mixture impregnated at the time of construction, and is preferably selected according to the reactive mixture to be impregnated.
[0015]
Further, from the viewpoint of strength development after curing, the weft is preferably as thin as possible, and the weight per meter is 0.1 g or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.05 g.
[0016]
The composite ratio of the high melting point fiber and the low melting point fiber in the composite yarn is in the range of the low melting point fiber 0.25 to 2.0 and the range of 0.5 to 1.5 with respect to the high melting point fiber 1 in volume ratio. Is more preferable in terms of adhesiveness and mechanical properties.
[0017]
The interval between the wefts in the anisotropic fabric of the present invention is 3 to 15 mm. When the interval is narrower than 3 mm, meandering in the longitudinal direction of the warp cannot be ignored, and there is a possibility of causing a decrease in strength after curing. Conversely, when it is larger than 15 mm, the handleability as a sheet material is lowered, which is not preferable. . A more preferred weft interval is 4 to 10 mm.
[0018]
In the method for repairing and reinforcing a building according to the present invention, the above-mentioned anisotropic woven fabric has a vinyl group that has a gelation time at 25 ° C. of 15 minutes or longer, polymerizes at 5 ° C., and can be cured within 6 hours. This is a method in which a reactive mixture (matrix resin) mainly composed of monomers and oligomers is applied to a structure while being impregnated from both sides of an anisotropic woven fabric, and is left to cure.
[0019]
The resin used in combination with the anisotropic woven fabric can be used if it is a resin that can easily impregnate the anisotropic woven fabric at room temperature and exhibits sufficient strength after curing as long as sufficient repair and reinforcement effects are obtained. Although it is possible, in order to develop a sufficient repair and reinforcement effect in a relatively short period of time without being influenced by environmental conditions, polymerization is started even at 5 ° C., and a sufficient strength is developed in a relatively short time. It is important that the resin be cured. The time for curing to reach a level at which sufficient strength can be expressed can be 24 hours, but it is preferably within 6 hours and more preferably within 3 hours for more efficient construction. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of workability in the step of impregnating the anisotropic woven fabric with the resin, the resin to be used needs to have a pot life of 10 minutes or more, preferably 15 minutes or more at normal temperature. A reactive mixture that cures rapidly by the reaction mechanism of the chain reaction system in which the curing reaction proceeds immediately after the start is preferable. The most preferred reactive mixture is a reactive mixture that has a pot life of 30 minutes or more at room temperature and that cures to a level that develops sufficient strength within 3 hours.
[0020]
Examples of reactive mixtures that satisfy such conditions include so-called acrylic resins, vinyl ester resins, and unsaturated polyester resins, but are not necessarily limited thereto. As a particularly preferable reactive mixture, there can be exemplified an acrylic resin mainly composed of at least one (meth) acrylate monomer and a reactive oligomer having at least one (meth) acryl group in the molecule.
[0021]
(Meth) acrylate monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, 2- Monomers that are usually used in acrylic resins, such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylic acid, and allyl (meth) acrylate, can be used as they are. Naturally, polyfunctional monomers having two or more (meth) acryl groups in the molecule such as ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate can also be used. Of course, these acrylic monomers may be used in combination of two or more if necessary.
[0022]
The reactive oligomer having at least one (meth) acrylic group in the molecule includes a relatively low molecular weight (meth) acrylate copolymer, styrene copolymer or styrene / acrylonitrile copolymer at the end ( In addition to so-called macromonomers to which a (meth) acryl group has been added, polyester poly (meth) acrylate, phthalic acid obtained by reaction of polybasic acids such as phthalic acid and adipic acid with polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and butanediol, Allyl obtained by reaction of polybasic acid such as adipic acid, polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol and butanediol, allyl ether group-containing alcohol such as trimethylolpropane diallyl ether and pentaerythritol triallyl ether, and (meth) acrylic acid Group-containing polyester poly (meth) ac Exemplified rate, epoxy poly (meth) acrylate obtained by reaction of epoxy resin and (meth) acrylic acid, urethane poly (meth) acrylate obtained by reaction of polyol, polyisocyanate and hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate monomer Yes, but not necessarily limited to them.
[0023]
The curing catalyst system for polymerizing these reactive mixtures is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the conditions of pot life, polymerization start temperature, and curing time, and is usually a radical at room temperature. A catalyst system used as a curing catalyst for polymerization can be used as it is. Specifically, a combination of an organic peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide or methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and a metal soap such as cobalt naphthenate or cobalt octylate or an aromatic tertiary amine such as dimethylaniline or dimethyltoluidine, so-called Although a redox catalyst system can be illustrated, it is not necessarily limited to these.
[0024]
In order to improve various properties, various additives such as reactive diluents, ultraviolet absorbers, pigments or fillers should be added within a range that does not deteriorate the curability of the resin and the mechanical properties of the cured product. Of course, there is no problem. In particular, it is often preferable to add paraffin wax for the purpose of blocking air during curing, imparting gloss to the surface of the cured product, and preventing soiling. In the present invention, paraffin wax refers to paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, and higher fatty acids such as stearic acid and 1,2-hydroxystearic acid.
[0025]
The repair and reinforcement method of the present invention is affixed to an existing building while impregnating the above-mentioned anisotropic woven fabric with a reactive mixture as a matrix resin, and is allowed to stand and harden. Prior to carrying out repair and reinforcement according to the present invention. In order to obtain a sufficient effect of repair and reinforcement, it is extremely preferable to perform the ground treatment of the existing building. For example, if the surface of the building is painted on the surface of the building, for example, remove it, treat the surface smoothly, and then use the reactive mixture used in the present invention and a material with good adhesion etc. It is sufficient to carry out by a method of smoothing the surface by filling in and polishing again if necessary.
[0026]
A typical embodiment of the repair and reinforcement method of the present invention is as follows.
(Embodiment 1)
A reactive mixture in which the curing catalyst system is uniformly mixed is first applied to a portion to be repaired and strengthened in an existing building, and an anisotropic woven fabric is applied, and then the same reactive mixture is impregnated from the opposite side and cured.
[0027]
(Embodiment 2)
A reactive mixture containing an organic peroxide and not containing a curing accelerator (liquid A) is first applied to an existing building, and an anisotropic woven fabric is pasted. It impregnates the reactive mixture (B liquid) which does not contain a substance from the opposite side, and it hardens | cures by both contacting and mixing. This method is preferably employed particularly when it is desired to ensure a sufficient pot life of the reactive mixture. Of course, liquid A and liquid B may be used in reverse.
[0028]
(Embodiment 3)
A compound that becomes a curing accelerator of the reactive mixture is attached in advance to the reinforcing fiber that becomes the warp of the anisotropic woven fabric, and the reactive mixture that does not contain the curing accelerator is impregnated from both sides at the time of construction, and contacted with the curing accelerator. By mixing, the polymerization is started and cured.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0030]
(Reference Example 1)
TEX count 22.5 (0.0225 g / m) glass fiber (tensile modulus 72.5 GPa, melting point 840 ° C., specific gravity 2.54 g / cm 3 ) And a low melting point polyamide multifilament with a total denier of 70 denier (melting point 125 ° C., specific gravity 1.08 g / cm 3 ) And 1.5 g of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (melting point of 80 ° C.) per 1000 m of twisted yarn was adhered to obtain a composite yarn to be a weft. The composite yarn has a weight per meter of about 0.03 g, and the composite ratio of the high-melting fiber and the low-melting fiber is 1: 0.8 by volume.
[0031]
As a warp, carbon fiber Pyrofil TR30G (tensile strength: 4.5 GPa, tensile elastic modulus: 235 GPa, 12,000 filaments) manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. has a fiber basis weight of 300 g / m. 2 Then, using the above composite yarn as the weft, weaving was performed so that the distance between the wefts was 5 mm to obtain an anisotropic woven fabric. Furthermore, the warp and the weft were partially bonded by passing this fabric through a pair of rolls heated to 180 ° C. to obtain the anisotropic fabric of the present invention. The resulting anisotropic woven fabric was supple and easy to handle even when handled somewhat violently without causing fiber disturbance or breakage.
[0032]
70 parts of methyl methacrylate, 2 parts of 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 25 parts of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer having a methacrylic group at the end and a number average molecular weight of 6000, 1 part of n-paraffin, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy 1 part of silane was thoroughly mixed until uniform, and finally 1 part of N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine was added and mixed to obtain a reactive mixture containing no organic peroxide.
[0033]
2 parts of benzoyl peroxide are added to and mixed with 100 parts of the reactive mixture, and the basis weight of the resin is 1000 g / m with respect to the two anisotropic woven fabrics. 2 It was impregnated to a degree and cured by leaving it at room temperature for 1 hour. A tensile test piece was prepared from the obtained composite and evaluated. Tensile strength (converted by the theoretical thickness of anisotropic fabric) converted to 100% fiber content is 390 kgf / mm 2 It was confirmed that the strength was sufficiently developed. Further, the impregnation property of the resin was very good.
[0034]
(Reference Example 2)
2 parts of benzoyl peroxide is added to and mixed with 100 parts of the same reactive mixture as in Reference Example 1, and the coating amount is 250 g / m on the anisotropic sheet coating surface of the concrete bending test piece. 2 After applying the same anisotropic fabric as in Reference Example 1, 250 g / m from the opposite side. 2 A reactive mixture of a certain degree was applied, impregnated in an anisotropic woven fabric and left as it was. The gelation time of this reactive mixture at room temperature was about 25 minutes. However, since the anisotropic fabric was easy to handle and the reactive mixture was extremely impregnated, the operation proceeded smoothly, and six test pieces were obtained. There was no difficulty because the sticking work was completed in just a few minutes. Curing was completed in about 1 hour from the mixing of the organic peroxide, and after 1 and a half hours, the adhesion to the concrete was evaluated by the Kenken method. Fracture occurred in the concrete part, and it was confirmed that sufficient adhesive strength was obtained. Next, a bending test was performed to confirm the reinforcing effect. Bending strength without reinforcement is 90 kgf / cm 2 It was 160kgf / cm by reinforcing it. 2 Improved.
[0035]
(Reference Example 3)
A test piece was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 2 except that the attaching operation to the concrete test piece was performed in an environment of 5 ° C. Even under an environment of 5 ° C., it was sufficiently cured after 2 hours, and in the adhesion test, it was confirmed that the concrete part was broken. The bending strength is 155 kgf / cm 2 It was confirmed that a sufficient reinforcing effect was exhibited even at low temperature construction.
[0036]
(Reference Examples 4-16, Comparative Examples 1-6)
Concrete specimens reinforced with anisotropic woven fabric were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the composition of the composite yarn serving as the weft and the weft spacing in the anisotropic woven fabric were different. The constitution and evaluation results of the anisotropic woven fabric are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The abbreviations and symbols in the table are as follows.
[0037]
CF: Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. carbon fiber pyrofil TR30G
The numbers in the table are CF fabric weight of anisotropic fabric
GF: Glass fiber (tensile modulus 72.5 GPa, melting point 840 ° C., specific gravity 2.54 g / cm 3 )
PA: low melting point polyamide multifilament (melting point 125 ° C., specific gravity 1.08 g / cm 3 )
PE: Low melting point polyester multifilament (melting point 130 ° C., specific gravity g / cm 3 )
PO: multifilament of low melting point polyolefin (melting point 100 ° C., specific gravity g / cm 3 )
The numbers in GF to PO in the table are the weights per unit length of each fiber used for the weft of the anisotropic fabric.
EV: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (melting point 80 ° C.)
AC: Acrylic copolymer (melting point 75 ° C)
The numbers in the table are the weight percent of the polymer compound in the composite yarn
Handleability, resin impregnation: ◎… very good, ○… good, △… somewhat poor, ×… bad
Tensile strength: kgf / mm 2 Display in units
[0038]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
Example 1
70 parts of methyl methacrylate, 2 parts of 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 25 parts of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer having a methacrylic group at the end and a number average molecular weight of 6000, 1 part of n-paraffin, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy 1 part of silane was sufficiently mixed until uniform, and finally 2 parts of N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine was added and mixed to obtain a reactive mixture A containing no organic peroxide.
[0041]
Further, 4 parts of benzoyl peroxide was added and mixed in place of 2 parts of N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine to obtain a reactive mixture B containing an organic peroxide and no curing accelerator.
[0042]
The application amount of the reactive mixture A is 250 g / m on the anisotropic sheet application surface of a concrete bending test piece. 2 After applying the same anisotropic fabric as in Reference Example 1, 250 g / m from the opposite side. 2 Reactive mixture B to the extent was applied, impregnated into an anisotropic woven fabric and left as it was. Although both the reactive mixture A and the reactive mixture B were stable at room temperature alone, the reaction proceeded rapidly after mixing and gelled in about 30 minutes. Since the reactive mixture A and B were impregnated very easily into the anisotropic fabric, the operation proceeded smoothly, and the application to the six test pieces was completed in just a few minutes, and there was no difficulty. Curing is completed in about 1 hour after impregnation with the reactive mixture B. After 1 and a half hours, the adhesion to the concrete is evaluated by Kenken-style, and the fracture occurs in the concrete part, and sufficient adhesive strength is obtained. Was confirmed. Next, a bending test was performed to confirm the reinforcing effect. Bending strength without reinforcement is 90 kgf / cm 2 However, 150kgf / cm 2 Improved.
[0043]
(Example 2)
10 parts of N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine and 20 parts of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer having a number average molecular weight of 6000 were dissolved in 70 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and mixed uniformly. By treating the same anisotropic fabric as in Reference Example 1 with this mixed solution, 1 m 2 An anisotropic woven fabric with 5 g of N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine and 10 g of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer having a number average molecular weight of 6000 was prepared.
[0044]
70 parts of methyl methacrylate, 2 parts of 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 23 parts of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer having a methacryl group at the terminal and a number average molecular weight of 6000, 1 part of n-paraffin, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy 1 part of silane was mixed well until uniform, and finally 2 parts of benzoyl peroxide was added and mixed to prepare a reactive mixture containing an organic peroxide and no curing accelerator.
[0045]
The application amount of the reactive mixture containing no curing accelerator is 250 g / m on the anisotropic sheet-coated surface of the concrete bending test specimen. 2 After applying the anisotropic fabric to which N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine is adhered, 250 g / m from the opposite side. 2 A reactive mixture of a certain degree was applied, impregnated in an anisotropic woven fabric and left as it was. The above anisotropic fabric is very easy to handle and the impregnation of the reactive mixture is very easy, so the work proceeds smoothly, and the application to the six test pieces is completed in just a few minutes and there is no difficulty. It was. Curing is completed in about 1 hour after impregnation of the reactive mixture, and after 1 and a half hours, the adhesion to the concrete is evaluated by Kenken-style, and the fracture occurs in the concrete part, and sufficient adhesive strength is obtained. confirmed. Next, the bending strength is 165 kgf / cm by performing a bending test and reinforcing. 2 It was confirmed that it has improved.
[0046]
(Reference Example 17)
Instead of n-butyl acrylate macromonomer, allyl group-containing polyester polymethacrylate obtained by reaction of phthalic acid, ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol triallyl ether and methacrylic acid is used, and 1 part of cobalt naphthenate is used as a curing accelerator. Except for the above, a concrete bending test piece reinforced with an anisotropic woven fabric was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 2. The gelation time of this reactive mixture at room temperature was about 30 minutes, and there was no difficulty in the application of the anisotropic woven fabric. The bending strength of the test piece reinforced with anisotropic fabric is 160 kgf / cm. 2 It was confirmed that the reinforcing effect was sufficiently developed.
[0047]
(Reference Example 18)
In place of the allyl group-containing polyester polymethacrylate, an epoxy equivalent of 190 g / eq. A concrete bending test piece reinforced with an anisotropic woven fabric was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Example 17 except that the epoxy polymethacrylate obtained by the reaction of the epoxy resin and methacrylic acid was used. The gelation time of this reactive mixture at room temperature was about 35 minutes, and there was no difficulty in attaching the anisotropic fabric. Moreover, the bending strength of the test piece reinforced with the anisotropic fabric is 155 kgf / cm. 2 It was confirmed that the reinforcing effect was sufficiently developed.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
The method of repairing and reinforcing a building according to the present invention can be applied even in low temperatures or in adverse environments such as rainy weather, and can exhibit an excellent repair and reinforcing effect in a short time.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03804896A JP3779764B2 (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1996-02-26 | How to repair and reinforce structures |
| EP96935523A EP0859085B1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Method of repairing/reinforcing existing structures and anisotropic woven fabrics used therefor |
| CA002399416A CA2399416C (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Repair and reinforcement method for preexisting structures and an anisotropic textile used therefor |
| US09/065,098 US6387479B1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Method of repairing/reinforcing existing structures and anisotropic woven fabrics used therefor |
| DE1996634488 DE69634488T2 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | METHOD FOR REPAIRING OR REINFORCING EXISTING STRUCTURES AND ANISOTROPIC FABRIC THEREFOR |
| CA002236035A CA2236035C (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Repair and reinforcement method for preexisting structures and an anisotropic textile used therefor |
| PCT/JP1996/003208 WO1997016602A1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Method of repairing/reinforcing existing structures and anisotropic woven fabrics used therefor |
| KR10-1998-0703190A KR100367039B1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-11-01 | Repair method of existing structures and anisotropic fabrics used here |
| TW085113943A TW332235B (en) | 1996-02-20 | 1996-11-14 | Method of mending or reinforcing existing construction and the anisotropic texture used therein |
| US09/759,328 US20010004492A1 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 2001-01-16 | Repair and reinforcement method for preexisting structures and an anisotropic textile used therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03804896A JP3779764B2 (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1996-02-26 | How to repair and reinforce structures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09228186A JPH09228186A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
| JP3779764B2 true JP3779764B2 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP03804896A Expired - Lifetime JP3779764B2 (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-02-26 | How to repair and reinforce structures |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP (1) | JP3779764B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017148817A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-31 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Hot forging method and manufacturing method of hot forged product |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020026482A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2020-02-20 | デンカ株式会社 | Structure repair method using curable composition, and structure repaired therewith |
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 JP JP03804896A patent/JP3779764B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017148817A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-31 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Hot forging method and manufacturing method of hot forged product |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09228186A (en) | 1997-09-02 |
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