JP3754755B2 - Soil water retention agent - Google Patents
Soil water retention agent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3754755B2 JP3754755B2 JP14781696A JP14781696A JP3754755B2 JP 3754755 B2 JP3754755 B2 JP 3754755B2 JP 14781696 A JP14781696 A JP 14781696A JP 14781696 A JP14781696 A JP 14781696A JP 3754755 B2 JP3754755 B2 JP 3754755B2
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- temperature
- sensitive
- absorbing polymer
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/46—Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、植生土壌の改質に用いられる土壌保水剤に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来技術】
法面緑化用土壌、都市空間緑化用土壌、プランタ、鉢もの等、水の不足しがちな土壌で植物を育成する場合、土壌に保水剤を添加することは有効である。保水剤の一つに感温吸水性ポリマーがある。感温吸水性ポリマーは特定の設定温度（以下、感温点と称する）以下の温度では水を吸収膨潤し、感温点以上の温度になると収縮、排水する為、地温の変化によって水を給排水する土壌保水剤となり植生土壌用の保水剤として優れた機能を有する。
【０００３】
しかしながら感温吸水成ポリマーの原粉末で土壌に混合すると膨潤時にゲルが土壌空間を閉塞したり、膨潤にともない土面が盛り上がる等の問題がある。又、粉末での土壌への混合は作業性にも難がある。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記課題を解決しようとするものであり、作業性に優れかつ土壌に混合吸水した場合、土壌空間を閉塞することがなく、土壌の容積変化をきたすことの少ない、温度の変化によって水を給排水する土壌保水剤を得ることを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、かかる課題を解決すべく鋭意検討の結果、感温吸水性ポリマーを多孔材と複合化することによって課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち本発明は、収縮時の粒径が多孔材の空孔の径より小さい感温吸水性ポリマー粉末を、感温吸水性ポリマーの感温点以上の温度で多孔材と水に混合し、次いで温度を感温点以下に下げて感温吸水性ポリマーを膨潤させた後、余剰水を除去することにより得られる感温性吸水性ポリマーと多孔材の複合材料からなる土壌保水剤である。
【０００６】
本発明に用いられる感温吸水性ポリマーは水中で下限臨界共溶温度を有するポリマーを架橋することによって得られる。具体的にはＮ−イソプロピル（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ−ｎ−プロピル（メタ）アクリルアミド、Ｎ、Ｎージエチルアクリルアミド、アクリロイルピペリジン、アクリロイルピロリジン等のＮーアルキル置換アクリルアミドモノマーを主成分としこれに架橋性の多官能モノマーを加えて重合することによって得られる。感温点のコントロール、吸水倍率の向上率等必要に応じて他のビニルモノマーを共重合することもできる。共重合するビニルモノマーとしては、（メタ）アクリル酸及びその塩、（メタ）アクリルアミド、オーブチルアクリルアミド、ダイアセトンアクリルアミド等があげられる。
【０００７】
本発明に利用される多孔材は、耐圧強度を有する硬質材料であること、孔が連続孔であることが必要であり、具体的にはパーライト、軽石、バーミキュライト等の無機多孔体、ソバガラ、モニガラ等の植物由来の天然有機物多孔体、連続気泡型発泡スチール等の合成樹脂多孔体が利用できる。
【０００８】
感温吸水性ポリマーの粒径は非膨潤状態で多孔材の孔径より小さいことが必要である。感温吸水性ポリマーの非膨潤状態での粒径が多孔材の孔径より大きいと多孔材の孔の中に入らず複合化の意味をなさないのみならず、多孔材の孔を塞いで土壌にとって無意味な空間を生ずることになる。実際には多孔材、感温吸水性ポリマーとも孔径分布、粒径分布を有するため厳密な定量的定義は難しいがおおむね感温吸水性ポリマー非膨潤時の平均粒径が多孔材の平均孔径の１／３以下が適当である。例えば、多孔体として平均孔径１００μｍの真珠岩パーライトを用いる場合は３３μｍ以下の粒径の感温吸水性ポリマーを用いる。
【０００９】
この様な粒径の感温吸水性ポリマーを感温点以上の温度（非膨潤状態）で水の存在下、多孔材と混合すると感温吸水性ポリマーは水と共に多孔材の孔中に侵入する。この際に使用する水の量は特に限定しないが感温吸水性ポリマーの５０〜５００倍で多孔材の全孔容積の１〜２倍が好ましい。混合後、温度を感温吸水性ポリマーの感温点以下に下げることにより感温吸水性ポリマーは膨潤し、粒径が４〜６倍となると同時に接粘着性を生じ多孔材からの脱着しにくくなる。この様にして得られた複合体から濾過等により物理的に余剰水を除去することで目的とする土壌保水剤が得られる。
【００１０】
本発明の土壌保水剤は低温度時に高い保水量を示し、感温点以上ではその大半を植物の利用可能な水として排出する。別の表現をすると土中に混合した場合、ほぼ感温吸水性ポリマーの理論吸水量の保水量増加を示す。又、土壌の空間部を閉塞したり土壌の容積変化を起こすこともない。さらにこの土壌保水剤は水に溶けた肥料成分も保持排水する為、肥料の有効利用率も向上する。以下実施例をもって本発明を具体的に説明する。
【００１１】
【実施例】
実施例１ 土壌保水剤（感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料）の製法
粒径２０μｍ以下の感温吸水性ポリマー（Ｎ−イソプロピルアクリルアミドを主成分とする重合架橋体；感温点３０℃）１０ｇを４０℃の温水２ιに分散させた。これを真珠岩パーライト（平均孔径１００μｍ）を１ι入れた容器中に攪拌しながら注ぎ込み、その後系の温度を２０℃まで冷却し２時間放置した。固形分を濾過分取乾燥し、感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料を１ι得た。
【００１２】
実施例２ 保水量の測定
底抜きコックのついた円筒容器に実施例１で製造した感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料を３００ｃｃ（６５ｇ）まで満たし、これに２０℃の水５００ｃｃを加え１時間放置した。この間、複合材料の表面の上昇はなく容積の増加はほとんど認められなかった。次いで底抜きコックを開け水を排水し一夜放置した後重量を測定したところ２４０ｇであった。保水量は１７５ｇ／３００ｃｃ（５８０ｇ／ι）であった。
【００１３】
比較例１
感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料に代え、パーライト単体を用いた以外は実施例２と同様なテストを行った。その結果、保水量は１８０ｇ／３００ｃｃ（３８３ｇ／ι）であった。
【００１４】
比較例２
感温吸水性ポリマーとして粒径１００〜５００μｍのＮ−イソプロピルアクリルアミドを主成分とする重合架橋体（感温点３０℃）３ｇ、多孔材として真珠岩パーライト（平均孔径１００μｍ）３００ｃｃとした以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料を得た。得られた複合材料を用い実施例２と同様のテストを行ったところ、２０℃の水５００ｃｃ中で吸水させたところで複合材料の表面が上昇し容積が８０ｃｃ増加したことが確認された。また排水後一夜放置した後の重量増加は２２０ｇであった（保水量５１７ｇ／ι）。
【００１５】
実施例３ 土壌への混合試験
乾燥した黒土５００ｃｃ（３５０ｇ）に実施例１で得られた感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料５００ｃｃ（１０５ｇ）を混合した。これを底抜きコックのついた容器に入れ、水１ιを加え２時間放置した後、底抜きコックを開け余剰水を排水した。この段階での土壌全重量は８８０ｇで含水量は４２５ｇ／ιであった。この時容器は１０００ｃｃで変化しなかった。次に環境温度を３５℃に上げ５時間底抜きより排出される水を補足し、その重量を求めた。排出された水の重量は１６５ｇであった。
【００１６】
比較例３
実施例３の黒土と感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料を混合したものの代わりに、黒土１ι（７００ｇ）に実施例１で用いた感温吸水性ポリマー５ｇを入れ混合したものを用いる以外は、実施例３と同様の試験を行った。全土壌重量は１０５０ｇで保水量は３５０ｇ／ιであった。この時点で土壌の容積は１１２０ｃｃに増加した。昇温度の排水量は９０ｇであった。
【００１７】
比較例４
実施例３の黒土と感温吸水性ポリマー／パーライト複合材料を混合したものの代わりに、黒土１ι（７００ｇ）を単独で用いた以外は、実施例３と同様の試験を行った。保水量は２６０ｇ／ιで昇温度の排水は認められなかった。
【００１８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の土壌保水剤は、大きな保水力を有し、かつ、温度変化に対応して水を給排水するすぐれた特性を持ちながら、給排水時の容積変化がほとんどなく、湿潤時土壌を閉塞したり、乾燥時ひび割れを生じたりする欠点のない優れた土壌保水剤であり、植生分野の土壌の水管理を大幅に省力できる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a soil water retention agent used for reforming vegetation soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When growing plants in soil that tends to lack water, such as soil for slope planting, soil for planting urban spaces, planters, pots, etc., it is effective to add a water retention agent to the soil. One water retention agent is a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer. The temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer absorbs and swells water at a temperature below a specific set temperature (hereinafter referred to as temperature-sensitive point), and shrinks and drains when the temperature is higher than the temperature-sensitive point. It has an excellent function as a water retention agent for vegetation soil.
[0003]
However, when mixed into the soil with the raw powder of the thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer, there are problems such as the gel clogging the soil space at the time of swelling and the soil surface rising with swelling. Moreover, mixing with soil with powder is difficult to work.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is excellent in workability and, when mixed and absorbed with soil, does not block the soil space and causes little change in the volume of the soil. It aims at obtaining the soil water retention agent which supplies and drains water.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve such problems, the present inventor has found that the problem can be solved by compositing a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer with a porous material, and has completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention mixes a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer powder having a particle size at shrinkage smaller than the pore size of the porous material with the porous material and water at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature-sensitive point of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer, A soil water-retaining agent composed of a composite material of a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer and a porous material obtained by removing the excess water after the temperature is lowered to a temperature-sensitive point or less to swell the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer.
[0006]
The temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer used in the present invention is obtained by crosslinking a polymer having a lower critical solution temperature in water. Specifically, N-alkyl-substituted acrylamide monomers such as N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, Nn-propyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide, acryloylpiperidine, acryloylpyrrolidine and the like are cross-linkable. It is obtained by adding a polyfunctional monomer and polymerizing. Other vinyl monomers can be copolymerized as required, such as control of the temperature sensitive point and improvement rate of water absorption. Examples of the vinyl monomer to be copolymerized include (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof, (meth) acrylamide, obutyl acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide and the like.
[0007]
The porous material used in the present invention needs to be a hard material having a pressure resistance, and the pores must be continuous pores. Specifically, inorganic porous bodies such as pearlite, pumice, and vermiculite, buckwheat, monigara Natural organic porous materials derived from plants such as synthetic resin porous materials such as open cell foamed steel can be used.
[0008]
The particle size of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer must be smaller than the pore size of the porous material in a non-swelled state. If the particle size of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer in the non-swelled state is larger than the pore size of the porous material, it does not enter the pores of the porous material and does not make sense, but also closes the pores of the porous material and prevents the soil It creates a meaningless space. Actually, since the porous material and the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer both have a pore size distribution and a particle size distribution, strict quantitative definition is difficult, but the average particle size when the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is not swollen is generally 1 of the average pore size of the porous material. / 3 or less is appropriate. For example, when nacreous pearlite having an average pore diameter of 100 μm is used as the porous body, a thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer having a particle diameter of 33 μm or less is used.
[0009]
When a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer having such a particle size is mixed with a porous material in the presence of water at a temperature higher than the temperature-sensitive point (non-swelled state), the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer penetrates into the pores of the porous material together with water. . The amount of water used at this time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 500 times that of the thermosensitive polymer and 1 to 2 times the total pore volume of the porous material. After mixing, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer swells by lowering the temperature below the temperature-sensitive point of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer, and the particle size becomes 4 to 6 times. Become. The intended soil water retention agent can be obtained by physically removing excess water from the thus obtained composite by filtration or the like.
[0010]
The soil water retention agent of the present invention exhibits a high water retention amount at low temperatures, and most of it is discharged as water that can be used by plants above the temperature sensitive point. In other words, when mixed in the soil, it shows an increase in the water retention capacity of the theoretical water absorption capacity of the thermosensitive polymer. In addition, the soil space is not blocked and the soil volume is not changed. Furthermore, since this soil water retention agent also retains and drains the fertilizer components dissolved in water, the effective utilization rate of the fertilizer is also improved. The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.
[0011]
【Example】
Example 1 Manufacturing method of soil water-retaining agent (temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material) Temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer having a particle size of 20 μm or less (polymerized crosslinked body mainly composed of N-isopropylacrylamide; temperature-sensitive point 30 ° C.) 10 g Was dispersed in 40 ° C. warm water 2ι. This was poured into a container containing 1 pearlite perlite (average pore size 100 μm) with stirring, and then the temperature of the system was cooled to 20 ° C. and left for 2 hours. The solid content was collected by filtration and dried to obtain 1 ι of a thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material.
[0012]
Example 2 Measurement of water retention amount A cylindrical container with a bottomed cock was filled with the thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material prepared in Example 1 up to 300 cc (65 g), and 500 cc of water at 20 ° C. was added thereto for 1 hour. I left it alone. During this time, there was no increase in the surface of the composite material and almost no increase in volume was observed. Next, the bottom cock was opened, the water was drained and left overnight, and the weight was measured to be 240 g. The amount of water retained was 175 g / 300 cc (580 g / ι).
[0013]
Comparative Example 1
The same test as in Example 2 was performed except that pearlite alone was used instead of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material. As a result, the water retention amount was 180 g / 300 cc (383 g / ι).
[0014]
Comparative Example 2
Except that the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer is 3 g of a crosslinked polymer (mainly temperature sensitive point 30 ° C.) 3 g of N-isopropylacrylamide having a particle diameter of 100 to 500 μm, and the porous material is pearlite pearlite (average pore diameter 100 μm) 300 cc, A temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. When the same test as in Example 2 was performed using the obtained composite material, it was confirmed that the surface of the composite material rose and the volume increased by 80 cc when absorbed in 500 cc of water at 20 ° C. The weight increase after standing overnight after drainage was 220 g (water retention amount 517 g / ι).
[0015]
Example 3 Mixing test to soil 500 cc (105 g) of the thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material obtained in Example 1 was mixed with 500 cc (350 g) of dried black clay. This was put into a container with a bottomed cock, water 1ι was added and allowed to stand for 2 hours, and then the bottomed cock was opened to drain excess water. The total soil weight at this stage was 880 g and the water content was 425 g / ι. At this time, the container did not change at 1000 cc. Next, the environmental temperature was raised to 35 ° C., and the water discharged from the bottom for 5 hours was supplemented, and the weight was determined. The weight of the discharged water was 165 g.
[0016]
Comparative Example 3
Instead of using the black clay of Example 3 mixed with the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material, a mixture of 5 g of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing polymer used in Example 1 in black clay 1ι (700 g) was used. The same test as in Example 3 was performed. The total soil weight was 1050 g and the water retention amount was 350 g / ι. At this point, the soil volume increased to 1120 cc. The amount of discharged water at the elevated temperature was 90 g.
[0017]
Comparative Example 4
A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3, except that black clay 1ι (700 g) was used alone in place of the black clay of Example 3 mixed with the thermosensitive water-absorbing polymer / pearlite composite material. The amount of water retained was 260 g / ι and no drainage at elevated temperature was observed.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
The soil water-retaining agent of the present invention has a large water-holding power and has excellent characteristics for supplying and discharging water in response to temperature changes, but has almost no volume change during supply and drainage, and clogs soil when wet. It is an excellent soil water retention agent that does not have the drawbacks of causing cracks when dry, and can greatly save the water management of soil in the vegetation field.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14781696A JP3754755B2 (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Soil water retention agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14781696A JP3754755B2 (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Soil water retention agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09302339A JPH09302339A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
| JP3754755B2 true JP3754755B2 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14781696A Expired - Fee Related JP3754755B2 (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Soil water retention agent |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3754755B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11457624B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2022-10-04 | Corbet Scientific, Llc | Adjuvant compositions for plant treatment chemicals |
| US11666048B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-06-06 | Corbet Scientific, Llc | Treatment for plants in conjunction with harvesting |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002051637A (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-19 | Kohjin Co Ltd | Planting bed |
| JP4911418B2 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-04-04 | 藤田 豊博 | Nursery and planting system using nursery |
-
1996
- 1996-05-20 JP JP14781696A patent/JP3754755B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11457624B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2022-10-04 | Corbet Scientific, Llc | Adjuvant compositions for plant treatment chemicals |
| US11666048B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-06-06 | Corbet Scientific, Llc | Treatment for plants in conjunction with harvesting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09302339A (en) | 1997-11-25 |
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