JP3749751B2

JP3749751B2 - A large traveling vehicle that can displace the horizontal angle of the two rear axles

Info

Publication number: JP3749751B2
Application number: JP5477396A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 一男目黒
Original assignee: 目黒則子
Priority date: 1996-03-12
Filing date: 1996-03-12
Publication date: 2006-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2016-03-12
Also published as: JPH09240505A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、後輪多軸の大型走行車において、ハンドルを切って前車輪を曲げたとき、これに追従して流体シリンダにより後車軸を強制的に少し回動して大型走行車の旋回性能を向上せしめる後輪二軸の横架角度を変位可能に設けた大型走行車に係るものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来より通常の四輪走行車を操舵する場合、後輪軸の向きが常に車体の進行方向に一定であるため、スムーズに旋回するために左右の前車輪のうち内側になる車輪のかじ角を外側の車輪のかじ角より常に一定の比率で深く切り込み、夫々のかじ角の延長線と後輪軸の延長線との交差点を旋回の瞬間中心として旋回するように構成した所謂アッカーマン式の操舵方式が考えられ実施されているが、この考え方は車輪はその向いている方向に進むという仮定があるため、極めて低速の場合を除いてはこの考え方は成立せず、旋回の中心は前記交差点より前方に移動していると言われている。
【０００３】
また、旋回時には前輪内側の車輪の軌跡より後輪内側の車輪の軌跡が内側に回わることになり、実際の運転上ではそれ以上に内側に回ることになり、内側の車輪がスリップしたり横滑りしたりしてスムーズに曲がれないばかりかタイヤの摩耗を早めてしまう欠点があった。
【０００４】
特に後輪多軸の大型走行車においては、ハンドルを切って左右の前車輪を曲げたとき、後輪多軸の向きが常に車体の進行方向に一定であるため、左右の前輪の夫々のかじ角をアッカーマン式のかじ角に設定したとしても、旋回の瞬間中心は作図上では前車軸Ａ若しくは後車軸Ｂのいずれかの一方の延長線上の交差点となり、いずれか他方の前車軸Ａ若しくは後車軸Ｂの延長線上の点は作図上では旋回の瞬間中心とはなり得なかったため、四輪走行車の旋回時より、より以上に旋回が難しく車輪がスリップしたり車輪の摩耗を早めてしまう欠点があった。
【０００５】
本発明は、ハンドルを切って左右の前輪を曲げたとき、これに追従して流体シリンダにより前車軸，後車軸を強制的に少し回動して大型走行車の旋回性能を向上せしめる後輪二軸の横架角度可能に設けた大型走行車を提供するものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
添付図面を参照して本発明の要旨を説明する。
【０００７】
後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車において、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと、左右の中間輪３ ' ，４ ' の中間車軸Ｂ ' と、左右の後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂとを有し、前車軸Ａは左右の後輪１，２の中心Ｏ _１を中心として左右に回動するように設けられるとともに、後車軸Ｂは左右の後輪３，４の中心Ｏ _３を中心として左右に回動するように設けられており、この前車軸Ａと中間車軸Ｂ'との間並びに前記中間車軸Ｂ'と後車軸Ｂとの間に、中間車軸Ｂ'に対して前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂを平行状態から片側の車軸間隔を拡げ、反対側の車軸間隔を狭めるか若しくはその反対に片側の車軸間隔を狭め、反対側の車軸間隔を拡げるかのいずれかに作動せしめる車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒを設け、ハンドルを切った際、前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂは互いに反対方向に回動するように構成されていることを特徴とする後輪二軸の横架角度を変位可能に設けた大型走行車に係るものである。
【０００８】
また、四個の流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄで前記車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒを構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の後輪二軸の横架角度を変位可能に設けた大型走行車に係るものである。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を作用効果を示して実施の一例である図面に基づいて説明する。
【００１０】
本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
【００１１】
後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと中間軸３'，４'の中間車軸Ｂとの間並びに中間車軸Ｂ'と後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂとの間に車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒを設けたので、後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車を走行せしめて、例えばハンドルを右に切ると、このハンドルの動きに追従して車軸間隔調整機構６Ｌ，６Ｒが作動して中間車軸Ｂ'に対して前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂが平行な状態から、図７のように左側の後輪１と左側の中間輪３'の車軸間隔が少し拡がり右側の後輪２と右側の中間輪４'の車軸関係が少し狭まり、左側の中間輪３'と左側の後輪３の車軸間隔が少し拡がり右側の中間輪４'と右側の後輪４の車軸関係が少し狭まり、左右の前輪９,10の夫々のかじ角α，βの延長線と、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａの延長線と、左右の中間輪３'，４'の中間軸Ｂ'の延長線と、左右の後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂの延長線とが作図上でほぼ一点で交差し、この交差点が後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の旋回のほぼ瞬間中心として本大型走行車を右の方に旋回せしめようとするので、従来型のこの種の大型走行車に比し容易に後輪三軸タイプの本大型走行車を右に旋回することができる。
【００１２】
逆にハンドルを左に切ると、前記とは逆に作動して前記と同様の理により従来型の大型走行車に比し容易に本大型走行車を左に旋回することができる。
【００１３】
【実施例】
後輪二軸タイプの大型走行車において、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと左右の後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂとの間に前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂとが平行な状態から片側の車軸間隔を拡げ、反対側の車軸間隔を狭めるか若しくはその反対に片側の車軸間隔を狭め、反対側の車軸間隔を拡げるかのいずれかに作動せしめる車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒを設けたことを特徴とする後輪二軸の横架角度を変位可能に設ける。
【００１４】
また、二個の流体シリンダａ，ｂを左右に配設するか若しくは四個の流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄを二個ずつ前後背中合わせにして左右に配設して車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒを形成し、流体シリンダａ，ｂ若しくは流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄに突設したシリンダロッドの先端を前車軸Ａ若しくは前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂの左右に押し引き自在に連結して前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂとの間隔を調整するように設ける。
【００１５】
図１〜５において符号12は左右のサイドフレーム，13はサイドフレーム12・12の下面に夫々スペーサ台12'を介して左右に横設した懸架バネ保持軸，14は懸架バネ，15は懸架バネ保持軸13の両端部に回動不能に嵌入し懸架バネ14を懸架バネ保持軸13に保持せしめる保持体，16はＵボルト，17はバネ押さえ，18は前車軸Ａを支承するデフ，18'は後車軸Ｂを支承するハウジングケース，19はスプリングシート，20はスプリングシート19をデフ18に止着するデフの筒部，20'はスプリングシート19をハウジングケース18'に止着するハウジングケースの筒部である。
【００１６】
車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒの実施例について説明する。
【００１７】
前車軸Ａの巾方向の中心のデフ18上に回動軸24を立設し、この回動軸24の上端部を左右のサイドフレーム12・12間に横架した前車軸用横架梁25に穿孔したスライド孔に遊嵌してデフ18を前車軸用横架梁25に対して左右回動，上下摺動可能に設けて前車軸Ａが左右の後輪１・２の中心Ｏ_１を中心として左右に回動するように設ける。
【００１８】
前記回動軸24の基部に回動ボス26を図３のように回動自在に被嵌し、この回動ボス26の上方の回動軸24に切り込み溝部を設けてこの溝部に二つ割りのスラストリング27を被嵌し、このスラストリング27の上方の切り込み溝部内にスナップリング28を被嵌して回動ボス26を回動軸24に回動自在にして上下動不能に設け、この回動ボス26に二枚構成のトルクロッド用ブラケット32を後方に突設する。
【００１９】
前記懸架バネ支承軸13の軸方向の中心にトルクロッド支承軸29を立設し、このトルクロッド支承軸29の前後に二枚構成のブラケット30を突設し、懸架バネ保持軸13の左右のサイドフレーム12・12寄りの下部に流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄのシリンダ端部を支承する支承ブラケット31を前後に突設する。
【００２０】
二個の流体シリンダａ，ｂを左右に配設した場合の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒについて説明する。
【００２１】
前記ブラケット30・トルクロッド用ブラケット32間に両端が球面ジョイント形状のトルクロッド35を架設し、左右の前部の支承ブラケット31の対向位置の左右のデフの筒部20寄りにシリンダロッドの先端部を支承する二枚構成のシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36を設け、この左右のシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36・支承ブラケット31間に両端球面ジョイント形状の流体シリンダａ，ｂを架設してトルクロッド35，左右の流体シリンダａ，ｂとでデフ18を懸架し、後輪二軸の大型走行車が走行中に路面より衝撃を受けて左右の後輪１，２が上下動し前車軸Ａが上下動したとき左右の懸架バネ14でこの衝撃を吸収し懸架バネ14と共同してトルクロッド35，左右の流体シリンダａ，ｂによりデフ18の上下左右動を規制するように設け、後輪二軸の大型走行車のエンジンよりの動力をデフ18に伝達するプロペラシャフト（図示省略）の両端部に、駆動される軸の角度が変化しても回転力をむらなく伝達できる等速ジョイント37を介在せしめて動力がスムーズに伝達できるように設けて流体シリンダａ，ｂ用の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒを形成する。
【００２２】
二個の流体シリンダａ，ｂを左右に配設した場合の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒの実施例を上記のように構成したので、大型走行車を走行せしめて例えばハンドルを右に切ると、このハンドルの動きに追従して車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒが作動して左の流体シリンダａのシリンダロッドが少し伸び右の流体シリンダｂのシリンダロッドが少し縮んで、デフ18が回動軸24を軸芯として時計方向に少し回動し、左側の後輪１，３の車軸間隔が少し拡がり右側の後輪２，４の車軸間隔が少し狭まり、左右の前輪９，10のかじ角α，βの延長線と、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと左右の後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂの延長線とが作図上で一点で交差するよう作動せしめ、この交差点が後輪二軸タイプの大型走行車の旋回のほぼ瞬間中心として本大型走行車を旋回せしめるように設ける。このときデフ18の左右の筒部20に止着したスプリングシート19の上面が左右の懸架バネ14の下面を摺動しながら少し回動してデフ18を支承し、回動軸24に軸着した回動ボス26がトルクロッド35によりデフ18を支承するので、デフ18は左右の懸架バネ14とトルクロッド35，左右の流体シリンダａ，ｂの共同作業で車体に支承される。
【００２３】
また、ハンドルを左に切った場合には前記と逆に作動する。
【００２４】
次に流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄを二個ずつ前後背中合わせにして左右に配設した場合の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒについて説明する。
【００２５】
前記と同様後車軸Ｂを支承するハウジングケース18'の後輪３・４の中心Ｏ_２に前記と同様回動軸24を立設し、この回動軸24の上部端を左右のサイドフレーム12・12間に横架した後車軸用横架梁25'に遊嵌し、この回動軸24に前記と同様トルクロッド用ブラケット32を突設した回動ボス26を被嵌し、回動軸24にスラストリング27，スナップリング28を設けて後車軸Ｂが回動軸24を軸として後車軸用横架梁25'に対して左右回動，上下摺動可能に設け、懸架バネ支承軸13の後方のブラケット30・ハウジングケース18'のトルクロッド用ブラケット32間に前記と同様両端が球面形状のトルクロッド35を架設し、懸架バネ保持軸13の左右後部の支承ブラケット31の対向位置の左右のハウジングケース18'の筒部20'寄りにシリンダロッドの先端部を支承するシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36を設け、この左右のシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36・支承ブラケット31間に両端球面ジョイント形状の流体シリンダｃ，ｄを架設して前記流体シリンダａ，ｂ用の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒと合わせて車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒを形成する。
【００２６】
四個の流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄを二個ずつ前後背中合わせにして左右に配設した場合の車軸間隔調整装置５Ｒ，５Ｌの実施例を上記のように構成したので、後輪二軸タイプの大型走行車を走行せしめて、例えばハンドルを右に切ると、このハンドルの動きに追従して車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒが作動して左の流体シリンダａ，流体シリンダｃのシリンダロットが少し伸び右の流体シリンダｂ，ｄのシリンダロットが少し縮んで、デフ18，ハウジングケース18'がトルクロッド35との架設位置をそのままの状態に維持しながら左右の後輪１・２の中心Ｏ_１及び左右の車輪３・４の中心Ｏ_２の回動軸24・24を軸として前後左右のスプリングシート19，19，19，19の上面が左右の懸架バネ14・14の前後・左右の下面を摺動しながら前車軸Ａが時計方向に，後車軸Ｂが反時計方向に少し回動して左側の後輪１，３の車軸間隔が少し拡がり右側の後輪２，３の車軸間隔が少し狭まり、左右の前輪９，10のかじ角α，βの延長線と、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと左右の後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂの延長線とが作図上で一点で交差するよう作動せしめ、この交差点が後輪二軸タイプの大型走行車の旋回のほぼ瞬間中心として旋回するように設けて、従来型のこの種の大型走行車に比較し本大型走行車の右方向の旋回を容易ならしめる。
【００２７】
逆にハンドルを左に切ると前記作動が逆になり従来型の大型走行車に比較し本大型走行車の左方向の旋回が容易となる。
【００２８】
本実施例について説明する。
【００２９】
後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車において、後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと中間輪３'，４'の中間車軸Ｂ'との間並びに前記中間車軸Ｂ'と後輪３，４の後車軸Ｂとの間に、中間車軸Ｂ'に対して前車軸Ａと後車軸Ｂを平行状態から片側の車軸間隔を拡げ、反対側の車軸間隔を狭めるか若しくはその反対に片側の車軸間隔を狭め、反対側の車軸間隔を拡げるかのいずれかに作動せしめる車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒを設ける。
【００３０】
車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ・６Ｒについて説明する。
【００３１】
図６，７において、前車軸Ａの構成及び中間軸Ｂ'の構成は請求項２の流体シリンダａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄを二個ずつ前後背中合わせにして配設した場合の実施例のうち、後車軸Ｂ(請求項３の場合は中間軸Ｂ'，以下請求項３の実施例の説明に限り中間軸Ｂ'と称す)のハウジングケース18'に回動軸24の代わりに支承軸24'を立設し、懸架バネ保持軸13の後部左右に設けた支承ブラケット31と中間車軸Ｂ'のハウジングケース18'に設けたシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36間に流体シリンダｃ，ｄの代わりに両端球面ジョイント形状のトルクロッド35'を架設し、懸架バネ保持軸13に付設したブラケット30・支承軸24'に付設したトルクロッド用ブラケット32間に前記と同様トルクロッド35を架設し、中間車軸Ｂ'をハウジングケース18'を介して懸架バネ14の後端部，上部のトルクロッド35，左右のトルクロッド35'により懸架して上下動可能に設ける。
【００３２】
また、中間車軸Ｂ'と後車軸Ｂ（請求項３の）との間に左右のサイドフレーム12下面に夫々スペーサ台12'を介して左右に懸架バネ保持軸13’を横設し、この懸架バネ保持軸13'の左右端部の上面に片持式の懸架板バネ14'の基部をＵボルト16にて固定し、前記後車軸Ｂのハウジングケース18"の両端部の筒部20"にスプリングシート19を止着してこのスプリングシート19の上部に前記懸架板バネ14'の他端部の下面を当接せしめて後車軸Ｂの衝撃荷重を支承するように設ける。前記懸架バネ保持軸13'の左右の筒部20"寄りに夫々前記と同様シリンダロッド支承ブラケット31を設け、懸架バネ保持軸13'の車巾方向中心にブラケット30を後方に向けて突設したトルクロッド支承軸29'を立設する。
【００３３】
後車軸Ｂを支承するハウジングケース18"に前記と同様後輪３・４の中心Ｏ_３に回動ボス26を被嵌した回動軸24を立設し、この回動軸24の上端部をフレーム12，12間に横架した後車軸用横架梁25"に遊嵌し、懸架バネ保持軸13'の左右に設けた支承ブラケット31・ハウジングケース18"の左右に設けたシリンダロッド支承ブラケット36間に両端球面形状の流体シリンダｃ，ｄを架設し、支承軸29'に設けたブラケット30・回動ボス26に設けたトルクロッド用ブラケット32間に前記と同様両端球面形状のトルクロッド35を架設し、後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車が走行中に路面よりの衝撃を受けたとき、前車軸Ａは懸架バネ14，トルクロッド35，左右の流体シリンダａ，ｂで，中間車軸Ｂ'は懸架バネ14，トルクロッド35，左右のトルクロッド35'で，後車軸Ｂは懸架板バネ14'，トルクロッド35，左右の流体シリンダｃ，ｄで支承して衝撃を吸収するように設ける。
【００３４】
車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒの実施例を上記のように構成したので、大型走行車を走行せしめて例えばハンドルを右に切ると、このハンドルの動きに追従して車軸間隔調整装置６Ｌ，６Ｒが作動して左の流体シリンダａ，流体シリンダｃのシリンダロッドが少し伸び右の流体シリンダｂ，ｄのシリンダロッドが少し縮んで、デフ18，ハウジングケース18"がトルクロッド35，35との架設位置をそのままの状態に維持しながら左右の後輪１，２の中心Ｏ_１及び左右の後輪３，４の中心Ｏ_３の回動軸24，24を軸としてデフ18の左右のスプリングシート19，19及びハウジングケース18"の左右のスプリングシート19，19の上面が左右の懸架バネ14の前端部及び懸架板バネ14'の後端部の下面を摺動しながら前車軸Ａが時計方向に，後車軸Ｂが反時計方向に少し回動して左側の後輪１，３の車軸間隔が少し拡がり，右側の後輪３，４の車軸間隔が少し狭まり、左右の前輪９，10のかじ角α，βの延長線上と、左右の後輪１，２の前車軸Ａと左右の後輪３，４の後車輪Ｂの延長線とが作図上で一点で交差するように作動せしめ、この交差点が後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の旋回のほぼ瞬間中心として本大型走行車を走行せしめるようとするので従来型の後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車に比し本後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の右方向の旋回が容易となる。
【００３５】
逆にハンドルを左に切ると前記作動が逆になり従来型の大型走行車に比較し本大型走行車の左方向の旋回が容易となる。
【００３６】
また、前輪９，10のかじ角と前車軸Ａ，後車軸Ｂの傾きの方向を同じにした同位相操舵の場合には大型走行車の車寄せが容易になる。
【００３７】
また、車軸間隔調整装置５Ｌ，５Ｒ及び６Ｌ，６Ｒの作動は、大型走行車の車速とハンドルの切り具合に合わせてコンピュータにより計算して作動するよう設けることが望ましい。
【００３８】
【発明の効果】
本発明の実施例を上記のように構成したので、後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車において、前車軸と中間車軸との間並びに中間車軸と後車軸との間に、中間車軸に対して前車軸と後車軸を平行状態から片側の車軸間隔を拡げ反対側の車軸間隔を狭めるか、若しくはその反対に片側の車軸間隔を狭め反対側の車軸間隔を拡げるかいずれかに作動せしめる車軸間隔調整装置を設けたので、ハンドルを切って前車輪を曲げたとき、これに追従して車軸間隔調整装置が前車軸を左右の前輪と同方向に、後車軸を前車軸に対して逆位相に少し回動して後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の旋回の瞬間中心をつくり出すので、従来のこの種の大型走行車に比し旋回が容易となる操舵性の良い後輪三軸タイプの大型走行車の後輪二軸の横架角度を変位可能に設けた大型走行車となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】四個の流体シリンダを二個ずつ背中合わせにして左右に配設した場合の車軸間隔調整装置の構造を示す一部を省略した側面図である。
【図２】上記の一部を省略した平面図である。
【図３】本発明のデフ、ハウジングケース上に立設した回動軸と回動ボスの旋回手段を示す側断面図である。
【図４】二個の流体シリンダを左右に配設し、車軸間隔調整装置を作動せしめたときの実施例の作用を示す平面図であって、(イ)は作動前，(ロ)は作動中の左右の前輪と前車軸・後車軸の旋回の動きを示す模式的説明図である。
【図５】四個の流体シリンダを二個ずつ前後・背中合わせにして左右に配設し、車軸間隔調整装置を作動せしめたときの実施例の作用を示す平面図であって、(イ)は作動前，(ロ)は作動中の左右の前輪と前車軸・後車軸の旋回の動きを示す模式的説明図である。
【図６】本発明の実施例の車軸間隔調整装置の構造を示す一部を省略した側面図である。
【図７】本発明の左右の前輪と前車軸，後車軸の旋回の動きを示す模式的説明用平面図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ前車軸
Ｂ後車軸
Ｂ' 中間車軸
ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ流体シリンダ
１後輪
２後輪
３後輪
４後輪
５Ｌ，５Ｒ車軸間隔調整装置
６Ｌ，６Ｒ車軸間隔調整装置
Ｏ _１，Ｏ _３中心 [0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a large traveling vehicle of a rear wheel multi-axis, when the steering wheel is turned and the front wheel is bent, the rear axle is forcibly rotated a little by a fluid cylinder following this and the turning performance of the large traveling vehicle. The present invention relates to a large-sized traveling vehicle in which the lateral angle of the two rear wheel shafts that can improve the vehicle is displaceable.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
When steering a normal four-wheeled vehicle from the past, the direction of the rear wheel shaft is always constant in the direction of travel of the vehicle body, so the steering angle of the inner wheel of the left and right front wheels is outside to make a smooth turn A so-called Ackermann-type steering system is considered, in which the wheel is always cut deeper than the steering angle of the wheel at a constant ratio, and the vehicle is turned around the intersection of the extension line of each steering angle and the extension line of the rear wheel shaft. However, this concept is based on the assumption that the wheel will travel in the direction it is facing, so this concept does not hold except for extremely low speeds, and the center of turn moves forward from the intersection. It is said that you are doing.
[0003]
Also, when turning, the trajectory of the inner wheel of the rear wheel turns inward from the trajectory of the inner wheel of the front wheel, and in actual driving, the trajectory of the inner wheel turns further inward, and the inner wheel slips or skids. As a result, the tire cannot be bent smoothly, and it has the disadvantage of accelerating tire wear.
[0004]
Especially in the case of a large multi-axle vehicle with rear wheels, when the left and right front wheels are bent with the steering wheel turned, the direction of the multi-axes of the rear wheels is always constant in the traveling direction of the vehicle body. Even if the angle is set to an Ackermann type steering angle, the instantaneous turning center is the intersection on the extension line of either the front axle A or the rear axle B on the drawing, and the other front axle A or rear axle Since the point on the extension line B could not be the center of the moment of turning on the drawing, there is a drawback that turning is more difficult than when turning a four-wheeled vehicle, causing the wheels to slip or accelerate the wear of the wheels. there were.
[0005]
According to the present invention, when the left and right front wheels are bent by turning the handle, the front and rear axles are forcibly rotated a little by the fluid cylinder following this to improve the turning performance of the large traveling vehicle. The present invention provides a large traveling vehicle provided so that the shaft can be horizontally mounted.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0007]
In a rear-wheel three-axis type large traveling vehicle, the front axle A of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2, the intermediate axle B ' of the left and right intermediate wheels 3 ' and 4 ' , and the rear axle of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4 B, and the front axle A is provided to rotate left and right about the center O ₁ of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2 , and the rear axle B is the center O ₃ of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4. the provided so as to rotate to the left and right around, between the rear axle B 'and between the intermediate axle B between' this front axle a and the inter-axle medium B, the intermediate axle B ' Operate either front axle A and rear axle B in parallel from one side to widen the axle distance on one side and narrow the axle distance on the opposite side, or conversely to narrow the axle distance on one side and widen the axle distance on the opposite side axle spacing device 6L which allowed to, provided 6R, when turned the steering wheel, front axle a and the rear axle B is round in opposite directions It relates to a large-sized vehicle that the lateral bridging angle of wheels biaxially provided displaceably after, characterized in that is configured to.
[0008]
Further, the axle distance adjusting devices 6L and 6R are configured by four fluid cylinders a, b, c, and d . It relates to large traveling vehicles.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings which are examples of the implementation showing the effects.
[0010]
Embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0011]
Between the front axle A of the rear wheels 1 and 2 of the rear wheel triaxial type large traveling vehicle and the intermediate axle B of the intermediate shafts 3 ′ and 4 ′, and between the intermediate axle B ′ and the rear axle B of the rear wheels 3 and 4 Since the axle distance adjusting devices 6L and 6R are provided between the two wheels, when the rear wheel triaxial type large traveling vehicle is run and, for example, the handle is turned to the right, the axle distance adjusting mechanism 6L follows the movement of the handle. , 6R is actuated so that the front axle A and the rear axle B are parallel to the intermediate axle B ′, so that the axle distance between the left rear wheel 1 and the left intermediate wheel 3 ′ is slightly increased as shown in FIG. The axle relationship between the rear wheel 2 and the right intermediate wheel 4 ′ is slightly narrowed, the axle distance between the left intermediate wheel 3 ′ and the left rear wheel 3 is slightly widened, and the axle between the right intermediate wheel 4 ′ and the right rear wheel 4. The relationship is slightly narrowed, the extension lines of the steering angles α and β of the left and right front wheels 9 and 10, the extension line of the front axle A of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2, The extension line of the intermediate shaft B 'of the wheels 3' and 4 'and the extension line of the rear axle B of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4 intersect at almost one point on the drawing, and this intersection is the rear wheel triaxial type. As this large traveling vehicle tries to turn to the right as an almost instantaneous center of turning of the large traveling vehicle, this large traveling vehicle of the rear wheel triaxial type is easier than this type of large traveling vehicle of this type. Can turn right.
[0012]
On the contrary, when the steering wheel is turned to the left, it operates in the opposite manner, and the large traveling vehicle can be turned to the left more easily than the conventional large traveling vehicle by the same reason as described above.
[0013]
【Example】
In the rear wheel two-shaft type large traveling vehicle, the front axle A and the rear axle B are parallel between the front axle A of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2 and the rear axle B of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4. Axle spacing adjustment devices 5L and 5R are provided which operate to either widen the axle spacing on one side and narrow the axle spacing on the opposite side, or on the other hand, narrow the axle spacing on the other side and widen the axle spacing on the opposite side. The horizontal angle of the two rear wheel axes characterized by the above is provided so as to be displaceable.
[0014]
Further, two fluid cylinders a and b are arranged on the left and right sides, or four fluid cylinders a, b, c and d are arranged on the left and right side by back and forth, and the axle distance adjusting device 5L, 5R is formed, and the tip of the cylinder rod protruding from the fluid cylinder a, b or the fluid cylinder a, b, c, d is connected to the front axle A or the front axle A and the rear axle B so as to be pushed and pulled freely. It is provided so as to adjust the distance between the front axle A and the rear axle B.
[0015]
1 to 5, reference numeral 12 denotes left and right side frames, 13 denotes a suspension spring holding shaft horizontally disposed on the lower surface of the side frames 12 and 12 via spacer bases 12 ′, 14 denotes a suspension spring, and 15 denotes a suspension spring. A holding body that non-rotatably fits at both ends of the holding shaft 13 and holds the suspension spring 14 on the suspension spring holding shaft 13, 16 is a U bolt, 17 is a spring retainer, 18 is a differential that supports the front axle A, 18 ' Is a housing case for supporting the rear axle B, 19 is a spring seat, 20 is a tubular portion of the differential for fixing the spring seat 19 to the differential 18, and 20 'is a housing case for fixing the spring seat 19 to the housing case 18'. It is a cylinder part.
[0016]
Examples of the axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R will be described.
[0017]
A rotating shaft 24 is erected on the differential 18 at the center in the width direction of the front axle A, and the front axle horizontal beam 25 is installed with the upper end of the rotating shaft 24 horizontally mounted between the left and right side frames 12 and 12. The diff 18 is pivotably fitted to the front axle horizontal beam 25 and is slidable in the vertical direction so that the front axle A has the center O ₁ of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2. It is provided so as to rotate left and right as the center.
[0018]
A rotating boss 26 is rotatably fitted on the base of the rotating shaft 24 as shown in FIG. 3, and a notch groove is provided in the rotating shaft 24 above the rotating boss 26. The ring 27 is fitted, and the snap ring 28 is fitted in the cut groove portion above the thrust ring 27 so that the rotating boss 26 is rotatable on the rotating shaft 24 so that it cannot move up and down. A two-rod torque rod bracket 32 is provided on the boss 26 so as to protrude rearward.
[0019]
A torque rod support shaft 29 is erected at the center of the suspension spring support shaft 13 in the axial direction, and two brackets 30 are provided in front of and behind the torque rod support shaft 29 so that the left and right sides of the suspension spring holding shaft 13 A support bracket 31 that supports the cylinder end portions of the fluid cylinders a, b, c, and d is provided in a projecting manner in the front and rear direction near the side frames 12 and 12.
[0020]
A description will be given of the axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R when two fluid cylinders a and b are arranged on the left and right.
[0021]
Between the bracket 30 and the torque rod bracket 32, a torque rod 35 having a spherical joint at both ends is erected, and the tip of the cylinder rod is positioned near the left and right differential cylinders 20 at the opposite positions of the left and right front support brackets 31. A cylinder rod support bracket 36 having a two-piece structure is provided, and fluid cylinders a and b with spherical joints on both ends are installed between the left and right cylinder rod support brackets 36 and 31 to provide torque rods 35 and left and right fluids. When the differential 18 is suspended between the cylinders a and b, the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2 move up and down and the front axle A moves up and down due to impact from the road surface while the rear wheel two-shaft large vehicle is traveling. This suspension spring 14 absorbs this shock and cooperates with the suspension spring 14 so that the torque rod 35 and the left and right fluid cylinders a and b regulate the vertical and horizontal movement of the differential 18 so that the rear wheel two-shaft large traveling vehicle Power is transmitted through constant velocity joints 37 that can transmit the rotational force evenly at both ends of the propeller shaft (not shown) that transmits the power from the engine to the differential 18 even if the angle of the driven shaft changes. The axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R for the fluid cylinders a and b are formed so as to be able to transmit smoothly.
[0022]
Since the embodiment of the axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R when the two fluid cylinders a and b are arranged on the left and right are configured as described above, when a large traveling vehicle is run and, for example, the handle is turned to the right, Following the movement of the steering wheel, the axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R are actuated so that the cylinder rod of the left fluid cylinder a is slightly expanded, and the cylinder rod of the right fluid cylinder b is slightly contracted, so that the differential 18 is rotated. The axle distance between the left rear wheels 1 and 3 is slightly increased, the axle distance between the right rear wheels 2 and 4 is slightly reduced, and the left and right front wheels 9 and 10 have a steering angle α, The extension line of β and the front axle A of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2 and the extension line of the rear axle B of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4 are operated so that they intersect at one point on the drawing. Rotate this large traveling vehicle as the almost instantaneous center of turning of a two-axis large traveling vehicle Provide to rotate. At this time, the upper surface of the spring seat 19 fixed to the left and right cylindrical portions 20 of the differential 18 rotates slightly while sliding the lower surface of the left and right suspension springs 14 to support the differential 18 and is attached to the rotary shaft 24. Since the rotating boss 26 supports the differential 18 by the torque rod 35, the differential 18 is supported on the vehicle body by joint work of the left and right suspension springs 14, the torque rod 35, and the left and right fluid cylinders a and b.
[0023]
When the handle is turned to the left, the operation is reversed.
[0024]
Next the flow body cylinder a, b, c, axle clearance adjusting device 5L in the case of arranged right and left in the back to back and forth d by two, 5R will be described.
[0025]
Similar to the above, a rotating shaft 24 is erected at the center O ₂ of the rear wheels 3 and 4 of the housing case 18 ′ for supporting the rear axle B, and the upper ends of the rotating shaft 24 are connected to the left and right side frames 12. A loose boss 26 with a torque rod bracket 32 projecting from the rotary shaft 24 is fitted on the rotary shaft 24 as described above. 24 is provided with a thrust ring 27 and a snap ring 28 so that the rear axle B can be rotated left and right with respect to the rear axle horizontal beam 25 'about the rotation axis 24, and can be slid vertically. Between the bracket 30 on the rear side of the housing and the bracket 32 for the torque rod of the housing case 18 ', a torque rod 35 having a spherical shape on both ends is installed in the same manner as described above, and the opposite positions of the support bracket 31 on the left and right rear portions of the suspension spring holding shaft 13 Cylinder rod that supports the tip of the cylinder rod toward the cylindrical portion 20 'of the housing case 18' A support bracket 36 is provided, and fluid cylinders c and d having spherical joints at both ends are installed between the left and right cylinder rod support brackets 36 and the support bracket 31, and axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R for the fluid cylinders a and b are provided. In addition, axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R are formed.
[0026]
Since the embodiment of the axle distance adjusting device 5R, 5L in the case where the four fluid cylinders a, b, c, d are arranged on the left and right side by back and forth are configured as described above, the rear wheel biaxial When a large type traveling vehicle is driven and the handle is turned to the right, for example, the axle distance adjusting devices 5L and 5R are operated following the movement of the handle, and the cylinder lots of the left fluid cylinder a and fluid cylinder c are set. The cylinder lots of the right fluid cylinders b and d are slightly stretched, and the center O of the left and right rear wheels 1 and 2 is maintained while maintaining the position where the differential 18 and the housing case 18 'remain mounted on the torque rod 35. ₁ and the upper surfaces of the front and rear left and right spring seats 19, 19, 19, 19 about the pivot shafts 24 and 24 of the center O ₂ of the left and right wheels 3 and 4 are the front and rear and left and right lower surfaces of the left and right suspension springs 14 and 14, respectively. The front axle A is clockwise while sliding In addition, the rear axle B rotates slightly counterclockwise, the axle distance between the left rear wheels 1 and 3 slightly widens, the axle distance between the right rear wheels 2 and 3 slightly narrows, and the left and right front wheels 9 and 10 are closed. The extension lines of the angles α, β, the front axle A of the left and right rear wheels 1, 2 and the extension line of the rear axle B of the left and right rear wheels 3, 4 are operated so as to intersect at one point on the drawing. Is provided so that it turns about the center of the turning of the rear wheel two-shaft type large traveling vehicle, making it easier to turn the large traveling vehicle in the right direction compared to this type of large traveling vehicle.
[0027]
On the other hand, when the steering wheel is turned to the left, the above operation is reversed, and this large traveling vehicle can be easily turned in the left direction as compared with the conventional large traveling vehicle.
[0028]
This embodiment will be described.
[0029]
In a rear three-axis type large traveling vehicle, between the front axle A of the rear wheels 1 and 2 and the intermediate axle B ′ of the intermediate wheels 3 ′ and 4 ′ and the rear of the intermediate axle B ′ and the rear wheels 3 and 4 Between the axle B and the intermediate axle B ', the front axle A and the rear axle B are parallel to each other from the state where the axle distance on one side is increased and the axle distance on the opposite side is narrowed, or on the contrary, the axle distance on one side is reduced. Axle spacing adjustment devices 6L and 6R are provided which are operated to either increase the axle spacing on the opposite side.
[0030]
The axle distance adjusting devices 6L and 6R will be described.
[0031]
In FIGS. 6 and 7, the configuration of the front axle A and the configuration of the intermediate shaft B ′ are the embodiments in the case where two fluid cylinders a, b, c, d of claim 2 are arranged back and forth, Instead of the rotating shaft 24, a bearing shaft 24 'is used in the housing case 18' of the rear axle B (in the case of claim 3, the intermediate shaft B ', hereinafter referred to as the intermediate shaft B' only in the description of the embodiment of claim 3). Is installed between the support bracket 31 provided on the left and right of the rear part of the suspension spring holding shaft 13 and the cylinder rod support bracket 36 provided on the housing case 18 'of the intermediate axle B' instead of the fluid cylinders c and d. Torque rod 35 'is installed, torque rod 35 is installed between bracket 30 attached to suspension spring holding shaft 13 and torque rod bracket 32 attached to support shaft 24', and intermediate axle B ' Rear end, upper part of suspension spring 14 via housing case 18 ' Are suspended by the torque rod 35 and the left and right torque rods 35 'so as to be movable up and down.
[0032]
In addition, suspension spring holding shafts 13 'are horizontally provided between the intermediate axle B' and the rear axle B (claim 3) on the lower surfaces of the left and right side frames 12 via spacer bases 12 ', respectively. A base portion of a cantilever suspension plate spring 14 'is fixed to the upper surfaces of the left and right end portions of the spring holding shaft 13' with U bolts 16, and is attached to the cylindrical portions 20 "at both ends of the housing case 18" of the rear axle B. The spring seat 19 is fixed, and the lower surface of the other end portion of the suspension plate spring 14 'is brought into contact with the upper portion of the spring seat 19 so as to support the impact load of the rear axle B. The cylinder rod support bracket 31 is provided near the left and right cylindrical portions 20 "of the suspension spring holding shaft 13 ', respectively, and the bracket 30 is projected rearward at the center in the vehicle width direction of the suspension spring holding shaft 13'. Torque rod support shaft 29 'is erected.
[0033]
The housing case 18 rotates boss 26 at the center O ₃ of the same rear wheel 3, 4 in "for supporting the rear axle B provided upright pivot shaft 24 which is fitted, the upper end portion of the pivot shaft 24 Cylinder rod support brackets provided on the left and right of the support bracket 31 and housing case 18 "provided on the left and right of the suspension spring holding shaft 13 '. Between both ends spherical fluid cylinders c and d are installed between 36 and between the bracket 30 provided on the support shaft 29 'and the torque rod bracket 32 provided on the rotating boss 26, both end spherical torque rods 35 are the same as described above. When a rear wheel triaxial type large traveling vehicle receives an impact from the road surface during traveling, the front axle A is a suspension spring 14, a torque rod 35, left and right fluid cylinders a and b, and an intermediate axle B 'Is suspension spring 14, torque rod 35, left and right torque rod 35', rear axle B is suspension plate Ne 14 ', the torque rod 35, the left and right hydraulic cylinder c, provided to absorb shock and support d. In
[0034]
Car axis spacing device 6L, since the embodiment of 6R has the above structure, the cut and allowed to travel large vehicle to the right handle for example, the axle spacing device 6L to follow the movement of the handle, 6R Is activated, the cylinder rods of the left fluid cylinder a and fluid cylinder c are slightly extended, the cylinder rods of the right fluid cylinders b and d are slightly contracted, and the differential 18 and the housing case 18 "are installed with the torque rods 35 and 35. left and right spring seat 19 of the differential 18 a rotation axis 24, 24 of the center O ₃ of the center O ₁ and left and right rear wheels 3 and 4 of the left and right rear wheels 1,2 while maintaining position intact as an axis , 19 and the upper surface of the left and right spring seats 19, 19 of the housing case 18 "slide the front end of the left and right suspension springs 14 and the lower end of the rear end of the suspension plate spring 14 'while the front axle A is clockwise. , Rear axle B turns slightly counterclockwise As a result, the axle distance between the left rear wheels 1 and 3 is slightly increased, the axle distance between the right rear wheels 3 and 4 is slightly reduced, and the left and right rear wheels 9 and 10 are on the extension lines of the steering angles α and β. The front axle A of the wheels 1 and 2 and the extension line of the rear wheels B of the left and right rear wheels 3 and 4 are operated so that they intersect at a single point on the drawing. Since this large traveling vehicle is driven almost at the center of turning, it is easier for the rear three-wheel type large traveling vehicle to turn right than the conventional rear three-axis large traveling vehicle. Become.
[0035]
On the other hand, when the steering wheel is turned to the left, the above operation is reversed, and this large traveling vehicle can be easily turned in the left direction as compared with the conventional large traveling vehicle.
[0036]
Further, in the case of the same phase steering in which the steering angles of the front wheels 9 and 10 and the inclination directions of the front axle A and the rear axle B are made the same, it is easy to move the large traveling vehicle.
[0037]
It is desirable that the axle distance adjusting devices 5L, 5R and 6L, 6R be operated so as to be calculated and operated by a computer in accordance with the vehicle speed of the large traveling vehicle and the degree of turning of the steering wheel.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
Since the embodiment of the present invention is configured as described above, in a rear wheel three-shaft type large traveling vehicle, the front wheel is intermediate between the front axle and the intermediate axle and between the intermediate axle and the rear axle. Axle spacing adjustment device that operates by either widening the axle distance on one side and narrowing the axle distance on the opposite side from the parallel state of the axle and rear axle, or conversely narrowing the axle distance on one side and widening the axle distance on the opposite side. When the front wheel is bent with the steering wheel turned off, the axle distance adjustment device follows the front axle in the same direction as the left and right front wheels, and the rear axle slightly rotates in the opposite phase with respect to the front axle. The rear wheel 3-axis type large traveling vehicle creates the center of turning of the rear wheel 3-axis type large traveling vehicle, so that it is easier to turn than the conventional large traveling vehicle of this type and the rear wheel 3-axis type large traveling vehicle has good steering performance. Large size that can displace the horizontal angle of the two rear wheels The line car.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view with a part omitted showing the structure of an axle distance adjusting device when four fluid cylinders are arranged two by two back to back.
FIG. 2 is a plan view in which a part of the above is omitted.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing a turning shaft and a turning means of a turning boss standing on the differential and housing case of the present invention.
[Figure 4] is disposed the two fluid cylinders to the left and right, a plan view illustrating the operation of the embodiment when actuated the axle spacing device, (b) before operation, (ii) is operated It is a typical explanatory view showing the turning movement of the left and right front wheels and the front axle / rear axle.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the operation of the embodiment when four fluid cylinders are arranged two by two in front and back and back to back, and the axle distance adjusting device is operated, Before operation, (B) is a schematic explanatory view showing the turning motion of the front left and right front wheels and the front and rear axles.
6 is a side view of a part omitted showing a structure of the axle spacing device of the actual施例of the present invention.
7 is a schematic explanatory plan view showing left and right front wheel and the front axle, the movement of the pivoting of the rear axle of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
A Front axle B Rear axle B 'Intermediate axle a, b, c, d Fluid cylinder 1 Rear wheel 2 Rear wheel 3 Rear wheel 4 Rear wheel 5L, 5R Axle spacing adjustment device 6L, 6R Axle spacing adjustment device
O ₁ and O ₃ center

Claims

A rear wheel three-axis type large-sized traveling vehicle has a front axle for left and right rear wheels, an intermediate axle for left and right intermediate wheels, and a rear axle for left and right rear wheels, and the front axle is the center of the left and right rear wheels. together provided so as to rotate to the left and right about the rear axle is provided so as to rotate to the left and right about the center of the left and right rear wheels, and between the between the front axle and between the middle axle Between the intermediate axle and the rear axle, the front axle and the rear axle are parallel to the intermediate axle, and the axle distance on one side is increased and the axle distance on the opposite side is narrowed, or on the contrary, the axle distance on one side is narrowed. It is characterized in that an axle distance adjusting device is provided that can be operated to widen the axle distance on the opposite side, and the front axle and the rear axle rotate in opposite directions when the handle is turned. Large running with the horizontal angle of the two rear wheels to be displaceable Car.

4. A large traveling vehicle provided with four fluid cylinders, wherein the axle distance adjusting device is configured to displace the horizontal angle of two rear wheel axles.