JP3743039B2 - Yeast waste liquid treatment method - Google Patents

Yeast waste liquid treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3743039B2
JP3743039B2 JP31038995A JP31038995A JP3743039B2 JP 3743039 B2 JP3743039 B2 JP 3743039B2 JP 31038995 A JP31038995 A JP 31038995A JP 31038995 A JP31038995 A JP 31038995A JP 3743039 B2 JP3743039 B2 JP 3743039B2
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Prior art keywords
waste liquid
treatment
yeast
yeast waste
anaerobic
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JPH09150187A (en
Inventor
建次 木田
茂 森村
薫 小林
忍 桑江
豊雄 應田
孝男 大村
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Mitsubishi Pharma Corp
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Mitsubishi Pharma Corp
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    • Y02W10/12

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、酵母菌体を含む廃液(以下「酵母廃液」という。)の処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
酵母菌体は、ビール、日本酒、焼酎、ウイスキー、ワイン、工業用エタノールなどの醸造の際、または酵母を宿主とした組換えタンパク生産の際、副産物として得られる。酵母菌体の一部は、医薬品、食品、飼料などの原料として利用されるがその量は限られており、余剰の酵母菌体は酵母廃液として廃棄処分されている。廃棄処分の方法としては、海洋などへの投棄や焼却処理などが行われている。しかし、環境汚染、処理コストの高騰などの問題から、より経済的かつ効率的な処理方法の探索が待たれている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる背景の下に、新たな処理方法を探索することによって、経済的かつ効率的に酵母廃液の処理を行い得る処理方法を開発することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、固定床型リアクターを用いて、酵母廃液を嫌気条件下で消化処理することにより、経済的かつ効率的に酵母廃液の消化処理を行えることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに到った。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明の酵母廃液の処理方法は、固定床型リアクターを用いて、酵母廃液を嫌気条件下で消化処理する、言い換えると、液化処理およびガス処理を含む二相式メタン発酵法により処理することを特徴とする。
【0006】
本明細書において用いられる略語の定義は以下の通りである。
TVS(Total Volatile Solid) :総揮発性物質
SS(Suspended Solid ) :浮遊物質
VSS(Volatile Suspended Solid):揮発性浮遊物質
MLVSS(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid ):混合液揮発性浮遊物質
【0007】
本発明において処理され得る酵母菌体の種類は、特に限定されず、既に公知文献記載のものの他、今後開発される組換え体などにも適宜利用することができる。具体的には、サッカロマイセス属、ピキア属、シゾサッカロマイセス属、クルイベロマイセス属、カンジダ属、ハンゼヌラ属などが挙げられる。特に、本発明においては、G418感受性株であるサッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) AH22株(a. his 4, leu 2, can 1) 、ピキア・パストリス(Pichia pastoris) GTS115株(his 4)などを宿主とした組換え体が好適に処理される。
【0008】
これらの酵母菌体を含む酵母廃液は、生菌の状態か、または既に公知の方法もしくはそれに準じた方法で殺菌処理された後に、嫌気性消化により処理される。
【0009】
本発明においては、固定床型リアクターを用いて嫌気性消化を行うものである。この方法は、別名、固定床法(UAFP:Upflow Anaerobic Filter Process )ともいう。固定床法は、固定化担体に嫌気性微生物を付着させた固定床型リアクターにより消化処理を行うというものである。この固定化担体としては、セラミック、ポリアクリルアミド、砕石等が例示される。本発明においては、少なくとも液化処理装置として固定床型リアクターを利用する。
【0010】
消化処理に適用される酵母廃液のTVS濃度は、10〜100g−TVS/Lが望ましい。酵母廃液のTVS濃度が10g−TVS/L未満では、水理学的滞留時間が短くなり、VSS消化率が低くなるなど効率的な嫌気性消化、特に液化処理が困難となる。一方、100g−TVS/Lを越えると、プロピオン酸などの有機酸の生成量が多くなり、以後のガス化処理に悪影響を及ぼす。
【0011】
液化処理において作用する微生物は、酸生成菌と水素生成酢酸生成菌とに大きく分けられる。酸生成菌は、高分子有機物から酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸などの低級脂肪酸を生成する一群の微生物である。また、水素生成酢酸生成菌は、水素資化性のメタン生成菌や硫酸還元菌と共生して低級脂肪酸から酢酸と水素とを生成する。当該微生物としては、下記の表1に記載のものが例示される。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0003743039
【0013】
ガス化処理において作用する嫌気性菌は、Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales の3目に分けられ、さらに下記の表2に示される4科8属14種に分類される。
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0003743039
【0015】
これらの嫌気性菌のうち、Methanosarcina属とMethanothrix属とは酢酸を基質にできるメタン生成菌であり、この2属がメタン生成過程の主要な役割を果している。
【0016】
嫌気性消化処理は、種々雑多の当該微生物を含む(微生物群からなる)汚泥または嫌気性消化シード〔種汚泥または嫌気性消化汚泥ともいう。下水処理などにおいて得られた嫌気性汚泥(嫌気性菌群)を馴養したもの。〕を通常の方法により馴養する。すなわち、この馴養は嫌気性消化処理を行い易い状態に馴らしていくことを意味する。具体的には、嫌気性消化シードを例えば、MLVSSとして1〜50g/Lの濃度に対して、混合汚泥、合成廃水などを用いて、有機物容積負荷、pH、温度条件などの条件を当該液化処理の条件に合わせた条件下で適当な期間馴養する。次いで、酵母廃液の嫌気性消化処理を開始する。
【0017】
また、複数のリアクターを用いる場合は、その各々のリアクターで行う嫌気性消化処理(例えば、液化処理、ガス化処理)を行い易い状態に馴養すればよい。
【0018】
酵母廃液は希釈せずに、あるいは水または何らかの水溶液で希釈した上で、当該処理を行う。当該処理は公知の温度条件下で行うことができる。一般的には30〜70℃程度が例示される。特に本発明においては、中温発酵(30〜40℃)および高温発酵(50〜60℃)のいずれでも実施可能である。
【0019】
当該処理は連続して行うことができる。有機物容積負荷は、0.5〜10g−TVS/L/日程度、好ましくは1〜8g−TVS/L/日程度とする。pHは6〜8程度となるように調整すればよく、酸またはアルカリを適宜添加して制御する。
【0020】
当該処理においては、必要に応じてニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの塩を酵母廃液に添加することが、消化反応を促進させる点で好ましい。具体的には、塩化第一ニッケル六水塩、塩化第一コバルト六水塩などが例示される。ニッケルおよび/またはコバルトの塩は、酵母廃液のTVS濃度に応じて適宜添加される。具体的には、終濃度として各々0.5〜100mg/L程度が例示される。
【0021】
当該処理条件下で、酵母廃液は連続的に処理され、例えば液化処理工程におけるVSSの消化率を50%以上に維持することが可能となる。ガス化処理も安定して行うことができ、生成されるガスは50%以上のメタンを含有し、燃料などとして利用することができる。
【0022】
複数のリアクターを連続して用いる場合は、得られた消化処理液を希釈せずに、あるいは水または何らかの水溶液で希釈して、次のリアクター(処理工程)に投入される。
【0023】
なお、ガス化処理を液化処理とは別のリアクターで行う場合は、良好なガス発生量(400ml-gas/g−TVS以上)を達成するために、液化処理液を揮発性脂肪酸(VFA)濃度10g/L以下となるように調整して用いることが好ましい。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明の酵母廃液の処理方法によれば、酵母廃液を固定床型リアクターを用いて、嫌気条件下で消化処理を行うことにより、酵母菌体を含む酵母廃液が高効率的にメタンガスに転換され、酵母廃液の経済的な廃棄処理が可能となる。
【0025】
特に、本発明の処理方法によれば、従来法に比べて、有機物容積負荷をより高く設定することができる。また、前処理としての加熱処理は60〜70℃程度であっても、嫌気性消化反応を充分に行うことができる。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、本発明をより詳細に説明するために実施例を挙げるが、本発明はこれら実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
【0027】
実施例1
▲1▼ 酵母廃液の調製
ピキア・パストリス(Pichia pastoris) GTS115株に、ヒト血清アルブミン発現用プラスミドpMM042を導入し、形質転換体UHG42−3株を得た(特開平4−29984号公報参照)。
【0028】
この形質転換体UHG42−3株をジャーファーメンターを用いて通気攪拌培養し、培養終了後に圧搾機にて、酵母菌体と濾液とに分離した。圧搾により得られた酵母菌体を湿重で250g採取し、これを蒸留水にて懸濁して1Lの懸濁液とした。この懸濁液を121℃にて20分間蒸気加圧滅菌して、酵母廃液1Lを得た。この酵母廃液にNiCl2 ・6H2 OおよびCoCl2 ・6H2 Oをそれぞれ終濃度で18.1および5.1mg/Lとなるように添加した。
【0029】
この酵母廃液の浮遊物質(SS)濃度は、約65,000mg/L、揮発性浮遊物質(VSS)濃度は約60,000mg/L、総揮発性物質(TVS)濃度は約65,000mg/Lであった。
【0030】
▲2▼ 消化シードの馴養
高温消化シード(嫌気性植種汚泥)を有機物容積負荷3g/L/日の条件下で、下水混合汚泥を用いてdraw-and-fill 方式により馴養した。
【0031】
▲3▼ 嫌気性消化処理
0.78L容の固定床型リアクターに、馴養した高温消化シードをMLVSSで10g/Lとなるように投入した。なお、固定床型リアクターに充填した担体は、リアポア(粘土を焼いて粉砕したもの)と粉砕した高密度ポリエチレンとを45:55に混合し、100〜230℃でハニカム構造に焼成したものである。従って、この担体は、親水的な性質を(リアポア)と疎水的な性質(高密度ポリエチレン)とを併せ持っている。この担体は非常にポーラスであり、細孔分布は1〜2mmの細孔が20%、0.1〜0.35mmの細孔が60%、0.1μm〜0.1mmの細孔が20%である。
【0032】
槽内液は循環ポンプで循環した。また、酵母廃液は3倍希釈したものを供給ポンプにより連続的に供給した。処理温度は53℃、有機物容積負荷は2g/L/日とし、嫌気性消化処理を50日間行った。
【0033】
実験例1
実施例1において、有機物容積負荷を2〜8g−TVS/L/日の条件下で、嫌気性消化処理を行った場合の結果を表3に示す。
【0034】
【表3】
Figure 0003743039
【0035】
実施例2
中温消化シードを用い、処理温度を37℃とする以外は実施例1に準じて酵母廃液の嫌気性消化処理を行った。その結果、実施例1と同様の良好な結果が得られた。
【0036】
実施例3
酵母廃液の加熱滅菌を68℃で30分間行い、酵母廃液のpHを6.5に調整する以外は実施例1に準じて酵母廃液の嫌気性消化処理を行った。その結果、実施例1と同様の良好な結果が得られた。
【0037】
実験例2
実施例3において、有機物容積負荷を2〜4g−TVS/L/日の条件下で、嫌気性消化処理を行った場合のVSS消化率を表4に示す。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003743039
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating a waste liquid containing yeast cells (hereinafter referred to as “yeast waste liquid”).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Yeast cells are obtained as a by-product when brewing beer, sake, shochu, whiskey, wine, industrial ethanol or the like, or when producing recombinant proteins using yeast as a host. Some yeast cells are used as raw materials for pharmaceuticals, foods, feeds, etc., but their amount is limited, and surplus yeast cells are discarded as yeast waste. As a disposal method, dumping into the ocean or incineration is performed. However, the search for a more economical and efficient treatment method is awaited due to problems such as environmental pollution and rising treatment costs.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to develop a treatment method capable of economically and efficiently treating a yeast waste liquid by searching for a new treatment method based on such a background.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors digested yeast waste liquid under anaerobic conditions using a fixed bed reactor, thereby economically and efficiently digesting yeast waste liquid. The present inventors have found that processing can be performed and have completed the present invention.
[0005]
In other words, the yeast waste liquid treatment method of the present invention uses a fixed bed reactor to digest yeast waste liquid under anaerobic conditions, in other words, by a two-phase methane fermentation method including liquefaction treatment and gas treatment. It is characterized by that.
[0006]
The definitions of abbreviations used in this specification are as follows.
TVS (Total Volatile Solid): Total Volatile Suspended Solid (SS): Suspended Solid VSS (Volatile Suspended Solid): Volatile Suspended Solid MLVSS (Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid): Mixed liquid volatile suspended solid
The kind of yeast cells that can be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately used for recombinants that will be developed in the future in addition to those already described in known literature. Specific examples include the genus Saccharomyces, Pichia, Schizosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida and Hansenula. In particular, in the present invention, the G418 sensitive strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 strain (a. His 4, leu 2, can 1), Pichia pastoris GTS115 strain (his 4) and the like are used as hosts. These recombinants are preferably treated.
[0008]
Yeast waste liquid containing these yeast cells is treated by anaerobic digestion after being sterilized in the state of viable bacteria, or by a known method or a method based thereon.
[0009]
In the present invention, anaerobic digestion is performed using a fixed bed reactor. This method is also called a fixed bed method (UAFP: Upflow Anaerobic Filter Process). In the fixed bed method, digestion is performed by a fixed bed reactor in which an anaerobic microorganism is attached to an immobilization carrier. Examples of the immobilization carrier include ceramic, polyacrylamide, and crushed stone. In the present invention, a fixed bed reactor is used at least as a liquefaction processing apparatus.
[0010]
As for the TVS density | concentration of the yeast waste liquid applied to a digestion process, 10-100 g-TVS / L is desirable. When the TVS concentration of the yeast waste liquid is less than 10 g-TVS / L, efficient anaerobic digestion, in particular liquefaction treatment, becomes difficult, such as the hydraulic retention time is shortened and the VSS digestibility is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 g-TVS / L, the production amount of organic acid such as propionic acid increases, which adversely affects the subsequent gasification treatment.
[0011]
Microorganisms acting in the liquefaction treatment are roughly divided into acid-producing bacteria and hydrogen-producing acetic acid-producing bacteria. Acid-producing bacteria are a group of microorganisms that produce lower fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid from macromolecular organic matter. In addition, hydrogen-producing acetic acid-producing bacteria produce acetic acid and hydrogen from lower fatty acids in symbiosis with hydrogen-utilizing methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Examples of the microorganism include those described in Table 1 below.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003743039
[0013]
Anaerobic bacteria that act in the gasification process are divided into the third group of Methanobacteriales, Methanococcales, and Methanomicrobiales, and further classified into four families, eight genera and 14 species shown in Table 2 below.
[0014]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003743039
[0015]
Among these anaerobes, the genus Methanosarcina and the genus Methanothrix are methanogens that can use acetic acid as a substrate, and these two genera play a major role in the methanogenesis process.
[0016]
The anaerobic digestion treatment is sludge or anaerobic digestion seed (also referred to as seed sludge or anaerobic digestion sludge) containing various microorganisms. Acclimatized anaerobic sludge (anaerobic bacteria group) obtained in sewage treatment. ] Is accustomed by the usual method. That is, this acclimatization means acclimatization to a state in which anaerobic digestion treatment is easy to be performed. Specifically, for an anaerobic digestion seed, for example, as a MLVSS concentration of 1 to 50 g / L, using mixed sludge, synthetic waste water, etc., conditions such as organic matter volume load, pH, temperature conditions, etc. Acclimatize for a suitable period of time under conditions that match the above conditions. Subsequently, the anaerobic digestion process of the yeast waste liquid is started.
[0017]
Further, when a plurality of reactors are used, it may be habituated to a state in which an anaerobic digestion process (for example, liquefaction process or gasification process) performed in each of the reactors is easily performed.
[0018]
The treatment is performed without diluting the yeast waste liquid or after diluting with water or some aqueous solution. The treatment can be performed under known temperature conditions. Generally, about 30-70 degreeC is illustrated. In particular, in the present invention, either medium temperature fermentation (30 to 40 ° C.) or high temperature fermentation (50 to 60 ° C.) can be carried out.
[0019]
This process can be performed continuously. The organic substance volume load is about 0.5 to 10 g-TVS / L / day, preferably about 1 to 8 g-TVS / L / day. The pH may be adjusted to about 6 to 8, and is controlled by adding an acid or alkali as appropriate.
[0020]
In this treatment, it is preferable to add a nickel and / or cobalt salt to the yeast waste liquid as necessary in terms of promoting the digestion reaction. Specific examples include nickel chloride hexahydrate, cobaltous chloride hexahydrate, and the like. Nickel and / or cobalt salts are appropriately added according to the TVS concentration of the yeast waste liquid. Specifically, the final concentration is exemplified by about 0.5 to 100 mg / L.
[0021]
Under the treatment conditions, the yeast waste liquid is continuously treated, and for example, the digestibility of VSS in the liquefaction treatment step can be maintained at 50% or more. Gasification treatment can also be performed stably, and the generated gas contains 50% or more of methane and can be used as a fuel.
[0022]
When a plurality of reactors are used continuously, the obtained digestion solution is not diluted, or diluted with water or some aqueous solution, and is put into the next reactor (processing step).
[0023]
In the case where the gasification treatment is performed in a reactor different from the liquefaction treatment, in order to achieve a good gas generation amount (400 ml-gas / g-TVS or more), the liquefaction treatment solution is volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration. It is preferable to adjust and use so that it may become 10 g / L or less.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the yeast waste liquid treatment method of the present invention, the yeast waste liquid containing yeast cells is efficiently converted to methane gas by digesting the yeast waste liquid under anaerobic conditions using a fixed bed reactor. This makes it possible to dispose of yeast waste liquid economically.
[0025]
In particular, according to the treatment method of the present invention, the organic substance volume load can be set higher than in the conventional method. Moreover, even if the heat processing as pre-processing is about 60-70 degreeC, an anaerobic digestion reaction can fully be performed.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples will be given to describe the present invention in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0027]
Example 1
(1) Preparation of Yeast Waste Solution A plasmid pMM042 for human serum albumin expression was introduced into Pichia pastoris GTS115 strain to obtain a transformant UHG42-3 strain (see JP-A-4-29984).
[0028]
This transformant UHG42-3 strain was subjected to aeration and agitation culture using a jar fermenter, and after completion of the culture, it was separated into yeast cells and filtrate with a press. 250 g of yeast cells obtained by pressing were collected by wet weight, and suspended in distilled water to make a 1 L suspension. This suspension was steam sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain 1 L of yeast waste liquid. NiCl 2 .6H 2 O and CoCl 2 .6H 2 O were added to the yeast waste solution so that the final concentrations were 18.1 and 5.1 mg / L, respectively.
[0029]
The yeast waste liquid had a suspended solid (SS) concentration of about 65,000 mg / L, a volatile suspended solid (VSS) concentration of about 60,000 mg / L, and a total volatile substance (TVS) concentration of about 65,000 mg / L. .
[0030]
{Circle around (2)} Acclimatization of digestion seeds A high-temperature digestion seed (anaerobic seeding sludge) was acclimatized by a draw-and-fill method using sewage mixed sludge under the condition of organic substance volumetric load 3 g / L / day.
[0031]
(3) Anaerobic digestion treatment The acclimatized high temperature digestion seed was introduced into a 0.78 L fixed bed reactor so as to be 10 g / L in MLVSS. The support packed in the fixed bed reactor is a mixture of rear pores (obtained by pulverizing clay) and pulverized high-density polyethylene mixed at 45:55 and fired into a honeycomb structure at 100 to 230 ° C. . Therefore, this carrier has both a hydrophilic property (rear pore) and a hydrophobic property (high density polyethylene). This carrier is very porous, and the pore distribution is 20% for pores of 1 to 2 mm, 60% for pores of 0.1 to 0.35 mm, and 20% for pores of 0.1 μm to 0.1 mm. It is.
[0032]
The liquid in the tank was circulated with a circulation pump. In addition, the yeast waste liquid was continuously diluted by a feed pump with a 3-fold dilution. The treatment temperature was 53 ° C., the organic substance volume load was 2 g / L / day, and the anaerobic digestion treatment was performed for 50 days.
[0033]
Experimental example 1
Table 3 shows the results when anaerobic digestion treatment was performed in Example 1 under the condition that the organic substance volume load was 2 to 8 g-TVS / L / day.
[0034]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003743039
[0035]
Example 2
An anaerobic digestion treatment of the yeast waste liquor was performed according to Example 1 except that the treatment temperature was 37 ° C. using a medium temperature digestion seed. As a result, the same good results as in Example 1 were obtained.
[0036]
Example 3
The yeast waste liquid was subjected to anaerobic digestion according to Example 1 except that the yeast waste liquid was sterilized by heating at 68 ° C. for 30 minutes and the pH of the yeast waste liquid was adjusted to 6.5. As a result, the same good results as in Example 1 were obtained.
[0037]
Experimental example 2
Table 4 shows the VSS digestibility when an anaerobic digestion treatment was performed under the condition that the organic substance volume load was 2 to 4 g-TVS / L / day in Example 3.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003743039

Claims (1)

固定床型リアクターを用いて、ヒト血清アルブミン発現用プラスミドを導入した組換え酵母廃液を嫌気条件下で消化処理することを特徴とする酵母廃液の処理方法。A method for treating yeast waste liquid, comprising digesting a waste liquid of recombinant yeast introduced with a plasmid for expression of human serum albumin under anaerobic conditions using a fixed bed reactor.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103183437A (en) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-03 安琪酵母股份有限公司 Yeast waste water reutilization method and method for producing yeast by using yeast waste water reutilization method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1251104A1 (en) * 2001-04-18 2002-10-23 Seghers Better Technology for water A method for processing yeast-containing waste flows in an anaerobic reactor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103183437A (en) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-03 安琪酵母股份有限公司 Yeast waste water reutilization method and method for producing yeast by using yeast waste water reutilization method

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