JP3734128B2

JP3734128B2 - Sealed lead acid battery

Info

Publication number: JP3734128B2
Application number: JP29724698A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 敏宏磯井; 拓児松村
Original assignee: Yuasa Corp
Current assignee: Yuasa Corp
Priority date: 1998-10-19
Filing date: 1998-10-19
Publication date: 2006-01-11
Anticipated expiration: 2018-10-19
Also published as: JP2000123820A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、蓋から一対のファストン端子が突出した密閉形鉛蓄電池に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
鉛蓄電池は、蓋上面または蓋側面から正極端子と負極端子が突出しており、この端子に外部のリード線の端子が接続される。前記正極端子と負極端子は、不用意に直接接続いわゆる短絡して、短絡電流により電池内部で溶断したり破裂することがないように安全対策が施されている。一般に、小容量の電池では、短絡により電池内部で溶断が生じない構造、すなわち各部品を短絡電流に耐える断面積を有する大きさに設計している。また、大容量の電池では、短絡が生じない構造、例えば端子間を長くしたり、端子間に壁を設けて直線的な接続ができないようにし、工具等を不用意に電池の上に落とすことがあっても短絡が生じないようにしている。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
最近の傾向として二輪車用の小容量鉛電池において、小型軽量、始動性能の高性能化が要求されており、その対策として従来の鋳造式極板に代わってエキスパンド式極板を採用し、極板１枚当たりの厚みを薄くし１セル当たりの極板枚数を増やしてセル全体の極板表面積を増加させ、活物質の反応効率をアップさせて始動性能の容量増加を図る技術が開発されつつある。そのため、従来であれば短絡しても短絡電流のジュール熱による温度上昇は内部部品を溶断する温度まで達することがなかったが、最近のエキスパンド式極板を用いた電池では、１セル当たりの極板表面積が従来より増加することによる電流密度の低下と、極板間隔が減少することによる内部抵抗の低下によって短絡電流が大幅に増加するようになった。その結果、端子間の短絡時に内部部品の一部に短絡電流のジュール熱による温度上昇に耐えられず、溶断に至る可能性が生じた。この対策として、内部部品を溶断に耐える大きさに設計変更することが可能であるが、各部品の断面積が大きくなり、電池の形状、寸法、重量に影響を及ぼし、小型軽量化の要求に相反する結果となり、また部品価格の上昇も避けられないという問題点を有していた。本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、正負の両極端子間で短絡しても極柱や極群などの内部部品が溶断しない鉛蓄電池を提供することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、一対の黄銅板からなるファストン端子１０、１１が蓋２内に埋設され、該端子の一端１０ａ、１１ａが蓋２外へ突出し、他端１０ｂ、１１ｂが電槽１内に収容された極群から立設する極柱先端に接続されてなる密閉形電池において、前記ファストン端子１０、１１は、一端１０ａ、１１ａから他端１０ｂ、１１ｂの間に他の部分より断面積の小さい溶断部１０ｄ、１１ｄを有し、該溶断部１０ｄ、１１ｄが端子間の短絡電流により前記極柱または極群が溶断する前に溶断する密閉形鉛蓄電池であって、前記ファストン端子１０、１１に幅広の充電端子部１０ｃ、１１ｃを設け、該充電端子部１０ｃ、１１ｃと他端１０ｂ、１１ｂとの間に前記溶断部１０ｄ、１１ｄを設けた密閉形鉛蓄電池とする。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施形態について図面に基づいて説明する。
【０００６】
図１は本発明の一実施形態を示す要部分解斜視図であり、１は電槽、２は電槽上部に取り付けられた蓋である。該蓋２は上面に凸部３が形成され、該凸部３の内側に壁４で囲まれた排気室５を有し、該排気室５に電池内部で発生した排気ガスが排気口６を通じて集められる。なお、前記排気口６は排気室５の底面にあり、各セル室（図示せず）と連通している。排気室５の上面は、上蓋７で覆われ、孔８を通じて排気ガスが外部へ排気される。
【０００７】
前記凸部３は、周囲の一部を除いて外壁９で囲まれ、該外壁９と前記壁４の間の空間１２，１３にファストン端子１０，１１が収納されており、該ファストン端子１０，１１の一端１０ａ，１１ａが凸部３の外壁９から突出し、他端１０ｂ，１１ｂが電槽内の極群（図示せず）から立設する極柱の先端１４，１５に嵌まり溶接等で接続されている。該端子は、黄銅製の厚さ０．８ｍｍ、幅４．１ｍｍの細長い平板からなり、一端から他端までの長さが８０ｍｍであり、途中に幅広の充電端子部１０ｃ，１１ｃと他の部分より幅狭になった溶断部１０ｄ，１１ｄとを有する。
【０００８】
なお、１６は外部端子であるリセプタクル端子（図示せず）をファストン端子に装着しやすいように設けられた案内部であり、正極と負極のファストン端子１０，１１の間にスパナ等の工具が置かれても短絡することがないような役割も兼ね備えている。
【０００９】
次に、２．５Ａｈ／１０ＨＲの二輪車用鉛蓄電池において、溶断部１０ｄ，１１ｄの断面積を決める方法について説明する。
【００１０】
まず、途中に溶断部を設けていない厚さ０．８ｍｍ、幅８．１ｍｍ、長さ８０ｍｍのファストン端子を図１のような電池のファストン端子１０，１１と置き換え、常温（２５℃）で＋−のファストン端子間を短絡させ、その時の短絡電流を測定した。その結果を図２に示す。なお、電池は完全充電状態とし、ファストン端子は黄銅板に０．８μの錫メッキを施したものとした。
【００１１】
図２より、短絡電流は、瞬間的に４００Ａ以上流れ、長くとも４．０秒以内に３００Ａ以下に減衰することが分かる。
次に、表１に示す形状のファストン端子の試験片１〜８を作製し、それぞれに４００Ａの電流を流し、溶断に到るまでの時間を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。なお、試験片は上記ファストン端子と同様な０．８μの錫メッキを施した黄銅板であり、試験は周囲温度２５℃で行った。
【００１２】
【表１】

【００１３】
表１より４００Ａの電流を流し、略４．０秒以内で溶断するのは試験片１〜３であることが分かる。すなわち、試験片４〜８をファストン端子の溶断部とすると、ファストン端子に４００Ａの短絡電流が略４秒間流れても溶断しないので、本発明の目的を達することができず、該試験片４〜８を溶断部として採用することができないことが分かる。
【００１４】
そこで、実際に試験片１〜３を図１のファストン端子として用い、＋−のファストン端子間を短絡させ、試験片１〜３が溶断するか否か調査した。その結果を表２に示す。なお、試験方法は、図２を求めた方法と同じとした。
【００１５】
【表２】

【００１６】
表２より試験片１のみ溶断し、他は溶断せずに内部部品等が溶断する危険性があることが分かる。また、試験片１の断面積３．２８ｍｍ²付近に短絡電流で溶断する境界があることがわかった。
【００１７】
従って、内部部品等の製造上のばらつき等を考慮して該境界より下の２．８ｍｍ²の断面積の溶断部、具体的には厚さ０．８ｍｍ，幅３．５ｍｍ、長さ３５ｍｍの溶断部を有するファストン端子を用い、図１のような電池を作製した。この電池にエンジン始動時に流れる電流の約２倍の電流６０Ａを流し、ファストン端子が溶断しないことを確認してから、十分時間が経過したのち、＋−のファストン端子間を短絡して溶断する時間を測定した。その結果２．２秒であった。
【００１８】
従って２．５Ａｈ／１０ＨＲ（１２Ｖ）の図１のような本実施形態の電池では、２．８ｍｍ²の断面積を有する溶断部を形成したファストン端子を用いれば端子間が短絡しても電池の内部部品を溶断することがなく、電池の爆発などを避けることができる。
【００１９】
なお、本実施形態では、２．５Ａｈ／１０ＨＲの電池についてファストン端子の溶断部の断面積を求めているが、他の容量や実施形態の電池でも同様の手法により溶断部の面積を求めることができる。また、ファストン端子が溶断した場合は、例えばファストン端子の溶断部下部に耐熱性の薄板などを置いて蓋２が溶融しないようにすると共に、上蓋７を蓋２から簡単に取り外せるようにしてファストン端子を簡単に取り替えられるようにしておけば電池を再使用できる。
【００２０】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、正極と負極の端子間で短絡した場合、電池内部の部品が溶断する前にファストン端子が溶断するので、従来のように内部部品の断面積を大きくするなどの対策が不要となる。従って、コスト的に有利な小形の鉛蓄電池を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施形態を示す要部分解斜視図である。
【図２】短絡時の放電時間と放電電流の関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
１電槽
２蓋
１０，１１ファストン端子
１０ａ、１１ａ一端
１０ｂ，１１ｂ他端
１０ｄ，１１ｄ溶断部
１４，１５極柱[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sealed lead-acid battery in which a pair of faston terminals protrudes from a lid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the lead storage battery, a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal protrude from a top surface or a side surface of the lid, and an external lead wire terminal is connected to the terminal. The positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are inadvertently directly connected, so-called short-circuited, and safety measures are taken so as not to blow or rupture inside the battery due to a short-circuit current. In general, a small-capacity battery is designed to have a structure that does not cause fusing inside the battery due to a short circuit, that is, each component has a cross-sectional area that can withstand a short-circuit current. Also, in a large-capacity battery, a structure that does not cause a short circuit, for example, lengthening between terminals, or providing a wall between terminals to prevent linear connection, inadvertently dropping tools etc. on the battery Even if there is, there is no short circuit.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a recent trend, small-capacity lead batteries for motorcycles are required to be compact, lightweight, and start-up performance is improved. As a countermeasure, an expanded electrode plate is used instead of the conventional cast electrode plate. Technology is being developed to increase the capacity of starting performance by reducing the thickness per sheet and increasing the number of electrode plates per cell to increase the electrode plate surface area of the entire cell, increasing the reaction efficiency of the active material. . For this reason, even if a conventional short circuit occurs, the temperature rise due to the Joule heat of the short circuit current does not reach the temperature at which the internal components are melted. However, in a battery using a recent expanded electrode plate, the electrode per cell The short-circuit current has increased significantly due to the decrease in current density due to the increase in plate surface area compared to the past and the decrease in internal resistance due to the decrease in electrode plate spacing. As a result, there was a possibility that a part of the internal parts could not withstand the temperature rise due to the short-circuit current Joule heat when the terminals were short-circuited, resulting in fusing. As a countermeasure, the internal parts can be redesigned to withstand fusing, but the cross-sectional area of each part increases, affecting the shape, dimensions, and weight of the battery. There was a problem that the results were contradictory and that the price of parts was unavoidable. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a lead storage battery in which internal components such as a pole column and a pole group are not blown even when a short circuit is made between positive and negative terminals. There is to do.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention,

faston terminals

10 and 11 made of a pair of brass plates are embedded in the lid 2, and one ends 10a and 11a of the terminals protrude outside the lid 2 and the other ends 10b and 11b. Is connected to the tip of a pole pole standing from a pole group housed in the battery case 1, the

faston terminals

10, 11 are connected between one end 10a, 11a and the other end 10b, 11b. A sealed lead-acid battery that has a melted

portion

10d, 11d having a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the portion, and the melted

portion

10d, 11d is melted before the pole column or pole group is melted by a short-circuit current between terminals , The fastened

terminals

10 and 11 are provided with wide charging terminal portions 10c and 11c, and the sealed lead-acid battery is provided with the

fusing portions

10d and 11d between the charging terminal portions 10c and 11c and the other ends 10b and 11b. .
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0006]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a main part showing an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is a battery case and 2 is a lid attached to the upper part of the battery case. The lid 2 has a convex portion 3 formed on the upper surface, and has an exhaust chamber 5 surrounded by a wall 4 inside the convex portion 3, and exhaust gas generated inside the battery passes through the exhaust port 6 in the exhaust chamber 5. Collected. The exhaust port 6 is on the bottom surface of the exhaust chamber 5 and communicates with each cell chamber (not shown). The upper surface of the exhaust chamber 5 is covered with the upper lid 7, and exhaust gas is exhausted to the outside through the holes 8.
[0007]
The convex portion 3 is surrounded by an outer wall 9 except for a part of the periphery, and

faston terminals

10 and 11 are accommodated in spaces 12 and 13 between the outer wall 9 and the wall 4. One end 10a, 11a of 11 protrudes from the outer wall 9 of the convex part 3, and the other end 10b, 11b fits into the

tip

14, 15 of the pole pole standing from the pole group (not shown) in a battery case, and is welded etc. It is connected. The terminal is made of an elongated flat plate made of brass having a thickness of 0.8 mm and a width of 4.1 mm. The length from one end to the other end is 80 mm, and the wide charging terminal portions 10c and 11c and other portions are provided in the middle. It has fusing

parts

10d and 11d that are narrower.
[0008]
Reference numeral 16 denotes a guide portion provided so that a receptacle terminal (not shown) as an external terminal can be easily attached to the faston terminal. A tool such as a spanner is placed between the positive and

negative faston terminals

10 and 11. It also has the role of not short-circuiting.
[0009]
Next, a method for determining the cross-sectional areas of the

fusing parts

10d and 11d in the 2.5 Ah / 10HR motorcycle lead-acid battery will be described.
[0010]
First, a faston terminal having a thickness of 0.8 mm, a width of 8.1 mm, and a length of 80 mm, which is not provided with a fusing part in the middle, is replaced with the

faston terminals

10 and 11 of the battery as shown in FIG. The -faston terminals were short-circuited, and the short-circuit current at that time was measured. The result is shown in FIG. The battery was fully charged, and the Faston terminal was a brass plate plated with 0.8 μ tin.
[0011]
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the short-circuit current instantaneously flows at 400 A or more and attenuates to 300 A or less within 4.0 seconds at the longest.
Next, faston terminal test pieces 1 to 8 having the shapes shown in Table 1 were prepared, and a current of 400 A was applied to each of the test pieces, and the time until fusing was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The test piece was a brass plate plated with 0.8 μm tin similar to the above Faston terminal, and the test was performed at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C.
[0012]
[Table 1]

[0013]
From Table 1, it can be seen that it is the test pieces 1 to 3 that flow a current of 400 A and blow out within about 4.0 seconds. That is, if the test pieces 4 to 8 are used as the melted part of the faston terminal, the short circuit current of 400 A flows to the faston terminal for about 4 seconds, so that the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. It turns out that 8 cannot be employ | adopted as a fusing part.
[0014]
Therefore, the test pieces 1 to 3 were actually used as the faston terminals in FIG. 1, and the + -faston terminals were short-circuited to investigate whether or not the test pieces 1 to 3 were melted. The results are shown in Table 2. The test method was the same as the method for obtaining FIG.
[0015]
[Table 2]

[0016]
It can be seen from Table 2 that there is a risk that only the test piece 1 is melted and the other components are not melted and the internal parts are melted. It was also found that there was a boundary where the test piece 1 was melted by a short-circuit current in the vicinity of the cross-sectional area of 3.28 mm ² .
[0017]
Accordingly, in consideration of manufacturing variations of internal parts, etc., a melted portion having a cross-sectional area of 2.8 mm ² below the boundary, specifically, a thickness of 0.8 mm, a width of 3.5 mm, and a length of 35 mm. A battery as shown in FIG. 1 was produced using a faston terminal having a fusing part. A current 60A that is about twice the current that flows when the engine starts is supplied to the battery, and after confirming that the Faston terminals do not melt, a time for short-circuiting between the +-Faston terminals and fusing. Was measured. As a result, it was 2.2 seconds.
[0018]
Therefore, in the battery of this embodiment as shown in FIG. 1 with 2.5 Ah / 10HR (12 V), If a faston terminal having a fusing portion having a cross-sectional area of 8 mm ² is used, even if the terminals are short-circuited, the internal parts of the battery are not blown, and the battery explosion can be avoided.
[0019]
In the present embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the fused part of the Faston terminal is obtained for a 2.5 Ah / 10 HR battery, but the area of the fused part can be obtained by the same method in other capacities and the batteries of the embodiment. it can. Further, when the faston terminal is melted, for example, a heat-resistant thin plate is placed under the melted portion of the faston terminal so that the lid 2 does not melt, and the upper lid 7 can be easily removed from the lid 2 so that the faston terminal can be removed. The battery can be reused if it can be easily replaced.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when a short circuit occurs between the positive and negative terminals, the Faston terminal is melted before the parts inside the battery are melted. No need to take measures such as Therefore, it is possible to provide a small lead storage battery that is advantageous in terms of cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between a discharge time and a discharge current at the time of a short circuit.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Lid | cover 10,11 Faston terminal 10a, 11a One end 10b, 11b The

other end

10d,

11d Fusing part

14, 15 Polar pole

Claims

A faston terminal 10, 11 made of a pair of brass plates is embedded in the lid 2, one end 10 a, 11 a of the terminal protrudes outside the lid 2, and the other end 10 b, 11 b is from a pole group accommodated in the battery case 1. In a sealed battery connected to the tip of a pole pole that is erected, the faston terminals 10 and 11 have fusing parts 10d and 11d having a smaller cross-sectional area than the other parts between one end 10a and 11a and the other end 10b and 11b. The fusing parts 10d and 11d are sealed lead-acid batteries that are melted before the pole column or pole group is fused by a short-circuit current between the terminals, and the charging terminals 10 and 11 are wide. 10c and 11c are provided, and the fusing portions 10d and 11d are provided between the charging terminal portions 10c and 11c and the other ends 10b and 11b.

2. The sealed lead-acid battery according to claim 1, wherein a heat-resistant thin plate is disposed below the fusing parts 10 d and 11 d of the faston terminals 10 and 11, and the faston terminals 10 and 11 can be replaced.