JP3728480B2 - Leather-like sheet manufacturing method - Google Patents

Leather-like sheet manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3728480B2
JP3728480B2 JP03156197A JP3156197A JP3728480B2 JP 3728480 B2 JP3728480 B2 JP 3728480B2 JP 03156197 A JP03156197 A JP 03156197A JP 3156197 A JP3156197 A JP 3156197A JP 3728480 B2 JP3728480 B2 JP 3728480B2
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Prior art keywords
fiber
web
ultrafine fiber
component
sheet
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JP03156197A
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JPH10226968A (en
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信二 中西
善博 丹波
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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Kuraray Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、柔軟で充実感があり、良好な外観、折れシワを有する天然皮革類似の皮革様シートの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、天然皮革のような良好な外観、柔軟性、充実感、折れシワ等を得るために、皮革様シートの表層と内層の密度、繊維デニール等を変えて密度勾配、繊度勾配等を得ようとする試みが数多く提案されてきた。例えば、特公昭62−29548号公報には、溶剤溶解性の異なる2種類の多成分系繊維を積層したのち、1種類の溶剤溶解成分のみを溶解除去しさらに密度向上処理を加え密度勾配を付与する方法が記載されている。
【0003】
また特公昭46−6111号公報には、繊維の太さが異なる2種類以上の極細繊維、繊維束中の繊維の本数が異なる2種以上の極細繊維束、あるいは個々の繊維の太さが異なりかつ繊維束中の繊維の本数が異なる2種以上の極細繊維束より構成され、かつ繊維の太さおよび繊維束中の繊維の本数のうち少なくとも一方が繊維シート状物の厚さ方向に変化していることを特徴とする繊維シート状物の製造方法が、また特公昭48−32302号公報には、不織布の片面から高分子物質を含浸することにより厚み方向に密度勾配を付与する方法が記載されている。さらに特公昭42−18599号公報には、表面層に細いデニールの繊維を用い下層に行くに従って順次デニールの大きい繊維を積層し収縮せしめることによって天然皮革類似の構造とする方法が、また特公昭60−24227号公報には、極細繊維デニールの異なる2種類の細化可能繊維を積層し細化した後、高速流体流を噴きあてる方法等が提案されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の方法でつくられた繊維シートは、表層と内層(裏層)の密度勾配を十分大きく取ることができなかったり、製造工程が非常に複雑で煩雑な処理を伴う物であったり、絡合処理により繊維シート表面に内層の繊維が突出すことにより、染色時の色ムラが発生する等の問題点があった。
本発明の目的は、柔軟で充実感があり、良好な外観、折れシワを有する皮革様シートの簡略な製造方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、溶剤に対する溶解性の異なる2種以上の高分子物質からなり除去される成分の軟化温度がa℃である極細繊維発生型繊維からなるウエブ(A)と、溶剤に対する溶解性の異なる2種以上の高分子物質からなり除去される成分の軟化温度がb℃である極細繊維発生型繊維からなるウエブ(B)を積層し、絡合処理を行った後、加熱処理し、加熱状態でプレス処理を行い、次いで得られた繊維シートに弾性ポリマーの溶液または分散液を含浸凝固させ、さらに極細繊維発生処理を行うことにより皮革様シートを製造する方法において、該軟化温度a,bがa>bを満足し、かつ該加熱処理により繊維の温度をb℃以上とすることを特徴とする皮革様シートの製造方法である。
【0006】
本発明で用いられる極細繊維発生型繊維の除去される成分としては、極細繊維成分より融点または軟化点が10℃以上低くかつ溶剤で可溶あるいは分解剤で分解するポリマーで、例えば、ポリエチレンあるいはエチレン共重合体、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体あるいはその部分鹸化物、ポリスチレンあるいはスチレン共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリ塩化ビニル、あるいは塩化ビニル共重合体などの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類のポリマーが挙げられる。
極細繊維成分としては、除去される成分とは溶剤または分解剤を異にするポリマーで、例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレートあるいはエチレンテレフタレート共重合体、ポリブチレンテレフタレートあるいはブチレンテレフタレート共重合体などのポリエステル、ナイロン−6、ナイロン−66、ナイロン−610、ナイロン−12、芳香環を含むポリアミドなどのポリアミド、ポリプロピレン、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体の鹸化物、ポリビニルアルコールなどの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種類のポリマーが挙げられる。
【0007】
これらの除去される成分および極細繊維成分を用いて溶融紡糸法により海島状断面構造繊維、交互積層型断面構造繊維、ミクロフィブリル集束体接合型断面構造繊維などの極細繊維発生型繊維に紡糸する。極細繊維発生型繊維の表面の一部が除去される成分(熱融着性成分)で覆われているのが好ましい。
ウエブ(A)を構成している繊維とウエブ(B)を構成している繊維の組合わせは、特に制限はないが、ウエブ(B)を構成している繊維の極細繊維成分比率(極細繊維成分重量/[極細繊維成分重量+除去される成分重量])と、ウエブ(A)を構成している繊維の極細繊維成分比率が同一であるか、ウエブ(B)の方が大きい方が好ましい。ウエブ(A)を構成している繊維の極細繊維成分比率がウエブ(B)を構成している繊維の極細繊維成分比率より大きくなると除去される成分を除去した後の極細繊維密度の差が小さくなり、外観、折れシワ等の改良効果が小さくなる。
【0008】
またスエードタイプの皮革様シートでは、絡合処理時に部分的にウエブ(B)とウエブ(A)の混合が起るために発生する染色時の色ムラを防止するため、ウエブ(B)とウエブ(A)を構成している繊維の極細繊維デニールおよび極細繊維成分を同一、すなわち平均デニール比が0.5〜2の範囲にした方が好ましい。極細繊維発生型繊維の極細繊維成分比率、極細繊維成分のデニールは特に制限はないが、極細繊維成分比率は重量比率で0.4〜0.8、極細繊維成分のデニールは0.5デニール以下、特に0.1デニール以下が好ましい。
【0009】
ウエブ(A)を構成している繊維とウエブ(B)を構成している繊維の好適な組合わせの例としては、次の▲1▼〜▲3▼の組み合わせが挙げられる。
▲1▼ウエブ(A)繊維:海成分ポリエチレン/島成分ナイロン−6
ウエブ(B)繊維:海成分ポリエチレン(ウエブ(A)構成ポリエチレンより低重合度物や軟化温度を低下させる添加剤を添加する等の方法により、ウエブ(A)を構成するポリエチレンより軟化点を低くしたポリエチレン)/島成分ナイロン−6
▲2▼ウエブ(A)繊維:海成分ポリエチレン/島成分ポリエチレンテレフタレートウエブ(B)繊維:海成分ポリエチレン(ウエブ(A)を構成するポリエチレンより軟化点の低いポリエチレン)/島成分ナイロン−6
▲3▼ウエブ(A)繊維:海成分ポリスチレン/島成分ナイロン−6
ウエブ(B)繊維:海成分ポリエチレン/島成分ナイロン−6
【0010】
生産性の点からウエブ(A)の除去される成分と、ウエブ(B)の除去される成分は同一の溶剤に溶解あるいは、同一の分解剤に分解することが好ましい。
【0011】
本発明方法の中間物質である不織布は、上記極細繊維発生型繊維の群から前記したような組み合わせとなるように選択した少なくとも2種類の繊維をそれぞれウエブとし積層して用いるが、全てが極細繊維発生型繊維である必要はなく、ポリアクロニトリル繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、再生セルロース繊維、綿、麻、絹、羊毛などの天然繊維などの群から選ばれた繊維の少なくとも1種類を混合して用いることもできる。
【0012】
除去される成分の軟化温度が異なる2種類の繊維は、別々にカードで解繊され、ウエバーを通してランダムウエブまたはクロスラップウエブを形成する。得られた繊維ウエブを所望の重さ、厚さ、段数に積層する。この際、ウエブ(B)でウエブ(A)を挟み込むように積層し、あるいは、ウエブ(A)でウエブ(B)を挟み込むように積層して3層構造とし、中間層で2分割することにより、生産効率を上げることもできる。積層された繊維ウエブ(2分割する場合には分割したシートにおける1成分除去前換算繊維重量)の重量は100〜2000g/m2の範囲が好ましい。ウエブ(A)とウエブ(B)の比率は、特に制限はないがウエブ(A):ウエブ(B)=1:3〜4:1の範囲が好適である。次いで繊維ウエブは従来公知の方法でニードルパンチあるいは高圧水流による絡合処理を行う。繊維の絡合は十分に施されていることが、物性、外観、充実感等をより良くするうえで好ましい。
【0013】
本発明で使用される弾性高分子物質としては、ポリエステル系ポリウレタン、ポリエーテル系ポリウレタン、ポリエステル/ポリエーテル混合系ポリウレタン、ポリカーボネート系ポリウレタン、合成ゴム、天然ゴム等があるが、特に限定されるものではない。特に上記ポリウレタン系の樹脂が好ましい。
【0014】
本発明において、プレス処理に先だって行う加熱処理は、熱風炉などにより不織布全体を加熱して行う。加熱処理は、除去される成分(熱融着性成分)のうち最も軟化温度の低い成分の軟化温度(b℃)以上で、繊維構成重合体の分解温度以下であって、極細繊維成分の軟化変形温度付近(a℃)以下の温度で行うのが好ましい。極細繊維発生型繊維の構成成分によって異なるが、一般に80℃〜200℃の温度で30秒〜20分間処理する。
【0015】
本発明において施されるプレス処理は、従来公知の方法、例えばロール間を通す方法、プレス板に挟む方法等で実施できるが、加熱した状態で、連続的に、安定して製造するためには、ロール間を通す方法が望ましい。加熱処理した繊維集合体は、適当な温度に加熱したプレスロール、あるいは加熱しないまたは冷えたプレスロールで適宜な条件でプレス処理する。また除去される成分の軟化温度、b℃以上a℃以下に加熱処理した繊維集合体をプレス処理した後、さらにa℃以上に加熱処理した繊維集合体をプレス処理することにより、ウエブ(A)層とウエブ(B)層の密度差のより大きい繊維シートを得ることも出来る。
【0016】
処理して得られた繊維集合体の密度は特に限定されないが、0.25〜0.50g/cm3の範囲が好ましい。除去される成分の軟化温度が低いウエブ(B)層の密度が、除去される成分の軟化温度が高いウエブ(A)層の密度より高くなり、密度勾配を有する繊維集合体が得られる。除去される成分の軟化温度の差(a−b)は5℃以上30℃以下の範囲が用いられる。軟化温度の差(a−b)が5℃未満では密度勾配が得られにくく、30℃を越える場合には、密度勾配が大きくなりすぎるため、弾性高分子物質の含浸が困難となったり、皮革様シートの風合いや折れシワ等が不良となる。
【0017】
上記の熱処理およびプレス処理を施した繊維集合体に、さらに前記した弾性高分子物質の溶液またはエマルジョン液を含浸または塗布し、湿式法あるいは乾式法により弾性高分子物質を繊維集合体内に凝結させる。
続いて繊維集合体を構成している極細繊維発生型繊維の除去される成分を溶剤、あるいは分解剤により抽出除去する。
【0018】
このようにして作った繊維集合体と弾性高分子物質とからなる皮革様シートの基体は、このままあるいは前記したようにスライス(分割)し、ウエブ(B)からなる面をサンドペーパーで起毛して毛羽面を形成して仕上げた物は天然皮革のスエード調の製品になり、あるいはウエブ(B)からなる面に高分子物質の層を付与したり、グラビア・エンボス等の処理により銀面を形成して仕上げた物は銀付天然皮革に類似の製品となる。銀面用の樹脂としては、不織布層に含浸する樹脂と同系の樹脂、すなわちポリウレタンが好ましい。銀面層の厚さとしては、5〜200μmが好ましく、樹脂は多孔質でも、非多孔質でもよい。
こうして得られた皮革様シートは、表面層の繊維密度が、裏面層の繊維密度より高く、天然皮革類似構造となっており、柔軟で充実感があり、良好な外観、折れシワを有する皮革様シートである。
【0019】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施態様を具体的な実施例で説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。なお実施例中の部および%はことわりのない限り重量に関するものである。
【0020】
なお軟化温度は以下の方法により測定する。
軟化温度(Vicat軟化点)の測定方法:アメリカ材料試験法(ASTM D1525)に準じて測定を行う。材料を予想される軟化点より50℃下から、毎時50±1℃の割合で加熱昇温し、直径1mmの円形断面の鋼針に、1kgの負荷をかけ、針の先端が垂直に1mm侵入する温度を軟化点とした。試料片は、3.2mmの厚さのものを使用した。
【0021】
実施例1
軟化温度90℃のポリエチレンを50部と、ナイロン−6を50部用いて36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(A)(目付:500g/m2)を得た。次に、軟化温度80℃のポリエチレン(低重合度ポリエチレン)を50部と、ナイロン−6を50部用いて36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(B)(目付:150g/m2)を得た。ウエブ(B)でウエブ(A)を挟み込むように積層し、パンチ密度1000パンチ/cm2のニードルパンチ処理を施した後、88℃熱風乾燥機で3分間加熱処理し、プレスローラーで前プレス処理を行った後、130℃熱風乾燥機で3分間加熱処理し、熱風乾燥機の出口で冷却プレスローラーの間を通すことにより2.0mmに厚みあわせを行った後巻取った。この不織布は見かけ密度0.37g/cm3であり、両面が平滑で硬く優れた形態安定性を有していた。この不織布(C)を厚さ方向に3等分スライスし、それぞれの密度を測定したところ、ウエブ(B)側の見かけ密度は、各々0.40g/cm3であり、ウエブ(A)の中間層部分の見かけ密度は、0.30g/cm3であった。
【0022】
この不織布(C)に、ポリエステル系ポリウレタンの15%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を含浸し、ジメチルホルムアミド30%水溶液中で湿式凝固し、洗浄し、さらにトルエンで処理することによりポリエチレンを抽出除去した。得られたシートを厚さのほぼ中央で2分割スライスし、ウエブ(B)面をサンドペーパーで起毛し、染色仕上げ処理を行った。得られたシートは、表面が緻密な毛羽で覆われた高級感のある外観を有し、しかも柔軟で充実感のある、折れシワの良好な天然皮革類似のシートであった。
【0023】
実施例2
軟化温度90℃のポリエチレンを40部とナイロン−6を60部を用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(A)(目付:500g/m2)を得た。次に軟化温度80℃のポリエチレンを40部とナイロン−6を60部用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(B)(目付:150g/m2)を得た。ウエブ(B)でウエブ(A)を挟み込むように積層し、パンチ密度1000パンチ/cm2のニードルパンチ処理を施した後、110℃熱風乾燥機で5分間加熱処理し、熱風乾燥機の出口で冷却プレスローラーの間を通すことにより2.2mmに厚みあわせを行った後、巻取った。この不織布は見かけ密度0.34g/cm3であり、両面が平滑で硬く優れた形態安定性を有していた。この不織布(D)を厚さ方向に3等分スライスし、密度を測定したところ、(B)側の見かけ密度は、0.35g/cm3であり、(A)側の見かけ密度は、0.32g/cm3であった。
【0024】
この不織布(D)にポリエステル/ポリエーテル混合系ポリウレタンの15%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を含浸し、ジメチルホルムアミド30%水溶液中で湿式凝固し、洗浄し、さらにトルエンで処理することによりポリエチレンを抽出除去した。得られたシートを厚さのほぼ中央で2分割スライスし、ウエブ(B)面に、離型紙を用いて乾式造面処理を行いポリエーテル系ポリウレタンの被覆層を付与した。この銀面タイプ皮革様シート状物は、平滑であり、柔軟で充実感を有し、折れシワの良好な天然皮革類似のシート状物であった。
【0025】
実施例3
軟化温度90℃のポリエチレンを40部とポリエチレンテレフタレート60部を用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(A)(目付:300g/m)を得た。次に、軟化温度80℃のポリエチレンを40部とナイロン−6を60部用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにてポリエチレンが海成分となるように溶融紡糸し10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(B)(目付:150g/m)を得た。ウエブ(B)をウエブ(A)の上に積層し、パンチ密度1000パンチ/c のニードルパンチ処理を施した後、130℃熱風乾燥機で3分間加熱処理し、熱風乾燥機の出口で冷却プレスローラーの間を通すことにより1.3mmに厚みあわせを行った後巻取った。この不織布は見かけ密度0.30g/cmであり、両面が平滑で硬く優れた形態安定性を有していた。この不織布(E)を2等分スライスし密度を測定したところ、ウエブ(B)を含む層の見かけ密度は、0.32g/cmであり、ウエブ(A)層側の見かけ密度は、0.28g/cmであった。
【0026】
この不織布(E)にポリエステル/ポリエーテル混合系ポリウレタンの15%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を含浸した後、ポリエステル系ポリウレタンの20%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液をウエブ(B)層の表面にウエットで300g/m2塗布し、ジメチルホルムアミド30%水溶液中で湿式凝固し、洗浄し、さらにトルエンで処理することによりポリエチレンを抽出除去した。得られたシートのポリウレタン湿式凝固層上にグラビア・エンボス処理を施し、皮革様シートを得た。この銀面タイプ皮革様シートは平滑であり、柔軟で充実感を有し、折れシワの良好な天然皮革類似のシートであった。
【0027】
比較例1
軟化温度80℃のポリエチレンを40部とナイロン−6を60部用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにて溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(目付:1200g/m2)を得た。ニードルパンチ処理を施した後、130℃熱風乾燥機で3分間加熱処理し、熱風乾燥機の出口で冷却プレスローラーの間を通すことにより2.0mmに厚みあわせを行った後、巻取った。この不織布は見かけ密度約0.55g/cm3であり、両面が平滑で硬く優れた形態安定性を有していた。
【0028】
この不織布に、ポリエステル系ポリウレタンの15%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を含浸し、ジメチルホルムアミド30%水溶液中で湿式凝固し、洗浄し、さらにトルエンによりポリエチレンを抽出除去した。得られたシート状物を厚さのほぼ中央で2分割し、スライスしていない面をサンドペーパーで起毛し、染色仕上げ処理を行った。このシートは、緻密な毛羽で覆われた高級感のある外観を有していたが、実施例1の皮革様シートに比較して硬く柔軟性に劣る物であった。またトルエンによるポリエチレンの抽出除去に時間がかかり生産性の劣る物であった。
【0029】
比較例2
軟化温度が90℃のポリエチレンを0部とナイロン−6を60部用い、36島ニードルパイプ型ノズルにて溶融紡糸し、10デニールの極細繊維発生型繊維を得た。この極細繊維発生型繊維を延伸、カーディング、クロスラップ処理を行ってウエブ(目付:500g/m)を得た。ニードルパンチ処理を施した後、110℃熱風乾燥機で3分間加熱処理し、熱風乾燥機の出口で冷却プレスローラーの間を通すことにより2.0mmに厚みあわせを行った後、巻取った。この不織布は見かけ密度約0.22g/cmであり、両面が平滑で硬く優れた形態安定性を有していた。
【0030】
この不織布に、ポリエステル系ポリウレタンの15%ジメチルホルムアミド溶液を含浸し、ジメチルホルムアミド30%水溶液中で湿式凝固し、洗浄し、さらにトルエンによりポリエチレンを抽出除去した。得られたシートを厚さのほぼ中央で2分割し、スライスしていない面をサンドペーパーで起毛し、染色仕上げ処理を行った。この皮革様シートは柔軟な風合を有していたが、実施例1の皮革様シートに比較して表面の毛羽密度が低く、安っぽい外観であった。また、折れシワもホネ立ちがあり高級感にかけるものであった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したごとく、本発明の製造方法を用いたならば、柔軟で充実感があり、良好な外観、折れシワを有する天然皮革類似皮革様シートを得ることができる。本発明で得られる皮革様シートは、靴、鞄、衣類、手袋、ベルト、その他の衣類パーツ等に用いることができる。
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a leather-like sheet similar to natural leather, which is flexible and full, has a good appearance, and has wrinkles.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, to obtain a good appearance like natural leather, flexibility, fullness, folding wrinkles, etc., change the density of surface and inner layers of leather-like sheets, fiber denier, etc. to obtain density gradient, fineness gradient, etc. Many attempts have been proposed. For example, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-29548, after laminating two types of multi-component fibers having different solvent solubility, only one type of solvent-soluble component is dissolved and removed, and a density improvement treatment is applied to provide a density gradient. How to do is described.
[0003]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 46-6111 discloses two or more types of ultrafine fibers having different fiber thicknesses, two or more types of ultrafine fiber bundles having different numbers of fibers in the fiber bundle, or different thicknesses of individual fibers. And two or more types of ultrafine fiber bundles having different numbers of fibers in the fiber bundle, and at least one of the fiber thickness and the number of fibers in the fiber bundle varies in the thickness direction of the fiber sheet. A method for producing a fibrous sheet characterized by the above, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-32302 describes a method for imparting a density gradient in the thickness direction by impregnating a polymer material from one side of a nonwoven fabric. Has been. Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-18599 discloses a method of forming a structure similar to natural leather by laminating and shrinking a fiber having a large denier in order as it goes to the lower layer using thin denier fibers in the surface layer. Japanese Patent No. 24227 proposes a method of laminating and thinning two types of thinnable fibers having different ultrafine fiber deniers and then spraying a high-speed fluid flow.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The fiber sheet produced by the conventional method cannot have a sufficiently large density gradient between the surface layer and the inner layer (back layer), or the manufacturing process is very complicated and complicated. When the fiber of the inner layer protrudes from the fiber sheet surface due to the treatment, there is a problem that color unevenness occurs at the time of dyeing.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple method for producing a leather-like sheet that is flexible and full, has a good appearance, and has wrinkles.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is different from the web (A) composed of ultrafine fiber-generating fibers in which the softening temperature of the component to be removed which is composed of two or more kinds of polymer substances having different solubility in the solvent is a ° C. A web (B) made of ultrafine fiber-generating fibers composed of two or more kinds of polymer substances and having a softening temperature of b.degree. C. is laminated, entangled, heated, and heated. In the method of producing a leather-like sheet by performing a press treatment in the above, then impregnating and solidifying the obtained fiber sheet with a solution or dispersion of an elastic polymer, and further performing an ultrafine fiber generation treatment, the softening temperatures a and b are A method for producing a leather-like sheet, wherein a> b is satisfied, and the temperature of the fiber is set to b ° C. or higher by the heat treatment.
[0006]
The component to be removed from the ultrafine fiber generating fiber used in the present invention is a polymer having a melting point or softening point lower than that of the ultrafine fiber component by 10 ° C. or more and soluble in a solvent or decomposed by a decomposing agent, such as polyethylene or ethylene. At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a copolymer, an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or a partially saponified product thereof, polystyrene or styrene copolymer, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, or vinyl chloride copolymer; Can be mentioned.
The ultrafine fiber component is a polymer whose solvent or decomposing agent is different from the component to be removed. For example, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate or ethylene terephthalate copolymer, polybutylene terephthalate or butylene terephthalate copolymer, nylon-6 , Nylon-66, nylon-610, nylon-12, polyamide such as polyamide containing an aromatic ring, polypropylene, saponified product of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and the like. It is done.
[0007]
These components to be removed and ultrafine fiber components are used to spin into ultrafine fiber generating fibers such as sea-island cross-section structure fibers, alternating laminated cross-section structure fibers, and microfibril-bounded cross-section structure fibers. It is preferable that a part of the surface of the ultrafine fiber generating fiber is covered with a component (heat-fusible component) to be removed.
The combination of the fibers constituting the web (A) and the fibers constituting the web (B) is not particularly limited, but the ultrafine fiber component ratio of the fibers constituting the web (B) (ultrafine fibers) Component weight / [Ultrafine fiber component weight + Removed component weight]) and the ultrafine fiber component ratio of the fibers constituting the web (A) are the same or the web (B) is preferably larger. . When the ultrafine fiber component ratio of the fibers constituting the web (A) is larger than the ultrafine fiber component ratio of the fibers constituting the web (B), the difference in the ultrafine fiber density after removing the removed components is small. As a result, the improvement effect such as appearance and crease is reduced.
[0008]
In addition, in the case of a suede type leather-like sheet, the web (B) and the web are prevented in order to prevent color unevenness at the time of dyeing that occurs because the web (B) and the web (A) are partially mixed during the entanglement process. It is preferable that the ultrafine fiber denier and the ultrafine fiber component of the fibers constituting (A) are the same, that is, the average denier ratio is in the range of 0.5-2. The ultrafine fiber component ratio of the ultrafine fiber generation type fiber and the denier of the ultrafine fiber component are not particularly limited, but the ultrafine fiber component ratio is 0.4 to 0.8 by weight, and the denier of the ultrafine fiber component is 0.5 denier or less. In particular, 0.1 denier or less is preferable.
[0009]
Examples of suitable combinations of the fibers constituting the web (A) and the fibers constituting the web (B) include the following combinations (1) to (3).
(1) Web (A) fiber: sea component polyethylene / island component nylon-6
Web (B) fiber: Sea component polyethylene (lower softening point than polyethylene constituting the web (A) by adding a polymer having a lower degree of polymerization or an additive for lowering the softening temperature than the polyethylene constituting the web (A). Polyethylene) / Island Component Nylon-6
(2) Web (A) fiber: sea component polyethylene / island component polyethylene terephthalate web (B) fiber: sea component polyethylene (polyethylene having a lower softening point than polyethylene constituting the web (A)) / island component nylon-6
(3) Web (A) fiber: sea component polystyrene / island component nylon-6
Web (B) fiber: sea component polyethylene / island component nylon-6
[0010]
From the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferable that the component from which the web (A) is removed and the component from which the web (B) is removed are dissolved in the same solvent or decomposed into the same decomposition agent.
[0011]
The non-woven fabric, which is an intermediate substance of the method of the present invention, is used by laminating at least two types of fibers selected from the above-mentioned group of ultrafine fiber generating fibers as a combination as described above. It is not necessary to be a generation type fiber, and a mixture of at least one kind of fibers selected from the group of natural fibers such as polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, regenerated cellulose fiber, cotton, hemp, silk, wool, etc. is used. You can also.
[0012]
Two types of fibers having different softening temperatures of the components to be removed are defibrated separately with a card to form a random web or a cross-wrap web through the web. The obtained fiber web is laminated in a desired weight, thickness, and number of steps. At this time, by laminating the web (A) with the web (B), or laminating the web (B) with the web (A) to form a three-layer structure, and dividing into two in the intermediate layer It can also increase production efficiency. The weight of the laminated fiber web (when divided into two, the converted fiber weight before removal of one component in the divided sheet) is preferably in the range of 100 to 2000 g / m 2 . The ratio of the web (A) to the web (B) is not particularly limited, but a range of web (A): web (B) = 1: 3 to 4: 1 is preferable. Next, the fiber web is entangled by needle punching or high-pressure water flow by a conventionally known method. It is preferable that the fibers are sufficiently entangled in order to improve physical properties, appearance, a sense of fulfillment, and the like.
[0013]
Examples of the elastic polymer substance used in the present invention include polyester-based polyurethane, polyether-based polyurethane, polyester / polyether mixed polyurethane, polycarbonate-based polyurethane, synthetic rubber, and natural rubber, but are not particularly limited. Absent. The polyurethane resin is particularly preferable.
[0014]
In the present invention, the heat treatment performed prior to the press treatment is performed by heating the entire nonwoven fabric using a hot air furnace or the like. The heat treatment is not less than the softening temperature (b ° C.) of the component having the lowest softening temperature among the components to be removed (heat-fusible component), not more than the decomposition temperature of the fiber constituent polymer, and softening the ultrafine fiber component. It is preferable to carry out at a temperature near the deformation temperature (a ° C.) or lower. Generally, the treatment is performed at a temperature of 80 ° C. to 200 ° C. for 30 seconds to 20 minutes, depending on the constituents of the ultrafine fiber generating fiber.
[0015]
The press treatment applied in the present invention can be carried out by a conventionally known method, for example, a method of passing between rolls, a method of sandwiching between press plates, etc., but in order to produce continuously and stably in a heated state. A method of passing between the rolls is desirable. The heat-treated fiber assembly is pressed under appropriate conditions with a press roll heated to a suitable temperature, or with a press roll not heated or cooled. Further, after pressing the fiber assembly heat-treated at the softening temperature of the component to be removed, b ° C. or more and a ° C. or less, and further pressing the fiber assembly heat-treated to a ° C. or more, the web (A) A fiber sheet having a larger density difference between the layer and the web (B) layer can also be obtained.
[0016]
The density of the fiber aggregate obtained by the treatment is not particularly limited, but a range of 0.25 to 0.50 g / cm 3 is preferable. The density of the web (B) layer having a low softening temperature of the component to be removed becomes higher than the density of the web (A) layer having a high softening temperature of the component to be removed, and a fiber assembly having a density gradient is obtained. The difference (ab) between the softening temperatures of the components to be removed is in the range of 5 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower. If the difference in softening temperature (ab) is less than 5 ° C, it is difficult to obtain a density gradient, and if it exceeds 30 ° C, the density gradient becomes too large and impregnation with an elastic polymer substance becomes difficult. The texture and crease of the sheet will be poor.
[0017]
The fiber aggregate subjected to the above heat treatment and press treatment is further impregnated or coated with the solution or emulsion liquid of the elastic polymer substance described above, and the elastic polymer substance is condensed in the fiber aggregate by a wet method or a dry method.
Subsequently, the components to be removed of the ultrafine fiber generating fibers constituting the fiber assembly are extracted and removed with a solvent or a decomposing agent.
[0018]
The base of the leather-like sheet made of the fiber assembly and the elastic polymer material thus made is sliced (divided) as it is or as described above, and the surface made of the web (B) is raised with sandpaper. The finished product with a fuzzy surface becomes a natural leather suede-like product, or a layer of polymer material is added to the surface made of web (B), or a silver surface is formed by a process such as gravure or embossing. The finished product is similar to natural leather with silver. As the resin for the silver surface, a resin similar to the resin impregnated in the nonwoven fabric layer, that is, polyurethane is preferable. The thickness of the silver surface layer is preferably 5 to 200 μm, and the resin may be porous or non-porous.
The leather-like sheet thus obtained has a fiber density of the surface layer higher than the fiber density of the back layer, has a structure similar to natural leather, is soft and full, has a good appearance, and has a crease and wrinkle It is a sheet.
[0019]
【Example】
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, “part” and “%” relate to weight unless otherwise specified.
[0020]
The softening temperature is measured by the following method.
Method for measuring softening temperature (Vicat softening point): Measurement is performed according to the American Material Testing Method (ASTM D1525). The material is heated at a rate of 50 ± 1 ° C per hour from 50 ° C below the expected softening point, a 1 kg load is applied to a steel cross section with a diameter of 1 mm, and the tip of the needle enters 1 mm vertically. The temperature to be used was defined as the softening point. A sample piece having a thickness of 3.2 mm was used.
[0021]
Example 1
50 parts of polyethylene with a softening temperature of 90 ° C. and 50 parts of nylon-6 were melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene would be a sea component, and a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber was obtained. . This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (A) (weight per unit: 500 g / m 2 ). Next, 50 parts of polyethylene having a softening temperature of 80 ° C. (low polymerization degree polyethylene) and 50 parts of nylon-6 were melt-spun using a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene becomes a sea component, and 10 denier. The ultrafine fiber generation type fiber was obtained. This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (B) (weight per unit: 150 g / m 2 ). After laminating the web (A) with the web (B), needle punching with a punch density of 1000 punches / cm 2 , heat treatment with 88 ° C hot air dryer for 3 minutes, and pre-press treatment with a press roller Then, the film was heat treated for 3 minutes with a 130 ° C. hot air dryer, passed through a cooling press roller at the outlet of the hot air dryer, adjusted to 2.0 mm, and then wound. This nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of 0.37 g / cm 3 and was smooth and hard on both sides, and had excellent shape stability. When this nonwoven fabric (C) was sliced into three equal parts in the thickness direction and the respective densities were measured, the apparent density on the web (B) side was 0.40 g / cm 3 , respectively. The apparent density of the layer portion was 0.30 g / cm 3 .
[0022]
The nonwoven fabric (C) was impregnated with a 15% dimethylformamide solution of polyester-based polyurethane, wet coagulated in a 30% aqueous solution of dimethylformamide, washed, and further treated with toluene to extract and remove polyethylene. The obtained sheet was sliced into two at approximately the center of the thickness, the web (B) surface was raised with sandpaper, and a dyeing finish treatment was performed. The obtained sheet was a natural leather-like sheet having a high-quality appearance whose surface was covered with fine fluff, and having a soft and solid feeling and good folding and wrinkling.
[0023]
Example 2
40 parts of polyethylene with a softening temperature of 90 ° C. and 60 parts of nylon-6 were melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene would be a sea component, and a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber was obtained. . This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (A) (weight per unit: 500 g / m 2 ). Next, 40 parts of polyethylene with a softening temperature of 80 ° C. and 60 parts of nylon-6 are melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene becomes a sea component, and a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber is obtained. It was. This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (B) (weight per unit: 150 g / m 2 ). After laminating the web (A) with the web (B) and performing needle punching with a punch density of 1000 punches / cm 2 , heat treatment is performed for 5 minutes with a 110 ° C. hot air dryer, and at the exit of the hot air dryer The thickness was adjusted to 2.2 mm by passing between cooling press rollers, and then wound up. This nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of 0.34 g / cm 3 , was smooth on both sides, was hard, and had excellent shape stability. When this nonwoven fabric (D) was sliced into three equal parts in the thickness direction and the density was measured, the apparent density on the (B) side was 0.35 g / cm 3 , and the apparent density on the (A) side was 0 It was 0.32 g / cm 3 .
[0024]
The nonwoven fabric (D) was impregnated with a 15% dimethylformamide solution of polyester / polyether mixed polyurethane, wet coagulated in a 30% dimethylformamide aqueous solution, washed, and further treated with toluene to extract and remove polyethylene. The obtained sheet was sliced into two at almost the center of the thickness, and a dry surface-forming treatment was performed on the surface of the web (B) using a release paper to give a polyether polyurethane coating layer. This silver surface type leather-like sheet-like material was smooth, flexible and solid, and was a sheet-like material similar to natural leather with good folding and wrinkles.
[0025]
Example 3
Using 40 parts of polyethylene having a softening temperature of 90 ° C. and 60 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, melt spinning was carried out with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene would be a sea component, and 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fibers were obtained. This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (A) (weight per unit: 300 g / m 2 ). Next, 40 parts of polyethylene having a softening temperature of 80 ° C. and 60 parts of nylon-6 are melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle so that polyethylene becomes a sea component, and a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber is obtained. It was. This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (B) (weight per unit: 150 g / m 2 ). The web (B) is laminated on the web (A) and subjected to needle punching with a punch density of 1000 punches / cm 2 , and then heat treated for 3 minutes with a 130 ° C. hot air dryer, and at the outlet of the hot air dryer. The thickness was adjusted to 1.3 mm by passing between cooling press rollers, and then wound. This nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of 0.30 g / cm 3 , was smooth and hard on both sides, and had excellent shape stability. When this nonwoven fabric (E) was sliced into two equal parts and the density was measured, the apparent density of the layer containing the web (B) was 0.32 g / cm 3 , and the apparent density on the web (A) layer side was 0 .28 g / cm 3 .
[0026]
This nonwoven fabric (E) was impregnated with a 15% dimethylformamide solution of polyester / polyether mixed polyurethane, and then a 20% dimethylformamide solution of polyester polyurethane was applied to the surface of the web (B) by 300 g / m 2 by wet. Polyethylene was extracted and removed by wet coagulation in a 30% aqueous solution of dimethylformamide, washing, and treatment with toluene. The polyurethane wet solidified layer of the obtained sheet was subjected to a gravure / emboss treatment to obtain a leather-like sheet. This silver surface type leather-like sheet was smooth, flexible and full of texture, and was a sheet similar to natural leather with good folding and wrinkling.
[0027]
Comparative Example 1
40 parts of polyethylene having a softening temperature of 80 ° C. and 60 parts of nylon-6 were melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle to obtain a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber. The ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (weight per unit area: 1200 g / m 2 ). After the needle punching treatment, heat treatment was performed for 3 minutes with a 130 ° C. hot air dryer, and the thickness was adjusted to 2.0 mm by passing between cooling press rollers at the outlet of the hot air dryer, and then wound. This nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of about 0.55 g / cm 3 , was smooth on both sides, was hard, and had excellent shape stability.
[0028]
This nonwoven fabric was impregnated with a 15% dimethylformamide solution of polyester polyurethane, wet-coagulated in a 30% aqueous solution of dimethylformamide, washed, and polyethylene was extracted and removed with toluene. The obtained sheet-like material was divided into two at almost the center of the thickness, and the unsliced surface was raised with sandpaper, followed by a dyeing finish treatment. Although this sheet had a high-grade appearance covered with dense fluff, it was harder and less flexible than the leather-like sheet of Example 1. Moreover, it took a long time to extract and remove polyethylene with toluene, resulting in poor productivity.
[0029]
Comparative Example 2
40 parts of polyethylene having a softening temperature of 90 ° C. and 60 parts of nylon-6 were melt-spun with a 36 island needle pipe type nozzle to obtain a 10 denier ultrafine fiber generating fiber. This ultrafine fiber-generating fiber was stretched, carded, and cross-wrapped to obtain a web (weight per unit area: 500 g / m 2 ). After the needle punching treatment, heat treatment was performed for 3 minutes with a 110 ° C. hot air dryer, the thickness was adjusted to 2.0 mm by passing between the cooling press rollers at the outlet of the hot air dryer, and then wound. This nonwoven fabric had an apparent density of about 0.22 g / cm 3 , was smooth and hard on both sides, and had excellent shape stability.
[0030]
This nonwoven fabric was impregnated with a 15% dimethylformamide solution of polyester polyurethane, wet-coagulated in a 30% aqueous solution of dimethylformamide, washed, and polyethylene was extracted and removed with toluene. The obtained sheet was divided into two at approximately the center of the thickness, and the unsliced surface was raised with sandpaper, followed by a dyeing finish treatment. Although this leather-like sheet had a soft texture, the surface fluff density was lower than that of the leather-like sheet of Example 1, and the appearance was cheap. In addition, folding wrinkles were standing up and added a sense of luxury.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, if the production method of the present invention is used, a natural leather-like leather-like sheet that is flexible and has a satisfactory feeling, has a good appearance, and has wrinkles can be obtained. The leather-like sheet obtained in the present invention can be used for shoes, bags, clothing, gloves, belts, other clothing parts, and the like.

Claims (6)

溶剤に対する溶解性の異なる2種以上の高分子物質からなり除去される成分の軟化温度がa℃である極細繊維発生型繊維からなるウエブ(A)と、溶剤に対する溶解性の異なる2種以上の高分子物質からなり除去される成分の軟化温度がb℃である極細繊維発生型繊維からなるウエブ(B)を積層し、絡合処理を行った後、加熱処理し、加熱状態でプレス処理を行い、次いで得られた繊維シートに弾性ポリマーの溶液または分散液を含浸凝固させ、さらに極細繊維発生処理を行うことにより皮革様シートを製造する方法において、該軟化温度a,bがa>bを満足し、かつ該加熱処理により繊維の温度をb℃以上とすることを特徴とする皮革様シートの製造方法。  A web (A) composed of ultrafine fiber-generating fibers having a softening temperature of a ° C. composed of two or more polymer substances having different solubility in a solvent and a removed temperature, and two or more kinds having different solubility in a solvent After laminating a web (B) made of ultrafine fiber-generating fibers having a softening temperature of b ° C., the component to be removed made of a polymer substance, entangled and then heat-treated, and pressed in the heated state. In the method of producing a leather-like sheet by impregnating and solidifying the obtained fiber sheet with a solution or dispersion of an elastic polymer, and further performing an ultrafine fiber generation treatment, wherein the softening temperatures a and b satisfy a> b A method for producing a leather-like sheet, which is satisfied and the fiber temperature is set to b ° C. or higher by the heat treatment. 極細繊維発生型繊維を構成する除去される成分の軟化温度が極細繊維形成成分の軟化温度より低く、かつ極細繊維発生型繊維表面の少なくとも一部分に除去される成分が存在している請求項1に記載の製造方法。  The softening temperature of the component to be removed constituting the ultrafine fiber generating fiber is lower than the softening temperature of the ultrafine fiber forming component, and the component to be removed is present on at least a part of the surface of the ultrafine fiber generating fiber. The manufacturing method as described. ウエブ(A)およびウエブ(B)をそれぞれ主体として構成する極細繊維発生型繊維が、ポリエチレンとポリアミドからなる繊維、あるいはポリエチレンとポリエステルからなる繊維である請求項1に記載の製造方法。 2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafine fiber generating fibers mainly composed of the web (A) and the web (B) are fibers made of polyethylene and polyamide, or fibers made of polyethylene and polyester. ウエブ(B)側の面に弾性重合体からなる被覆層を付与する請求項1に記載の製造方法。  The manufacturing method of Claim 1 which provides the coating layer which consists of an elastic polymer to the surface at the side of a web (B). ウエブ(B)側の面を起毛処理する請求項1に記載の製造方法。  The production method according to claim 1, wherein the surface on the web (B) side is raised. a−bが5〜30℃である請求項1記載の製造方法。  The production method according to claim 1, wherein ab is 5 to 30 ° C.
JP03156197A 1997-02-17 1997-02-17 Leather-like sheet manufacturing method Expired - Fee Related JP3728480B2 (en)

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JP4128312B2 (en) * 1999-02-24 2008-07-30 株式会社クラレ Leather-like sheet with surface napping
TW526303B (en) * 2000-01-06 2003-04-01 Kuraray Co Artificial leather shoe and artificial leather suited therefor
EP2557223A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2013-02-13 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Leather-like sheet

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