JP3724490B2 - Light emitting diode - Google Patents
Light emitting diode Download PDFInfo
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- JP3724490B2 JP3724490B2 JP2004011214A JP2004011214A JP3724490B2 JP 3724490 B2 JP3724490 B2 JP 3724490B2 JP 2004011214 A JP2004011214 A JP 2004011214A JP 2004011214 A JP2004011214 A JP 2004011214A JP 3724490 B2 JP3724490 B2 JP 3724490B2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45144—Gold (Au) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
- H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
- H01L2224/48257—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a die pad of the item
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
- H01L2224/491—Disposition
- H01L2224/49105—Connecting at different heights
- H01L2224/49107—Connecting at different heights on the semiconductor or solid-state body
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Description
本発明は発光素子を樹脂モールドで包囲してなる発光ダイオード(以下LEDという)に係り、特に一種類の発光素子で多種類の発光ができ、さらに高輝度な波長変換発光ダイオードに関する。 The present invention relates to a light emitting diode (hereinafter referred to as an LED) in which a light emitting element is surrounded by a resin mold, and more particularly to a wavelength conversion light emitting diode capable of emitting various types of light with a single type of light emitting element and having higher brightness.
一般に、LEDは図1に示すような構造を有している。1は1mm角以下に切断された例えばGaAlAs、GaP等よりなる発光素子、2はメタルステム、3はメタルポスト、4は発光素子を包囲する樹脂モールドである。発光素子1の裏面電極はメタルステム2に銀ペースト等で接着され電気的に接続されており、発光素子1の表面電極は他端子であるメタルポスト3から伸ばされた金線によりその表面でワイヤボンドされ、さらに発光素子1は透明な樹脂モールド4でモールドされている。
In general, an LED has a structure as shown in FIG.
通常、樹脂モールド4は、発光素子の発光を空気中に効率よく放出する目的で、屈折率が高く、かつ透明度の高い樹脂が選択されるが、他に、その発光素子の発光色を変換する目的で、あるいは色を補正する目的で、その樹脂モールド4の中に着色剤として無機顔料、または有機顔料が混入される場合がある。例えば、GaPの半導体材料を有する緑色発光素子の樹脂モールド中に、赤色顔料を添加すれば発光色は白色とすることができる。
Usually, a resin having a high refractive index and high transparency is selected for the
しかしながら、従来、樹脂モールドに着色剤を添加して波長を変換するという技術はほとんど実用化されておらず、着色剤により色補正する技術がわずかに使われているのみである。なぜなら、樹脂モールドに、波長を変換できるほどの非発光物質である着色剤を添加すると、LEDそのもの自体の輝度が大きく低下してしまうからである。 However, conventionally, a technique for converting a wavelength by adding a colorant to a resin mold has hardly been put to practical use, and a technique for color correction with a colorant is used only slightly. This is because if the colorant, which is a non-light-emitting substance capable of converting the wavelength, is added to the resin mold, the luminance of the LED itself is greatly reduced.
ところで、現在、LEDとして実用化されているのは、赤外、赤、黄色、緑色発光のLEDであり、青色または紫外のLEDは未だ実用化されていない。青色、紫外発光の発光素子はII-VI族のZnSe、IV-IV族のSiC、III-V族のGaN等の半導体材料を用いて研究が進められ、最近、その中でも一般式がGaXAl1-XN(但しXは0≦X≦1である。)で表される窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体が、常温で、比較的優れた発光を示すことが発表され注目されている。また、窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体を用いて、初めてpn接合を実現したLEDが発表されている(応用物理,60巻,2号,p163〜p166,1991)。それによるとpn接合の窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体を有するLEDの発光波長は、主として430nm付近にあり、さらに370nm付近の紫外域にも発光ピークを有している。その波長は上記半導体材料の中で最も短い波長である。しかし、そのLEDは発光波長が示すように紫色に近い発光色を有しているため視感度が悪いという欠点がある。 Incidentally, infrared, red, yellow, and green light emitting LEDs are currently put into practical use as LEDs, and blue or ultraviolet LEDs have not been put into practical use yet. Blue and ultraviolet light emitting devices have been studied using semiconductor materials such as II-VI group ZnSe, IV-IV group SiC, III-V group GaN, etc. Recently, the general formula is GaXAl1-XN. It has been noted that a gallium nitride compound semiconductor represented by (where X is 0 ≦ X ≦ 1) exhibits relatively excellent light emission at room temperature. In addition, an LED which has realized a pn junction for the first time using a gallium nitride compound semiconductor has been announced (Applied Physics, Vol. 60, No. 2, p163 to p166, 1991). According to this, the emission wavelength of an LED having a pn junction gallium nitride compound semiconductor is mainly in the vicinity of 430 nm, and also has an emission peak in the ultraviolet region near 370 nm. The wavelength is the shortest wavelength among the semiconductor materials. However, since the LED has a light emission color close to purple as indicated by the light emission wavelength, there is a drawback that the visibility is poor.
本発明はこのような事情を鑑みなされたもので、その目的とするところは、発光ピークが430nm付近、および370nm付近にある窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体材料よりなる発光素子を有するLEDの視感度を良くし、またその輝度を向上させることにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the visibility of an LED having a light emitting element made of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor material having an emission peak near 430 nm and 370 nm. And to improve the brightness.
本発明の発光ダイオードは、凹状部分のメタル上に配置される発光素子を樹脂で包囲している。前記発光素子は、n型及びp型に積層されてなる窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体であり、前記発光素子の電極とメタルとを金線によりワイヤボンドされて電気的に接続している。前記樹脂には、前記発光素子からの光により励起されて、励起波長よりも長波長の可視光を出して発光ダイオードの色補正をすると共に、視感度を良くする蛍光染料又は蛍光顔料が添加されており、かつ、断面において凸状に前記樹脂を形成している。 In the light emitting diode of the present invention, the light emitting element disposed on the metal in the concave portion is surrounded by resin. The light-emitting element is a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layered in an n-type and a p-type, and the electrode of the light-emitting element and the metal are wire-bonded by a gold wire and electrically connected. The resin is excited by light from the light-emitting element, and emits visible light having a wavelength longer than the excitation wavelength to correct the color of the light-emitting diode and is added with a fluorescent dye or fluorescent pigment that improves the visibility. And the resin is formed in a convex shape in cross section.
蛍光染料、蛍光顔料は、一般に短波長の光によって励起され、励起波長よりも長波長光を発光する。逆に長波長の光によって励起されて短波長の光を発光する蛍光顔料もあるが、それはエネルギー効率が非常に悪く微弱にしか発光しない。前記したように窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体はLEDに使用される半導体材料中で最も短波長側にその発光ピークを有するものであり、しかも紫外域にも発光ピークを有している。そのためそれを発光素子の材料として使用した場合、その発光素子を包囲する樹脂モールドに蛍光染料、蛍光顔料を添加することにより、最も好適にそれら蛍光物質を励起することができる。したがって青色LEDの色補正はいうにおよばず、蛍光染料、蛍光顔料の種類によって数々の波長の光を変換することができる。さらに、短波長の光を長波長に変え、エネルギー効率がよい為、添加する蛍光染料、蛍光顔料が微量で済み、輝度の低下の点からも非常に好都合である。 Fluorescent dyes and fluorescent pigments are generally excited by light having a short wavelength and emit light having a wavelength longer than the excitation wavelength. Conversely, there are fluorescent pigments that are excited by long-wavelength light to emit short-wavelength light, but they are very energy efficient and emit only faint light. As described above, the gallium nitride compound semiconductor has an emission peak on the shortest wavelength side among semiconductor materials used for LEDs, and also has an emission peak in the ultraviolet region. Therefore, when it is used as a material for a light emitting device, the fluorescent material can be excited most preferably by adding a fluorescent dye or fluorescent pigment to a resin mold surrounding the light emitting device. Therefore, it goes without saying that the color of the blue LED is corrected, and light of various wavelengths can be converted depending on the type of fluorescent dye or fluorescent pigment. Furthermore, since the short wavelength light is changed to the long wavelength and the energy efficiency is high, the amount of the fluorescent dye and fluorescent pigment to be added is very small, which is very convenient from the viewpoint of lowering the luminance.
図2は本発明のLEDの構造を示す一実施例である。11はサファイア基板の上にGaAlNがn型およびp型に積層されてなる青色発光素子、2および3は図1と同じくメタルステム、メタルポスト、4は発光素子を包囲する樹脂モールドである。発光素子11の裏面はサファイアの絶縁基板であり裏面から電極を取り出せないため、GaAlN層のn電極をメタルステム2と電気的に接続するため、GaAlN層をエッチングしてn型層の表面を露出させてオーミック電極を付け、金線によって電気的に接続する手法が取られている。また他の電極は図1と同様にメタルポスト3から伸ばした金線によりp型層の表面でワイヤボンドされている。さらに樹脂モールド4には420〜440nm付近の波長によって励起されて480nmに発光ピークを有する波長を発光する蛍光染料5が添加されている。
FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure of the LED of the present invention.
11・・・発光素子
2・・・メタルステム
3・・・メタルポスト
4・・・樹脂モールド
5・・・蛍光染料。
11 ... Light emitting element
2 ... Metal stem 3 ... Metal post
4 ... Resin
Claims (1)
前記発光素子は、n型及びp型に積層されてなる窒化ガリウム系化合物半導体であり、前記発光素子の電極とメタルとを金線によりワイヤボンドされて電気的に接続しており、前記樹脂には、前記発光素子からの光により励起されて、励起波長よりも長波長の可視光を出して発光ダイオードの色補正をすると共に、視感度を良くする蛍光染料又は蛍光顔料が添加されており、かつ、断面において凸状に前記樹脂を形成してなる発光ダイオード。 In the light-emitting diode that surrounds the light-emitting element disposed on the metal of the concave portion with resin,
The light emitting element is a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layered in an n-type and a p-type, and the electrode of the light emitting element and a metal are wire-bonded by a gold wire and electrically connected to the resin. Is excited by light from the light-emitting element, emits visible light having a wavelength longer than the excitation wavelength, corrects the color of the light-emitting diode , and is added with a fluorescent dye or fluorescent pigment that improves the visibility, And the light emitting diode which forms the said resin in convex shape in a cross section.
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JP2004011214A JP3724490B2 (en) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-01-19 | Light emitting diode |
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JP2004011214A JP3724490B2 (en) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-01-19 | Light emitting diode |
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JP2003067318A Division JP2003234513A (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2003-02-04 | Resin for wavelength conversion light-emitting diode allowing fluorescent dye or fluorescent pigment to be added |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009041237A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Showa Denko K.K. | Iii nitride semiconductor light emitting element |
US7868340B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2011-01-11 | Bridgelux, Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating white light from solid state light emitting devices |
US8659034B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2014-02-25 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state white light emitter and display using same |
US9115868B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 | 2015-08-25 | Intematix Corporation | Wavelength conversion component with improved protective characteristics for remote wavelength conversion |
US9739444B2 (en) | 2007-03-05 | 2017-08-22 | Intematix Corporation | Light emitting diode (LED) based lighting systems |
US10204888B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2019-02-12 | Intematix Corporation | LED-based light sources for light emitting devices and lighting arrangements with photoluminescence wavelength conversion |
US10234725B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2019-03-19 | Intematix Corporation | Photoluminescence color display |
US10557594B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2020-02-11 | Intematix Corporation | Solid-state lamps utilizing photoluminescence wavelength conversion components |
-
2004
- 2004-01-19 JP JP2004011214A patent/JP3724490B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8659034B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2014-02-25 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state white light emitter and display using same |
US8860058B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2014-10-14 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state white light emitter and display using same |
US8963182B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2015-02-24 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state white light emitter and display using same |
US9698313B2 (en) | 1996-03-26 | 2017-07-04 | Cree, Inc. | Solid state white light emitter and display using same |
US9739444B2 (en) | 2007-03-05 | 2017-08-22 | Intematix Corporation | Light emitting diode (LED) based lighting systems |
WO2009041237A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-02 | Showa Denko K.K. | Iii nitride semiconductor light emitting element |
US7868340B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2011-01-11 | Bridgelux, Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating white light from solid state light emitting devices |
US10263163B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2019-04-16 | Bridgelux, Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating white light from solid state light emitting devices |
US10204888B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2019-02-12 | Intematix Corporation | LED-based light sources for light emitting devices and lighting arrangements with photoluminescence wavelength conversion |
US9115868B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 | 2015-08-25 | Intematix Corporation | Wavelength conversion component with improved protective characteristics for remote wavelength conversion |
US10557594B2 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2020-02-11 | Intematix Corporation | Solid-state lamps utilizing photoluminescence wavelength conversion components |
US10234725B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2019-03-19 | Intematix Corporation | Photoluminescence color display |
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