JP3720274B2 - Foreign matter sorting method - Google Patents

Foreign matter sorting method Download PDF

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JP3720274B2
JP3720274B2 JP2001115171A JP2001115171A JP3720274B2 JP 3720274 B2 JP3720274 B2 JP 3720274B2 JP 2001115171 A JP2001115171 A JP 2001115171A JP 2001115171 A JP2001115171 A JP 2001115171A JP 3720274 B2 JP3720274 B2 JP 3720274B2
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sorting
brown rice
cylinder
foreign matter
sorting cylinder
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JP2001347173A (en
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慶二 雜賀
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株式会社東洋精米機製作所
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鼠の糞等の異物の除去に適した異物選別方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
業務的に玄米を精白米に仕上げるには、選別機器を組み込んだ、いわゆる精米プラントにより行われるのが一般的であり、これら精米プラントでは、精米機の工程の前に、収穫時や保管作業時に混入する石や保存袋の破片等の異物が取り除かれる。この異物の除去には、石に対しては米粒との比重差を利用した公知の石抜き機が、また保存袋の破片や紐等、玄米粒よりも大幅に大きい非粒状異物については、公知の粗選機による選別が用いられる。
しかし、精米機の前工程で米粒より僅かに大きい鼠の糞等の異物の粒大選別が行われることは無かったのである。
【0003】
ところで、従来の精米プラントでも、鼠の糞がたまたま除去されることがあるが、極めて稀なことであった。しかしそれは選別除去率が低いのではなく、それだけしか混入していないと認識されており、従ってその除去対策としても充分だと考えられてきた。それは石抜き機での比重選別ではある程度の見逃しがあるとしても、色彩(白と黒)の差で選別する色彩選別機では、白い精白米粒中の黒い鼠の糞の除去は完璧と考えられていたからである。しかも実際に商品化された精白米粒中には、鼠の糞は皆無であった。
このように、従来の米粒中の鼠の糞の除去対策としては、精米機の後工程に設けた色彩選別機にて完全に除去されているし、誰もそれについての疑いを感じることも無かった。また鼠の糞の混入率も微々たるものでしかないと認識されてきた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら本発明者は鼠の生態を詳細に研究した結果、色彩選別等によって除去されている鼠の糞の量が少ないのではないか、或いは鼠の糞の選別除去を精米機の工程の後で行うこと自体が間違っているのではないか、という言う点に思い至った。すなわち、玄米を精米機に通すまでに(精米機の前の工程において)鼠の糞の除去が行われない場合は、鼠の糞は米粒とともに精米機内に入ることになり、その場合は鼠の糞は米粒よりはるかに軟らかく且つ粘性が高い為、精米機内での高圧の粒粒摩擦によって米粒に練りつぶされて精白米の表面に塗りたくられ、糞の原形が消えているために精米機から排出された精白米の中には鼠の糞が少ないのではないか、という可能性に着目した。そして実際の調査により、これまで知られていなかった驚くべき事実を突き止めた。
本発明者の測定では、後述するような大きさの鼠の糞が、実に玄米1トン当たり平均3個も混入していることが判明した。さらに判明したことは、従来の石抜き機で選別される鼠の糞は、何らかの理由で特別に比重の高いものであり、また精米工程後に色彩選別機で選別される鼠の糞は、これも何らかの理由で精米機での高圧にも耐えられるほど特別に壊れにくい強固なもので、いずれも鼠の糞としては異常な糞であり、大多数を占める通常の鼠の糞はそれらとは異なり比重が米粒と同じかそれより軽く、その為に石抜き機で除去されずに玄米中に混入したまま精米機に入り、しかもこれらの糞は強度が無く軟粘状ゆえに精米機内で米粒群とともに高圧攪拌される結果すりつぶされ、精白米粒に塗りたくられて原形が消失していたという点である。
従って、従来の粒のまま精米機より排出されていた糞は、何らかの事情ですりつぶされにくい硬化した特殊な糞で、極めて稀にしかないものであったことがわかる。換言すれば、精米機より排出された精白米には、原形を保った鼠の糞はほとんど存在しなかったことと、玄米の段階では玄米も鼠の糞もともに暗色の為に肉眼では判別しづらかったことにより、誰もその混入存在に気付かなかっただけのことである。まして商品としての精白米粒の表面に糞が塗りたくられていたなどとは、誰も知る由も無かったのである。
従って我々が食していた精白米は、炊飯前の洗米処理にて洗浄されるにせよ、鼠の糞にまみれていたことを知るにつけ慄然とする。
【0005】
そこで、玄米中に混入する鼠の糞を完全に除去することが必要となるが、上記の公知方法によって玄米の段階で鼠の糞を除去することを考えても、玄米粒の大きさおよび形状は、5〜5.5mm×2.9〜3mm×1.7〜2.3mmの偏平形であるのに対して、鼠の糞の大きさおよび形状は、約15〜20mm×3〜4mmの紡錘形、またはソーセージ形であり、玄米粒に対して僅かに大きいかまたは略同じ大きさである。従って、もっと大きい異物しか除去できない前記粗選機では除去することができるはずがない。またほとんどの鼠の糞は、米粒と比重の差が少ないので、比重選別の石抜き機でも除去できないことは前述のとおりである。
【0006】
また上記例以外にも、粒大選別装置は無くもなく、これを鼠の糞の除去に転用することも本発明者は考えた。その装置例として図14に示したものがある。図14は、従来の粒大選別装置50の断面構造を表している。図示するものは、壁面に多数の小孔52が穿設された選別筒54をほぼ水平に固定設置し、この選別筒54内に設けられたスクリュー羽根56に攪拌羽根58を付設したものである。原料玄米は投入口60から投入され、スクリュー羽根56の回転によって排出口62まで選別筒54内を搬送される。この時、選別筒54内で移送される原料玄米を攪拌羽根58の回転によって攪拌し、含まれる微小異物を選別筒54の周面から排出するものである。すなわち本装置は、大多数を占める玄米粒を選別筒54の先端から取り出す一方、微量の混入異物は選別筒54の周面から取り出す構成であり、除去対象となる異物は微小異物に限定されてしまう。
【0007】
以上のように、上記従来の粒大選別装置50は、大多数の玄米粒中に混入した少量の微小異物の除去を対象としたものであり、玄米粒より僅かに大きい異物、又は体積が同程度の異物については除去できなかった。また、選別筒54の小孔52の径を玄米粒よりも若干大きくしておき、選別筒54の壁面から大多数の玄米粒を排出する一方、選別筒54の先端から少量の異物を排出することも考えられるが、図の構造からも明らかなように、玄米粒は小孔52から排出されるものの、その多くは排出口62からも流下してしまい、それを避けるには処理能力が著しく低下してしまう。
【0008】
さらに、この異物を除去する他の方法として一般的に用いられているものに、メッシュ篩を使用する方法もある。このメッシュ篩を用いる場合、当然ながら図13のように、メッシュ64の開口対角線長xを玄米粒の長径よりも若干長く設定する。ところが、開口対角線長xをこのように設定すると、開口部66が大きくなる結果、かなり大きな異物しか除去できなくなる。しかも開口部66に対して玄米粒が斜めにならないとメッシュ64を通過することができないため、処理能力が著しく低下してしまう。そこで、開口部66に対する玄米粒の方向如何に係わらずメッシュ64を通過可能とする為、メッシュ64の開口辺長yを玄米粒の長径より若干長く設定する方法が取られるが、この場合には、メッシュ64の開口部66が一層大きくなり、極めて大きい異物のみしか除去することはできない。そして当然ながら、これでは鼠の糞は除去できない。
【0009】
以上説明したように、玄米を精米機に通す前での、粒大選別による鼠の糞等の玄米粒よりも僅かに大きい異物を除去する適当な選別機は無かった。しかも粒大選別以外の選別手段も無かったのである。そして、その他の選別機で玄米中の糞を除去するという発想自体も無く、その機能を有する選別機も存在しなかった。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このように、精米工程において混入する鼠の糞の量は、従来考えられていたレベルよりはるかに多いことが確かめられたが、この鼠の糞を精米工程中に持ち込まない選別方法が無かった。
しかし、このような課題は、選別用長孔による粒大選別によって玄米中に混入している鼠の糞等の異物を除去する選別方法により解決できる。
そして粒大選別では具体的には、筒体の周面に多数の前記長孔を開口した選別筒において、回転力と移送抵抗によって選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、原料玄米を前記選別筒の長軸方向に移送することで、玄米粒を前記長孔より流出させる一方、原料玄米中に混在する前記長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞等の異物を、選別筒の移送方向先端側から排出させることによって原料玄米中の玄米粒と該異物とを分離する粒大選別を行う異物選別方法、又は、筒体の周面に多数の前記長孔を、その長軸が該筒体の中心線方向と交差する方向に開口した選別筒において、渦巻き状の軌跡を描くような移送力を加えることにより、原料玄米を前記選別筒の長軸方向に移送することで、玄米粒を前記長孔より流出させる一方、原料玄米中に混在する長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞等の異物を、選別筒の移送方向先端側から排出させることによって原料玄米中の玄米粒と該異物とを分離する粒大選別を行う異物選別方法となる。
又、前記選別筒の適所の通路を絞ったり、羽根板を前記選別筒内に設けた回転軸の長軸方向の複数箇所に設けると共にその取り付け角度を変化させることで該選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、原料玄米を前記長軸方向に移送してなる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の選別方法は、玄米を精米プラントにおける精米機よりも前の工程で、すなわち玄米を精米機に投入する前に、粒大選別を行うものである。この時には、選別除去の時間当たり処理量を、精米機の時間当たり処理量と同等かそれ以上にしておくことが望ましい。具体的には、精米機の前工程に鼠の糞の除去手段を設けておいて玄米を投入すると、鼠の糞の除去から精米機への投入までの流れが連続的に行える構成としておくとよい。
【0012】
先ず選別筒による選別方法については、原料玄米を、筒体の周面に玄米粒の短径よりもやや大きい短径を持つ多数の選別用長孔を開口した選別筒内において、回転力と移送抵抗によって選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、例えば選別筒の先端開口部近傍以外は加圧力を付与しながら選別筒の長軸方向に移送すると、個々の玄米粒は押圧力を受けながら回転するので、玄米粒の長軸が選別筒の長軸方向と交差する方向、すなわち玄米粒の長軸と選別筒の長軸方向とのなす角度が、直交に近い状態を取りやすい。またその際には、玄米粒に加わる加圧力は選別筒の位置によって異なっているので、移送方向における各部が、原料玄米の送入部、同加圧部、同送出部、異物(鼠の糞)の排出部としてそれぞれ機能する。
そして選別筒の周壁面には、玄米粒の短径よりもやや大きい短径を持つ選別用長孔を開口しているので、原料玄米への加圧力と回転力の付与と相まって、更に玄米粒は丸みがある上に比較的摩擦係数が小さいことと相まって、玄米粒は選別筒周壁面に開口している選別用長孔にさしかかると、同長孔から出やすい方向に自転し、選別用長孔から選別筒の外部に連続的に流出する。なお選別用長孔の長軸を、当該筒体の中心線方向と交差する方向に開口させておくと、玄米粒は一層効率よく流出する。
【0013】
一方、原料玄米中に混在する、前記選別用長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞は、選別用長孔から流出することなく選別筒の移送方向先端側まで移送され、選別筒の移送方向先端側に設けられた異物排出口より外部に排出される。ここで、鼠の糞が選別用長孔から流出しないのは、前述のように、玄米粒は丸みがある上に比較的摩擦係数が小さく、選別用長孔にさしかかると同長孔から出やすい方向、すなわち長孔に対して最も短径となる向きに自転するのに対して、鼠の糞は選別用長孔の短径よりも大きいかまたは略同じ大きさであっても不定形状であり、また表面も丸みが無く比較的摩擦係数が大きいため玄米粒のように自転することも無く、選別用長孔を通過できないからである。従って原料玄米中に混入している取り除きたい鼠の糞は選別筒の先端から、また大多数を占める玄米粒は選別筒の周壁面からそれぞれ取り出されることになる。
【0014】
ここで、前記加圧力を、移送方向先端近傍で無くすると、ほぼ鼠の糞等の異物しか存在しない選別筒の先端近傍では異物に加圧力がかからず、鼠の糞等の異物の割れ発生することもない。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。本発明は、精米プラントにおいて精米機よりも以前の工程に鼠の糞を除去する選別機を設けることが特徴であり、選別筒を用いた粒大選別による鼠の糞等の異物の除去方法について説明する。
【0016】
図1には、本発明の精米方法に用いられる選別筒1の全体構造を模式的に表している。図例は、円筒の周面5に対象となる玄米粒の短径よりもやや大きい短径、例として幅が2.3mmで長さが12mmである選別用長孔3を、その長軸が当該円筒の中心線方向と交差する方向(本図では90°交差を図示しているが、斜めにする場合もある)に開口したものである。内部には、当該選別筒1内の原料玄米に回転力を付与するための羽根板7を設けた回転軸9が内装され、選別筒1の両端はそれぞれ開口されている。
【0017】
このような選別筒1に対して、一端側の開口端11から原料玄米を連続的に送入するとともに、図示しない機械的加圧手段や、空気等の流体によって異物排出口13の方向に圧力を加える。更にこの状態で回転軸9を回転させると、選別筒1の異物排出口13に向かう移送力と、羽根板7の回転力とが送入された原料玄米に同時に働くことになる。すなわち図2に示すように、例えば一端側開口端11から送入された回転軸9近傍の原料玄米には、一端側開口端11からの押圧力と羽根板7による回転力の合力により、矢印で示す渦巻き状の軌跡を描くような移送力が加わることになる。そして、選別筒1の適所の通路を絞ったり、羽根板7を回転軸9の長軸方向に複数箇所設けるとともに、その取り付け角度を変化させることで原料玄米の移送にブレーキとなる抵抗力を与え、その結果選別筒1内の原料玄米に対して異なる加圧力を付与することができる。
そして原料玄米にこのような加圧力が加わると、個々の被選別物は選別筒1内を回転しながら押圧力を受けるとともに、玄米粒は丸みがある上に比較的摩擦係数が小さい為、選別用長孔3に差しかかると自転して選別筒1に開口している選別用長孔3から出やすい方向、すなわち玄米粒は前述した大きさおよび形状であり、その最短径方向が幅が2.3mmの選別用長孔3を通過する向きになって選別用長孔3に臨み、選別用長孔3から選別筒1の外部に連続的に流出する。この時の玄米粒と選別用長孔3との位置関係は図3に示すように、玄米粒は最短径の向きとなって(イ)の長軸先端が選別用長孔3方向に向かって立った状態(姿勢A1 )または、(ロ)の選別用長孔3の長軸方向と玄米粒の長軸方向とが略一致して寝た状態(姿勢A2 )、又は斜めの状態のいずれかとなり、選別用長孔3から連続的に流出することになる。特に本実施例では選別用長孔3の長軸方向を、原料玄米の回転方向にほぼ沿って選別筒1の中心線方向と直交する方向に開口させているので、玄米粒が選別用長孔3から効率よく流出する。
【0018】
一方、原料玄米中に混在する鼠の糞4については、選別用長孔3から流出することなく選別筒1の移送方向先端側まで移送され、選別筒1の移送方向先端側に設けられた異物排出口(他端側開口端13)より外部に排出される。なお玄米粒が選別用長孔3から流出するのに、鼠の糞4の如き、米粒より僅かに大きい異物が選別用長孔3から流出しない理由は第3図(ロ)のとおり、玄米粒の形状は体積の割に短径が極めて小さく、すなわち長径が約5mmもありながら、その短径が大きいものでも約2.2mmしかない為に幅2.3mmの選別用長孔3からは流出する一方、例えば鼠の糞4はこれより若干大きいので流出しないためである。尤も鼠の糞4の中には玄米粒同様の大きさのもの、つまり玄米粒の形状や大きさに近似したものが無いわけではない。しかし、鼠の糞4は玄米粒のようにすんなりした丸みのある形状でなく、不定形で表面の摩擦係数も大きい上に曲がっていたりしている為、玄米粒のように選別用長孔3に差しかかった時に、鼠の糞4が選別用長孔3の孔目に沿う方向に自転できず、長孔3より流出しないのである。従って本発明の選別方法では、取り除きたい鼠の糞4等の異物は選別筒1の先端から、大多数を占める玄米粒は選別筒1の周面5からそれぞれ取り出されることになる。
【0019】
続いて、上述した鼠の糞の除去方法を用いた、精米機の投入口に連結可能な異物選別装置の実施例について説明する。図4は、当該異物選別装置の第1実施例を模式図として表している。図例は、原料玄米を移送するための移送手段であって、回転軸9の外周に、当該回転軸9の母線aに対して所定の角度θ1 ,θ2 ,θ3 で羽根板7を取り付けた単または複数個のスクリュー式移送手段15と、前記スクリュー式移送手段15の外周側に固定的に配置された円筒または多角筒の筒体の周面に玄米粒の短径よりもやや大きい短径を持つ選別用長孔3をその長軸が当該円筒の中心線方向と交差する方向に開口して設けるとともに、スクリュー式移送手段15による移送下流先端側に異物排出口(他端側開口端13)を設けた選別筒1と、を備えた異物選別装置17である。ここで、スクリュー式移送手段15の回転軸9は中空構造を有し、一端側からモーターシャフト等、駆動用の回転軸9aが嵌入された片持ち構造となっている。さらに選別筒1の一端側適所には、原料玄米の投入口19が設けられている。なお選別筒1と羽根板7とのクリアランスは、基本的には玄米粒の短径の3〜4倍の寸法が望ましい。すなわちこれが狭すぎると砕粒が発生し、逆に広すぎると選別能力が上がらない為であり、実験の上で適正なクリアランスを決めることがより好ましい。
そして、前記スクリュー式移送手段15の移送上流基端側を原料玄米の送入部A、移送下流先端側を玄米粒の送出部B、当該送入部Aと送出部Bの間を攪拌部Cとし、送出部Bにおける前記羽根板7と、回転軸9の母線aとのなす角度θ1を最も大きく、かつ攪拌部Cにおける当該角度θ2 を最も小さく、送入部Aにおける当該角度θ3 をθ1 とθ2 の間に設定している。このような構成によって、送入部Aから送入された原料玄米は、送出部Bに差しかかると羽根板7の取り付け角度がθ1 となっている為、単位時間当たりの移送量が減少するので、そこに移送抵抗が働き、送入部Aの先端から攪拌部Cまでの間の原料玄米に加圧力が印加されることになる。従って、前述の通りの作用により、外周に存在する選別用長孔3から、玄米粒は流出する。このような構造および上述の作用により、玄米粒は送出部Bの先端に達する前に、そのほとんどが選別用長孔3から流出してしまい、送出部Bの先端近傍では加圧力が全くかからず、残った少量の鼠の糞等の異物のみが他端側開口端13に移送され排出されていく。この時には、鼠の糞等の異物には加圧力が加わらず、鼠の糞の割れやその他の異物による擦り傷がスクリュー式移動手段や選別筒内面に発生することが防止できる。
【0020】
このような異物選別装置17における作用について、さらに詳細に説明する。図5には、図4に示した本異物選別装置17のI−I断面を、他端側開口端13より眺めたところを表している。スクリュー式移送手段15の回転に伴って、回転軸9の外周に設けられた羽根板7が回転し、この羽根板7の回転によって原料玄米には、他端側開口端13に向かった移送力とともに図中の矢印方向に沿った回転力が付与される。そして、原料玄米はこの回転力により、選別筒1の内周面21に沿った位置まで運ばれ、前記選別方法のところで述べたように、図3に示したような姿勢を取り、玄米粒は効率的に選別筒1の外部に流出する。この選別用長孔3は続く図6に示すように、(イ)の長方形状や(ロ)の両端を円弧形状としたもの等、対象となる玄米粒の種類によって適宜設計すればよい。なお選別用長孔3の寸法は、玄米粒の中で最も短径が大きいものより僅かに大きな幅とし、長さは玄米粒の中で最も長径の大きいものの1.2〜3倍程度がよい。また玄米粒の場合には、その形状が短径断面形状が略円形であるため、選別用長孔3の通過をスムースに行わせるという観点から、(ロ)の形状が好ましい。
【0021】
また以上の本発明においては、この選別用長孔3の長軸方向と、選別筒1の中心線方向との間の角度も考慮した方がよい。図7には、この選別用長孔3と選別筒1の中心線方向9cとの位置関係を表している。ここでは図中で示される角度θ4 を90度として扱っている。これは本発明の作用により、玄米粒が選別筒1内を回転するので、その方向に沿って開口させているからである。しかし原料玄米は回転しながら移送方向に進んでいるので、上記角度θ4 は90度として固定的に考えるのではなく、70°程度の斜めにした方がよい場合もある。
【0022】
ここで、玄米の品種による長径と短径、およびそれぞれに適合する選別用長孔3の長径と短径を図8に表す。図示するように、玄米粒の大きさの違いによって選別用長孔3の長径と短径を設定すればよい。また本図から明らかなように、玄米粒の場合はその短径断面形状が略楕円形であるので、選別用長孔3の短径は、当然ながらこの短径断面の楕円長軸よりも長くしておく必要がある。
【0023】
また、移送方向適所に移送抵抗手段を設け、当該移送抵抗手段よりも移送上流側を原料玄米の加圧部、そして移送抵抗手段よりも移送下流側を、加圧力開放部とすることもできる。この移送抵抗手段とは、選別筒1の適所において移送される原料玄米の流れに抵抗し、それより下流側においては、加圧力を付与せずに他端側開口端13まで移送することを目的とするものである。このようにすることで、他端側開口端13に至るまでに僅かに残っている玄米粒は選別用長孔3より流出してしまい、残された鼠の糞等の異物のみが排出される。
【0024】
この移送抵抗手段としては、図示しないが、スクリュー式移送手段を少なくとも送入部の移送手段とそれよりも低速回転による送出部の移送手段によって構成し、この低速回転スクリューを移送抵抗とすることで実現できる。
【0025】
さらに別の移送抵抗手段としては、図9に示すように、スクリュー式移送手段15の移送方向適所に円盤状の板状部材16を設けてもよい。この板状部材16は、スクリュー式移送手段15の回転軸9の母線aに対して90°に取り付けられており、板状部材16が回転しても、原料玄米には移送力は働かない。しかも選別筒1内の原料玄米の移送通路は、円板状の板状部材16と選別筒1との僅かの隙間しかないから、板状部材16より上流側では効果的な加圧力が付与される一方、下流側では完全に加圧力は開放される。そして、板状部材16と選別筒1との間の空隙から僅かの玄米粒と鼠の糞等の異物のみが板状部材16の下流側に押しやられ、その後は僅かに残っている玄米粒は選別用長孔3から排出され、鼠の糞等の異物のみが加圧力を付与されずに他端側開口端13まで移送されて排出される。
【0026】
さらに別の移送阻止手段としては、図10に示すように、スクリュー式移送手段15を挿通した位置関係で選別筒1の内周面の適所に固設するとともに、移送方向下流側の開口径を移送方向上流側の開口径よりも狭くした円錐形部材18を設けてもよい。この円錐形部材18は、図から明らかなように原料玄米に対してジャマ板として機能するので、その移送がせき止められることになって効率的な加圧力の付与に寄与できる。このように、円錐形部材18より上流側では効果的な加圧力が付与される一方、下流側では完全に加圧力は開放される。そして、円錐形部材18と回転軸9との間の空隙から鼠の糞等の異物と僅かの玄米粒が円錐形部材18の下流側に押しやられ、その後は加圧力が付与されない状態で玄米粒は選別用長孔3より排出され、最後に残った鼠の糞等の異物については他端側開口端13まで移送されて排出される。以上述べた移送抵抗手段はあくまで一例であって、その他公知の抵抗手段を用いてもよい。
【0027】
次いで本発明の異物選別装置17の別の実施例を、図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図11には、本発明の異物選別装置17の第2実施例を模式的に表している。図例は原料玄米を移送するための移送手段であって、回転軸9の外周に、当該回転軸9の母線aに対して所定の角度θ1 ,θ2 ,θ3 で羽根板7を取り付けた単または複数個のスクリュー式移送手段15と、前記スクリュー式移送手段15の外周側に配置され、円筒の周面に玄米粒の短径よりもやや大きい短径を持つ選別用長孔3をその長軸が当該円筒の中心線方向と交差しない方向に開口して設けるとともに、スクリュー式移送手段15による移送下流先端側に異物排出口(他端側開口端13)を設けた選別筒1と、を備えた異物選別装置17である。
ここで、スクリュー式移送手段15の回転軸9は中空構造を有し、一端側に駆動用の回転軸9aを嵌入した片持ち構造となっている。そしてこの回転軸9aにはプーリー23が取り付けられており、ベルト25を介して図示しないモーター等の回転駆動手段に接続されている。さらに選別筒1の一端側適所には、原料玄米の投入口19が設けられている。また選別筒1は筐体27に取り付けられ、筐体27の内部は選別筒1の外周部全体から流出した玄米粒の流路となり、筐体27の下部に設けた排出口29につながっている。ここでは構造を判りやすく説明するため、本図では便宜上選別用長孔3の開設密度を粗く描いている。すなわち、選別用長孔3の短径は、少なくとも羽根板7間のピッチよりも小さいことは当然である。
【0028】
そして、前記スクリュー式移送手段15の移送上流基端側の原料玄米の送入部をAとすれば、その先端部から送出部Bに至るまでの間を加圧部とし、送出部Bにおける前記羽根板7と、回転軸9の母線aとのなす角度θ1 を最も大きく、かつ送入部Aにおける当該角度θ3 を小さく設定している。このような構成によって、送入部Aから送入された原料玄米は、送出部Bの少移送量の作用によって抵抗を受け、そこに至るまでに存在する原料玄米には、送入部Aからの移送に伴う推力によって加圧力が印加される結果、選別用長孔3から強制的に流出させられることになる。また、送出部Bでのスクリューピッチが、攪拌部Cに近接したところで最も小さいことから、玄米粒は送出部Bの先端に達する前にそのほとんどが選別用長孔3から流出するとともに、送出部Bの先端に近づくほど加圧力は小さくなり、残った少量の鼠の糞のみが他端側開口端13に移送されていく。この時においては、大多数の玄米粒はすでにそのほとんどが選別筒1の内部には存在しない。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の異物選別方法、具体的には上記各実施例において説明した装置の使用による異物選別方法によって玄米中に混入している鼠の糞等の異物を取り除くことにより、後の精米工程に鼠の糞等の異物を持ち込むことが無くなる。その結果として、従来のように食品でありながら、例えば鼠の糞を塗り付けた精白米を消費者に供給することが無くなる。さらに実施例1の方法では、原料玄米を選別筒内において回転力と移送抵抗によって選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら移送すると、個々の玄米粒は送出部に至るまでは押圧力を受ける結果、幅の狭い選別用長孔から玄米粒を効率よく、かつ大きな単位時間処理量でもって排出させることができ、搗精と同等の処理能力での高精度な選別除去が可能なるので、搗精前に新たな一工程を付加することが作業効率上のマイナス面となることも無い。さらに当該異物除去装置は、安定した選別とともに選別筒の先端からは鼠の糞等の異物のみが排出されるので、極めて高精度の選別作業が可能となる。
従ってこの方法では、搗精を行う精米機の投入口近傍に上記選別筒を用いた異物選別装置を設けておいて玄米を投入すると、鼠の糞等の異物の除去から精米機への投入までの流れが連続的に行える精米方法を実現することができる。
このように本発明の精米方法によれば、精白米における食品としての衛生上の品質を大幅に向上させることができ、またイメージ向上にもつながる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1に用いられる選別筒の全体構造を表す説明図
【図2】同原料玄米の受ける移送力を模式的に表す説明図
【図3】同選別筒の内周壁面近傍における、選別用長孔と玄米粒との位置関係を表す説明図
【図4】本発明の選別方法に使用しうる異物選別装置の第1実施例を表す説明図
【図5】図4に示した異物選別装置の断面を表す説明図
【図6】同選別用長孔の形状を表し、(イ)が長方形状のもの、(ロ)両端を円弧形状としたもの
【図7】同選別用長孔と選別筒およびスクリュー式移送手段の回転軸中心との位置関係を表す説明図
【図8】同玄米粒の品種による長径と短径、およびそれぞれに適合する選別用長孔の長径と短径を表す説明図
【図9】同移送抵抗手段の実施例を表す説明図
【図10】同移送抵抗手段の取り付け構造例を表す説明図
【図11】同本発明の選別方法に使用しうる異物選別装置の第2実施例を表す説明図
【図12】従来の異物選別装置の構造を表す説明図
【図13】従来のメッシュ篩を表す説明図
【符号の説明】
1 選別筒
3 選別用長孔
4 鼠の糞
5 長軸方向壁面
7 羽根板
9 回転軸
9a 駆動用の回転軸
11 一端側開口端
13 他端側開口端
15 スクリュー式移送手段
16 板状部材
17 異物選別装置
18 円錐形部材
19 投入口
21 選別筒の内周面
23 プーリー
25 ベルト
27 筐体
29 排出口
50 従来の異物選別装置
52 小孔
54 選別筒
56 スクリュー羽根
58 攪拌羽根
60 投入口
62 排出口
64 メッシュ
66 開口部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention Foreign matter such as Suitable for removing Foreign matter selection method About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to finish brown rice into milled rice for business purposes, it is common to use a so-called rice milling plant that incorporates sorting equipment. In these rice milling plants, before the rice milling process, during harvesting and storage operations. Foreign objects such as stones and fragments of storage bags are removed. For the removal of this foreign matter, a known stone-removing machine that uses the difference in specific gravity with rice grains for stones, and for non-particulate foreign matters that are much larger than brown rice grains, such as fragments and strings of storage bags, are known. A rough sorter is used.
But fine Slightly larger than rice grain in the previous process of rice machine Such as salmon dung There was no particle size sorting of foreign materials.
[0003]
by the way , Obedience Even in a conventional rice milling plant, sputum dung is occasionally removed, but this is extremely rare. However, it is recognized that not only the removal rate is low but also that it is mixed in. Therefore, it has been considered to be sufficient as a countermeasure for the removal. Even though there is a certain degree of oversight in the specific gravity sorting with a stone remover, the removal of black potato dung in white polished rice grains was considered perfect with a color sorter that sorts by the difference in color (white and black) It is. Moreover, there was no stool dung in the polished rice grains that were actually commercialized.
In this way, as a conventional measure for removing stool dung from rice grains, it has been completely removed by the color sorter provided in the subsequent process of the rice milling machine, and no one has any doubt about it. It was. In addition, it has been recognized that the mixing rate of stool dung is only slight.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as a result of detailed research on the ecology of koji, the present inventor has found that the amount of koji droppings removed by color sorting or the like is small, or the koji droppings are removed after the rice milling process. I came to the point that what I did was wrong. In other words, if the removal of dredged feces is not performed by passing the brown rice through the rice mill (in the process before the rice milling machine), the dredged feces will enter the rice mill along with the rice grains. Feces are much softer and more viscous than rice grains. We paid attention to the possibility that there is little stool dung in the discharged polished rice. And through actual research, I found some surprising facts that were not known before.
According to the measurement of the present inventor, it was found that an average of 3 feces of persimmon having a size as described later is actually mixed per ton of brown rice. Furthermore, it has been found that the stool dung sorted by the conventional stone remover has a particularly high specific gravity for some reason, and the stool dung sorted by the color sorter after the rice milling process It is strong enough to withstand the high pressure of a rice mill for some reason, and it is particularly hard to break. Is the same as or lighter than the rice grains, so it is not removed by the stone remover and enters the rice mill while mixed in the brown rice, and since these dung is not strong and soft, it is high pressure along with the rice grains in the rice mill. As a result of stirring, it was ground and applied to polished rice grains, and the original shape had disappeared.
Therefore, it can be seen that the feces that have been discharged from the rice mill with conventional grains are hard, special feces that are difficult to be crushed for some reason, and are extremely rare. In other words, the polished rice discharged from the rice milling machine had almost no potato dung in its original form, and at the brown rice stage, both brown rice and potato dung were dark, so they were identified with the naked eye. Because it was hard, no one was aware of the presence. Moreover, nobody knew that the surface of polished rice grains as a product had been covered with feces.
Therefore, we are stunned to know that the polished rice we were eating was covered in the feces of potatoes, even though it was washed in the washing process before cooking.
[0005]
Therefore, it is necessary to completely remove the droppings of rice bran mixed in the brown rice, but even if it is considered to remove the droppings of rice bran at the brown rice stage by the above known method, the size and shape of the brown rice grains Is a flat shape of 5 to 5.5 mm × 2.9 to 3 mm × 1.7 to 2.3 mm, whereas the size and shape of the frog feces is about 15 to 20 mm × 3 to 4 mm. It is spindle-shaped or sausage-shaped, and is slightly larger than brown rice grains or approximately the same size. Therefore, it cannot be removed by the coarse sorter that can remove only larger foreign matters. In addition, as described above, most of the manure dung has a small difference in specific gravity from the rice grains, and thus cannot be removed by a specific gravity sorting stone remover.
[0006]
In addition to the above example ,grain The present inventor also considered that there is no large sorting device and that this can be diverted to the removal of stool dung. An example of such an apparatus is shown in FIG. FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional structure of a conventional grain size sorting apparatus 50. In the figure, a sorting cylinder 54 having a large number of small holes 52 formed on the wall surface is fixed and installed substantially horizontally, and a stirring blade 58 is attached to a screw blade 56 provided in the sorting cylinder 54. . The raw brown rice is introduced from the introduction port 60 and conveyed through the sorting cylinder 54 to the discharge port 62 by the rotation of the screw blade 56. At this time, the raw brown rice transferred in the sorting cylinder 54 is agitated by the rotation of the stirring blade 58, and the contained fine foreign matter is discharged from the peripheral surface of the sorting cylinder 54. That is, this apparatus is configured to take out the brown rice grains occupying the majority from the tip of the sorting cylinder 54, while taking out a small amount of mixed foreign matter from the peripheral surface of the sorting cylinder 54, and the foreign matter to be removed is limited to the minute foreign matter. End up.
[0007]
As described above, the conventional grain size sorting apparatus 50 is intended for the removal of a small amount of fine foreign matter mixed in the majority of brown rice grains, and has a foreign matter or volume slightly larger than the brown rice grains. Some foreign matter could not be removed. The diameter of the small hole 52 of the sorting cylinder 54 is made slightly larger than that of the brown rice grains, and the majority of the brown rice grains are discharged from the wall surface of the sorting cylinder 54, while a small amount of foreign matter is discharged from the tip of the sorting cylinder 54. However, as is clear from the structure of the figure, the brown rice grains are discharged from the small holes 52, but most of them also flow down from the discharge ports 62. It will decline.
[0008]
Furthermore, there is a method using a mesh sieve as a method generally used as another method for removing the foreign matter. When this mesh sieve is used, as a matter of course, the opening diagonal length x of the mesh 64 is set slightly longer than the major axis of the brown rice grain as shown in FIG. However, when the opening diagonal line length x is set in this way, the opening 66 becomes large, so that only a considerably large foreign matter can be removed. Moreover, if the brown rice grains are not slanted with respect to the opening 66, the mesh 64 cannot pass through, and the processing capacity is significantly reduced. Therefore, in order to allow the mesh 64 to pass through regardless of the direction of the brown rice grain with respect to the opening 66, a method of setting the opening side length y of the mesh 64 slightly longer than the major axis of the brown rice grain is taken. The opening 66 of the mesh 64 becomes larger, and only very large foreign matters can be removed. And of course, this doesn't remove the feces.
[0009]
As explained above, potato dung by grain size sorting before passing brown rice through a rice mill Foreign matter slightly larger than brown rice grains such as There was no suitable sorter to remove the. Moreover, there was no sorting means other than large grain sorting. . So There was no idea of removing feces in brown rice with other sorters, and there was no sorter with that function.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In this way, it was confirmed that the amount of koji feces mixed in the rice milling process was much higher than previously thought, but this koji feces were not brought into the rice milling process. Sorting There was no way.
But these challenges , Select Remove foreign matter such as persimmon dung mixed in brown rice by large grain sorting with separate long holes Sorting It can be solved by the method.
In the grain size sorting, specifically, in the sorting cylinder in which a large number of the long holes are opened on the peripheral surface of the cylinder, while applying different pressures in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder by the rotational force and the transfer resistance, By transferring brown rice in the long axis direction of the sorting cylinder, while allowing the brown rice grains to flow out of the long holes, foreign matter such as rice cake feces slightly larger than the short diameter of the long holes mixed in the raw brown rice, Grain size sorting is performed to separate the brown rice grains in the raw brown rice from the foreign substances by discharging from the front end side of the sorting cylinder in the transfer direction. Foreign object sorting A method or a transfer force that draws a spiral trajectory in a sorting cylinder that has a large number of the long holes in the peripheral surface of the cylinder and the major axis of which opens in a direction that intersects the center line direction of the cylinder. By adding the raw brown rice to the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder, the brown rice grains are allowed to flow out of the long holes, while the feces of rice bran slightly larger than the short diameter of the long holes mixed in the raw brown rice Is removed from the front end side of the sorting cylinder in the transfer direction to separate the brown rice grains in the raw brown rice from the foreign matters. Foreign object sorting Become a method.
In addition, by narrowing the passage at an appropriate position of the sorting cylinder or by providing blades at a plurality of locations in the major axis direction of the rotating shaft provided in the sorting cylinder and changing the mounting angle thereof, the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder The raw brown rice is transferred in the long axis direction while applying different pressures.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Of the present invention Sorting The method is to perform grain size selection in a step before the rice mill in the rice mill, that is, before the brown rice is put into the rice mill. At this time, it is desirable to set the throughput per time for sorting and removal to be equal to or more than the throughput per hour of the rice mill. Specifically, the feces of rice bran before the rice mill etc When removing the brown rice with the removal means, etc It is preferable that the flow from the removal of rice to the introduction into the rice mill can be continuously performed.
[0012]
First, regarding the sorting method using the sorting cylinder, the raw brown rice is rotated and transferred in the sorting cylinder having a large number of long holes for sorting having a minor axis slightly larger than the minor axis of the brown rice grain on the peripheral surface of the cylinder. While applying different pressures in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder due to resistance, for example, when transferring in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder while applying pressure outside the vicinity of the opening of the sorting cylinder, each brown rice grain is pressed Since the rotation is performed while receiving, the direction in which the long axis of the brown rice grain intersects the long axis direction of the sorting cylinder, that is, the angle between the long axis of the brown rice grain and the long axis direction of the sorting cylinder is easy to take a state close to orthogonal. . In this case, since the pressure applied to the brown rice grains differs depending on the position of the sorting cylinder, each part in the transfer direction is divided into the raw brown rice feed part, the same pressurization part, the same delivery part, and foreign matter (salted feces. etc ) Function as a discharge part.
In addition, the perforated wall of the sorting cylinder has a sorting hole having a minor axis that is slightly larger than the minor axis of the brown rice grain. In addition to the roundness and the relatively small coefficient of friction, brown rice grains are likely to come out of the long hole when they reach the long hole for sorting that is open on the circumferential wall of the sorting cylinder. In the direction Rotates and continuously flows out of the sorting long hole to the outside of the sorting cylinder. If the long axis of the long hole for sorting is opened in a direction intersecting with the center line direction of the cylinder, the brown rice grain flows out more efficiently.
[0013]
On the other hand, the feces of straw that is slightly larger than the minor diameter of the long hole for sorting, mixed in the raw brown rice etc Is transferred to the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder without flowing out from the long hole for sorting, and is discharged to the outside from a foreign matter discharge port provided on the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder. Here, as described above, the dredging of persimmon does not flow out from the long hole for sorting. The brown rice grains are round and have a relatively small coefficient of friction. Rotating in the direction, that is, the direction with the shortest diameter with respect to the long hole, the stool dung has an indefinite shape even if it is larger or substantially the same as the short diameter of the long hole for sorting. In addition, since the surface is not round and has a relatively large coefficient of friction, it does not rotate like brown rice grains and cannot pass through the long hole for sorting. Therefore, the stool dung that is mixed in the raw brown rice is removed from the tip of the sorting cylinder, and the brown rice grains occupying the majority are taken out from the peripheral wall of the sorting cylinder.
[0014]
Here, if the applied pressure is removed near the tip in the transfer direction, the stool is almost completely Foreign matter such as In the vicinity of the tip of the sorting cylinder, which does not exist, no pressure is applied to the foreign matter. Foreign matter such as Cracking But It does not occur.
[0015]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is characterized by providing a sorter for removing scum dung in a process prior to the rice milling machine in a rice milling plant. Foreign matter such as The removal method of will be described.
[0016]
In FIG. 1, the whole structure of the selection cylinder 1 used for the rice milling method of this invention is typically represented. In the illustrated example, a long hole for sorting 3 having a short diameter slightly larger than the short diameter of the target brown rice grain, for example, a width of 2.3 mm and a length of 12 mm, is provided on the circumferential surface 5 of the cylinder. It opens in a direction that intersects the center line direction of the cylinder (in this figure, a 90 ° intersection is shown, but it may be slanted). Inside, a rotating shaft 9 provided with a blade 7 for applying a rotational force to the raw brown rice in the sorting cylinder 1 is internally provided, and both ends of the sorting cylinder 1 are opened.
[0017]
Raw material brown rice is continuously fed into the sorting cylinder 1 from the open end 11 on one end side, and pressure is applied in the direction of the foreign matter discharge port 13 by a mechanical pressurizing means (not shown) or a fluid such as air. Add Further, when the rotating shaft 9 is rotated in this state, the transfer force toward the foreign matter discharge port 13 of the sorting cylinder 1 and the rotation force of the blade plate 7 simultaneously act on the fed raw material brown rice. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the raw brown rice in the vicinity of the rotary shaft 9 fed from the opening end 11 on one end has an arrow due to the resultant force of the pressing force from the opening end 11 and the rotational force of the blade plate 7. A transfer force that draws a spiral trajectory indicated by is added. And while narrowing down the passage at the appropriate position of the sorting cylinder 1 and providing a plurality of blades 7 in the long axis direction of the rotary shaft 9, changing the mounting angle gives resistance to the transfer of the raw brown rice as a brake. As a result, different pressurizing forces can be applied to the raw brown rice in the sorting cylinder 1.
When such a pressing force is applied to the raw brown rice, the individual objects to be sorted receive a pressing force while rotating in the sorting cylinder 1, and the brown rice grains are round and have a relatively small coefficient of friction. The direction that tends to come out from the sorting long hole 3 that is rotated and opened to the sorting cylinder 1 when it enters the sorting long hole 3, that is, the brown rice grain has the aforementioned size and shape, and its shortest radial direction has a width of 2 It faces the sorting slot 3 in the direction passing through the 3 mm sorting slot 3 and flows out of the sorting cylinder 1 continuously from the sorting slot 3. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the positional relationship between the brown rice grains and the sorting long holes 3 is such that the brown rice grains are oriented in the shortest diameter, and the tip of the long axis in (a) is directed toward the sorting long holes 3. Either the standing state (posture A1), the state where the long axis direction of the sorting long hole 3 in (b) and the long axis direction of the brown rice grains are substantially coincident (posture A2), or an oblique state Thus, it flows out continuously from the long hole 3 for sorting. In particular, in this embodiment, the long axis direction of the sorting long hole 3 is opened in a direction orthogonal to the center line direction of the sorting cylinder 1 substantially along the rotation direction of the raw brown rice, so that the brown rice grains are the long hole for sorting. 3 out efficiently.
[0018]
On the other hand, persimmon dung 4 mixed in the raw brown rice is transferred to the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder 1 without flowing out from the sorting hole 3, and the foreign matter provided on the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder 1 It is discharged to the outside through the discharge port (the other end side open end 13). Although brown rice grains flow out of the long holes 3 for sorting, A foreign material that is slightly larger than rice grains, such as As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the reason why the grain does not flow out from the sorting long hole 3 is that the grain size of the brown rice is very small for the volume, ie, the major axis is about 5 mm, but the minor axis is large. However, since it is only about 2.2 mm, it flows out from the sorting long hole 3 having a width of 2.3 mm. For example This is because the stool dung 4 is slightly larger than this and does not flow out. However, the feces 4 are not necessarily free of the same size as the brown rice grains, that is, the shape and size of the brown rice grains. However, the stool dung 4 is not a smooth round shape like brown rice grains, but is irregularly shaped and has a large surface friction coefficient. Therefore, the stool dung 4 cannot rotate in the direction along the perforations of the sorting long holes 3 and does not flow out of the long holes 3. Therefore, the present invention Sorting The method is to remove spider manure 4 Foreign matter such as The unpolished rice grains occupying the majority are taken out from the peripheral surface 5 of the sorting cylinder 1 from the tip of the sorting cylinder 1.
[0019]
Subsequently, an embodiment of a foreign matter sorting apparatus that can be connected to the input port of a rice mill using the above-described method for removing stool dung will be described. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the foreign matter sorting apparatus. The illustrated example is a transfer means for transferring raw brown rice, in which a vane plate 7 is attached to the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 9 at predetermined angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 with respect to the bus a of the rotary shaft 9. Or a plurality of screw-type transfer means 15 and a short diameter slightly larger than the short diameter of the brown rice grains on the peripheral surface of a cylinder or a polygonal cylinder fixedly arranged on the outer peripheral side of the screw-type transfer means 15 A long hole 3 for sorting having an opening in the direction in which the long axis intersects the center line direction of the cylinder is provided, and a foreign substance discharge port (the other end opening end 13) on the downstream side of the transfer by the screw type transfer means 15. And a foreign matter sorting device 17 provided with a sorting cylinder 1 provided with. Here, the rotating shaft 9 of the screw-type transfer means 15 has a hollow structure, and has a cantilever structure in which a driving rotating shaft 9a such as a motor shaft is fitted from one end side. Furthermore, a raw material brown rice inlet 19 is provided at a suitable position on one end of the sorting cylinder 1. The clearance between the sorting cylinder 1 and the blade plate 7 is basically preferably 3 to 4 times the minor axis of the brown rice grain. That is, if this is too narrow, crushed particles are generated. Conversely, if it is too wide, the sorting ability does not increase, and it is more preferable to determine an appropriate clearance through experiments.
Then, the transfer upstream base end side of the screw type transfer means 15 is the raw brown rice feed part A, the transfer downstream tip side is the brown rice grain feed part B, and the feed part A and the feed part B are between the stirring part C. And the angle θ1 formed by the blade 7 in the delivery part B and the generatrix a of the rotary shaft 9 is the largest, the angle θ2 in the stirring part C is the smallest, and the angle θ3 in the delivery part A is θ1. It is set during θ2. With such a configuration, when the raw brown rice fed from the feeding section A reaches the feeding section B, the mounting angle of the blade plate 7 is θ1, so the transfer amount per unit time decreases. The transfer resistance works there, and a pressing force is applied to the raw brown rice between the tip of the feeding section A and the stirring section C. Therefore, the brown rice grain flows out from the sorting long holes 3 existing on the outer periphery by the action as described above. Due to such a structure and the above-described action, most of the brown rice grains flow out of the sorting slot 3 before reaching the tip of the delivery part B, and no pressure is applied in the vicinity of the tip of the delivery part B. The remaining small amount of salmon droppings Foreign matter such as Only is transferred to the other open end 13 and discharged. At this time Foreign matter such as No pressure is applied, and cracks of scabs and other scratches caused by foreign substances can be prevented from occurring on the screw type moving means and the inner surface of the sorting cylinder.
[0020]
The operation of the foreign matter sorting apparatus 17 will be described in further detail. FIG. 5 shows a cross section taken along the line II of the foreign matter sorting apparatus 17 shown in FIG. Along with the rotation of the screw type transfer means 15, the blade plate 7 provided on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 9 rotates, and the rotation force of the blade plate 7 causes the transfer force toward the other open end 13 to the raw material brown rice. At the same time, a rotational force along the arrow direction in the figure is applied. The raw brown rice is moved to a position along the inner peripheral surface 21 of the sorting cylinder 1 by this rotational force, and takes the posture shown in FIG. 3 as described in the sorting method. Efficiently flows out of the sorting cylinder 1. As shown in FIG. 6, the sorting long hole 3 may be designed as appropriate depending on the type of brown rice grains to be processed, such as a rectangular shape (A) or an arc shape at both ends of (B). In addition, the size of the sorting hole 3 is slightly larger than that of the brown rice grain having the largest minor axis, and the length is preferably about 1.2 to 3 times that of the brown rice grain having the largest major axis. . Further, in the case of brown rice grains, the shape of (b) is preferred from the viewpoint of smoothly passing the sorting long holes 3 because the shape of the short-diameter cross section is substantially circular.
[0021]
In the present invention described above, it is preferable to consider the angle between the long axis direction of the long hole 3 for sorting and the center line direction of the sorting cylinder 1. FIG. 7 shows a positional relationship between the sorting slot 3 and the center line direction 9c of the sorting cylinder 1. Here, the angle θ4 shown in the figure is treated as 90 degrees. This is because brown rice grains rotate in the sorting cylinder 1 due to the action of the present invention, and are thus opened along that direction. However, since the raw brown rice is moving in the transfer direction while rotating, the angle θ4 is not considered to be fixed as 90 degrees, but may be inclined at about 70 degrees in some cases.
[0022]
Here, the major axis and minor axis according to the varieties of brown rice, and the major axis and minor axis of the sorting long hole 3 suitable for each are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the major axis and minor axis of the sorting long hole 3 may be set depending on the size of the brown rice grain. Further, as is clear from this figure, in the case of brown rice grains, the short diameter cross-sectional shape is substantially elliptical, so that the short diameter of the long hole for selection 3 is naturally longer than the elliptical long axis of this short diameter cross section. It is necessary to keep it.
[0023]
Alternatively, a transfer resistance means may be provided at an appropriate position in the transfer direction, and the upstream side of transfer from the transfer resistance means may be a pressurizing part of raw material brown rice, and the downstream side of transfer from the transfer resistance means may be a pressurizing release part. The purpose of this transfer resistance means is to resist the flow of raw brown rice that is transferred at an appropriate position of the sorting cylinder 1 and to transfer to the other end side opening end 13 without applying pressure on the downstream side. It is what. By doing in this way, the brown rice grain which remains slightly until it reaches the opening end 13 on the other end side flows out from the long hole 3 for sorting, and the remaining feces of straw Foreign matter such as Only is discharged.
[0024]
As this transfer resistance means, although not shown, the screw type transfer means is constituted by at least the transfer means of the infeed part and the transfer means of the sending part by lower speed rotation than that, and this low speed rotation screw is used as the transfer resistance. realizable.
[0025]
As another transfer resistance means, as shown in FIG. 9, a disk-like plate-like member 16 may be provided at an appropriate position in the transfer direction of the screw type transfer means 15. The plate-like member 16 is attached to 90 ° with respect to the bus line a of the rotary shaft 9 of the screw type transfer means 15, and even if the plate-like member 16 rotates, the transfer force does not work on the raw brown rice. Moreover, since the raw brown rice transfer passage in the sorting cylinder 1 has only a slight gap between the disc-shaped plate-like member 16 and the sorting cylinder 1, an effective pressure is applied on the upstream side of the plate-like member 16. On the other hand, the pressure is completely released on the downstream side. And from the gap between the plate-like member 16 and the sorting cylinder 1, a few brown rice grains and straw dung Foreign matter such as Is pushed to the downstream side of the plate-like member 16, and then the slightly remaining brown rice grains are discharged from the long holes for sorting 3 Foreign matter such as Only the pressure is applied to the other open end 13 without being applied with pressure and discharged.
[0026]
As another transfer prevention means, as shown in FIG. 10, the screw-type transfer means 15 is inserted in a suitable position on the inner peripheral surface of the sorting cylinder 1 in a positional relationship, and the opening diameter on the downstream side in the transfer direction is set. A conical member 18 narrower than the opening diameter on the upstream side in the transfer direction may be provided. As is apparent from the figure, the conical member 18 functions as a jammer plate with respect to the raw brown rice, so that the transfer is blocked and it is possible to contribute to the application of an efficient pressurizing force. Thus, effective pressure is applied on the upstream side of the conical member 18, while the pressure is completely released on the downstream side. From the gap between the conical member 18 and the rotary shaft 9 Foreign matter such as A few brown rice grains are pushed to the downstream side of the conical member 18, and thereafter, the brown rice grains are discharged from the long hole 3 for sorting without applying pressure, and finally the remaining rice cake remains. Foreign matter such as Is transferred to the other open end 13 and discharged. The transfer resistance means described above is merely an example, and other known resistance means may be used.
[0027]
Next, another embodiment of the foreign matter sorting apparatus 17 of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. FIG. 11 schematically shows a second embodiment of the foreign matter sorting apparatus 17 of the present invention. The illustrated example is a transfer means for transferring raw brown rice, which is a single unit in which vanes 7 are attached to the outer periphery of the rotary shaft 9 at predetermined angles θ1, θ2, and θ3 with respect to the bus a of the rotary shaft 9. A plurality of screw-type transfer means 15 and a long hole for sorting 3 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the screw-type transfer means 15 and having a short diameter slightly larger than the short diameter of the brown rice grains on the peripheral surface of the cylinder. And a sorting cylinder 1 provided with an opening in a direction not intersecting with the center line direction of the cylinder, and provided with a foreign matter discharge port (the other end side opening end 13) on the downstream side of the transfer by the screw type transfer means 15. This is a foreign matter sorting device 17.
Here, the rotating shaft 9 of the screw-type transfer means 15 has a hollow structure, and has a cantilever structure in which a driving rotating shaft 9a is fitted on one end side. A pulley 23 is attached to the rotating shaft 9a, and is connected to a rotation driving means such as a motor (not shown) via a belt 25. Furthermore, a raw material brown rice inlet 19 is provided at a suitable position on one end of the sorting cylinder 1. The sorting cylinder 1 is attached to a casing 27, and the inside of the casing 27 is a flow path for brown rice grains that have flowed out from the entire outer periphery of the sorting cylinder 1, and is connected to a discharge port 29 provided at the lower portion of the casing 27. . Here, in order to explain the structure in an easy-to-understand manner, in this drawing, the opening density of the sorting long holes 3 is drawn roughly for convenience. That is, it is natural that the short diameter of the sorting long hole 3 is smaller than at least the pitch between the blade plates 7.
[0028]
And if the feed part of the raw brown rice on the upstream side of the transfer upstream of the screw type transfer means 15 is A, the pressure part is from the tip part to the delivery part B, and the delivery part B The angle θ1 formed between the blade 7 and the generatrix a of the rotary shaft 9 is set to be the largest, and the angle θ3 at the feeding portion A is set to be small. With such a configuration, the raw brown rice fed from the feeding section A is subjected to resistance by the action of the small transfer amount of the sending section B, and the raw brown rice existing up to that point is fed from the feeding section A. As a result of applying the applied pressure by the thrust accompanying the transfer, the forcible flow is forced out of the long hole 3 for sorting. Moreover, since the screw pitch in the sending part B is the smallest at the vicinity of the stirring part C, most of the brown rice grains flow out of the sorting slot 3 before reaching the tip of the sending part B. The closer to the tip of B, the smaller the applied pressure, and only a small amount of remaining stool dung is transferred to the opening end 13 on the other end side. At this time, most of the majority of brown rice grains are not already present inside the sorting cylinder 1.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As explained above, the present invention Foreign object sorting Method, specifically by use of the apparatus described in the above embodiments Foreign object sorting Persimmon manure mixed in brown rice by the method Foreign matter such as By removing the rice cake in the later milling process Foreign matter such as Will not be brought in. As a result, while still being food, For example It is no longer necessary to supply milled rice coated with potato dung to consumers. Further, in the method of Example 1, when the raw brown rice is transferred in the sorting cylinder while applying different pressing forces in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder by the rotational force and the transfer resistance, the individual brown rice grains are pushed until reaching the delivery section. As a result of pressure, brown rice grains can be discharged efficiently and with a large unit-time throughput from narrow holes for sorting, and high-precision sorting and removal can be performed with the same processing capacity as semen. In addition, adding a new process before scouring does not cause a negative effect on work efficiency. Furthermore, since the foreign substance removing apparatus stably separates and discharges only foreign substances such as sputum feces from the tip of the sorting cylinder, an extremely high precision sorting operation can be performed.
Therefore, in this method, when the foreign rice sorting apparatus using the sorting cylinder is provided near the inlet of the rice milling machine that performs milling, Foreign matter such as It is possible to realize a rice milling method in which the flow from the removal of rice to the introduction into the rice mill can be continuously performed.
Thus, according to the rice milling method of the present invention, the quality of hygiene as a food in polished rice can be greatly improved, and the image can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the overall structure of a sorting cylinder used in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the transfer force received by the raw brown rice
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the positional relationship between a sorting hole and brown rice grains in the vicinity of the inner peripheral wall surface of the sorting cylinder.
FIG. 4 of the present invention Sorting Explanatory drawing showing 1st Example of the foreign material selection apparatus which can be used for a method
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a cross section of the foreign matter sorting apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 shows the shape of the sorting slot, (A) is rectangular, (B) both ends are arc-shaped
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the long hole for sorting, the sorting cylinder, and the rotation shaft center of the screw type transfer means.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the major axis and minor axis of the brown rice grain varieties, and the major axis and minor axis of the sorting long hole adapted to each.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of the transfer resistance means.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a mounting structure of the transfer resistance means.
FIG. 11 is the same as the present invention. Sorting Explanatory drawing showing 2nd Example of the foreign material selection apparatus which can be used for a method
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a conventional foreign matter sorting apparatus.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional mesh sieve.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 sorting cylinder
3 Long holes for sorting
4 Mung feces
5 Long axial wall
7 blades
9 Rotating shaft
9a Rotating shaft for driving
11 Open end on one end
13 Opening end at the other end
15 Screw-type transfer means
16 Plate member
17 Foreign matter sorting device
18 Conical member
19 slot
21 Inner circumferential surface of the sorting cylinder
23 pulley
25 belt
27 Case
29 Discharge port
50 Conventional foreign matter sorting apparatus
52 small holes
54 sorting cylinder
56 Screw blade
58 Stirring blade
60 slot
62 Discharge port
64 mesh
66 opening

Claims (4)

体の周面に多数の長孔を開口した選別筒内で、回転力と移送抵抗によって選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、原料玄米を前記選別筒の長軸方向に移送することで、玄米粒を前記長孔より流出させる一方、原料玄米中に混在する前記長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞等の異物を、選別筒の移送方向先端側から排出させることによって原料玄米中の玄米粒と該異物とを分離する粒大選別を行う異物選別方法 In the sorting cylinder having a large number of long holes opened on the peripheral surface of the cylinder, the raw brown rice is placed in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder while applying different pressures in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder by the rotational force and transfer resistance. By transferring, the brown rice grains are allowed to flow out from the long holes, while foreign matter such as potato dung slightly larger than the short diameter of the long holes mixed in the raw brown rice is discharged from the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder. A foreign matter sorting method that performs grain size sorting to separate brown rice grains in the raw brown rice from the foreign matters . 精米プラントにおいて、筒体の周面に多数の長孔を開口した選別筒内で、回転力と移送抵抗によって選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、原料玄米を前記選別筒の長軸方向に移送することで、玄米粒を前記長孔より流出させる一方、原料玄米中に混在する前記長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞等の異物を、選別筒の移送方向先端側から排出させることによって原料玄米中の玄米粒と該異物とを分離する粒大選別を精米機よりも前の工程で行う異物選別方法 In the rice milling plant, the raw brown rice is fed into the sorting cylinder while applying different pressures in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder by rotational force and transfer resistance in the sorting cylinder having a large number of long holes opened on the peripheral surface of the cylinder. By transferring in the long axis direction, the brown rice grains are allowed to flow out from the long hole, while foreign matter such as rice cake dung slightly larger than the short diameter of the long hole mixed in the raw brown rice is transferred to the tip of the sorting cylinder in the transfer direction. A foreign matter sorting method in which grain size sorting for separating the brown rice grains in the raw brown rice and the foreign matters by discharging them from the side is performed in a step before the rice mill . 筒体の周面に多数の前記長孔を、その長軸が該筒体の中心線方向と交差する方向に開口した選別筒において、渦巻き状の軌跡を描くような移送力を加えることにより、原料玄米を前記選別筒の長軸方向に移送することで、玄米粒を前記長孔より流出させる一方、原料玄米中に混在する長孔の短径よりもやや大きい鼠の糞等の異物を、選別筒の移送方向先端側から排出させることによって原料玄米中の玄米粒と該異物とを分離する粒大選別を行う請求項1又は2記載の異物選別方法 By applying a transfer force that draws a spiral trajectory in a sorting cylinder that has a large number of the long holes in the circumferential surface of the cylinder, and the long axis of which opens in a direction that intersects the center line direction of the cylinder, By transferring the raw brown rice in the long axis direction of the sorting cylinder, while allowing the brown rice grains to flow out of the long holes, foreign matter such as rice cake feces slightly larger than the short diameter of the long holes mixed in the raw brown rice, 3. The foreign matter sorting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein grain size sorting is performed for separating the brown rice grains in the raw brown rice from the foreign matters by discharging from the front end side in the transfer direction of the sorting cylinder . 前記選別筒の適所の通路を絞ったり、羽根板を前記選別筒内に設けた回転軸の長軸方向の複数箇所に設けると共にその取り付け角度を変化させることで該選別筒の長軸方向で異なる加圧力を付与しながら、原料玄米を前記長軸方向に移送してなる請求項1又は2記載の異物選別方法 It is different in the major axis direction of the sorting cylinder by narrowing the passage at the appropriate position of the sorting cylinder or by providing the blades at a plurality of locations in the major axis direction of the rotating shaft provided in the sorting cylinder and changing the mounting angle. The foreign matter selection method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein raw material brown rice is transferred in the major axis direction while applying pressure .
JP2001115171A 2001-04-13 2001-04-13 Foreign matter sorting method Expired - Lifetime JP3720274B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101378847B (en) * 2006-05-10 2012-06-27 株式会社知嘎萨 Shifter

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US8240481B2 (en) 2006-05-10 2012-08-14 Tsukasa Co., Ltd. Sifter
KR101915536B1 (en) 2018-04-27 2018-11-06 조성천 Complex separation apparatus for removing foreign body from raw material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101378847B (en) * 2006-05-10 2012-06-27 株式会社知嘎萨 Shifter

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