JP3716473B2 - Processing method for heavy metal-containing ash - Google Patents

Processing method for heavy metal-containing ash Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3716473B2
JP3716473B2 JP34077395A JP34077395A JP3716473B2 JP 3716473 B2 JP3716473 B2 JP 3716473B2 JP 34077395 A JP34077395 A JP 34077395A JP 34077395 A JP34077395 A JP 34077395A JP 3716473 B2 JP3716473 B2 JP 3716473B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
heavy metal
ash
elution
activated carbon
containing ash
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JP34077395A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09174017A (en
Inventor
好弘 堀
顕 内保
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は重金属含有灰の処理方法に係り、特に、都市ごみや産業廃棄物などの焼却プラントから発生する焼却灰や、排ガスに同伴して発生し、電気集塵機やバグフィルターで捕集された飛灰(以下、これら焼却灰及び飛灰を「重金属含有灰」と称する。)を容易かつ効率的に処理して、含有される重金属の溶出を確実に防止する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
都市ごみや産業廃棄物を焼却プラントで焼却した時に発生する重金属含有灰は、従来、埋立て、地盤工事などに有効利用されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、重金属含有灰中には、重金属類が多量に含有されているため、その利用に当っては、重金属の溶出の問題がある。特に、排ガス中のHClやSOを消石灰で除去する時に発生する未反応の消石灰などを多く含む飛灰は、水と接触した時のpHが高くなり、鉛が多量に溶出する場合がある。
【0004】
従来、重金属含有灰の中の重金属の溶出を防止する方法として、飛灰或いは飛灰と焼却灰の混合物に水酸化カルシウム源の存在下で特定量の水溶性リン酸又はその塩を添加して、カドミウム及び鉛の溶出を防止する方法(特公平4−61710号公報)が提案されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この提案方法は従来法と比べ、極めて効率良く飛灰中の重金属の溶出を防止できるが、未反応の消石灰を多量に含んでいる飛灰を処理する場合には、添加した水溶性リン酸又はその塩がこの消石灰との反応に消費されてしまい、このため、溶出液のpHが下がらず、結果として鉛の溶出が避けられない場合があった。
【0006】
本発明は、上記提案方法の問題点を解決し、未反応の消石灰を多量に含む重金属含有灰であっても、pH調整を要することなく、容易かつ効率的に処理して重金属含有灰中の重金属を固定化することによりその溶出を確実に防止する処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の重金属含有灰の処理方法は、重金属含有灰に水と活性炭とリン酸又はその塩とを加えて混練することにより、重金属含有灰中の重金属を固定化することを特徴とする。
【0008】
本発明によれば、重金属含有灰に水と活性炭を添加して混練することにより、重金属含有灰中の鉛やカドミウムなどの重金属が活性炭の表面及び細孔に吸着されることで、重金属を安定かつ確実に固定化することができる。
【0009】
このため、未反応の消石灰を多量に含む飛灰であっても、pH調整を要することなく、重金属の溶出を確実に防止することができる。また、更にリン酸又はその塩を添加することにより、重金属飛灰中の鉛やカドミウムなどの重金属をより確実に固定化することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0011】
本発明においては、重金属含有灰に水と活性炭リン酸又はその塩を加えて混練することにより重金属含有灰中の重金属を固定化する。
【0012】
本発明において、水、活性炭、リン酸又はその塩の添加順序には特に制限はなく、水を添加した後活性炭、次いでリン酸又はその塩を添加しても良く、活性炭を添加した後水とリン酸又はその塩を添加しても良い。また、水と活性炭リン酸又はその塩とを同時に添加しても良い。この場合、水と活性炭とを予め混合し、スラリー状としたものを添加しても良い。また、リン酸又はその塩は、リン酸又はその塩の水溶液の形で添加し、水量が不足する場合はその分、別途水を添加しても良い。
【0013】
重金属含有灰に対する水の添加量は、重金属含有灰に対して10〜60重量%とするのが好ましい。本発明において、水の添加量による処理効果には殆ど差はないことから、水添加量は作業性等に応じて適宜決定される。
【0014】
一方、活性炭の添加量は重金属含有灰に対して1〜50重量%とするのが好ましい。
【0015】
なお、本発明で用いる活性炭としては特に制限はなく、ヤシガラ炭、コール炭、ピート炭など吸着能のある活性炭であればいずれも使用可能である。
【0016】
ン酸又はその塩としては、正リン酸、ポリリン酸、亜リン酸、メタリン酸、リン酸三ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸三カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸三リチウム、リン酸水素二リチウム、リン酸二水素リチウム、又はこれらの混合物などが例示される。
【0017】
リン酸又はその塩の添加量は、重金属含有灰に対して1〜10重量%とするのが好ましい。
【0018】
本発明によれば重金属含有灰に水と活性炭リン酸又はその塩を加えて混練することにより、重金属の溶出が殆どない混練物が得られる。なお、この混練方法は、重金属含有灰と活性炭等とが均一に混ざる方法であれば、どのような方法を用いてもよい。この混合物は、通常の場合、埋立処分される。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。
【0020】
なお、以下の実施例において処理した飛灰(原灰)の成分組成は表1に示す通りである。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0003716473
【0022】
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜4
50gの原灰Iを500mlのポリビーカーに採り、水を原灰Iに対して40重量%添加し、更に表2に示す量のヤシガラ活性炭を単独で又は正リン酸と併用して添加し、スパーテルで十分に混練した。
【0023】
得られた混練物について環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表2に示した。
【0024】
比較例
原灰Iを何ら処理することなくそのまま環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表2に示した。
【0025】
比較例
活性炭の代りに正リン酸を表2に示す割合で添加したこと以外は比較例1と同様に処理し、環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表2に示した。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003716473
【0027】
表2より明らかなように、活性炭の添加により重金属の溶出を有効に防止することができ、特に、原灰に対して30重量%のヤシガラ活性炭の添加で、pH12.4において、Pb溶出量を0.05mg/l以下にすることができる。一方、正リン酸のみを添加した場合には、原灰に対して22.5重量%添加することで、pHがわずかに低下して12.3となるが、Pb溶出量は0.12mg/lであり、溶出防止効果は十分ではない。また、ヤシガラ活性炭と正リン酸との併用効果が見られ、ヤシガラ活性炭10重量%と正リン酸11.3重量%の添加によってPb溶出量は0.05mg/l以下に低下した。
【0028】
実施例8、比較例10〜13
原灰Iの代りに原灰IIを用い、また、正リン酸の代りにリン酸水素二カリウム(KHPO)を表3に示す割合で用いたこと以外は実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜4と各々同様に処理を行い、得られた混練物について環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表3に示した。
【0029】
比較例14
原灰IIを何ら処理することなくそのまま環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表3に示した。
【0030】
比較例15〜1
活性炭の代りにKHPOを表3に示す割合で添加したこと以外は比較10と同様に処理し、環境庁告示13号試験に準じて溶出試験を行い、結果を表3に示した。
【0031】
【表3】
Figure 0003716473
【0032】
表3より明らかなように、活性炭の添加により重金属の溶出を有効に防止することができ、特に、原灰に対して30重量%のヤシガラ活性炭の添加で、pH6.8において、Pb溶出量を0.05mg/l以下、Cd溶出量を0.01mg/l以下にすることができる。一方、KHPOのみを添加した場合には、原灰に対して30.0重量%添加することで、pH6.3、Pb溶出量0.05mg/l以下、Cd溶出量0.09mg/lであり、Cdの溶出防止効果は十分ではない。また、ヤシガラ活性炭とリン酸塩との併用効果が見られ、ヤシガラ活性炭10重量%とKHPO20重量%の添加によりPb溶出量は0.05mg/l以下、Cd溶出量は0.01mg/l以下に低下させることができた。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の重金属含有灰の処理方法によれば、未反応の消石灰の含有の有無にかかわらず、あらゆる重金属含有灰に対して、pH調整を要することなく、容易かつ効率的に処理して、鉛やカドミウムなどの重金属を固定化し、処理物からの重金属の溶出を確実に防止することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating heavy metal-containing ash, and more particularly, incineration ash generated from incineration plants such as municipal waste and industrial waste, and waste generated by an exhaust gas and collected by an electric dust collector or bag filter. The present invention relates to a method for easily and efficiently treating ash (hereinafter, these incineration ash and fly ash are referred to as “heavy metal-containing ash”) to reliably prevent elution of contained heavy metals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, heavy metal-containing ash generated when municipal waste and industrial waste are incinerated at an incineration plant has been used effectively for land reclamation and ground construction.
[0003]
However, the heavy metal-containing ash contains a large amount of heavy metals, and thus there is a problem of elution of heavy metals when used. In particular, fly ash containing a large amount of such unreacted slaked lime which occurs when removing the HCl and SO x in the exhaust gas in slaked lime, pH when in contact with water becomes high so that a lead to large amount of elution.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method for preventing elution of heavy metals in heavy metal-containing ash, a specific amount of water-soluble phosphoric acid or a salt thereof is added to fly ash or a mixture of fly ash and incinerated ash in the presence of a calcium hydroxide source. A method for preventing elution of cadmium and lead (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-61710) has been proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
This proposed method can prevent elution of heavy metals in fly ash very efficiently compared to the conventional method, but when treating fly ash containing a large amount of unreacted slaked lime, the added water-soluble phosphoric acid or The salt is consumed in the reaction with the slaked lime, and thus the pH of the eluate is not lowered, and as a result, elution of lead is unavoidable.
[0006]
The present invention solves the problems of the proposed method, and even in heavy metal-containing ash containing a large amount of unreacted slaked lime, it is easily and efficiently treated without requiring pH adjustment. It aims at providing the processing method which prevents the elution reliably by fix | immobilizing a heavy metal.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for treating heavy metal-containing ash according to the present invention is characterized in that heavy metal-containing ash is fixed by adding water, activated carbon , phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to the heavy metal-containing ash and kneading them.
[0008]
According to the present invention, by adding water and activated carbon to the heavy metal-containing ash and kneading, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in the heavy metal-containing ash are adsorbed on the surface and pores of the activated carbon, thereby stabilizing the heavy metal. And it can fix reliably.
[0009]
For this reason, even if the fly ash contains a large amount of unreacted slaked lime, elution of heavy metals can be reliably prevented without requiring pH adjustment. Further, by adding phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium in the heavy metal fly ash can be more reliably fixed.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0011]
In the present invention, for immobilizing heavy metals containing heavy metals in the ash by kneading the heavy metal-containing ash by adding water and activated carbon and phosphoric acid or its salt.
[0012]
In the present invention, water, activated carbon, particularly restrictions on the order of addition of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof is not activated carbon after addition of water, be added to-phosphate or a salt thereof is then well, activated charcoal was added the rear water-phosphate or a salt thereof may be added. Moreover, you may add water, activated carbon, and phosphoric acid or its salt simultaneously. In this case, water and activated carbon may be mixed in advance to form a slurry. Further, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof may be added in the form of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and if the amount of water is insufficient, water may be added separately.
[0013]
The amount of water added to the heavy metal-containing ash is preferably 10 to 60% by weight based on the heavy metal-containing ash. In the present invention, since there is almost no difference in the treatment effect due to the amount of water added, the amount of water added is appropriately determined according to workability and the like.
[0014]
On the other hand, the addition amount of activated carbon is preferably 1 to 50% by weight based on the heavy metal-containing ash.
[0015]
In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as activated carbon used by this invention, As long as activated carbon with adsorption ability, such as coconut husk charcoal, coal charcoal, and peat charcoal, all can be used.
[0016]
The-phosphate or a salt thereof, orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, metaphosphoric acid, trisodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate , Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trilithium phosphate, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, or a mixture thereof.
[0017]
The addition amount of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on heavy metal-containing ash.
[0018]
According to the present invention, by adding water, activated carbon , phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to the heavy metal-containing ash and kneading, a kneaded product with almost no elution of heavy metal can be obtained. In addition, as long as this kneading | mixing method is a method in which heavy metal containing ash, activated carbon, etc. are mixed uniformly, what kind of method may be used. This mixture is usually landfilled.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0020]
In addition, the component composition of the fly ash (raw ash) processed in the following examples is as shown in Table 1.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003716473
[0022]
Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-4
Take 50 g of raw ash I in a 500 ml poly beaker, add 40% by weight of water to the raw ash I, and add the amount of coconut shell activated carbon shown in Table 2 alone or in combination with normal phosphoric acid, The mixture was thoroughly kneaded with a spatula.
[0023]
The obtained kneaded product was subjected to a dissolution test according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
Comparative Example 5
The elution test was carried out as it was in accordance with the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test without any treatment of the raw ash I, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
Comparative Example 6-9
The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out except that orthophosphoric acid was added in the ratio shown in Table 2 instead of activated carbon, and an elution test was conducted according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003716473
[0027]
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of activated carbon can effectively prevent the elution of heavy metals. In particular, the addition of 30% by weight of coconut husk activated carbon to the raw ash results in a Pb elution amount at pH 12.4. It can be 0.05 mg / l or less. On the other hand, when only normal phosphoric acid is added, the pH is slightly lowered to 12.3 by adding 22.5% by weight to the raw ash, but the Pb elution amount is 0.12 mg / 1 and the elution prevention effect is not sufficient. Moreover, the combined use effect of coconut husk activated carbon and normal phosphoric acid was seen, and the amount of Pb elution was reduced to 0.05 mg / l or less by the addition of 10 wt.% Coconut husk activated carbon and 11.3 wt.
[0028]
Examples 5-8, Comparative Examples 10 to 13
Examples 1 to 4 and comparison except that raw ash II was used in place of raw ash I, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ) was used in place of normal phosphoric acid in the ratio shown in Table 3 The treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, and the obtained kneaded product was subjected to a dissolution test according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0029]
Comparative Example 14
The raw ash II was subjected to a dissolution test according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 test without any treatment, and the results are shown in Table 3.
[0030]
Comparative Examples 15 to 18
Except that the K 2 HPO 4 in place of active carbon was added in the proportions shown in Table 3 was treated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 10, carried out the dissolution test in accordance with Notification No. 13 Test Environment Agency, and the results are shown in Table 3 .
[0031]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003716473
[0032]
As can be seen from Table 3, the addition of activated carbon can effectively prevent the elution of heavy metals. In particular, the addition of 30% by weight of coconut husk activated carbon with respect to the raw ash reduces the Pb elution amount at pH 6.8. 0.05 mg / l or less and Cd elution amount can be 0.01 mg / l or less. On the other hand, when only K 2 HPO 4 is added, by adding 30.0% by weight based on the raw ash, pH 6.3, Pb elution amount 0.05 mg / l or less, Cd elution amount 0.09 mg / l 1 and the Cd elution prevention effect is not sufficient. Moreover, the combined use effect of coconut husk activated carbon and phosphate is seen, and by adding 10 wt% coconut husk activated carbon and 20 wt% K 2 HPO 4, the Pb elution amount is 0.05 mg / l or less, and the Cd elution amount is 0.01 mg. / L or less.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the method for treating heavy metal-containing ash of the present invention, regardless of whether or not unreacted slaked lime is contained, any heavy metal-containing ash is easily and efficiently required without pH adjustment. In this way, heavy metals such as lead and cadmium can be fixed, and elution of heavy metals from the treated product can be reliably prevented.

Claims (1)

重金属含有灰に水と活性炭とリン酸又はその塩とを加えて混練することにより、重金属含有灰中の重金属を固定化することを特徴とする重金属含有灰の処理方法。A method for treating heavy metal-containing ash, comprising immobilizing heavy metal in heavy metal-containing ash by adding water, activated carbon and phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to the heavy metal-containing ash and kneading them.
JP34077395A 1995-12-27 1995-12-27 Processing method for heavy metal-containing ash Expired - Lifetime JP3716473B2 (en)

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