JP3701804B2 - Forging apparatus and forging method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a forging device and a forging method for forming a forged product such as a piston head of a compressor, for example.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, as a compressor used in a vehicle air conditioner, for example, a compressor having a configuration as shown in FIG. 14 is known. That is, a plurality of cylinder bores 42 are formed in the housing 41, and a piston 43 is movably disposed in the cylinder bores 42. A swash plate 45 is supported on the drive shaft 44 in the housing 41 so as to be integrally rotatable, and an outer peripheral portion thereof is connected to the piston 43. Then, the swash plate 45 is rotated by the rotation of the drive shaft 44, and the piston 43 is reciprocated in the cylinder bore 42 so that the refrigerant is compressed.
[0003]
In this type of compressor, in order to reduce the weight of the piston 43, for example, a piston configuration as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 has been proposed. That is, in this conventional configuration, the piston 43 is formed by being divided into a substantially cylindrical head portion 46 and a neck portion 47 that are closed at one end, and is formed into a hollow shape by joining and fixing them by welding or the like. It is configured.
[0004]
An annular first groove 48 and a second groove 49 extending in the axial direction may be formed on the outer periphery of the head portion 46 of the piston 43. In such a configuration, when the piston 43 is reciprocated, the oil adhering to the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder bore 42 is scraped off by the first groove portion 48, and the housing 41 is interposed via the second groove portion 49. Is returned to the crank chamber.
[0005]
Conventionally, when a cylindrical part with one end closed, such as the head portion 46 of the piston 43, is formed by forging, a forged product using, for example, a forward extrusion forging device as shown in FIG. A recess portion extending in the axial direction, such as the second groove portion 49, was simultaneously formed on the outer peripheral surface. That is, in this forging device, a mold hole 52 is formed at the center of the fixed forging die 51, and a protrusion 53 for forming the hollow portion 49 is formed on the inner surface of one side of the mold hole 52 so as to extend in the axial direction. Has been. An inner mold 54 having a smaller diameter than the mold hole 52 is disposed in the lower part of the mold hole 52 with a predetermined molding gap, and a punch mold 55 is fitted in the upper part of the mold hole 52 so as to be movable in the axial direction. It is supposed to be inserted.
[0006]
When the forging device is operated, first, as shown in FIG. 15A, the metal material 56 is charged into the mold hole 52 of the fixed forging die 51 at a predetermined temperature or at room temperature. Next, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), a punch die 55 is inserted into the die hole 52, and the metal material 56 is strongly pressed forward by the punch die 55, so that the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 52, A substantially forged product 46 having a cylindrical shape with a lid is formed in accordance with the mold surface shapes of the outer surface of the inner mold 54 and the end surface of the punch mold 55. At this time, a depression 49 extending in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46 by the protrusions 53 on the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 52.
[0007]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 15 (c), the punch die 55 is extracted from the mold hole 52, and the knockout punch is inserted into the molding gap between the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 52 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 54. 57 is inserted. As a result, the forged product 46 is taken out from the mold hole 52 upward.
[0008]
However, in this forward extrusion forging device, the metal material 56 is strongly pressed forward by the punch die 55, and the metal material 56 is pushed into the forming gap. For this reason, if the width | variety of the shaping | molding space | gap is not ensured more than fixed, there existed a problem that the metal raw material 56 could not flow in smoothly and the thickness of the peripheral wall of the forged product 46 could not be made thin.
[0009]
In order to deal with such a problem, a backward extrusion type forging device as shown in FIG. 16 has also been proposed. In this forging device, an inner die 54 is disposed in the lower part of the fixed forging die 51 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and a punch die having a smaller diameter than the die hole 52 is provided in the upper part of the die hole 52. 55 is inserted so as to be movable in the axial direction.
[0010]
When the forging device is operated, first, as shown in FIG. 16A, the metal material 56 is heated to a predetermined temperature or charged at room temperature into the mold hole 52 of the fixed forging die 51. Next, as shown in FIG. 16 (b), a punch die 55 is inserted into the die hole 52, and the metal material 56 is strongly pressed rearward by the punch die 55, so that the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 52, A forged product 46 having a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape is formed according to the shape of the end face of the inner die 54 and the die face shape of the outer surface of the punch die 55.
[0011]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 16C, the punch die 55 is extracted from the die hole 52, and the inner die 54 is moved upward in the die hole 52. Thereby, the forged product 46 is taken out from the mold hole 52 upward.
[0012]
In this backward extrusion type forging device, the metal material 56 smoothly flows into the forming gap between the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 52 and the outer peripheral surface of the punch die 55 as the punch die 55 moves with a high pressure. Therefore, the width of the forming gap can be set narrow, and the thickness of the peripheral wall of the forged product 46 can be reduced. However, in this backward extrusion type forging device, the bottomed cylindrical forged product 46 is moved to the open end side and die cut. Therefore, similar to the forward extrusion forging device shown in FIG. 15, the ridge 53 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 52, and the depression is formed from the substantially middle portion to the open end portion of the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46. When the portion 49 is extended, the forged product 46 cannot be die cut.
[0013]
Therefore, in this backward extrusion type forging device, for example, a structure for forming a recess 49 as shown in FIG. 16 is attached. That is, an accommodation hole 58 is formed in the fixed forging die 51, and a movable die 59 having a vertical width L 1 larger than the formation length L 2 of the recess 49 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the punch die 55. It is arrange | positioned so that a movement to the direction is possible.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 16A, when the metal material 56 is put into the mold hole 52, the movable mold 59 is immersed in the accommodation hole 58. Further, as shown in FIG. 16B, when the forged product 46 is formed by the strong pressure of the punch die 55, the movable die 59 protrudes from the inner peripheral mold surface of the die hole 52 toward the metal material 56, and the forged product 46. A recessed portion 49 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 16C, when the forged product 46 is removed from the mold hole 52, the movable mold 59 is again immersed in the accommodation hole 58.
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this conventional backward extrusion type forging device, a large movable die 59 is movably disposed in the accommodation hole 58 of the fixed forging die 51. For this reason, there existed a problem that the type | mold structure of a forging apparatus was complicated and became large sized.
[0016]
Further, in this conventional forging device, the formation length L2 of the recess 49 in the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46 is determined by the vertical width L1 of the movable die 59. For this reason, when it is desired to change the formation length L2 of the recessed portion 49, or when the shape of the recessed portion 49 is to be changed to a cross-sectional arc concave shape or a through-hole shape, the receiving hole 58 and the movable die 59 of the fixed forging die 51 are There has also been a problem that it is necessary to change the entire forging apparatus to be changed significantly.
[0017]
The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to be able to form a recess on the outer periphery of the forged product without providing a large movable mold, simplify the mold structure and reduce the size, It is an object of the present invention to provide a forging device and a forging method that can easily cope with a change in shape without performing a large setup change.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention described in claim 1, in the forging device in which a metal material is strongly pressed in a forging die to form a forged product according to the die surface shape of the forging die, the forging In order to form a depression on the outer periphery of the product, a movable die having a width smaller than the length of the depression is arranged in the forging die so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the metal material's strong pressure direction. The movable die is projected from the die surface of the forging die to the metal material side.
[0019]
Therefore, when the metal material is strongly pressed in the forging die and the forged product is formed in accordance with the die surface shape of the forging die, the narrow movable die is protruded from the die surface of the forging die to the metal material side, forging. A depression is formed on the outer periphery of the product. Therefore, without providing a large movable die, a recess can be formed on the outer periphery of the forged product, the die structure can be simplified, and the size can be reduced.
[0020]
Moreover, when it is necessary to change the formation length of a hollow part, the formation length of a hollow part can be easily changed by adjusting the protrusion time of the movable die in the strong pressure of a metal material. . In addition, when it is necessary to change the shape of the recess to a circular arc concave shape or a through-hole shape, the shape of the recess can be easily changed by adjusting the amount of protrusion of the movable die from the die surface of the forging die. can do. Therefore, it is possible to easily cope with a change in the formation length and shape of the recess without performing a large setup change.
[0021]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the forging device according to the first aspect, the forged product is composed of a substantially cylindrical piston head whose one end is closed, and the recessed portion is axially formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston head. The groove portion is formed to extend.
[0022]
Therefore, when the groove portion extending in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston head forging, the groove portion can be easily formed without using a large movable mold, and the length and shape of the groove portion can be formed. Changes can be easily dealt with.
[0023]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the forging method in which a metal material is put into a forging die and the metal material is strongly pressed to form a forging product according to the die surface shape of the forging die, a recess is formed on the outer periphery of the forging product. In order to form a metal material, a movable die having a width smaller than the length of the recess is moved in a direction perpendicular to the metal material's strong pressure direction when the metal material is strongly pressed and protrudes from the die surface of the forging die to the metal material side. Is.
[0024]
Accordingly, as in the invention of the forging device according to claim 1 described above, the recessed portion can be formed on the outer periphery of the forged product without providing a large movable die, and the die structure is simplified and reduced in size. be able to. In addition, even when the formation length or shape of the recess is changed, it is possible to easily cope with the change of the projecting time and the projecting amount of the movable die without performing substantial setup change.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, for example, in the piston 43 of the compressor having the configuration shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, when forging a part such as a substantially cylindrical piston head 46 whose one end is closed, its outer peripheral surface The present invention is embodied in a forging device applied to form a recess such as a groove 49 extending in the axial direction.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 1, in the forging device of this embodiment, a die hole 22 having a substantially circular cross section is formed at the center of a fixed forging die 21, and the die hole 22 is substantially below the die hole 22. An inner mold 23 having the same diameter is disposed so as to be movable in the axial direction. A punch die 24 having a diameter smaller than that of the die hole 22 is inserted into the upper portion of the die hole 22 so as to be movable in the axial direction. When the punch die 24 is inserted, the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 22 and the punch die 24 are inserted. A predetermined forming gap for forming the forged product 46 is formed between the outer peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface.
[0027]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a receiving hole 25 is formed in the fixed forging die 21, and a movable die 26 is arranged in the receiving hole 25 so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the punch die 24. It is installed. The movable die 26 is formed in a pin shape, and its vertical width L1 is smaller than the formation length L2 of the recess 49, and the lateral width L3 is substantially the same as the width L4 of the recess 49. . When the metal material 27 put in the mold hole 22 is strongly pressed by the punch mold 24 to form the forged product 46, the movable die 26 moves from the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 22 to the metal material 27 side. The protrusion is made for a predetermined time with a predetermined protrusion amount.
[0028]
Next, a forging method when the forged product 46 such as the piston head is formed by the forging device configured as described above will be described.
When the forging device is operated, first, as shown in FIG. 1A, the metal material 27 is placed in the mold hole 22 of the fixed forging die 21 in a state where the movable die 26 is immersed in the accommodation hole 25. Heated to a predetermined temperature or charged at room temperature. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), a punch die 24 is inserted into the die hole 22, and the metal material 27 is strongly pressed by the punch die 24, and the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 22, the inner die 23. A forged product 46 having a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape is formed in accordance with the shape of the end surface of the die and the shape of the outer surface of the punch die 24.
[0029]
When the metal material 27 is strongly pressed by the punch die 24, as shown in FIG. 1B, the movable die 26 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 22 toward the metal material 27 for a predetermined time with a predetermined protrusion amount. Is done. Thereby, when the metal material 27 flows into the forming gap between the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the punch die 24 and the peripheral wall of the forged product 46 is formed, the outer peripheral surface of the peripheral wall is formed. A recess 49 as a groove is formed extending in the axial direction.
[0030]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1C, the movable die 26 is again immersed in the accommodation hole 25. In this state, the punch mold 24 is extracted from the mold hole 22, and the inner mold 23 is moved upward in the mold hole 22. As a result, the forged product 46 is taken out from the mold hole 22 upward. In addition, although the site | part of the member number 28 becomes a holding | maintenance part at the time of machining the forge product 46 by a post process, it forms as needed, but it is cut and removed finally.
[0031]
The effects that can be expected from the above embodiment will be described below.
In the forging device of this embodiment, the metal material 27 is strongly pressed in the forging die 21, and a forged product 46 that conforms to the die surface shape of the forging die 21 is formed. In addition, in order to form the depression 49 on the outer periphery of the forged product 46, the forging die 21 has a movable die 26 that is narrower than the length of the depression 49, and can move in a direction perpendicular to the strong pressure direction of the metal material 27. It is arranged. The movable die 26 protrudes from the die surface of the forging die 21 toward the metal material 27 when the metal material 27 is strongly pressed.
[0032]
Therefore, when the metal material 27 is strongly pressed in the forging die 21 and the forged product 46 is formed according to the shape of the forging die 21, the narrow movable die 26 is moved from the die surface of the forging die 21 to the metal material. The depression 49 is formed on the outer periphery of the forged product 46. Therefore, the recessed portion 49 can be formed on the outer periphery of the forged product 46 without providing a large movable die, and the die structure can be simplified and the size can be reduced.
[0033]
In addition, when it is necessary to change the formation length of the hollow portion 49, the formation length of the hollow portion 49 can be easily changed by adjusting the protrusion time of the movable die 26 during the strong pressure of the metal material 27. can do. Furthermore, when it is necessary to change the shape of the recessed portion 49 to a circular arc concave shape or a through-hole shape, the shape of the recessed portion 49 is adjusted by adjusting the amount of protrusion of the movable die 26 from the die surface of the forging die 21. Can be easily changed. Therefore, even when the formation length or shape of the recess 49 is changed, it is possible to easily cope with the change without performing a large setup change.
[0034]
In the forging device of this embodiment, the forged product 46 is composed of a substantially cylindrical piston head whose one end is closed, and the recess 49 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston head so as to extend in the axial direction. It has become. For this reason, when the groove portion 49 extending in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston head 46 for forging, the groove portion 49 can be easily formed without using a large movable mold. It is possible to easily cope with changes in the formation length and shape.
[0035]
In the forging device according to this embodiment, the substantially cylindrical forged product 46 with one end closed is configured to be formed by being strongly pressed to the closed end side, so that a so-called backward extrusion forging device is formed. Yes. For this reason, even if the width of the forming gap between the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 22 and the outer peripheral surface of the punch die 24 is set to be narrow, the metal material 27 is moved into the forming gap when the punch die 24 is moved with high pressure. It flows in smoothly. Therefore, the thickness of the peripheral wall of the forged product 46 can be reduced, and the forged product 46 can be reduced in weight.
[0036]
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0037]
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the concave portion 30 is formed in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface of one side of the punch die 24 corresponding to the position where the recessed portion 49 is formed by the movable die 26. It is formed to extend. Thereby, the recessed part 49 can be extended and formed in the outer peripheral surface of the surrounding wall, without reducing the thickness of the surrounding wall of the forged product 46.
[0038]
(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0039]
In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the amount of protrusion of the movable die 26 from the inner peripheral surface of the mold hole 22 during the strong pressure of the metal material 27 by the punch die 24 has elapsed over time. It will be changed with. As a result, a recess 49 having an arcuate cross section is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46.
[0040]
(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0041]
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the amount of protrusion of the movable die 26 from the inner peripheral mold surface of the mold hole 22 passes over time during the strong pressure of the metal material 27 by the punch mold 24. The tip of the movable die 26 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the punch die 24 in the most protruding state. Thereby, a through-hole-like depression 49 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46.
[0042]
(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0043]
In the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the movable die 26 protrudes from the inner peripheral surface of the die hole 22 by a predetermined amount during the strong pressure of the metal material 27 by the punch die 24. The inner die 23 and the punch die 24 are rotated relative to the fixed forging die 21 so that the forged product 46 is rotated. Thereby, a spiral groove-like depression 49 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46.
[0044]
(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0045]
In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a pair of receiving holes 25 are formed in the fixed forging die 21, and the movable die 26 is movably disposed in the receiving holes 25. It is installed. Then, when the metal material 27 is strongly pressed by the punch die 24, both movable dies 26 are projected toward the metal material 27, and flat recesses 49 are formed on both sides of the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46. ing. Therefore, this forged product 46 can be applied to a piston of a vehicle engine, for example.
[0046]
(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0047]
In the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, a pair of movable dies 26 are arranged as in the sixth embodiment, and the lateral width L3 of these movable dies 26 is the sixth embodiment. It is set to be wider than that of the form. Thereby, a pair of large concave depressions 49 are formed on both sides of the outer periphery of the forged product 46 on the opening end side.
[0048]
(Eighth embodiment)
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.
[0049]
In the eighth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a flat plate-shaped movable die 26 is disposed on the fixed forging die 21 so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the strong pressure direction of the metal material 27. ing. The movable die 26 is formed with a first hole 31 having a diameter larger than that of the mold hole 22 and a second hole 32 having a diameter smaller than that of the mold hole 22, and these holes 31, 32 are aligned with the mold hole 22. Alternatively, it can be moved and arranged.
[0050]
That is, as shown in FIG. 11A, when the metal material 27 is put into the mold hole 22, the first hole 31 of the movable die 26 is moved to a position that matches the mold hole 22. Next, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), when the metal material 27 is strongly pressed by the punch die 24, the second hole 32 of the movable die 26 is moved and arranged in advance so as to coincide with the die hole 22. . As a result, a small-diameter recess 49 is formed around the entire circumference of the forged product 46. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 11 (c), when the forged product 46 is die-cut, the forged product 46 is once lowered below the die 26 together with the inner die 23, and the first hole 31 of the movable die 26 is opened. The mold is removed after being moved again to a position that matches the mold hole 22.
[0051]
In addition, this embodiment can also be changed and embodied as follows.
-Three or more movable dies 26 are movably disposed in the fixed forging die 21, and three or more grooves or through-holes 49 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46. To be configured.
[0052]
A plurality of movable dies 26 having different lateral widths L3 are movably disposed on the fixed forging die 21, and a plurality of grooves 49 or through holes 49 having different widths L4 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the forged product 46. Configure to be formed.
[0053]
The embodiment of the present invention is embodied in the forward extrusion forging device shown in FIG.
[0054]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention is comprised as mentioned above, there exist the following effects.
According to the first and third aspects of the present invention, the recessed portion can be formed on the outer periphery of the forged product without providing a large movable die, and the die structure can be simplified and reduced in size. . In addition, it is possible to easily cope with a change in the formation length and shape of the recess without performing a large setup change.
[0055]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the groove portion extending in the axial direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface when the piston head is forged, the groove portion can be easily formed without using a large movable mold. In addition, it is possible to easily cope with changes in the formation length and shape of the groove.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part sequentially illustrating a forging method of a forging device according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a forging device according to a second embodiment.
4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing a forging device according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a forging device according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a forged product by a forging device according to a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an essential part cross-sectional view showing a forging device according to a sixth embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a forged product by the forging device.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a forged product by a forging device according to a seventh embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of main parts sequentially illustrating a forging method of a forging device according to an eighth embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a movable die of the forging device.
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view showing a piston of a compressor.
FIG. 14 is a partially broken front view showing a general compressor.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are cross-sectional views of main parts sequentially illustrating a conventional example of a forging method of a piston head.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing another conventional example of a piston head forging method.
[Explanation of symbols]
21 ... fixed forging die, 22 ... mold hole, 23 ... inner die, 24 ... punch die, 25 ... receiving hole, 26 ... movable die, 27 ... metal material, 31 ... first hole, 32 ... second hole, 46 ... Forged products such as piston heads, 49 ... depressions such as grooves, L1 ... vertical width of the movable die, L2 ... formation length of the depressions.

Claims (3)

In the forging device that strongly presses the metal material in the forging die and forms the forged product according to the die surface shape of the forging die,
In order to form a recess on the outer periphery of the forged product, a movable die having a width smaller than the length of the recess is disposed in the forging die so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the strong pressure direction of the metal material. A forging device that allows the movable die to protrude from the die surface of the forging die to the metal material side during high pressure. 2. The forging device according to claim 1, wherein the forged product is a substantially cylindrical piston head having one end closed, and the recess is a groove formed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston head so as to extend in the axial direction. In a forging method in which a metal material is put into a forging die, and the metal material is strongly pressed to form a forged product according to the die surface shape of the forging die.
In order to form a depression on the outer periphery of the forged product, a movable die having a width narrower than the length of the depression is moved in a direction perpendicular to the strong pressure direction of the metal material when the metal material is strongly pressed. Forging method that protrudes from the surface to the metal material side.

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