JP3699986B2 - Underdrain drainage device - Google Patents

Underdrain drainage device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3699986B2
JP3699986B2 JP2002101700A JP2002101700A JP3699986B2 JP 3699986 B2 JP3699986 B2 JP 3699986B2 JP 2002101700 A JP2002101700 A JP 2002101700A JP 2002101700 A JP2002101700 A JP 2002101700A JP 3699986 B2 JP3699986 B2 JP 3699986B2
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Prior art keywords
water
pipe
drainage
water level
opening
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JP2002101700A
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JP2003289733A (en
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恒雄 小野寺
新作 藤森
重幸 伊藤
健 山里
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Mitsubishi Plastics Inc
Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Plastics Inc
Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、暗渠排水装置に関し、詳しくは、稲作時の田面水位の調節及び畑作時の地下水位の調節を行うための地下潅漑に使用される暗渠排水装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
地下潅漑は、畑作時の圃場の地下水位を調節して毛管現象により水分を補給するものであって、地下水位を作物に適した水位に調節することによって収穫量の向上等の効果を得ることができる。この地下潅漑には、圃場の地中に埋設した通水性の暗渠排水パイプに余剰の地下水を流入させて非通水性の排水パイプから排水路に排出する暗渠排水装置が設置されており、用水の供給も暗渠排水パイプを利用して行うのが一般的である。このような暗渠排水装置での排水状態の制御には、開閉弁に相当する水閘が用いられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の水閘は、止水時には弁を閉じ、排水時には弁を開くという構造であり、排水時の開弁状態では、暗渠排水パイプや排水パイプが末端の排水口を介して大気に開放された状態になってしまうため、パイプ内の空気の流入、流出が発生する。このようにパイプ内に空気が流入すると、地下水中に含まれている鉄分が空気中の酸素と反応して酸化鉄を生成し、この酸化鉄がパイプ内に付着してつまりの発生原因となり、排水機能の低下を招くという問題があった。さらに、暗渠排水における疎水材として籾殻を使用している場合は、空気との接触によって籾殻が早期に腐食し、疎水材の通水性が低下して排水機能が損なわれるという問題もある。また、従来の水閘は、排水経路の開閉のみを目的としているため、水位調節を行う機能が無く、そのままでは地下潅漑に利用することができなかった。
【0004】
そこで本発明は、パイプ内での酸化鉄の発生を抑制して排水機能の長期安定化を図れるとともに、地下潅漑に必要な水位調節機能や水田として使用するときの高水位の維持も可能な暗渠排水装置を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の暗渠排水装置は、第1の構成として、圃場の地中に埋設した通水性の暗渠排水パイプに流入した地下水を非通水性の排水パイプ及び該排水パイプの経路中に設けた排水桝を介して排水する暗渠排水装置において、前記排水パイプの経路中に下方に屈曲した水溜トラップを設け、該水溜トラップに貯留した水によって排水パイプ内の空気の流通を防止するとともに、該水溜トラップの一端開口を上方に向けて前記排水桝内に開口させ、該開口に鉛直方向の水位調節パイプを着脱可能に装着したことを特徴としている。
【0006】
本発明の暗渠排水装置における第2の構成は、前記第1の構成において、前記水位調節パイプは、パイプ上部に形成した上部通水口の高さ位置を上下方向に調節可能に形成されていることを特徴としている。
【0007】
本発明の暗渠排水装置における第3の構成は、前記第1、第2の構成において、前記水溜トラップの一端開口が下流端開口であり、該開口に着脱可能に装着された前記水位調節パイプの上部通水口を、空気弁を備えた密閉蓋で閉塞可能に形成したことを特徴とし、第4の構成は、前記第3の構成において、前記水位調節パイプは、異なる長さのパイプを前記開口に装着して水位調節を行うことを特徴としている。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1及び図2は、本発明の暗渠排水装置の第1形態例を示すもので、図1は縦断面図、図2は要部の縦断面図、図3は本発明を適用した圃場(水田)の一例を示す概略平面図である。
【0009】
まず、図3に示すように、圃場である水田10の内部は、短手方向に延びる畦畔11によって複数の耕作区12に区分されており、水田10の両側縁には、その長手方向に沿って農道13がそれぞれ設けられている。各農道13には、給水路14及び排水路15がそれぞれ設けられている。この給水路14及び排水路15は、状況に応じて開放型の水路で形成してもよく、パイプラインで形成することもできる。また、必ずしも農道13に沿って設ける必要はなく、必要に応じて畦畔11に沿って設けたり、その他の箇所に設けるようにしてもよい。
【0010】
さらに、各耕作区12の地下には、有孔管からなる通水性の暗渠排水パイプ16が複数本埋設されており、この暗渠排水パイプ16の上流側が前記給水路14に接続した給水装置17に接続している。そして、この暗渠排水パイプ16の下流側は、非通水性の排水パイプ18に合流し、水位設定装置19を介して前記排水路15に接続している。なお、給水路14や排水路15の設置場所によっては、給水装置17と水位設定装置19とを耕作区12の一辺に隣接させて、あるいは一体的に形成して設置することもできる。また、暗渠排水パイプ16は、耕作区12の状況に応じて一つの耕作区内に適当な本数を埋設することができ、各暗渠排水パイプ16の上流側を全て給水装置17に接続しなくてもよい。さらに、給水装置17には、暗渠排水パイプ16に空気やゴミ類が侵入しない構造のものを用いることが好ましく、また、耕作区内の水位を調節する水位調節機能を有する給水装置も使用できる。
【0011】
図1に示すように、前記水位設定装置19は、畦畔11や農道13に埋設された状態で設置されるものであって、底部及び側方にパイプ接続部21,22を有する筒状の排水桝23と、該排水桝23の上流側で前記排水パイプ18を下方に屈曲させた形状の水溜トラップ24と、排水桝23内に設置される水位調節パイプ25とを有している。水溜トラップ24の上流側の排水パイプ18aと、前記パイプ接続部22に接続した排水桝下流側の排水パイプ18bとは、両者の軸線が略一致するような状態で設置されており、排水時に暗渠排水パイプ16内に流入した地下水を水溜トラップ24及び排水桝23を介して確実に排出できるような水勾配を有している。
【0012】
水溜トラップ24は、上流側の排水パイプ18aの端部に、下向きに屈曲する第1エルボ26aと、該第1エルボ26aから水平方向に屈曲する第2エルボ26bと、該第2エルボ26bから上方に屈曲する第3エルボ26cを組み付けたものであって、最後の第3エルボ26cの上向き開口が前記排水桝23のパイプ接続部21に接続されて上方に向けて開口した状態となっている。また、第2エルボ26b及び第3エルボ26cの水平部分は排水パイプ18よりも十分に下方に位置するように設定されており、排水パイプ18内に水が存在しないときでも、この第2エルボ26b及び第3エルボ26cの水平部分に十分な水が貯留され、両エルボ26b、26cの上部に空気が流通する空間が生じないように形成されている。
【0013】
前記水位調節パイプ25は、その下端部がリング状のシール材27を介して前記第3エルボ26cの上向き開口内に水密状態で嵌入する形状のパイプからなるものであって、上部には着脱操作用の把手28が設けられている。この水位調節パイプ25は、耕作区12の水位に応じて適当な長さのパイプを選択使用するものであり、パイプ上端に開口した上部通水口29の高さ位置によって耕作区12の水位を調節する。
【0014】
すなわち、上部通水口29の位置が耕作面30から50cm下方に位置する長さの水位調節パイプ25を使用することにより、降雨等によって耕作区12内の地下水位が上昇したときには、暗渠排水パイプ16内に流入した余剰の地下水が、排水パイプ18から前記水溜トラップ24を経て第3エルボ26cから水位調節パイプ25内を上昇し、上部通水口29を越えて排水桝23内に溢流し、排水桝下流側の排水パイプ18bを流れて排水口18cから排水路15に排出され、これによって耕作区12内の地下水位が設定水位まで低下する。また、耕作区12内の地下水位が低いときには、水位調節パイプ25内の水が上部通水口29を越えて排出されることがなく、前記給水装置17から暗渠排水パイプ16に供給される用水によって耕作区12内の地下水位が耕作面30から50cm下方に維持される。
【0015】
さらに、水位調節パイプ25を第3エルボ26cの上向き開口から抜き取ると、第3エルボ26cの上向き開口から直接排水桝23内に水が流入して下流側排水パイプ18bから排出され、従来の水閘を開いたときと同じ状態となって耕作区12からの排水作業を従来通り行うことができる。そして、水位調節パイプ25を抜き取った排水時には、前記水溜トラップ24の内部に水が残留して貯留された状態になるので、この貯留水によってトラップ前後における空気の流通が遮断され、排水状態を継続しても空気が排水口18cから暗渠排水パイプ16方向に流入することを防止できる。したがって、暗渠排水パイプ16内での酸化鉄の発生や籾殻の腐食を防止することができ、長期間にわたって安定した排水機能を維持することができる。
【0016】
なお、排水桝23の上部内周に水位調節パイプ25の把手28を引っ掛けておく吊具等を設けておき、水位調節パイプ25を第3エルボ26cから抜き取ったときに、この吊具等に引っ掛けておくことにより、水位調節パイプ25を排水桝23から取り出すことなく、排水桝23内に収納したままで排水状態とすることができる。
【0017】
一方、耕作区12を水田として利用するときなど、暗渠排水パイプ16からの排水を必要としないときには、前記水位調節パイプ25としてできるだけ長いパイプを使用するとともに、上部通水口29を密閉蓋31で密閉することによって水位設定装置19からの用水の流出を防止する。このように密閉蓋31で水位調節パイプ25を密閉した状態では、耕作区12への用水の供給に伴って水位調節パイプ25内にも水が流入し、水位調節パイプ25内の空気を圧縮して水位調節パイプ25に上向きの力が作用する。この上向きの力が水位調節パイプ25とシール材27との抵抗を上回ると、水位調節パイプ25が外れて用水が排水桝23から流出してしまう。
【0018】
このため、上部通水口29を密閉する密閉蓋31には、水位調節パイプ25内の空気を排出して水を流出させない空気弁32を備えたものを使用し、内圧上昇を抑えて水位調節パイプ25の抜けを防止する。なお、密閉蓋31を上部通水口29に固定する手段は任意であり、弾性部材による嵌め込みやねじ込み等を利用することができる。
【0019】
本形態例に示す空気弁32は、図2に示すように、密閉蓋31に設けた排気口33内に上下動可能に挿入された軸部材34と、該軸部材34の上部に設けられた落下防止部材35と、軸部材34の下部に設けられたフロート部材36と、該フロート部材36の上部に設けられて前記排気口33を閉塞可能なシール材37とで形成されている。
【0020】
この空気弁32は、水位調節パイプ25内に水が無い状態では、フロート部材36等の自重によってシール材37が排気口33から離れた開弁位置に下降しており、排気口33を通って空気が流通可能な状態となっている。したがって、水位調節パイプ25内に水が流入すると、水位の上昇に伴って水位調節パイプ25内の空気が排気口33から外部に排出され、水位調節パイプ25内の圧力上昇を防止する。そして、水面がフロート部材36に達すると、下方のみが開口したフロート部材36内に空気が閉じこめられて浮力が発生し、水面の上昇によってフロート部材36等が上昇し、シール材37が密閉蓋31の下面に水圧及び浮力で圧着して排気口33を閉塞した状態になり、パイプ内からの空気及び水の排出を停止する。
【0021】
これにより、水位調節パイプ25の上端よりも田面水位38が高くなっても、水位調節パイプ25及び密閉蓋31に加わる上向きの力を小さくすることができ、シール材27から水位調節パイプ25が抜け出たり、密閉蓋31が嵌め込み式の場合であっても上部通水口29から密閉蓋31が外れることを防止できる。
【0022】
なお、このような水田として使用する際に、第3エルボ26cの上向き開口を栓状の弁体で閉塞することもできる。しかし、この場合は、耕作区12からの水圧が弁体に直接的に作用するので、第3エルボ26cの上向き開口と弁体とにネジ等の固着手段を設ける必要があり、開閉操作に手間が掛かるという問題がある。また、水位調節パイプ25として短いパイプを用いて上部通水口を密閉したときも同様である。
【0023】
さらに、耕作区12内の田面水位38に対応した長さのパイプを使用し、水位調節パイプ25の上部通水口29を田面水位38と同じ高さ以上にしておくことによって用水の流出を防止することもできる。但し、この場合は、排水桝23を設置した農道13や畦畔11の上面高さと田面水位38との関係によって、水位調節パイプ25の上端と排水桝19の蓋39との間隔が狭くなって水位調節パイプ25に把手28を設けられなくなったり、排水時に抜き取った水位調節パイプ25を排水桝23内に収納しておくことができなくなるという問題がある。
【0024】
このように、本形態例に示す排水装置は、排水桝23内の水位調節パイプ25として耕作区12の地下水位に対応した長さのパイプを用いることにより、耕作区12の地下水位を栽培する作物に適した高さ(深さ)に調節することができる。また、排水時に水閘に相当する水位調節パイプ25を引き抜いて暗渠排水パイプ16から排水パイプ18の排水口18cに向けて排水するときでも、水溜トラップ24に貯留される水によって排水口18cから暗渠排水パイプ方向に空気が流入することを阻止できるので、地下水中に含まれる鉄分が空気中の酸素と反応して酸化鉄が生成することを防止でき、また、疎水材として使用した籾殻が酸素との接触によって腐食が進行することも防止できるから、暗渠排水装置における排水機能の長期安定化を図れる。
【0025】
なお、本形態例では、水位調節パイプ25における上部通水口29の高さを調節する手段として、異なる長さの水位調節パイプ25を着脱交換する例を挙げたが、他の手段を採用することもできる。例えば、水位調節パイプ25を複数のパイプを着脱可能に連結させておき、水位に応じていくつかのパイプを適宜着脱するようにしてもよい。また、水位調節パイプ25として二重筒を使用し、内筒又は外筒の一方、例えば外筒の下端を第3エルボ26cの上向き開口に嵌め込み、他方の内筒を外筒に対して水密状態で上下にスライド可能に形成することにより、内筒上端の上部通水口の高さを調節するようにしてもよい。さらに、上下方向に伸縮可能な蛇腹部材を設置し、この蛇腹部材を伸縮させることによって上部通水口の高さを調節するようにしてもよい。
【0026】
図4は、暗渠排水装置の第1参考例を示す概略縦断面図であって、耕作区12の地中に埋設した暗渠排水パイプに流入した地下水を排出する排水パイプ18の経路中に、下方に屈曲した水溜トラップ24のみを設けた例を示している。なお、前記第1形態例に記載した暗渠排水装置の構成要素と同一の構成要素には同一符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
【0027】
参考例に示すように、排水パイプ18の経路中に水溜トラップ24を設けることにより、前述のように、水溜トラップ24に貯留した水によって排水パイプ18内の空気の流通を防止することができるので、排水時に水閘や弁を開放した状態でも排水口から暗渠排水パイプ方向に空気が流入することを阻止でき、酸化鉄の生成や籾殻の腐食を防止して暗渠排水装置における排水機能の長期安定化を図れる。なお、排水の制御は、従来と同様の水閘で行ってもよく、別途水位調節装置を設置するようにしてもよい。
【0028】
図5は、暗渠排水装置の第2参考例を示す概略縦断面図であって、水溜トラップ24の近傍にスライド式の開閉弁41を設けた例を示している。この開閉弁41は、弁箱42内に開口した排水パイプ18の端部開口43を閉塞可能な弁体44を上下動可能に設け、操作棒45で弁体44を上下動させることによって排水経路を開閉するように形成されている。
【0029】
図6は、暗渠排水装置の第3参考例を示す概略縦断面図であって、水溜トラップ24と開閉弁とを一体化した例を示している。この開閉弁51は、水溜トラップ24の一端開口52を弁箱53内に上方に向けて開口させるとともに、該弁箱53内に前記開口52を開閉する弁体54を上下動可能に設け、操作棒55で弁体54を上下動させることによって排水経路を開閉するように形成されている。
【0030】
図7は、暗渠排水装置の第4参考例を示す概略縦断面図であって、水位設定装置19の下流側に水溜トラップ24を配置した例を示している。すなわち、耕作区12の地下水は、暗渠排水パイプ16から排水パイプ18を通って排水桝23内に流入し、余剰の地下水は、水位調節パイプ25の上部通水口29を越えてパイプ内に溢流した後、水溜トラップ24を通って排出されることになる。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の暗渠排水装置によれば、まず、排水パイプの経路中に水溜トラップを設けたことにより、暗渠排水経路中での酸化鉄の生成や籾殻の腐食を防止できるので、長期にわたって安定した排水機能を得ることができる。また、水位調節機能を設けることにより、地下潅漑における地下水位を作物生育に適した水位に容易かつ確実に調節することができる。さらに、圃場を水田として利用するときなど、水位調節パイプの上部通水口よりも高位置に水位を設定する場合に、上部通水口を空気弁を備えた密閉蓋で閉塞することにより、水位調節パイプを排水桝内に設置したままの状態で排水機能を停止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の暗渠排水装置の形態例を示す縦断面図である。
【図2】要部の縦断面図である。
【図3】本発明を適用した圃場(水田)の一例を示す概略平面図である。
【図4】渠排水装置の第1参考例を示す概略縦断面図である。
【図5】渠排水装置の第2参考例を示す概略縦断面図である。
【図6】渠排水装置の第3参考例を示す概略縦断面図である。
【図7】渠排水装置の第4参考例を示す概略縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10…水田、11…畦畔、12…耕作区、13…農道、14…給水路、15…排水路、16…暗渠排水パイプ、17…給水装置、18…排水パイプ、19…水位設定装置、21,22…パイプ接続部、23…排水桝、24…水溜トラップ、25…水位調節パイプ、26a,26b,26c…エルボ、27…シール材、28…把手、29…上部通水口、30…耕作面、31…密閉蓋、32…空気弁、33…排気口、34…軸部材、35…落下防止部材、36…フロート部材、37…シール材、38…田面水位、39…蓋、41…開閉弁、42…弁箱、43…端部開口、44…弁体、45…操作棒、51…開閉弁、52…一端開口、53…弁箱、54…弁体、55…操作棒
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a culvert drainage device, and more particularly, to a culvert drainage device used for underground irrigation for adjusting the surface water level during rice cultivation and adjusting the groundwater level during field cultivation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Underground irrigation is to replenish water by capillarity by adjusting the groundwater level of the field at the time of field cropping, and by adjusting the groundwater level to a water level suitable for crops, the effect of improving the yield can be obtained. Can do. This underground irrigation is equipped with a culvert drainage device that allows excess groundwater to flow into a water-permeable culvert drainage pipe buried in the ground of the field and discharge it from a water-impermeable drainage pipe to the drainage channel. In general, supply is also performed using a culvert drain pipe. A water tank corresponding to an on-off valve is used to control the state of drainage in such a culvert drainage device.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional water tank has a structure in which the valve is closed when the water is stopped and the valve is opened when the water is drained.When the valve is opened during the drainage, the culvert drain pipe and the drain pipe are opened to the atmosphere through the terminal drain port. As a result, inflow and outflow of air in the pipe occurs. When air flows into the pipe in this way, iron contained in the groundwater reacts with oxygen in the air to produce iron oxide, and this iron oxide adheres to the pipe and causes clogging. There was a problem that the drainage function was lowered. Furthermore, when the rice husk is used as a hydrophobic material in the drainage of the underdrain, there is a problem that the rice husk corrodes early due to contact with air, the water permeability of the hydrophobic material is lowered, and the drainage function is impaired. In addition, since conventional water tanks are only intended for opening and closing drainage channels, they have no function of adjusting the water level and cannot be used for underground irrigation as they are.
[0004]
Therefore, the present invention can stabilize the drainage function for a long period of time by suppressing the generation of iron oxide in the pipe, and can also maintain the high water level when used as a paddy field and the water level adjustment function necessary for underground irrigation. The purpose is to provide a drainage device.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the underdrainage device of the present invention has, as a first configuration, a non-permeable drainage pipe and a drainage pipe of groundwater that has flowed into a permeable underdrainage pipe embedded in the ground of a field . In a culvert drainage device that drains through a drainage basin provided in the path, a water trap trap bent downward is provided in the path of the drain pipe, and the water stored in the water trap prevents the air from flowing in the drain pipe. At the same time, one end opening of the water trap is opened in the drainage basin, and a vertical water level adjusting pipe is detachably attached to the opening .
[0006]
According to a second configuration of the underdrainage device of the present invention, in the first configuration, the water level adjusting pipe is formed such that a height position of an upper water inlet formed at an upper portion of the pipe is adjustable in a vertical direction. It is characterized by.
[0007]
According to a third configuration of the underdrainage device of the present invention, in the first and second configurations, one end opening of the water trap is a downstream end opening, and the water level adjusting pipe is detachably attached to the opening. The upper water flow opening is formed so as to be able to be closed with a sealing lid provided with an air valve . The fourth configuration is the third configuration, wherein the water level adjustment pipe is a pipe having a different length. It is characterized in that the water level is adjusted by attaching to the water .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the underdrainage device of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part, and FIG. 3 is a field ( It is a schematic plan view which shows an example of a paddy field.
[0009]
First, as shown in FIG. 3, the inside of the paddy field 10 that is a farm field is divided into a plurality of cultivated areas 12 by ridges 11 that extend in the short direction, and on both side edges of the paddy field 10 in the longitudinal direction. Agricultural roads 13 are provided along the road. Each agricultural road 13 is provided with a water supply channel 14 and a drainage channel 15. The water supply channel 14 and the drainage channel 15 may be formed of an open water channel or a pipeline depending on the situation. Moreover, it does not necessarily need to be provided along the agricultural road 13, and may be provided along the shore 11 or other places as necessary.
[0010]
Further, a plurality of water-permeable underdrain drain pipes 16 made of perforated pipes are embedded in the basement of each cultivated area 12, and an upstream side of the underdrain drain pipes 16 is connected to a water supply device 17 connected to the water supply path 14. Connected. The downstream side of the underdrain drainage pipe 16 joins a non-water-permeable drainage pipe 18 and is connected to the drainage path 15 via a water level setting device 19. Depending on the installation location of the water supply channel 14 and the drainage channel 15, the water supply device 17 and the water level setting device 19 can be installed adjacent to one side of the cultivation area 12 or integrally formed. In addition, an appropriate number of underdrain drainage pipes 16 can be embedded in one cultivation area according to the situation of the cultivation area 12, and all the upstream side of each underdrain drainage pipe 16 is not connected to the water supply device 17. Also good. Further, it is preferable to use a water supply device 17 having a structure in which air and garbage do not enter the underdrain drainage pipe 16, and a water supply device having a water level adjusting function for adjusting the water level in the cultivation area can also be used.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, the water level setting device 19 is installed in a state of being buried in the shore 11 or the agricultural road 13 and has a cylindrical shape having pipe connection portions 21 and 22 on the bottom and sides. It has a drainage basin 23, a water trap 24 in which the drainage pipe 18 is bent downward on the upstream side of the drainage basin 23, and a water level adjustment pipe 25 installed in the drainage basin 23. The drainage pipe 18a on the upstream side of the water trap 24 and the drainage pipe 18b on the downstream side of the drainage basin connected to the pipe connection part 22 are installed in a state where their axes substantially coincide with each other. A water gradient is provided so that the groundwater flowing into the drainage pipe 16 can be reliably discharged through the water trap 24 and the drainage basin 23.
[0012]
The water trap 24 has a first elbow 26a bent downward, a second elbow 26b bent horizontally from the first elbow 26a, and an upper portion from the second elbow 26b at the end of the drain pipe 18a on the upstream side. The third elbow 26c that bends is assembled, and the upward opening of the last third elbow 26c is connected to the pipe connection portion 21 of the drainage basin 23 and opens upward. Further, the horizontal portions of the second elbow 26b and the third elbow 26c are set so as to be located sufficiently below the drain pipe 18, and even when there is no water in the drain pipe 18, the second elbow 26b. And sufficient water is stored in the horizontal part of the 3rd elbow 26c, and it is formed so that the space where air may circulate may not arise in the upper part of both elbows 26b and 26c.
[0013]
The water level adjusting pipe 25 is composed of a pipe whose lower end is fitted into the upward opening of the third elbow 26c through a ring-shaped sealing material 27 in a watertight state, and is attached to the upper part of the water level adjusting pipe 25. A handle 28 is provided. The water level adjusting pipe 25 is a pipe of an appropriate length that is selected and used in accordance with the water level of the cultivated area 12, and adjusts the water level of the cultivated area 12 according to the height position of the upper water inlet 29 opened at the upper end of the pipe. To do.
[0014]
That is, by using the water level adjustment pipe 25 whose length is located 50 cm below the cultivation surface 30 when the upper water inlet 29 is located, when the groundwater level in the cultivation area 12 rises due to rain or the like, the underdrain drainage pipe 16 The surplus groundwater that has flowed into the water rises from the drainage pipe 18 through the water trap 24 and from the third elbow 26c into the water level adjustment pipe 25, overflows the upper water inlet 29, and overflows into the drainage basin 23. It flows through the drainage pipe 18b on the downstream side and is discharged from the drainage port 18c to the drainage channel 15, whereby the groundwater level in the cultivated area 12 is lowered to the set water level. Further, when the groundwater level in the cultivated area 12 is low, the water in the water level adjustment pipe 25 is not discharged beyond the upper water inlet 29, but by the water supplied from the water supply device 17 to the underdrain drainage pipe 16. The groundwater level in the cultivation area 12 is maintained 50 cm below the cultivation surface 30.
[0015]
Further, when the water level adjusting pipe 25 is extracted from the upward opening of the third elbow 26c, water flows directly into the drainage basin 23 from the upward opening of the third elbow 26c and is discharged from the downstream drainage pipe 18b. The drainage work from the cultivation area 12 can be performed as usual in the same state as when it is opened. When the water level adjusting pipe 25 is drained, water remains in the water trap 24 and is stored, so that the air flow before and after the trap is blocked by the stored water and the drained state is continued. Even so, it is possible to prevent air from flowing from the drain port 18c toward the underdrain drain pipe 16. Therefore, generation of iron oxide and corrosion of rice husk in the underdrain drainage pipe 16 can be prevented, and a stable drainage function can be maintained over a long period of time.
[0016]
It should be noted that a hanger or the like for hooking the handle 28 of the water level adjusting pipe 25 is provided on the inner periphery of the drainage basin 23. When the water level adjusting pipe 25 is removed from the third elbow 26c, it is hung on this hanger or the like. Accordingly, the water level adjusting pipe 25 can be drained while being housed in the drainage basin 23 without being taken out of the drainage basin 23.
[0017]
On the other hand, when drainage from the underdrain drainage pipe 16 is not required, such as when the cultivation area 12 is used as a paddy field, the water level adjustment pipe 25 is used as long as possible, and the upper water inlet 29 is sealed with a sealing lid 31. By doing so, the outflow of water from the water level setting device 19 is prevented. When the water level adjustment pipe 25 is sealed with the sealing lid 31 as described above, water flows into the water level adjustment pipe 25 as the water is supplied to the cultivated area 12, and the air in the water level adjustment pipe 25 is compressed. Thus, an upward force acts on the water level adjusting pipe 25. When this upward force exceeds the resistance between the water level adjusting pipe 25 and the sealing material 27, the water level adjusting pipe 25 is detached and the water is discharged from the drainage basin 23.
[0018]
For this reason, the sealing lid 31 that seals the upper water inlet 29 is provided with an air valve 32 that discharges the air in the water level adjusting pipe 25 and does not allow the water to flow out. 25 is prevented from coming off. In addition, the means to fix the sealing lid 31 to the upper water flow opening 29 is arbitrary, and fitting with an elastic member, screwing, or the like can be used.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, the air valve 32 shown in the present embodiment is provided on a shaft member 34 that is inserted in an exhaust port 33 provided on the sealing lid 31 so as to be movable up and down, and on an upper portion of the shaft member 34. The fall prevention member 35, a float member 36 provided at the lower part of the shaft member 34, and a sealing material 37 provided at the upper part of the float member 36 and capable of closing the exhaust port 33 are formed.
[0020]
In the state where there is no water in the water level adjusting pipe 25, the air valve 32 is lowered to the valve-opening position where the sealing material 37 is separated from the exhaust port 33 due to the weight of the float member 36 and the like, and passes through the exhaust port 33. Air can be circulated. Therefore, when water flows into the water level adjusting pipe 25, the air in the water level adjusting pipe 25 is discharged to the outside from the exhaust port 33 as the water level rises, and the pressure in the water level adjusting pipe 25 is prevented from rising. When the water surface reaches the float member 36, air is confined in the float member 36 that is open only at the lower side, and buoyancy is generated. The float member 36 and the like rise as the water surface rises, and the sealing member 37 is sealed by the sealing lid 31. The exhaust port 33 is closed by pressure bonding to the lower surface of the pipe with water pressure and buoyancy, and the discharge of air and water from the inside of the pipe is stopped.
[0021]
Thereby, even if the field level 38 is higher than the upper end of the water level adjusting pipe 25, the upward force applied to the water level adjusting pipe 25 and the sealing lid 31 can be reduced, and the water level adjusting pipe 25 comes out of the sealing material 27. In addition, even when the sealing lid 31 is a fitting type, it is possible to prevent the sealing lid 31 from being detached from the upper water passage opening 29.
[0022]
In addition, when using as such a paddy field, the upward opening of the 3rd elbow 26c can also be obstruct | occluded with a plug-shaped valve body. However, in this case, since the water pressure from the cultivation area 12 acts directly on the valve body, it is necessary to provide fixing means such as screws on the upward opening of the third elbow 26c and the valve body, which is troublesome for opening and closing operations. There is a problem that it takes. The same applies when the upper water inlet is sealed using a short pipe as the water level adjusting pipe 25.
[0023]
Furthermore, using a pipe having a length corresponding to the water level 38 in the cultivated area 12, the upper water inlet 29 of the water level adjusting pipe 25 is set to be equal to or higher than the water level 38 to prevent outflow of water. You can also. However, in this case, the distance between the upper end of the water level adjusting pipe 25 and the lid 39 of the drainage basin 19 is narrowed by the relationship between the height of the upper surface of the farm road 13 and the shore 11 where the drainage basin 23 is installed and the water surface 38 of the surface. There is a problem that the handle 28 cannot be provided on the water level adjusting pipe 25, and the water level adjusting pipe 25 extracted during drainage cannot be stored in the drainage basin 23.
[0024]
Thus, the drainage device shown in the present embodiment uses the pipe having a length corresponding to the groundwater level of the cultivated area 12 as the water level adjusting pipe 25 in the drainage basin 23 to cultivate the groundwater level of the cultivated area 12. The height (depth) suitable for the crop can be adjusted. Even when the water level adjustment pipe 25 corresponding to the water tank is pulled out and drained from the underdrain drain pipe 16 toward the drain outlet 18c of the drain pipe 18, drain water from the drain outlet 18c is drained by the water stored in the water trap 24. Since air can be prevented from flowing in the pipe direction, iron contained in the groundwater can be prevented from reacting with oxygen in the air to produce iron oxide. Since it is possible to prevent the corrosion from proceeding due to contact, the drainage function of the underdrainage can be stabilized for a long period of time.
[0025]
In this embodiment, as an example of the means for adjusting the height of the upper water inlet 29 in the water level adjusting pipe 25, an example in which the water level adjusting pipe 25 having a different length is attached and detached is given, but other means are adopted. You can also. For example, a plurality of pipes may be detachably connected to the water level adjusting pipe 25, and some pipes may be appropriately attached or detached according to the water level. Further, a double cylinder is used as the water level adjusting pipe 25, and either the inner cylinder or the outer cylinder, for example, the lower end of the outer cylinder is fitted into the upward opening of the third elbow 26c, and the other inner cylinder is watertight with respect to the outer cylinder. The height of the upper water inlet at the upper end of the inner cylinder may be adjusted by forming it so as to be slidable up and down. Further, a bellows member that can be expanded and contracted in the vertical direction may be installed, and the height of the upper water inlet may be adjusted by expanding and contracting the bellows member.
[0026]
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first reference example of the underdrainage drainage device, in the route of the drainage pipe 18 for discharging the groundwater flowing into the underdrainage pipe buried in the ground of the cultivation area 12. An example in which only the bent water trap 24 is provided is shown. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as the component of the culvert drainage device described in the said 1st form example, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0027]
As shown in this reference example, by providing the water trap 24 in the path of the drain pipe 18, it is possible to prevent the air in the drain pipe 18 from flowing by the water stored in the water trap 24 as described above. Therefore, even when the water tank or valve is open at the time of drainage, air can be prevented from flowing in the direction of the drain pipe from the drain outlet, and iron oxide formation and corrosion of rice husks can be prevented to stabilize the drainage function in the drainage system for long periods. Can be realized. In addition, drainage control may be performed with a water tank similar to the conventional one, or a water level adjusting device may be separately installed.
[0028]
FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a second reference example of the culvert drainage device, and shows an example in which a sliding on-off valve 41 is provided in the vicinity of the water trap 24. The on-off valve 41 is provided with a valve body 44 that can close the end opening 43 of the drainage pipe 18 that opens in the valve box 42 so as to be movable up and down, and the valve body 44 is moved up and down by an operating rod 45 to drain the water. Is formed to open and close.
[0029]
Figure 6 is a third schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a reference example of a dark culvert drainage device, which is an example of integrating the the basin trap 24 on-off valve. The opening / closing valve 51 opens one end opening 52 of the water trap 24 in the valve box 53 upward, and a valve body 54 for opening / closing the opening 52 is provided in the valve box 53 so as to be movable up and down. The drainage path is formed to be opened and closed by moving the valve body 54 up and down with a rod 55.
[0030]
Figure 7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a fourth reference example of the dark culvert drainage device, which is an example in which the water reservoir trap 24 on the downstream side of the water level setting device 19. That is, the groundwater in the cultivated area 12 flows from the culvert drainage pipe 16 through the drainage pipe 18 into the drainage basin 23, and surplus groundwater overflows into the pipe through the upper water inlet 29 of the water level adjustment pipe 25. After that, it is discharged through the water trap 24.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the underdrainage device of the present invention, firstly, by providing a water trap in the drainage pipe path, it is possible to prevent iron oxide formation and rice husk corrosion in the underdrainage path. It is possible to obtain a stable drainage function over a long period of time. In addition, by providing a water level adjustment function, the ground water level in underground irrigation can be easily and reliably adjusted to a water level suitable for crop growth. Furthermore, when the water level is set higher than the upper water inlet of the water level adjusting pipe, such as when using the field as a paddy field, the water level adjusting pipe is closed by closing the upper water outlet with a sealing lid equipped with an air valve. The drainage function can be stopped in a state where the is installed in the drainage basin.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of a culvert drainage device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a farm field (paddy field) to which the present invention is applied.
4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first reference example of the dark culvert drainage device.
5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a second reference example of the dark culvert drainage device.
6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a third reference example of the dark culvert drainage device.
7 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a fourth reference example of the dark culvert drainage device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Paddy field 11 ... Bankside, 12 ... Cultivation zone, 13 ... Farm road, 14 ... Water supply channel, 15 ... Drainage channel, 16 ... Drainage drainage pipe, 17 ... Water supply device, 18 ... Drainage pipe, 19 ... Water level setting device, 21, 22... Pipe connection, 23. Surface, 31 ... Sealing lid, 32 ... Air valve, 33 ... Exhaust port, 34 ... Shaft member, 35 ... Fall prevention member, 36 ... Float member, 37 ... Sealing material, 38 ... Water level on the surface, 39 ... Lid, 41 ... Opening / closing Valve, 42 ... Valve box, 43 ... End opening, 44 ... Valve body, 45 ... Operation rod, 51 ... Opening / closing valve, 52 ... One end opening, 53 ... Valve box, 54 ... Valve body, 55 ... Operation rod

Claims (4)

圃場の地中に埋設した通水性の暗渠排水パイプに流入した地下水を非通水性の排水パイプ及び該排水パイプの経路中に設けた排水桝を介して排水する暗渠排水装置において、前記排水パイプの経路中に下方に屈曲した水溜トラップを設け、該水溜トラップに貯留した水によって排水パイプ内の空気の流通を防止するとともに、該水溜トラップの一端開口を上方に向けて前記排水桝内に開口させ、該開口に鉛直方向の水位調節パイプを着脱可能に装着したことを特徴とする暗渠排水装置。In a culvert drainage device for draining groundwater flowing into a water-permeable underdrainage pipe buried in the ground of a farm field through a non-water-permeable drainage pipe and a drainage basin provided in the route of the drainage pipe, A water trap trapped downward in the path is provided to prevent the air in the drain pipe from flowing through the water stored in the water trap, and one end opening of the water trap is directed upward into the drain. A culvert drainage device in which a vertical water level adjustment pipe is detachably attached to the opening . 前記水位調節パイプは、パイプ上部に形成した上部通水口の高さ位置を上下方向に調節可能に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の暗渠排水装置。The culvert drainage device according to claim 1 , wherein the water level adjusting pipe is formed so that a height position of an upper water inlet formed in an upper portion of the pipe can be adjusted in a vertical direction . 前記水溜トラップの一端開口が下流端開口であり、該開口に着脱可能に装着された前記水位調節パイプの上部通水口を、空気弁を備えた密閉蓋で閉塞可能に形成したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の暗渠排水装置。 One end opening of the water trap is a downstream end opening, and an upper water passage opening of the water level adjusting pipe detachably attached to the opening is formed so as to be able to be closed with a sealing lid provided with an air valve. The underdrainage device according to claim 1 or 2 . 前記水位調節パイプは、異なる長さのパイプを前記開口に装着して水位調節を行うことを特徴とする請求項3記載の暗渠排水装置。 The culvert drainage device according to claim 3 , wherein the water level adjusting pipe adjusts the water level by attaching pipes having different lengths to the opening .
JP2002101700A 2002-04-03 2002-04-03 Underdrain drainage device Expired - Lifetime JP3699986B2 (en)

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JP4596869B2 (en) * 2004-09-15 2010-12-15 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Water level control system in cultivated area
JP4134070B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2008-08-13 財団法人 自然農法国際研究開発センター Underground irrigation drainage underdrain
JP4585931B2 (en) * 2005-07-05 2010-11-24 株式会社パディ研究所 Underdrain drainage device
CN104404932B (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-08-24 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 A kind of hidden pipe dredging method based on heavily salted farmland drip irrigation system
JP6471394B2 (en) * 2017-01-10 2019-02-20 東北スイコー株式会社 Paddy field and field combined use water level adjuster
JP7140330B2 (en) * 2018-08-13 2022-09-21 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Water supply and drainage control device for managing rainwater storage in farmland

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