JP3696673B2 - Universal joint - Google Patents

Universal joint Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3696673B2
JP3696673B2 JP31409695A JP31409695A JP3696673B2 JP 3696673 B2 JP3696673 B2 JP 3696673B2 JP 31409695 A JP31409695 A JP 31409695A JP 31409695 A JP31409695 A JP 31409695A JP 3696673 B2 JP3696673 B2 JP 3696673B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
spline
universal joint
needle roller
groove
bearing casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP31409695A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH09151957A (en
Inventor
俊彦 八重樫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Matsui Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Matsui Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP31409695A priority Critical patent/JP3696673B2/en
Publication of JPH09151957A publication Critical patent/JPH09151957A/en
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Publication of JP3696673B2 publication Critical patent/JP3696673B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • F16D3/41Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes with ball or roller bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/06Lubrication details not provided for in group F16D13/74

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、十字軸の4個の各ジャーナル軸部と軸受ケーシングとの間にニードルローラを転動自在に設けたユニバーサルジョイントに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のこのようなユニバーサルジョイント1(図1参照)は、十字軸2の各ジャーナル軸部3の円柱状の平滑な外周面と軸受ケーシング4の円筒状の平滑な内周面との間に順次のニードルローラ6を互いに接触させ、ジャーナル軸部の外周面及び軸受ケーシングの内周面に対して転動自在に配列し、各ニードルローラ6を自転可能かつジャーナル軸部の周面の周りで公転可能にしていた。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来のこのようなユニバーサルジョイント1にあっては、十字軸2の軸線と軸受ケーシング4の軸線とが角度をなしてユニバーサルジョイント1が回転するとき、ニードルローラ6は自転、公転をしながら、回転中心方向(シール環5の方向)にせり上がるスキュー現象を生ずる恐れがあった。このスキュー現象は、シール環5に損傷を与えたり、ニードルローラ6の転動不良を引き起こしたりし、寿命の低下を招く原因ともなっていた。
【0004】
更に、隣接するニードルローラが互いにほぼ接触して相対的に転動する構成となっているため、潤滑油スペースが少なく、潤滑油(グリース)切れを生じて摩耗を生じたり、ローラ相互のの転動接触で発生する摩耗粉が逃げにくいことも摩耗を生ずる原因となっており、寿命に悪影響を与えていた。
【0005】
従って、本発明の目的は、上述のスキュー現象を回避し、また潤滑油スペースを確保するとともに、摩耗粉が逃げやすい構成のユニバーサルジョイントを得るにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的を達成するため、本発明ユニバーサルジョイントは、前記ジャーナル軸部の周面に互いに等間隔離れた複数個のスプライン状溝を設け、スプライン状溝の各個に少なくとも1個のニードルローラを配置し、前記スプライン状溝7の十字軸の基端側の端部は、軸受ケーシングのシール環から離れた位置で終端させたことを特徴とする。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の一形態としては、前記スプライン状溝の溝面を、ニードルローラの半径より大きい曲率半径の凹面とする。更に、本発明の実施の他の形態としては、前記スプライン状溝の溝面を、ほぼ台形の断面形状に形成する。
【0008】
本発明のこの構成によれば、スプライン状溝は十字軸の軸線に平行に形成されており、ニードルローラはこのスプライン状溝内で自転し、ジャーナル軸部の周囲を公転しない。
【0009】
このようなニードルローラはスプライン状溝内でのみ自転するという規制を受けるため、十字軸の軸線と軸受ケーシングの軸線とが角度をなしてユニバーサルジョイントが回転しても、公転しつつ回転中心方向(シール環の方向)にせり上がっていくスキュー現象を生ずることはなくなる。
【0010】
【実施例】
次に、図面につき本発明の好適な実施例を説明する。
【0011】
図2には、本発明によるユニバーサルジョイントの十字軸の各ジャーナルヘッドを示し、図1の従来のユニバーサルジョイントに対応する部分には同一の符号を付して説明する。
【0012】
図2の本発明の実施例では、ジャーナル軸部3の周面に互いに等間隔離れた複数個のスプライン状溝7を設け、スプライン状溝の各個に1個のニードルローラ6を配置する。これらスプライン状溝7の十字軸2の基端側の端部は、軸受ケーシング4のシール環5から離れた位置で終端させる。
【0013】
図示の実施例では、1個分のニードルローラを収容するスプライン状溝を形成したが、複数個例えば、2〜3個分のニードルローラを収容するスプライン状溝を形成してもよい。
【0014】
図3には、スプライン状溝の好適な実施例を示す。図3(a)は、スプライン状溝7の溝面を、ニードルローラ6の半径より大きい曲率半径の凹面とした実施例であり、図3bは、スプライン状溝7の溝面をほぼ台形の断面形状に形成した実施例である。
【0015】
図3の(a)の実施例では、ニードルローラ6は、この断面で見て、スプライン状溝7の溝面の底面中心と、軸受ケーシング4の内面との2点で接触して転動する。
【0016】
このようなスプライン状溝は、転造加工、冷間プレス加工、又は歯切り加工で形成することができるが、精度向上のためには冷間で4軸同時成形するのが好適である。
【0017】
図3の(b)の実施例では、ニードルローラ6は、スプライン状溝7の溝面の両側の側面と軸受ケーシング4の内面との3点で接触して転動する。本発明によれば、ニードルローラ6に予圧が加わるよう組付けることができる。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ニードルローラはこのスプライン状溝内で自転するだけで、ジャーナル軸部の周囲を公転することはないため、十字軸の軸線と軸受ケーシングの軸線とが角度をなしてユニバーサルジョイントが回転しても、公転しつつ回転中心方向(シール環の方向)にせり上がっていくスキュー現象を生ずる恐れは全くないという効果が得られる。
【0019】
また、隣接するニードルローラは互いに接触することがなく、十分大きな隙間が存在し、従って、潤滑油を保留するスペースが十分存在することとなり、潤滑油切れの心配は全くなくなる。
【0020】
更に、ニードルローラ間に十分な隙間が存在するため、回転中の遠心力によって軸受ケーシングの底部に潤滑金属粉が滞留しやすくなり、新しい潤滑油を供給する際に底部に滞留した金属粉は古い潤滑油とともに、ローラの隙間を通って外部に押し出すことができ、ほぼ完全な状態で入替えを行うことができる。
【0021】
更にまた、従来は、ニードルローラ6がジャーナル軸部3の周面に沿って公転を行うことができるようにするためジャーナル軸部3の周面を研磨加工する必要があったが、本発明によれば、ジャーナル軸部3の周面の研磨加工は不要であるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】従来のユニバーサルジョイントの説明図であり、(a)は側面図、(b)は十字軸の軸受ケーシング部分の部分縦断面図である。
【図2】本発明によるユニバーサルジョイントの説明図であり、(a)は軸受ケーシング部分の横断面図、(b)は十字軸のジャーナル軸部の側面図、(c)はジャーナル軸部の横断面図、(d)は軸受ケーシング部分の縦断面図であり、(b)〜(d)はニードルローラを省略したものである。
【図3】スプライン状溝の形状の実施例の線図的説明図であり、(a)は凹面状のスプライン状溝、(b)は台形断面形状のスプライン状溝の実施例を示す。
【符号の説明】
1 ユニバーサルジョイント
2 十字軸
3 ジャーナル軸部
4 軸受ケーシング
5 シール環
6 ニードルローラ
7 スプライン状溝
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a universal joint in which needle rollers are rotatably provided between four journal shaft portions of a cross shaft and a bearing casing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Such a conventional universal joint 1 (see FIG. 1) is sequentially formed between the cylindrical smooth outer peripheral surface of each journal shaft portion 3 of the cross shaft 2 and the cylindrical smooth inner peripheral surface of the bearing casing 4. The needle rollers 6 are brought into contact with each other and arranged so as to be able to roll with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the journal shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing casing, and the needle rollers 6 can rotate and revolve around the peripheral surface of the journal shaft. It was possible.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional universal joint 1, when the universal joint 1 rotates with an angle between the axis of the cross shaft 2 and the axis of the bearing casing 4, the needle roller 6 rotates and revolves. There is a risk of causing a skew phenomenon that rises in the direction of the center of rotation (the direction of the seal ring 5). This skew phenomenon causes damage to the seal ring 5 and causes rolling failure of the needle roller 6, thereby causing a decrease in life.
[0004]
Further, since the adjacent needle rollers are in contact with each other and roll relative to each other, the lubricating oil space is small, the lubricating oil (grease) runs out, and wear occurs. Wear powder generated by dynamic contact is difficult to escape, which also causes wear, which has an adverse effect on the service life.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a universal joint having a configuration in which the above-described skew phenomenon is avoided, a lubricating oil space is secured, and wear powder easily escapes.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the universal joint of the present invention is provided with a plurality of spline-shaped grooves spaced apart from each other on the circumferential surface of the journal shaft portion, and at least one needle roller is disposed in each spline-shaped groove. The end of the spline-shaped groove 7 on the base end side of the cross shaft is terminated at a position away from the seal ring of the bearing casing.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As an embodiment of the present invention, the groove surface of the spline-shaped groove is a concave surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of the needle roller. Furthermore, as another embodiment of the present invention, the groove surface of the spline-shaped groove is formed in a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
[0008]
According to this configuration of the present invention, the spline-shaped groove is formed in parallel to the axis of the cross shaft, and the needle roller rotates within the spline-shaped groove and does not revolve around the journal shaft portion.
[0009]
Since such a needle roller is restricted to rotate only within the spline-shaped groove, even if the universal joint rotates with an angle formed between the axis of the cross shaft and the axis of the bearing casing, The skew phenomenon that rises in the direction of the seal ring will not occur.
[0010]
【Example】
Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0011]
FIG. 2 shows cross heads of the universal joint according to the present invention, and portions corresponding to the conventional universal joint of FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0012]
In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of spline-like grooves 7 that are equidistant from each other are provided on the peripheral surface of the journal shaft portion 3, and one needle roller 6 is disposed in each of the spline-like grooves. The ends of the spline-like grooves 7 on the base end side of the cross shaft 2 are terminated at positions away from the seal ring 5 of the bearing casing 4.
[0013]
In the illustrated embodiment, the spline-shaped groove for accommodating one needle roller is formed, but a plurality of, for example, spline-shaped grooves for accommodating two to three needle rollers may be formed.
[0014]
FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a spline-like groove. FIG. 3A shows an embodiment in which the groove surface of the spline-like groove 7 is a concave surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of the needle roller 6. FIG. 3B shows the groove surface of the spline-like groove 7 having a substantially trapezoidal cross section. It is the Example formed in the shape.
[0015]
In the embodiment of FIG. 3A, the needle roller 6 rolls in contact with two points of the center of the bottom surface of the spline-like groove 7 and the inner surface of the bearing casing 4 when viewed in this cross section. .
[0016]
Such spline-like grooves can be formed by rolling, cold pressing, or gear cutting, but in order to improve accuracy, it is preferable to simultaneously form four axes in the cold.
[0017]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3B, the needle roller 6 rolls in contact with the side surfaces on both sides of the groove surface of the spline-shaped groove 7 and the inner surface of the bearing casing 4. According to the present invention, the needle roller 6 can be assembled so that a preload is applied.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the needle roller only rotates in the spline-shaped groove and does not revolve around the journal shaft portion, the axis of the cross shaft and the axis of the bearing casing form an angle to form a universal joint. Even if it rotates, there is an effect that there is no possibility of causing a skew phenomenon that rises in the direction of the center of rotation (the direction of the seal ring) while revolving.
[0019]
Adjacent needle rollers do not come into contact with each other, and there is a sufficiently large gap. Therefore, there is a sufficient space for retaining the lubricating oil, and there is no fear of running out of the lubricating oil.
[0020]
Furthermore, since there is a sufficient gap between the needle rollers, the lubricating metal powder tends to stay at the bottom of the bearing casing due to the centrifugal force during rotation, and the metal powder staying at the bottom when supplying new lubricating oil is old. Along with the lubricating oil, it can be pushed out through the gap between the rollers, and the replacement can be performed in a substantially complete state.
[0021]
Furthermore, conventionally, it has been necessary to polish the peripheral surface of the journal shaft portion 3 so that the needle roller 6 can revolve along the peripheral surface of the journal shaft portion 3. According to this, an effect is obtained that polishing of the peripheral surface of the journal shaft portion 3 is unnecessary.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A and 1B are explanatory views of a conventional universal joint, in which FIG. 1A is a side view and FIG. 1B is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a bearing casing portion of a cross shaft.
2A and 2B are explanatory views of a universal joint according to the present invention, in which FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a bearing casing portion, FIG. 2B is a side view of a journal shaft portion of a cross shaft, and FIG. FIG. 5D is a longitudinal sectional view of the bearing casing portion, and FIGS. 5B to 5D are views in which the needle roller is omitted.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of the shape of a spline-shaped groove, wherein (a) shows a concave spline-shaped groove, and (b) shows an embodiment of a spline-shaped groove having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Universal joint 2 Cross shaft 3 Journal shaft portion 4 Bearing casing 5 Seal ring 6 Needle roller 7 Spline-shaped groove

Claims (3)

十字軸の4個の各ジャーナル軸部と軸受ケーシングとの間にニードルローラを転動自在に設けたユニバーサルジョイントにおいて、前記ジャーナル軸部の周面に互いに等間隔離れた複数個のスプライン状溝を設け、スプライン状溝の各個に少なくとも1個のニードルローラを配置し、前記スプライン状溝の十字軸の基端側の端部は、軸受ケーシングのシール環から離れた位置で終端させたことを特徴とするユニバーサルジョイント。In a universal joint in which a needle roller is rotatably provided between each of four journal shaft portions of the cross shaft and the bearing casing, a plurality of spline-like grooves spaced apart from each other at equal intervals are formed on the peripheral surface of the journal shaft portion. And at least one needle roller is disposed in each of the spline-shaped grooves, and the end of the spline-shaped groove on the base end side of the cross shaft is terminated at a position away from the seal ring of the bearing casing. Universal joint. 前記スプライン状溝の溝面を、ニードルローラの半径より大きい曲率半径の凹面とした請求項1記載のユニバーサルジョイント。The universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the groove surface of the spline-shaped groove is a concave surface having a radius of curvature larger than the radius of the needle roller. 前記スプライン状溝の溝面を、ほぼ台形の断面形状に形成した請求項1記載のユニバーサルジョイント。The universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the groove surface of the spline-like groove is formed in a substantially trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
JP31409695A 1995-12-01 1995-12-01 Universal joint Expired - Fee Related JP3696673B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31409695A JP3696673B2 (en) 1995-12-01 1995-12-01 Universal joint

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31409695A JP3696673B2 (en) 1995-12-01 1995-12-01 Universal joint

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09151957A JPH09151957A (en) 1997-06-10
JP3696673B2 true JP3696673B2 (en) 2005-09-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP31409695A Expired - Fee Related JP3696673B2 (en) 1995-12-01 1995-12-01 Universal joint

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102011896B1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2019-08-20 현대위아(주) Constant velocity joint of tripod type

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109372900A (en) * 2018-11-16 2019-02-22 万向钱潮股份有限公司 A kind of oblique slot type heavy type universal-joint cross trunnion
CN110094430A (en) * 2019-05-05 2019-08-06 万向钱潮股份有限公司 A kind of part needle-type heavy-duty universal section
CN111442033B (en) * 2020-04-16 2023-08-15 浙江钱富万向节有限公司 Cross axle assembly for reducing stress concentration of universal joint

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102011896B1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2019-08-20 현대위아(주) Constant velocity joint of tripod type

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