JP3694279B2 - Method for producing polysuccinimide - Google Patents

Method for producing polysuccinimide Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3694279B2
JP3694279B2 JP2002175896A JP2002175896A JP3694279B2 JP 3694279 B2 JP3694279 B2 JP 3694279B2 JP 2002175896 A JP2002175896 A JP 2002175896A JP 2002175896 A JP2002175896 A JP 2002175896A JP 3694279 B2 JP3694279 B2 JP 3694279B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
polysuccinimide
organic solvent
weight
acid
salt
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JP2002175896A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2003002969A (en
Inventor
敏雄 加藤
誠 助川
玉谷  弘明
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、医薬品、化粧品、香粧品等の中間体として有用なポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法に関する。より具体的には、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩を特定の溶剤中で脱水縮合し、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドを製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、ポリアミノ酸類はタンパク質のモデル化合物として、医学、生化学の分野で頻繁に用いられる。ポリこはく酸イミドは、環境に適合する水溶性ポリマーとして有用であるポリアスパラギン酸合成の前駆体でもある。また特公昭48−20638号公報には、ポリこはく酸イミドを中間体として、薬学的に有用なポリ−(アスパラギン酸)−ヒドロキシアルキルアミドを合成する技術が開示されている。
【0003】
有機溶剤中でポリこはく酸イミドを製造する方法としては、例えば、イオン交換樹脂を触媒として用い、アスパラギン酸を高沸点有機溶剤中で200〜230℃で脱水縮合する方法が、米国特許第4363797号に記載されている。具体的には、例えば、アスパラギン酸と、触媒としてのイオン交換樹脂(商品名アンバーライト)と、高沸点溶剤としてのジフェニルエーテルとを容器内に装入し、230〜240℃まで徐々に昇温すると200℃で脱水縮合が始まり、更に230〜240℃で2〜3時間反応させ、その後、冷却、濾過してイオン交換樹脂とポリこはく酸イミドを回収し、イオン交換樹脂を濾別する処理等を行なってポリこはく酸イミドを得る方法等が記載されている。
【0004】
また、原料としてアスパラギン酸無水物の塩酸塩を用いてポリこはく酸イミドを製造する方法が、特公昭52−8873号公報に記載されている。具体的には、例えば、L−アスパラギン酸無水物の塩酸塩を、不活性有機溶剤であるキシレンに懸濁させ、還流下で加熱し、冷却、濾過する方法等が記載されている。
【0005】
また、特開平7−196796号公報には、原料としてアスパラギン酸等を用い、o−クレゾール等の溶媒中で硫酸等の酸系触媒の存在下、ポリこはく酸イミドを製造する方法が記載されている。また、特開平6−256504号公報には、原料としてアスパラギン酸等を用い、ジメチルホルムアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン等の溶媒中で、ポリこはく酸イミドを製造する方法が記載されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、米国特許第4363797号に記載の方法で得られるポリこはく酸イミドの重量平均分子量は1万程度と低く、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドは得られていない。また、ポリこはく酸イミドとイオン交換樹脂との分離等の処理が必要なので、製造工程が複雑になり、工業化に適さない。また、反応系の温度が比較的高いので樹脂等の劣化、変性、変色等を伴うおそれがある。
【0007】
同様に、特公昭52−8873号公報に記載の方法で得られるポリこはく酸イミドの重量平均分子量も1万程度と低く、更にポリマー中に未反応の原料もかなり混入しており単離収率が低い。また同様に、特開平7−196796号公報や特開平6−256504号公報に記載の方法で得られるポリこはく酸イミドの分子量も低く、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドは得られていない。
【0008】
本発明の目的は、上述の従来技術の課題を解決し、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドを簡易な工程により良好に製造できる工業化に適したポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドを得る為に鋭意検討した結果、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩を特定の有機溶剤中で脱水縮合することにより、重量平均分子量が約3万以上のポリこはく酸イミドを工業的に容易に得ることが可能となることを見い出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち本発明は、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩を、脂肪族含硫有機溶剤及び/又はフェノール類有機溶剤を含む溶剤中で脱水縮合することを特徴とするポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な態様について説明する。
【0012】
本発明においては、原料としてアスパラギン酸無水物の塩を用いる。このアスパラギン酸無水物は、L体、D体、DL体のいずれでもよい。アスパラギン酸塩無水物の塩としては、例えば塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩等が挙げられる。特に、塩酸塩が好ましい。例えばアスパラギン酸塩酸塩は、アスパラギン酸に塩酸水(通常は35%塩酸水)又は塩酸ガスを反応させて得られる。また例えばアスパラギン酸臭化水素酸塩は、アスパラギン酸に臭化水素酸溶液(通常は47%臭化水素酸溶液)を反応させて得られる。また例えばアスパラギン酸無水物の塩酸塩又は臭化水素酸塩は、上述の様にして得られたアスパラギン酸塩酸塩又はアスパラギン酸臭化水素酸塩を単離した後、この塩を有機溶剤中で無水酢酸またはオキシ塩化リン等を用いて温和な条件下に脱水することにより容易に得ることができる。
【0013】
アスパラギン酸無水物の塩に用いる脂肪族含硫有機溶剤としては、水より高い沸点を有する有機溶剤が好ましい。特に、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン等が好適である。また、脂肪族含硫有機溶剤以外の有機溶剤として、例えばジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N,N'−ジメチルイミダゾリジノン等の水より高い沸点を有する非プロトン性極性有機溶剤を併用することも好ましい。以上の各有機溶剤は、先に述べた様にポリこはく酸イミドに対して溶解性が高い点で好ましいものである。
【0014】
アスパラギン酸無水物の塩に用いるフェノール類有機溶剤としては、フェノール、クレゾール(一般に工業的に得られるo、m、pの混合物)、o−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、キシレノール等が望ましい。
【0015】
以上の脂肪族含硫有機溶剤、フェノール類有機溶剤は、単独で用いても良いし、2種類以上を混合しても良い。さらに、共沸脱水を促進させるために他の有機溶剤を1種類以上混合して用いてもよい。また、有機溶剤は、水と分液するものでもしないものでもよい。
【0016】
共沸脱水を促進させるために使用する他の有機溶剤としては、具体的には、メシチレン、ナフタレン、ジエチルベンゼン、ドデシルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素;ジクロロベンゼン、トリクロロベンゼン等の芳香族ハロゲン化炭化水素;フェネトール、ジフェニルエーテル、ジメトキシベンゼン等の芳香族エーテル類;ニトロベンゼン等の芳香族ニトロ化合物が好適に併用できる。上述の芳香族エーテル類であるジフェニルエーテルは、置換基を有していてもよい。例えば、4,4'−ジメチルジフェニルエーテル、3,3'−ジメチルジフェニルエーテル等のアルキル置換ジフェニルエーテル;4,4'−ジクロロジフェニルエーテル等のハロゲン置換ジフェニルエーテル;4−メトキシジフェニルエーテル等のアルコキシ置換ジフェニルエーテル;ジベンゾフラン等の環状ジフェニルエーテル等も好適に併用できる。これら有機溶剤を併用する場合は、その使用割合は全有機溶媒中70重量%以下であることが望ましい。これら有機溶剤の併用は、縮合反応で副生する水を効率良く共沸脱水し、ポリマー化を促進するなどの点から好ましい。
【0017】
上述した各有機溶剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。更に、共沸脱水を促進させる目的で、水より低い沸点を有する任意の有機溶剤を1種類以上混合して用いてもよい。また、有機溶剤は、水と分液するものでもしないものでもよい。
【0018】
アスパラギン酸無水物の塩に対して用いる脂肪族含硫有機溶剤の使用量は、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩100重量部に対して50〜800重量部の範囲が好ましい。この使用量が800重量部以下であると、ポリこはく酸イミドの分子量を高くする上でより好ましく、同時に経済的にも有利である。また、この使用量が50重量部以上であると、ポリこはく酸イミドの析出や粘性増加を防止する上でより好ましい。
【0019】
アスパラギン酸無水物の塩に対して用いるフェノール類有機溶剤の使用量は、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩100重量部に対して20〜1500重量部の範囲が望ましく、30〜1200重量部の範囲が好ましく、50〜1000重量部の範囲がより好ましい。この使用量が特定量(望ましくは1500、好ましくは1200、より好ましくは1000重量部)以下であることは、ポリこはく酸イミドの分子量を高くする上でより好ましく、同時に経済的にも有利である。また、この使用量が特定量(望ましくは20、好ましくは30、より好ましくは50重量部)以上であることは、ポリこはく酸イミドの析出や粘性増加を防止する上でより好ましい。なお、クレゾール系の溶剤については、o−クレゾールを単独で用いるよりも、溶解性に優れたm−クレゾールやp−クレゾールを用いる方が、溶剤の使用量が少ない場合でも反応系が固化し難く攪拌が容易である等の点で好ましい。例えばo−クレゾールを単独で用いる場合、その使用量はアスパラギン酸無水物の塩100重量部に対し200重量部以上が望ましいが、m−クレゾールやp−クレゾールを用いる場合はかなり少ない量でも優れた結果が得られる。
【0020】
本発明においては、この様な有機溶剤中で、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩を脱水縮合してポリこはく酸イミドを得る。この脱水縮合反応は、単に反応系を所望の温度に加熱するだけで進行する。脱水縮合の際の反応系の温度は、特に制限されない。ただし塩を用いる場合は、温度を100℃以上にすることが塩の脱離の点から望ましい。また、温度を230℃以下、更に200℃以下にすることが、アスパラギン酸無水物の塩やポリこはく酸イミド等の熱分解反応が起こり難くなる点から好ましい。脱水縮合反応は、必要に応じて不活性ガス雰囲気下で行うことが望ましく、不活性ガスを溶媒中にバブリングしながら行うことも望ましい。この反応は常圧下でも行うことができ、溶媒の沸点によっては減圧下で行ってもよい。
【0021】
本発明においては、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドを良好に製造する為に、触媒として縮合りん酸を用いることもできる。この縮合りん酸としては従来より知られるものを適宜使用でき、必要に応じて所望のP25 含量のもの(即ち所望の組成のもの)を使用すればよい。具体的には、りん酸、オルトりん酸、ピロりん酸、トリポリりん酸、テトラりん酸等が挙げられる。
【0022】
本発明に用いられる縮合りん酸の使用量は、アスパラギン酸100重量部に対して1〜100重量部の範囲内が望ましく、5〜55重量部の範囲内が好ましく、25〜55重量部の範囲内がより好ましい。この使用量が特定量(望ましくは100、好ましくは55重量部)以下であることは、ポリこはく酸イミドの着色や収率の低下を防止する点で好ましい。この使用量が特定量(望ましくは1、好ましくは5、より好ましくは25重量部)以上であることは、ポリこはく酸イミドの分子量をより高くする点で好ましい。
【0023】
また、縮合りん酸以外の触媒も適宜使用できる。すなわち、この脱水縮合反応は、無触媒でも進行するが、反応温度を下げ反応時間を短くできることから、触媒を用いることが好ましい。この触媒としては、塩酸、燐酸、硫酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸等のプロトン酸、周期表第II、III 、IV、V族の金属、または、その塩等が挙げられる。具体的には、亜鉛末、錫末、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等の金属;酸化亜鉛、酸化錫、酸化マグネシウム、酸化チタン等の金属酸化物;塩化錫、塩化マグネシウム、塩化アルミニウム、塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム等の金属ハロゲン化物;炭酸亜鉛、炭酸マグネシウム等の金属炭酸塩;オクタン酸錫、酢酸錫、酢酸亜鉛等の有機カルボン酸塩;硫酸亜鉛、硫酸アルミニウム等の硫酸塩;トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸錫、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸亜鉛、メタンスルホン酸錫、p−トルエンスルホン酸亜鉛等の有機スルホン酸塩;等が挙げられる。その他、ジブチルチンオキサイド等の上記各金属の有機金属酸化物;チタニウムイソプロポキサイド等の上記各金属の金属アルコキシド;商品名ダウエックス、商品名アンバーライト等のイオン交換樹脂;等が挙げられる。上述の各触媒の使用量は、通常、アスパラギン酸、その塩、又はその無水物の塩100重量部に対して0.001〜50重量部である。
【0024】
また触媒として、塩化リチウム、塩化カルシウム等の金属ハロゲン化物を使用すると、有機溶剤の使用量を削減できる。特に、反応系内でポリこはく酸イミドが析出する場合でも、この金属ハロゲン化物を使用すれば、反応マスの流動性を失わせることなく高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドが得られる。
【0025】
アスパラギン酸無水物の塩の脱水縮合反応において、例えば塩酸塩を用いる場合は、塩酸と水が副生する。この塩酸はガスとして系外へ容易に除去でき、水は系外へ留去させればよい。したがって、本発明の方法においては、生成するポリこはく酸イミドの単離操作は容易である。
【0026】
本発明において、副生した水を反応系外に留去させる方法は特に限定されず、有機溶剤と水との共沸による留去でもよいし、共沸せずに留去してもよい。また、水と共沸等により反応系から有機溶剤の少なくとも一部を除去し、モレキュラシーブ等で脱水する等して水分量を少なくした有機溶剤を系内に戻す操作等を行なうこともできる。ただし、本発明において、特に、水より高い沸点を有する有機溶剤を用いる場合は、有機溶剤を反応系に残しつつ脱水するという簡易な工程が可能となり、工業化する上で溶剤を脱水することに伴う設備が不要となる。
【0027】
以上の様な工程に従い、高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドが容易に得られる。本発明においては、特に、重量平均分子量約3万以上のポリこはく酸イミドが得られるので、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド等の縮合剤で高分子化処理する工程なども不要となる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0029】
<実施例1>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−アスパラギン酸無水物(L−Asp−A)の塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)およびスルホラン13.3gを装入し、150℃まで昇温し、150〜160℃で3時間脱水反応を行った。引き続き、180℃に昇温し、180〜190℃で10時間反応させた。この後、一部ポリマーが析出していたので、スルホラン33.3gを追加して完溶させた。次いで、この溶液を55℃でメタノール66.4gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノール26.6gで洗浄し、更に水66.5gで洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.5g、収率は97.9%、Mwは7.4万であった。
【0030】
単離したポリこはく酸イミドの元素分析結果は、下記の通りであった。
元素分析値(%)(C4H3NO2 として計算した)

Figure 0003694279
<実施例2>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−Asp−A塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)およびスルホラン13.3gを装入し、窒素気流下40〜50mmHg減圧下で150℃まで昇温し、150〜160℃で4時間共沸脱水反応を行った。引き続き160〜170℃で3時間、170〜180℃で10時間反応させた。この後常圧に戻し、一部ポリマーが析出していたので、スルホラン39.9gを追加して完溶させた。次いで、この溶液を55℃でメタノール66.4gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノール26.6gで洗浄し、更に水66.5gで洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.5g、収率は97.9%、Mwは9.5万であった。
【0031】
<実施例3>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−Asp−A塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)、スルホラン27.2gおよびo−ジクロロベンゼン27.2gを装入し、150℃まで昇温し、150〜160℃で3時間共沸脱水反応を行った。引き続き160〜170℃で3時間、170〜180℃で10時間反応させた。この後、一部ポリマーが析出していたので、スルホラン39.9gを追加して完溶させた。次いで、この溶液を55℃でメタノール66.4gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノール26.6gで洗浄し、更に水66.5gで洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.3g、収率は95.9%、Mwは11万であった。
【0032】
<実施例4>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−Asp−A塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)、スルホラン27.2gおよびジフェニールエーテル27.2gを装入し、150℃まで昇温し、150〜160℃で3時間共沸脱水反応を行った。引き続き160〜170℃で3時間、180〜190℃で10時間反応させた。この後、一部ポリマーが析出していたので、スルホラン39.9gを追加して完溶させた。次いで、この溶液を55℃でメタノール66.4gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノール26.6gで洗浄し、更に水66.5gで洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.5g、収率は97.9%、Mwは9.5万であった。
【0033】
<実施例5>
反応容器に、更にp−トルエンスルホン酸1水和物を0.76g添加したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.5g、収率は97.9%、Mwは9.8万であった。
【0034】
<実施例6>
撹拌装置を備えた容器にL−Asp−A塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)、スルホラン13.3gおよび塩化リチウム1.3gを装入し、150℃まで昇温し、150〜160℃で4時間共沸脱水反応を行った。引き続き、160〜170℃で3時間、180〜190℃で10時間反応させた。この後、一部ポリマーが析出していたので、スルホラン39.9gを追加して完溶させた。次いで、この溶液を55℃でメタノール66.4gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノール26.6gで洗浄し、更に水66.5gで洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は9.5g、収率は97.9%、Mwは9.5万であった。
【0035】
<比較例1>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−Asp20.0g(0.15モル)およびスルホラン30gを装入した後、210℃まで昇温し、210℃で8時間共沸脱水反応を行った。この後、この溶液をメタノール100gに排出し、25〜30℃で濾過し、濾塊をメタノールで洗浄し、更に水で洗浄し、その後乾燥して、ポリこはく酸イミドを得た。収量は11.7g、収率は80.3%、Mwは1.0万であった。
【0036】
<比較例2>
撹拌装置を備えた反応容器に、L−Asp−A塩酸塩15.1g(0.1モル)およびベンゼン27.2gを装入し、窒素気流下に80℃まで昇温し、79〜80℃で6時間攪拌した後、濾過し、濾塊をベンゼン27.2gで洗浄し、その後乾燥したところ収量14.8gで結晶が得られた。この結晶を分析した結果、原料のアスパラギン酸無水物の塩酸塩であった。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上説明した本発明の製造方法によれば、重量平均分子量約3万以上の高分子量のポリこはく酸イミドを容易かつ高収率で製造でき、また塩酸等と水が副生する場合は塩酸等をガスとして系内から容易に除去できるのでポリこはく酸イミドの単離操作も容易であり、しかも反応系の温度が比較的低温でも反応が進行するのでポリこはく酸イミドの熱劣化のおそれも少ない。したがって、本発明の方法は、工業化に非常に適している。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing polysuccinimide useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cosmetics and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a high molecular weight polysuccinimide by dehydrating condensation of a salt of aspartic anhydride in a specific solvent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, polyamino acids are frequently used in the fields of medicine and biochemistry as protein model compounds. Polysuccinimide is also a precursor of polyaspartic acid synthesis that is useful as an environmentally compatible water soluble polymer. Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-20638 discloses a technique for synthesizing a pharmaceutically useful poly- (aspartic acid) -hydroxyalkylamide using polysuccinimide as an intermediate.
[0003]
As a method for producing polysuccinimide in an organic solvent, for example, a method in which aspartic acid is subjected to dehydration condensation at 200 to 230 ° C. in a high boiling point organic solvent using an ion exchange resin as a catalyst is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,363,979. It is described in. Specifically, for example, when aspartic acid, an ion exchange resin (trade name Amberlite) as a catalyst, and diphenyl ether as a high boiling point solvent are charged into a container, the temperature is gradually raised to 230 to 240 ° C. Dehydration condensation starts at 200 ° C., and further reaction is performed at 230 to 240 ° C. for 2 to 3 hours. Thereafter, the ion exchange resin and polysuccinimide are recovered by cooling and filtration, and the ion exchange resin is filtered off. And a method for obtaining polysuccinimide is described.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-8873 discloses a method for producing polysuccinimide using aspartic anhydride hydrochloride as a raw material. Specifically, for example, a method is described in which hydrochloride of L-aspartic anhydride is suspended in xylene which is an inert organic solvent, heated under reflux, cooled and filtered.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-196996 describes a method for producing polysuccinimide in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid in a solvent such as o-cresol using aspartic acid as a raw material. Yes. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-256504 describes a method for producing polysuccinimide in a solvent such as dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone using aspartic acid as a raw material.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the polysuccinimide obtained by the method described in US Pat. No. 4,363,797 has a low weight average molecular weight of about 10,000, and a high molecular weight polysuccinimide has not been obtained. In addition, since a process such as separation of polysuccinimide and ion exchange resin is required, the manufacturing process becomes complicated and is not suitable for industrialization. Further, since the temperature of the reaction system is relatively high, there is a possibility that the resin is deteriorated, modified, discolored and the like.
[0007]
Similarly, the weight-average molecular weight of polysuccinimide obtained by the method described in JP-B-52-8873 is as low as about 10,000, and the unreacted raw material is mixed in the polymer considerably, so that the isolated yield Is low. Similarly, the polysuccinimide obtained by the methods described in JP-A-7-196696 and JP-A-6-256504 has a low molecular weight, and no high molecular weight polysuccinimide is obtained.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a method for producing polysuccinimide suitable for industrialization, which can favorably produce a high molecular weight polysuccinimide by a simple process.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to obtain a high molecular weight polysuccinimide, the present inventors have conducted dehydration condensation of a salt of aspartic acid anhydride in a specific organic solvent, so that the weight average molecular weight is about 30,000 or more. It has been found that polysuccinimide can be easily obtained industrially, and the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
That is, the present invention is a process for producing polysuccinimide, characterized by subjecting a salt of aspartic anhydride to dehydration condensation in a solvent containing an aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent and / or a phenolic organic solvent.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0012]
In the present invention, a salt of aspartic anhydride is used as a raw material. This aspartic anhydride may be any of L-form, D-form, and DL-form. Examples of the salt of aspartate anhydride include hydrochloride and hydrobromide. In particular, hydrochloride is preferable. For example, aspartic acid hydrochloride is obtained by reacting aspartic acid with hydrochloric acid water (usually 35% hydrochloric acid water) or hydrochloric acid gas. For example, aspartic acid hydrobromide can be obtained by reacting aspartic acid with a hydrobromic acid solution (usually a 47% hydrobromic acid solution). Further, for example, aspartic anhydride hydrochloride or hydrobromide can be obtained by isolating aspartic acid hydrochloride or aspartic acid hydrobromide obtained as described above, and It can be easily obtained by dehydrating under mild conditions using acetic anhydride or phosphorus oxychloride.
[0013]
As the aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent used for the salt of aspartic anhydride, an organic solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water is preferable. In particular, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone and the like are preferable. Further, as an organic solvent other than the aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent, for example, aprotic polarity having a higher boiling point than water such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N′-dimethylimidazolidinone It is also preferable to use an organic solvent in combination. Each of the above organic solvents is preferable because it is highly soluble in polysuccinimide as described above.
[0014]
As the phenolic organic solvent used for the salt of aspartic anhydride, phenol, cresol (a mixture of o, m, and p generally obtained industrially), o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, xylenol, and the like are desirable. .
[0015]
The above aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvents and phenolic organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, in order to promote azeotropic dehydration, one or more other organic solvents may be mixed and used. The organic solvent may or may not be separated from water.
[0016]
Specific examples of other organic solvents used for promoting azeotropic dehydration include aromatic hydrocarbons such as mesitylene, naphthalene, diethylbenzene, and dodecylbenzene; aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene. An aromatic ether such as phenetole, diphenyl ether, and dimethoxybenzene; an aromatic nitro compound such as nitrobenzene can be suitably used in combination. The above-mentioned aromatic ethers diphenyl ether may have a substituent. For example, alkyl-substituted diphenyl ethers such as 4,4′-dimethyldiphenyl ether and 3,3′-dimethyldiphenyl ether; halogen-substituted diphenyl ethers such as 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl ether; alkoxy-substituted diphenyl ethers such as 4-methoxydiphenyl ether; cyclic such as dibenzofuran Diphenyl ether and the like can also be suitably used in combination. When these organic solvents are used in combination, the use ratio is desirably 70% by weight or less in the total organic solvent. The combined use of these organic solvents is preferable from the viewpoint of efficiently azeotropically dehydrating water produced as a by-product in the condensation reaction and promoting polymerization.
[0017]
Each organic solvent mentioned above may be used independently, and may mix and use two or more types. Furthermore, for the purpose of promoting azeotropic dehydration, one or more kinds of arbitrary organic solvents having a boiling point lower than that of water may be mixed and used. The organic solvent may or may not be separated from water.
[0018]
The amount of the aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent used for the salt of aspartic anhydride is preferably in the range of 50 to 800 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the salt of aspartic anhydride. When the amount used is 800 parts by weight or less, it is more preferable for increasing the molecular weight of polysuccinimide, and at the same time, it is economically advantageous. Moreover, when this usage-amount is 50 weight part or more, when preventing precipitation of a polysuccinimide and a viscosity increase, it is more preferable.
[0019]
The amount of the phenolic organic solvent used for the aspartic anhydride salt is desirably 20 to 1500 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 1200 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the aspartic anhydride salt. The range of 50 to 1000 parts by weight is more preferable. It is more preferable to increase the molecular weight of the polysuccinimide, and it is economically advantageous that the amount used is less than a specific amount (desirably 1500, preferably 1200, more preferably 1000 parts by weight). . Further, it is more preferable that the amount used is a specific amount (desirably 20, preferably 30, more preferably 50 parts by weight) in order to prevent precipitation of polysuccinimide and increase in viscosity. Regarding cresol-based solvents, it is more difficult to solidify the reaction system when m-cresol or p-cresol, which is superior in solubility, is used than when o-cresol is used alone, even when the amount of solvent used is small. It is preferable in terms of easy stirring. For example, when o-cresol is used alone, the amount used is preferably 200 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the salt of aspartic anhydride, but when m-cresol or p-cresol is used, even a very small amount is excellent. Results are obtained.
[0020]
In the present invention, polysuccinimide is obtained by dehydrating condensation of a salt of aspartic anhydride in such an organic solvent. This dehydration condensation reaction proceeds simply by heating the reaction system to a desired temperature. The temperature of the reaction system during dehydration condensation is not particularly limited. However, when a salt is used, it is desirable that the temperature be 100 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of salt elimination. Further, it is preferable to set the temperature to 230 ° C. or lower, and further to 200 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint that the thermal decomposition reaction of aspartic anhydride salt, polysuccinimide and the like hardly occurs. The dehydration condensation reaction is desirably performed in an inert gas atmosphere as necessary, and is desirably performed while bubbling the inert gas into the solvent. This reaction can be performed under normal pressure, and may be performed under reduced pressure depending on the boiling point of the solvent.
[0021]
In the present invention, in order to satisfactorily produce a high molecular weight polysuccinimide, condensed phosphoric acid can also be used as a catalyst. As this condensed phosphoric acid, those conventionally known can be used as appropriate, and those having a desired P 2 O 5 content (that is, those having a desired composition) may be used if necessary. Specific examples include phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid, and tetraphosphoric acid.
[0022]
The amount of condensed phosphoric acid used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably in the range of 5 to 55 parts by weight, and in the range of 25 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of aspartic acid. The inside is more preferable. It is preferable that the amount used is not more than a specific amount (desirably 100, preferably 55 parts by weight) from the viewpoint of preventing coloration of the polysuccinimide and a decrease in yield. It is preferable that the amount used is a specific amount (desirably 1, preferably 5, more preferably 25 parts by weight) or more in terms of increasing the molecular weight of polysuccinimide.
[0023]
A catalyst other than condensed phosphoric acid can also be used as appropriate. That is, this dehydration condensation reaction proceeds even without a catalyst, but a catalyst is preferably used because the reaction temperature can be lowered and the reaction time can be shortened. Examples of the catalyst include proton acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, metals of Group II, III, IV and V of the periodic table, or salts thereof. Specifically, metals such as zinc powder, tin powder, aluminum and magnesium; metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide and titanium oxide; tin chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, lithium chloride and calcium chloride Metal carbonates such as zinc carbonate and magnesium carbonate; organic carboxylates such as tin octoate, tin acetate and zinc acetate; sulfates such as zinc sulfate and aluminum sulfate; tin trifluoromethanesulfonate and trifluoromethane And organic sulfonates such as zinc sulfonate, tin methanesulfonate, and zinc p-toluenesulfonate. In addition, organometallic oxides of the above metals such as dibutyltin oxide; metal alkoxides of the above metals such as titanium isopropoxide; ion exchange resins such as trade name Dowex and trade name Amberlite; The amount of each catalyst described above is usually 0.001 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of aspartic acid, a salt thereof, or a salt thereof.
[0024]
In addition, when a metal halide such as lithium chloride or calcium chloride is used as a catalyst, the amount of organic solvent used can be reduced. In particular, even when polysuccinimide is precipitated in the reaction system, a high molecular weight polysuccinimide can be obtained without losing the fluidity of the reaction mass by using this metal halide.
[0025]
In the dehydration condensation reaction of the salt of aspartic anhydride, for example, when hydrochloride is used, hydrochloric acid and water are by-produced. This hydrochloric acid can be easily removed out of the system as a gas, and the water may be distilled out of the system. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the operation of isolating the resulting polysuccinimide is easy.
[0026]
In the present invention, the method for distilling off the by-produced water to the outside of the reaction system is not particularly limited, and may be distilled off by azeotropy of an organic solvent and water, or may be distilled off without azeotropy. It is also possible to perform operations such as removing at least a part of the organic solvent from the reaction system by azeotropic distillation with water, etc., and dehydrating with a molecular sieve or the like to return the organic solvent having a reduced water content into the system. However, in the present invention, in particular, when an organic solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water is used, a simple process of dehydrating while leaving the organic solvent in the reaction system becomes possible, which accompanies dehydrating the solvent for industrialization. Equipment is not required.
[0027]
High molecular weight polysuccinimide can be easily obtained according to the above process. In the present invention, in particular, since a polysuccinimide having a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 or more is obtained, a step of polymerizing with a condensing agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide becomes unnecessary.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0029]
<Example 1>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of hydrochloride of L-aspartic anhydride (L-Asp-A) and 13.3 g of sulfolane, and the temperature was raised to 150 ° C. The dehydration reaction was performed at 150 to 160 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it heated up at 180 degreeC and made it react at 180-190 degreeC for 10 hours. Thereafter, since a part of the polymer was precipitated, 33.3 g of sulfolane was added and completely dissolved. The solution is then discharged at 55 ° C. into 66.4 g of methanol, filtered at 25-30 ° C., and the filter cake is washed with 26.6 g of methanol, further washed with 66.5 g of water and then dried. Succinimide was obtained. The yield was 9.5 g, the yield was 97.9%, and the Mw was 74,000.
[0030]
The elemental analysis results of the isolated polysuccinimide were as follows.
Elemental analysis value (%) (calculated as C 4 H 3 NO 2 )
Figure 0003694279
<Example 2>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of L-Asp-A hydrochloride and 13.3 g of sulfolane, and heated to 150 ° C. under reduced pressure of 40-50 mmHg under a nitrogen stream. An azeotropic dehydration reaction was performed at 150 to 160 ° C. for 4 hours. Then, it was made to react at 160-170 degreeC for 3 hours, and at 170-180 degreeC for 10 hours. Thereafter, the pressure was returned to normal pressure, and a part of the polymer was precipitated, so 39.9 g of sulfolane was added and completely dissolved. The solution is then discharged at 55 ° C. into 66.4 g of methanol, filtered at 25-30 ° C., and the filter cake is washed with 26.6 g of methanol, further washed with 66.5 g of water and then dried. Succinimide was obtained. The yield was 9.5 g, the yield was 97.9%, and the Mw was 95,000.
[0031]
<Example 3>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of L-Asp-A hydrochloride, 27.2 g of sulfolane and 27.2 g of o-dichlorobenzene, heated to 150 ° C., An azeotropic dehydration reaction was performed at 150 to 160 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it was made to react at 160-170 degreeC for 3 hours, and at 170-180 degreeC for 10 hours. Thereafter, since a part of the polymer was precipitated, 39.9 g of sulfolane was added and completely dissolved. The solution is then discharged at 55 ° C. into 66.4 g of methanol, filtered at 25-30 ° C., and the filter cake is washed with 26.6 g of methanol, further washed with 66.5 g of water and then dried. Succinimide was obtained. The yield was 9.3 g, the yield was 95.9%, and the Mw was 110,000.
[0032]
<Example 4>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of L-Asp-A hydrochloride, 27.2 g of sulfolane and 27.2 g of diphenyl ether, heated to 150 ° C., An azeotropic dehydration reaction was performed at ˜160 ° C. for 3 hours. Then, it was made to react at 160-170 degreeC for 3 hours, and 180-190 degreeC for 10 hours. Thereafter, since a part of the polymer was precipitated, 39.9 g of sulfolane was added and completely dissolved. The solution is then discharged at 55 ° C. into 66.4 g of methanol, filtered at 25-30 ° C., and the filter cake is washed with 26.6 g of methanol, further washed with 66.5 g of water and then dried. Succinimide was obtained. The yield was 9.5 g, the yield was 97.9%, and the Mw was 95,000.
[0033]
<Example 5>
A polysuccinimide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.76 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was further added to the reaction vessel. The yield was 9.5 g, the yield was 97.9%, and the Mw was 98,000.
[0034]
<Example 6>
A container equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of L-Asp-A hydrochloride, 13.3 g of sulfolane and 1.3 g of lithium chloride, heated to 150 ° C., and 150 to 160 ° C. The azeotropic dehydration reaction was performed for 4 hours. Then, it was made to react at 160-170 degreeC for 3 hours, and 180-190 degreeC for 10 hours. Thereafter, since a part of the polymer was precipitated, 39.9 g of sulfolane was added and completely dissolved. The solution is then discharged at 55 ° C. into 66.4 g of methanol, filtered at 25-30 ° C., and the filter cake is washed with 26.6 g of methanol, further washed with 66.5 g of water and then dried. Succinimide was obtained. The yield was 9.5 g, the yield was 97.9%, and the Mw was 95,000.
[0035]
<Comparative Example 1>
After charging L-Asp 20.0 g (0.15 mol) and sulfolane 30 g in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, the temperature was raised to 210 ° C., and an azeotropic dehydration reaction was performed at 210 ° C. for 8 hours. Thereafter, this solution was discharged into 100 g of methanol and filtered at 25 to 30 ° C., and the filter cake was washed with methanol, further washed with water, and then dried to obtain polysuccinimide. The yield was 11.7 g, the yield was 80.3%, and the Mw was 10,000,000.
[0036]
<Comparative example 2>
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer was charged with 15.1 g (0.1 mol) of L-Asp-A hydrochloride and 27.2 g of benzene, heated to 80 ° C. under a nitrogen stream, and 79-80 ° C. After stirring for 6 hours, the mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with 27.2 g of benzene and then dried to obtain crystals with a yield of 14.8 g. As a result of analyzing this crystal, it was a hydrochloride of aspartic anhydride as a raw material.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
According to the production method of the present invention described above, a high molecular weight polysuccinimide having a weight average molecular weight of about 30,000 or more can be produced easily and in high yield, and when hydrochloric acid or the like and water are by-produced, hydrochloric acid or the like. Can be easily removed from the system as a gas, so that the isolation of polysuccinimide is easy, and the reaction proceeds even when the temperature of the reaction system is relatively low, so there is little risk of thermal degradation of polysuccinimide. . Therefore, the method of the present invention is very suitable for industrialization.

Claims (3)

アスパラギン酸無水物の塩を、脂肪族含硫有機溶剤及び/又はフェノール類有機溶剤を含む溶剤中で脱水縮合することを特徴とするポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法。A method for producing polysuccinimide, characterized by subjecting a salt of aspartic anhydride to dehydration condensation in a solvent containing an aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent and / or a phenolic organic solvent. 脂肪族含硫有機溶剤が、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン及びジメチルスルホンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種であり、フェノール類有機溶剤が、フェノール、クレゾール、o−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール及びキシレノールからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種である請求項1記載のポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法。The aliphatic sulfur-containing organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane and dimethyl sulfone, and the phenolic organic solvent is phenol, cresol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol and The method for producing a polysuccinimide according to claim 1, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of xylenol. アスパラギン酸無水物の塩が塩酸塩である請求項1又は2記載のポリこはく酸イミドの製造方法。The method for producing a polysuccinimide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the salt of aspartic anhydride is hydrochloride.
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