JP3690996B2 - Method for producing germinated flour and food using germinated flour - Google Patents

Method for producing germinated flour and food using germinated flour Download PDF

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JP3690996B2
JP3690996B2 JP2001152567A JP2001152567A JP3690996B2 JP 3690996 B2 JP3690996 B2 JP 3690996B2 JP 2001152567 A JP2001152567 A JP 2001152567A JP 2001152567 A JP2001152567 A JP 2001152567A JP 3690996 B2 JP3690996 B2 JP 3690996B2
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germinated
flour
wheat
water
food
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JP2002335891A (en
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康人 佐々木
正博 大谷
高志 藤尾
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日東製粉株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、栄養成分に富んだ発芽小麦粉の製造方法及び該発芽小麦粉を用いた食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、米や小麦などの穀物の表皮や胚芽には、食物繊維、ビタミン類、ミネラル類等の栄養成分が豊富に含まれていることが知られている。
【0003】
また、近年、発芽した穀物中に、神経伝達物質として中枢神経系において重要な役割を果たしているほか血圧低下機能を有するγ−アミノ酪酸等の生理活性物質が豊富に含まれることが分かり、発芽穀物を食品に利用する試みがなされている。例えば、特開2000−41582号公報には、発芽穀物を加熱・加圧して所定形状に成形させる穀物菓子の製造方法が開示されている。
【0004】
特開2000−300196号公報には、玄米を発芽させることによりγ−アミノ酪酸を富化したことを特徴とするγ−アミノ酪酸富化発芽玄米が開示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように発芽穀物を食品へ利用する試みがなされているものの、その利用範囲は限られたものでしかなく、幅広い食品に利用できる発芽穀物製品を提供することは非常に有意義なことであると考えられる。
【0006】
したがって、本発明の目的は、幅広い食品に利用できる栄養成分に富んだ発芽小麦粉の製造方法及び該発芽小麦粉を用いた食品を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の一つは、剥皮度が5〜10%の部分剥皮された小麦粒を水に浸漬して発芽させた後、乾燥し、粉砕することを特徴とする発芽小麦粉の製造方法である。
【0008】
上記発明によれば、栄養成分に富み、様々な食品に利用できる発芽小麦粉を提供できる。
【0010】
さらに、前記水として電解水を使用することが好ましい。この態様によれば、小麦粒を発芽させる際に、雑菌の増殖を抑制することができ、発芽率をより向上させることができる。
【0011】
また、本発明のもう一つは、上記の製造方法により得られた発芽小麦粉を含有する食品である。
【0012】
上記発明によれば、発芽小麦粉に含まれる種々の栄養成分を含む食品を提供できる。
【0013】
上記の食品は、前記発芽小麦粉を5〜40質量%含有することが好ましい。この態様によれば、食品の食感や風味を低下させることがない。
【0014】
また、前記食品がパン類、菓子類又は麺類であることが好ましい。この態様によれば、発芽小麦粉に含まれる種々の栄養成分を含むパン類等を提供できる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で使用される発芽小麦粒は、一般に入手可能な国内産、外国産の小麦粒を適当な条件下で発芽させたものを用いることができる。本発明においては、剥皮度が5〜10%の部分剥皮された小麦粒を用いることが好ましい。
【0016】
また、小麦粒の発芽方法としては、例えば、全粒小麦の場合、該小麦粒を水に浸漬して、10〜30℃、好ましくは20〜25℃の恒温槽等に入れて、芽の長さが0.5〜1.0mm程度になるまで発芽させればよい。通常、全粒小麦の場合、芽の長さが上記所定の長さになるのに20〜48時間程度かかる。芽の長さが上記範囲内のときにγ−アミノ酪酸含量が最も多く、芽の長さが1.0mm超になるとその後の加工性に影響がでるため好ましくない。なお、発芽させる際に底の浅い容器に水で湿らせた木綿布等を敷き、その上に小麦粒を直接まいてもよい。
【0017】
一方、部分剥皮小麦の場合、小麦粒を水に一定時間浸漬した後、底の浅い容器に水で湿らせた木綿布等を敷き、その上に小麦粒を直接まいて、芽の長さが所定の長さになるまで上記と同様にして発芽させればよい。上記の水への浸漬時間は小麦粒の剥皮度によって異なるが、通常、小麦粒の含水率が10〜40%、好ましくは15〜35%となるように適宜設定すればよい。通常、部分剥皮小麦の場合、芽の長さが上記所定の長さになるのに16〜40時間程度かかる。
【0018】
また、小麦粒を発芽させる際に用いられる水は、特に制限はなく、水道水、ミネラルウォーター、電解水等を用いることができる。本発明においては、ミネラルウォーター及び/又は電解水を用いることが好ましく、特に電解水を用いることが好ましい。ミネラルウォーターや電解水に浸漬することにより、発芽させる際の雑菌の増殖が抑えられ、また、発芽率も向上する。なお、電解水とは、水を電気分解した際に陽極室側から得られる水をいう。上記ミネラルウォーターや電解水は市販のものを用いることができ、例えば「南アルプス天然水」(商品名、サントリー株式会社製)、「アルカリイオン水」(商品名、キリンビバレッジ株式会社製)等が挙げられる。
【0019】
上記のようにして得られた発芽小麦粒は、適当な乾燥手段、例えば温風乾燥、凍結乾燥等により乾燥して水分を15%以下、より好ましくは12%以下に調整する。例えば、温風乾燥する場合、その温度は40〜90℃が好ましく、60〜80℃がより好ましい。温風乾燥の温度が90℃超であると澱粉のα化や着色が生じ、40℃未満であると乾燥が困難となる。
【0020】
次いで、乾燥した発芽小麦粒を粉砕する方法としては、公知の粉砕方法を採用できる。具体的にはロール製粉、衝撃粉砕、石臼粉砕などが挙げられる。また、製粉した後、篩で粗いフスマを取り除いて小麦粉の粒度を揃えることが好ましい。
【0021】
本発明においては、発芽小麦粉の粒度は、特に制限されず、その用途に合わせて適宜選択できる。例えば、パンに用いる場合は8〜250μmが好ましい。
【0022】
上記のようにして得られた発芽小麦粉は、小麦粉を使用する食品、例えばパン類、ケーキ、ビスケット、クッキー等の菓子類、麺類、天ぷら等の惣菜等において、通常の小麦粉の一部代替品として用いることにより、栄養成分の強化を図ることができる。また、発芽小麦粉はプロテアーゼやアミラーゼ等の酵素活性を持っているため、特にパン類に配合することにより、その食感をしっとりとすることができる。
【0023】
本発明において、発芽小麦粉の使用割合は、通常の小麦粉100質量部に対して5〜40質量部が好ましく、7〜20質量部がより好ましい。発芽小麦粉の使用割合が上記範囲外であると、栄養成分の強化を充分に図ることができなかったり、小麦粉生地がベタついて作業性が悪くなるため好ましくない。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
【0025】
試験例
剥皮度の違いによる吸水速度及び発芽率について調べた。
【0026】
▲1▼吸水速度
所定量(質量)の剥皮度0%の小麦粒(全粒)に、その2倍量の水を加えて静置し、一定時間毎にサンプリングして、小麦粒の水分量を測定した。なお、水分量の測定は常圧加熱乾燥法で行ない、加熱前のサンプルの質量から、加熱後(130℃、3時間)のサンプルの質量を差し引いて水分含量を算出した。
【0027】
また、剥皮度10%の小麦粒を用いて、上記と同様にして水分含量を測定した。その結果を表1に示す。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 0003690996
【0029】
表1から、部分剥皮した小麦粒の方が、全粒に比べて吸水速度が速いことが分かる。
【0030】
▲2▼発芽率
剥皮度0%(全粒)、剥皮度10%、剥皮度20%の各小麦粒を、60分間水に浸漬した後、シャーレの中に敷いた濡れた布の上に、シャーレ1枚当たり100粒撒いた。このシャーレを25℃の恒温槽の中に24時間放置して、発芽した小麦粒の数を数え、発芽率を求めた。その結果を表2に示す。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0003690996
【0032】
表2から、剥皮度10%の小麦粒は、全粒に比べて発芽率がより高いことが分かる。一方、剥皮度20%の小麦粒ではやや発芽率の低下が見られた。また、剥皮度10%及び20%小麦粒は、全粒に比べて発芽速度が速かった。
【0033】
実施例1
小麦粒(剥皮度0%)100質量部を、電解水(商品名「アルカリイオン水」、キリンビバレッジ株式会社製)200質量部に30分間浸漬した後、恒温槽(25℃)に入れて、芽の長さが0.5〜1.0mmになるまで小麦粒を発芽させた。
【0034】
また、小麦粒(剥皮度0%)を精麦機(商品名「RMB10G」、佐竹製作所製)を用いて剥皮(剥皮度約10%)した部分剥皮小麦を用いて、上記と同様にして発芽させた。
【0035】
上記の各発芽小麦を、水分含量が10〜15%となるまで、温風乾燥(80℃)した後、ピンミル(商品名「コロプレックス160Z」、イトマンエンジニアリング製)を用いて粉砕し、篩にかけて800μm以下に粒度を揃えて、各発芽小麦粉を得た。なお、表3に得られた発芽小麦粉(部分剥皮小麦)の成分分析の結果を示す。
【0036】
【表3】
Figure 0003690996
【0037】
実施例2、比較例
実施例1で得られた発芽小麦粉(部分剥皮小麦)を用いてパンを製造した。具体的には表4に示す配合割合で各原料を混合し、家庭用パン焼き器(商品名「三菱自動ホームベーカリーPC−10」、三菱電機ホーム機器株式会社製)を用いてパンを作った(実施例2)。また、発芽小麦粉を用いなかったこと以外は、同様にしてパンを作った(比較例)。各パンの体積及び圧縮応力を測定し、その結果を併せて表4に示した。なお、圧縮応力の測定は、パンを2cm幅にスライスして、下から5cmの部分を底辺として、5×5×2(cm)の立方体を切り取り、レオメーター(商品名「NRM−3002D」、不動工業株式会社製)を用いて、直径2cmの円盤状のアダプタで押して、その圧縮応力を測定した。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0003690996
【0039】
表4から、実施例2のパンは、比較例のパンに比べて体積が大きく、また圧縮応力が小さいことから、食感が柔らかく、良好であることが分かる。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、剥皮度が5〜10%の部分剥皮された小麦粒を水に浸漬して発芽させた後、乾燥し、粉砕することにより、栄養成分に富み、様々な小麦製品に利用できる発芽小麦粉を提供できる。そして、該発芽小麦粉を食品に配合することにより、栄養成分の強化を図ることができると共に、その食感を改良することもできる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing germinated flour rich in nutritional components and a food product using the germinated flour.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, it has been known that the epidermis and germ of grains such as rice and wheat are rich in nutritional components such as dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals.
[0003]
In recent years, germinated grains have been found to be rich in physiologically active substances such as γ-aminobutyric acid that play an important role in the central nervous system as neurotransmitters and have a blood pressure lowering function. Attempts have been made to use food for food. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-41582 discloses a method for producing cereal confectionery in which germinated cereals are heated and pressurized to form a predetermined shape.
[0004]
JP 2000-300196 A discloses γ-aminobutyric acid-enriched germinated brown rice characterized by enriching γ-aminobutyric acid by germinating brown rice.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although attempts have been made to use germinated cereals for food as described above, the range of use is limited, and it is very meaningful to provide germinated cereal products that can be used for a wide range of foods. it is conceivable that.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing germinated flour rich in nutritional components that can be used for a wide range of foods, and foods using the germinated flour.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, one of the present invention is a germination characterized in that a partially peeled wheat grain having a skinning degree of 5 to 10% is immersed in water to germinate, then dried and pulverized. A method for producing flour.
[0008]
According to the said invention, the germinated wheat flour which is rich in a nutrient component and can be utilized for various foodstuffs can be provided.
[0010]
Furthermore, it is preferable to use electrolyzed water as the water. According to this aspect, when germinating wheat grains, growth of miscellaneous bacteria can be suppressed, and the germination rate can be further improved.
[0011]
Another aspect of the present invention is a food containing germinated flour obtained by the above production method.
[0012]
According to the said invention, the foodstuff containing the various nutrient components contained in germinated wheat flour can be provided.
[0013]
It is preferable that said food contains 5-40 mass% of said germinated wheat flour. According to this aspect, the food texture and flavor of the food are not reduced.
[0014]
Moreover, it is preferable that the said food is breads, confectionery, or noodles. According to this aspect, breads and the like containing various nutritional components contained in germinated wheat flour can be provided.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the germinated wheat grains used in the present invention, those obtained by germinating commonly available domestic and foreign wheat grains under suitable conditions can be used. In the present invention, it is preferable to use partially peeled wheat grains having a skinning degree of 5 to 10%.
[0016]
As a method for germinating wheat grains, for example, in the case of whole wheat, the wheat grains are immersed in water and placed in a thermostatic bath at 10 to 30 ° C., preferably 20 to 25 ° C. It is sufficient to germinate until the thickness becomes about 0.5 to 1.0 mm. Usually, in the case of whole wheat, it takes about 20 to 48 hours for the buds to reach the predetermined length. When the bud length is within the above range, the γ-aminobutyric acid content is highest, and if the bud length exceeds 1.0 mm, the subsequent processability is affected, which is not preferable. In addition, when germinating, a cotton cloth or the like moistened with water may be laid in a shallow container, and wheat grains may be spread directly thereon.
[0017]
On the other hand, in the case of partially peeled wheat, after immersing the wheat grains in water for a certain period of time, spread a cotton cloth etc. moistened with water in a shallow container, and spread the wheat grains directly on it, and the length of the buds What is necessary is just to germinate like the above until it becomes predetermined length. The immersion time in the water described above varies depending on the degree of peeling of the wheat grains, but is usually set appropriately so that the moisture content of the wheat grains is 10 to 40%, preferably 15 to 35%. Usually, in the case of partially peeled wheat, it takes about 16 to 40 hours for the buds to reach the predetermined length.
[0018]
Moreover, the water used when germinating wheat grains is not particularly limited, and tap water, mineral water, electrolytic water, and the like can be used. In the present invention, it is preferable to use mineral water and / or electrolyzed water, and particularly preferably electrolyzed water. By soaking in mineral water or electrolyzed water, the growth of germs during germination is suppressed, and the germination rate is also improved. Electrolyzed water refers to water obtained from the anode chamber side when water is electrolyzed. Commercially available mineral water and electrolyzed water can be used, such as “Southern Alps Natural Water” (trade name, manufactured by Suntory Ltd.), “Alkaline Ionized Water” (trade name, manufactured by Kirin Beverage Co., Ltd.), and the like. It is done.
[0019]
The germinated wheat grains obtained as described above are dried by an appropriate drying means such as hot air drying, freeze drying or the like to adjust the water content to 15% or less, more preferably 12% or less. For example, when warm air drying is performed, the temperature is preferably 40 to 90 ° C, more preferably 60 to 80 ° C. When the temperature of hot air drying is higher than 90 ° C., starch is gelatinized or colored, and when it is lower than 40 ° C., drying becomes difficult.
[0020]
Next, as a method for pulverizing the dried germinated wheat grains, a known pulverization method can be employed. Specific examples include roll milling, impact pulverization, and stone mill pulverization. Moreover, after milling, it is preferable to remove the coarse bran with a sieve to make the grain size of the flour uniform.
[0021]
In the present invention, the particle size of the germinated wheat flour is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the application. For example, when used for bread, 8 to 250 μm is preferable.
[0022]
The germinated flour obtained as described above is used as a partial substitute for normal flour in foods that use flour, such as breads, cakes, biscuits, cookies and other confectionery, noodles, tempura and other side dishes. By using it, nutritional components can be strengthened. In addition, since germinated wheat flour has enzyme activities such as protease and amylase, the texture can be moistened especially by blending into breads.
[0023]
In this invention, 5-40 mass parts is preferable with respect to 100 mass parts of normal wheat flour, and 7-20 mass parts is more preferable. If the proportion of germinated wheat flour is out of the above range, it is not preferable because the nutritional components cannot be sufficiently strengthened or the flour dough becomes sticky and the workability deteriorates.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
[0025]
Test Example The water absorption rate and germination rate due to the difference in the degree of peeling were examined.
[0026]
(1) Water absorption rate Predetermined amount (mass) of wheat grain (whole grain) with 0% skin peel, add twice the amount of water and let stand, and sample the moisture content of wheat grain every fixed time Was measured. The moisture content was measured by a normal pressure heating drying method, and the moisture content was calculated by subtracting the mass of the sample after heating (130 ° C., 3 hours) from the mass of the sample before heating.
[0027]
In addition, the moisture content was measured in the same manner as described above using wheat grains having a skin peel degree of 10%. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003690996
[0029]
It can be seen from Table 1 that the partially peeled wheat grains have a faster water absorption rate than the whole grains.
[0030]
(2) Germination rate Each wheat grain having a skin peel degree of 0% (whole grain), a skin peel degree of 10% and a skin peel degree of 20% was immersed in water for 60 minutes, and then on a wet cloth laid in a petri dish. 100 grains were sown per petri dish. This petri dish was allowed to stand in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and the number of germinated wheat grains was counted to determine the germination rate. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003690996
[0032]
From Table 2, it can be seen that wheat grains having a peel degree of 10% have a higher germination rate than the whole grains. On the other hand, the germination rate was slightly reduced in wheat grains having a skin peel degree of 20%. In addition, the 10% and 20% wheat grains had a faster germination rate than the whole grains.
[0033]
Example 1
After 100 parts by weight of wheat grains (0% peel) are immersed in 200 parts by weight of electrolyzed water (trade name “alkaline ion water”, Kirin Beverage Co., Ltd.) for 30 minutes, they are placed in a thermostatic bath (25 ° C.), The wheat grains were germinated until the bud length was 0.5-1.0 mm.
[0034]
Moreover, germination was carried out in the same manner as described above, using partially peeled wheat that had been peeled using a wheat mill (trade name “RMB10G”, manufactured by Satake Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). It was.
[0035]
Each of the germinated wheat is dried with warm air (80 ° C.) until the water content becomes 10 to 15%, then pulverized using a pin mill (trade name “Coloplex 160Z”, manufactured by Itoman Engineering), and passed through a sieve. Each sprouted flour was obtained by aligning the particle size to 800 μm or less. In addition, the result of the component analysis of the germinated wheat flour (partially peeled wheat) obtained in Table 3 is shown.
[0036]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003690996
[0037]
Bread was produced using the germinated wheat flour (partially peeled wheat) obtained in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. Specifically, each raw material was mixed at a blending ratio shown in Table 4, and bread was made using a home baking machine (trade name “Mitsubishi Automatic Home Bakery PC-10”, manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Home Equipment Co., Ltd.). Example 2). Moreover, except not using germinated wheat flour, bread was similarly made (comparative example). The volume and compressive stress of each pan were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4. The compressive stress was measured by slicing the bread to a width of 2 cm, cutting out a 5 × 5 × 2 (cm) cube from the bottom of the 5 cm portion, and using a rheometer (trade name “NRM-3002D”, Using a Fudo Kogyo Co., Ltd.), it was pressed with a disk-shaped adapter having a diameter of 2 cm, and the compressive stress was measured.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003690996
[0039]
From Table 4, it can be seen that the bread of Example 2 has a larger volume and a smaller compressive stress than the bread of the comparative example, and thus the texture is soft and good.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, after the partially peeled wheat grains having a skinning degree of 5 to 10% are immersed in water to germinate, they are rich in nutritional components by drying and grinding. It can provide germinated flour that can be used in various wheat products. And by mix | blending this germinated wheat flour with a foodstuff, while being able to aim at reinforcement | strengthening of a nutrient component, the food texture can also be improved.

Claims (5)

剥皮度が5〜10%の部分剥皮された小麦粒を水に浸漬して発芽させた後、乾燥し、粉砕することを特徴とする発芽小麦粉の製造方法。 A method for producing germinated wheat flour, characterized in that a partially peeled wheat grain having a peeling degree of 5 to 10% is immersed in water to germinate, then dried and pulverized. 前記水として電解水を使用する、請求項1に記載の発芽小麦粉の製造方法。  The method for producing germinated wheat flour according to claim 1, wherein electrolyzed water is used as the water. 請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法により得られた発芽小麦粉を含有する食品。  A food containing germinated flour obtained by the production method according to claim 1 or 2. 前記発芽小麦粉を5〜40質量%含有する、請求項3に記載の食品。  The foodstuff of Claim 3 which contains the said germinated wheat flour 5-40 mass%. 前記食品がパン類、菓子類又は麺類である、請求項3又は4に記載の食品。  The food according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the food is bread, confectionery, or noodles.
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JP5414100B2 (en) * 2009-05-12 2014-02-12 国立大学法人 新潟大学 Hard sprouted cereal processed food and method for producing the same
JP5608450B2 (en) * 2010-07-13 2014-10-15 学校法人中部大学 Method for producing germinated barley
WO2019047400A1 (en) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-14 广州南国农业有限公司 Active embryo germinated food and preparation method therefor
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