JP3690528B2 - Cartilage repair unit - Google Patents

Cartilage repair unit Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3690528B2
JP3690528B2 JP51766297A JP51766297A JP3690528B2 JP 3690528 B2 JP3690528 B2 JP 3690528B2 JP 51766297 A JP51766297 A JP 51766297A JP 51766297 A JP51766297 A JP 51766297A JP 3690528 B2 JP3690528 B2 JP 3690528B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
insert
area
cartilage
delivery unit
cartilage repair
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP51766297A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000513240A (en
Inventor
シュワーツ、ロバート・イー
グランド、ダニエル・エイ
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North Shore Long Island Jewish Research Institute
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North Shore Long Island Jewish Research Institute
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Application filed by North Shore Long Island Jewish Research Institute filed Critical North Shore Long Island Jewish Research Institute
Priority claimed from PCT/US1996/000451 external-priority patent/WO1997025942A1/en
Publication of JP2000513240A publication Critical patent/JP2000513240A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3690528B2 publication Critical patent/JP3690528B2/en
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Abstract

This invention is a bio-absorbable cartilage repair system (12) for regenerating damaged or destroyed articular cartilage on the surface of a bone by establishing chondrogenic growth supporting matrix between an area of removed damaged or destroyed articular cartilage and the adjacent healthy cancellous bone. The system (12) is at least one assembly of a bio-absorbable delivery unit (14), configured and dimensioned to be mounted in both the removed area and the adjacent healthy area, and a porous bio-absorbable insert (16) supported by and in the delivery unit (14) and establishing communication between the removed area and the adjacent healthy area for a chondrogenic growth supporting matrix. The insert (16) preferably includes a repair factor (e.g., a growth factor, an attachment factor, or both) releasably disposed in the insert (16) to assist in establishing the chondrogenic growth supporting matrix.

Description

発明の背景
本発明は、関節軟骨を再生するための生体吸収性軟骨修復システム、より特定的に言うと、システムと関節軟骨及び海綿骨の隣接する健康な部域との間の血管侵入及び細胞移動を可能にし、これにより、損傷を受けた関節軟骨を再生する結果となるようなシステムに関する。
関節、特にひざ及び腰の関節内の骨の表面上の関節軟骨は、外傷又は疾病によってひき起こされる劣化を受けやすい。軟骨のこの劣化は、痛みを招き、場合によっては関節運動の喪失や激しい痛みを招来する。その結果、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を治療し修復するためのさまざまな方法が開発されてきた。
損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨と置換するために、往々にして補てつ装置が使用される。例えば、米国特許第4,627,853号は、関節軟骨の置換のために用いられるプロテーゼを開示している。プロテーゼは、骨の分節の鉱物質除去によって調整され、鉱物質除去された骨分節は、関節軟骨のための置換物として役立つ。
米国特許第4,880,429号は、ひざの中に移植される補てつ半月を開示している。この補てつ半月は、未変性半月組織の再成長のための足場として作用し、グリコアミノグリカン分子が散在する膠原繊維を含む。
米国特許第5,176,710号は、関節の咬合表面上の骨材料を置換するためのプロテーゼを開示している。このプロテーゼは、それに剛性を付与するべく特定の弾性係数を有しており、生物学的内殖に適した凹状の形状を内含している。
米国特許第4,502,161号は、骨の関節表面と関節の間の天然の半月に置き換わり、骨への付着のためのインサート及び拡張部分及びその中に埋め込まれた補強用織物またはメッシュを含んで成る補てつ半月を開示している。
米国特許第3,745,590号は、関節の修復又は置換のためのプロテーゼにおいて、基幹部及び靭帯要素を含む本体部分を含み、組織の内殖を可能にするプロテーゼを開示している。
米国特許第5,123,927号は、抗生物質を含有する骨セメントを含むひざのプロテーゼを開示している。
損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の置換に用いることのできる補てつ装置はいくつか存在するものの、補てつ装置にはいくつかの欠点がある。例えば、骨に補てつ装置をとりつけるのに用いられるセメントは、ゆるんだり場合によっては破損する可能性がある。その上、断片化したセメントは関節及びそれに付随するリンパ組織内に移動して、炎症やさらなる損傷をひき起こす可能性がある。さらに、セメントは、骨とプロテーゼの間の繊維質組織の形成を結果としてもたらす。プロテーゼの使用に付随するもう1つの主要な欠点は、補てつ装置が置換を必要とする損傷した軟骨よりも大きく、補てつ装置を収容するために健康な骨及び/又は軟骨の一部分の除去が必要となる可能性がある、という点にある。従って、補てつ装置に付随する問題を回避する関節軟骨を修復し再生するためのシステムに対する必要性がなおも存在する。
損傷を受けた関節軟骨を治療するもう1つの手段は、軟骨の切り取られた細片の代用となる修復部品を骨の上に設置することにある。例えば米国特許第5,067,964号は、しなやかで平坦な表面及び湾曲した表面に容易に合わせることができる不織のフェルト状の繊維質材料の層を含む関節軟骨修復部品を開示している。この関節軟骨修復部品は、例えば生体吸収性のネジ又はピン又は同様の一時的固定技術により骨に付着される。繊維組織内殖は、場合によって修復部品をとり囲み、かくして修復部品を骨に永久に付着させる。米国特許第5,067,964号は、損傷を受けた関節軟骨を修復するための代替的方法を開示するものの、これは、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生する手段又は方法を全く開示してはいない。このため、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生することを目的とし、再生された関節軟骨が、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨と機能的に類似しているようなシステムに対する必要性は残されたままである。
従って、本発明の目的は、関節軟骨を再生するためのシステムを提供することにある。
他の目的は、再生された関節軟骨が、繊維質又は繊維軟骨性の修復よりも機能的に優れ、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨と機能的に類似しているような関節軟骨を再生するシステムを提供することである。
さらに他の目的は、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の再生について用いられる軟骨修復システムを提供することである。
本発明のまたさらに他の目的は、セメント又は非生体吸収補てつ装置を用いた軟骨修復システムの実施形態を提供することである。
発明の要約
本発明の上述の及び関連する目的は、除去された損傷又は破壊を受けた部域とこれに隣接する関節軟骨及び海綿骨(cancellous or trabecular bone)の健康な部域との間に軟骨形成成長支持基質を確立する、骨の表面上に、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生するための生体吸収軟骨修復システムによって得られることがわかった。このシステムは、除去された部域と隣接する健康な骨の部域との両方に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法を有する生体吸収デリバリーユニットのアセンブリと、このデリバリーユニットにより及びその中で支持され、軟骨形成成長支持基質のための除去された部域とこれに隣接する健康な部域との間の連絡を樹立する多孔質の生体吸収性インサートとを含む。
好適実施形態では、インサートは、軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立することを助けるためにインサート中に取り外し可能な形で配置された修復因子を含む。修復因子は、成長因子であってもよく、好ましくは、線維芽細胞成長因子、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ、インシュリン、インシュリン様成長因子、血小板由来成長因子及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されたものである。或いは、修復因子は、付着因子であってもよく、好ましくは、フィブロネクチン、RGDポリペプチド及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択されたものである。実際には、修復因子は、好ましくは成長因子及び付着因子の両方を含む。
軟骨修復システムは、普通、複数の前述のアセンブリを含み、これは、骨及び除去された部域の内部に配置されているアセンブリのデリバリユニットと、除去された部域の実質的な部分にわたって軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立するアセンブリのインサートとを有する。好ましくは、アセンブリのデリバリユニットは、多角形の形態をしており、互いに嵌め会わされている。
他の好ましい実施形態では、インサートは、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸、コラーゲン、ポリ乳酸、フィブリン凝塊、骨膜細胞、ポリジオキサン、ポリエステル、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された生体吸収基質から実質的に構成され、一方、デリバリユニットは、ヒアルロン酸ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された生体吸収材料を含む。好ましくは、デリバリユニットは、一体として成型され、隣接するインサートの表面への血管の侵入及び細胞の移動をそれを通って可能にするための流路を画定する。
軟骨修復システムは、好ましくは、デリバリユニットとデリバリユニット中のインサートとの相対的な回転を排除する手段を含む。
本発明は、さらに、軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立するために、骨の表面上に取り付けられるように適合された軟骨修復システムを包含し、ここで、このシステムは、骨に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法を有し、支持フレーム及び、骨中にユニットを取り付けるための手段を含む生体吸収デリバリユニットと、軟骨形成成長支持基質をもたらすための支持フレームによって支持された多孔質の生体吸収インサートを含む。
好ましい実施形態では、インサートは、軟骨形成成長支持基質を増強するために、インサート中に取り外し可能に配置された修復因子を含む。さらに、支持フレームは、インサートへの血管の侵入及び細胞の移動を可能にするために構築されている。したがって、支持フレームは、好ましくは、開放した上面と、インサートの底部に対して血管の侵入及び細胞の移動を可能にするためにそこを通る複数の流路を画定している底面と、場合によっては、健康な関節軟骨の部域に隣接するインサートの側面へ細胞の移動を可能にするようにインサートがそこを通って拡張するウィンドウを画定している側壁とを有する。ユニット及びインサートは、アセンブリを画定し、好ましくはシステムは、突き合わせ及び隣接した関係の複数のアセンブリからなる。ユニットは好ましくはインサートよりも堅い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
本発明についての上述の簡単な記述ならびにその特徴及び利点は、例示的なものではあるものの、現在好まれている本発明の実施形態に関する以下の詳細な記述を添付図面と合わせて参照することによって、さらに完全に理解できることと思われる。なお図面中、
図1は、本発明による軟骨修復システムの1対のアセンブリを中に有する、ひざの断片的概略図である。
図2は、軟骨修復システムの1つのアセンブリの分解等角投影図である;
図3は、その上面平面図である;
図4は、その側面立面図である;
図5は、図3のライン5−5に沿って切り取ったその断面図であり、骨の中に挿入された軟骨修復システムを断片的に示している。そして、
図6は、混在的な隣接するアセンブリが断片的に斜線で例示されている状態の、図5のライン6−6に沿って切り取られた断面図である。
好適実施形態の詳細な説明
ここで図面、その図1を参照すると、全体として10という参照番号で表わされている本発明による軟骨修復システムが例示されている。より詳しくは、図1に例示されている軟骨修復システム10は、全体として12という番号で示されている複数のアセンブリから成る(ここでは2つが例示されているが、その所要数は損傷を受けた部域の範囲によって決定されるものと理解すべきである)。各々のアセンブリ12は、それ自体、生体吸収性のデリバリユニット14と多孔質の生体吸収性インサート16から成る。デリバリユニット14は、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨が除去された部域、及び骨の隣接する健康な海綿骨部域の両方の中に取りつけられるような形態及び寸法を有する。多孔質インサート16はデリバリユニット14によりその中に支持され、軟骨形成成長支持基質のため、除去された部域(すなわち、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨が除去された部域)とこれに隣接する健康な部域の間の連絡を樹立し、かくして血管の侵入及び細胞の移動を促進し関節軟骨の再生を達成する。
システム10は図1において、大腿部のひざ関節表面K上で損傷及び破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生するべく使用されるものとして例示されているが、当業者ならば、このシステム10が、肩、腰などといったその他の関節においても同様に有用なものであることは容易に理解できることであろう。骨の表面上の損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の範囲は、システム10が単一のアセンブリ12を用いるか複数のアセンブリ12を用いるかを決定することになる。例示されているアセンブリ12(特にそのデリバリユニット14)は、平面の多角形であり、相互はめ合い状態にある……すなわち、好ましくは並んだ関係で隣接する突合せ接触状態に取りつけられ得るような形で配置されている。アセンブリの外周が多角形であることから、アセンブリ12(全体に図6で例示されている)は相互はめ合い状態となることができ、かくして、骨の指定部域を完全に覆うように複数のアセンブリ12を使用すべきである場合には、この性質が好まれる。しかしながら、単一のアセンブリ12のみが用いられる場合には、円形形態といったようなその他の形態も好まれるであろう。
理論的には、デリバリユニット14及びインサート16の両方の機能を果たす単体のモノブロックの一体型アセンブリ12を単一の製造作業の中で作り出すことが可能であるものの、本発明は、別々の2つの独立して形成された構成要素、すなわちデリバリユニット14及びインサート16を好んで利用する。以下に詳述する通り、インサート16は、比較的広範な異なる材料で作ることができ、軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立する上で助けとなるよう中に取り外し可能な形で配置された修復因子(例えば成長因子又は付着因子)を含むことも可能である。従って、本発明のアセンブリ12が2つの構成要素でできているという性質により、インサート16の基本的組成及びその中の何らかの修復因子組成の両方に関するその時点での患者の特定のニーズを満たすべく、外科手術時点で異なるインサート16の供給物の中からインサート16を選択することが可能となる。ここでも又インサート16(及びその中のあらゆる修復因子)及びそのデリバリユニット14の異なる性質のため、例えば修復因子の適切な保持を提供する目的などで、デリバリユニット14とは異なる環境内で特定のタイプのインサート16を使用前に保管する必要性がでてくるかもしれない。最後に、アセンブリ12のデリバリユニット14及びインサート16は、既知の製造技術を通して一体型のモノブロック単体要素の形で達成することの困難な異なる機能的特性を有していなければならない。従って、以下で論述するとおり、デリバリユニット14は、多大な曲げ又は変形無く骨の中に突き固めできるように充分な強度及び無欠性を有していなければならず、一方インサート16は、好ましくは、デリバリユニット14にきちっと嵌まることが可能で、かくしてデリバリユニット14により位置づけされた軟質形成成長支持基質を提供するように、基質の形をした柔軟な弾力性ある多孔質材料である。
特に図2及び図5を参照すると、デリバリユニット14は、上方のカップ様の支持フレーム22及び下方のT字形の細長い部材23で構成されている。支持フレーム22は、開放した上面を画定する上部リム24、側壁26及び底面部分30を有する。細長い部材23(好ましくは円筒形である)は、底面部分30(好ましくは凹状である)から下向きに延び、半径方向に延びるリブ38、面取りされた平滑底面40及び中を軸方向に延びる(好ましくは直径約1.5mmの)中ぐり42を有する。ディスク又はウェーハ様のインサート16は、上部表面52、側壁54、底部表面56及び、中を軸方向に延びデリバリユニット14内への挿入の後はその中ぐり42と同軸になるような中ぐり58(好ましくは直径約1.5mm)を有する。
デリバリユニット14の支持フレーム22は、その中にインサート16を収容し、支持フレーム22の側壁26はインサート50の側壁54を内部に収容する。インサート16の底部表面56及び支持フレームの底面部分30は、対応して形づくられ、好ましくはインサート16の底部表面が突出部分を画定し、底面部分30の上部表面は突出部収容キャビティを画定し、かくして挿入プロセスの後2つの中ぐり42,58が自動的にかつ精確に同軸的に配置されるようになっている。換言すると、インサート16が支持フレーム22内に固定されている場合、細長い部材23の中の中ぐり42及びインサート16の中の中ぐり58は、垂直に心合せされた隣接した関係にある。
移植片技術の当業者であれば容易に認識できるように、健康な海綿骨部域と除去された損傷軟骨の部分の間でインサート16を介して血管侵入及び細胞移動が行なわれなければならない場合、デリバリユニット14とインサート16の相対的な回転を妨げる手段が具備されなくてはならない。これは、数多くの異なる方法で達成することができる。
第1に、図2−3及び6を見ると最も良くわかるように、インサート16の外周及び支持フレーム22の内周は多角形であっても不規則(すなわち円形でない)であってもよく、ただ1つのユニットとしてのみ回転するように一緒にロックされるような形で互いに突き合わさるような寸法を有していてよい。例えば、図示されている通り、インサート16の六角形の外周は、相対的な回転を妨げるよう支持フレーム22の六角形の内周の中にすべりばめする。
第2に、支持フレーム22の凹状底面部分30の上部表面は、側壁26に隣接して上向きに延びるボス60を構成することができ、一方インサート16の下部表面は、図3及び6を見れば最も良くわかるように、ボス60を収容するような形態及び寸法をもつ上向きに延びるリセス62を構成することができる。ボス60及びリセス62の数ならびにその形状、サイズ及びその位置づけは、インサート16がデリバリユニット14内にあるときボス60はリセス62内にぴったりと収容され、かくしてインサート16が支持フレーム22内にあるかぎりインサート16及びデリバリユニット14が相対的に回転することがないような形で選択される。
第3に、インサート16の側壁54は、その中又はそれを通って半径方向に外向きに延びるフランジ64を構成することができ、支持フレーム22の側壁26は、その中又はそれを通してフランジ64をぴったりと収容するような形態及び寸法を有するウィンドウ66をその中を通して構成することができる。フランジ64及びウィンドウ66の数ならびにそのサイズ、形状及び間隔どりは、インサート16が支持フレーム22内にあるとき、フランジ64がウィンドウ66内へ(そして可能であればその中を通って)ぴったりと延びているかぎりにおいて、インサート16とデリバリユニット14の相対的回転が妨げられるような形で選択される。フランジ64を有するインサート16が、ウィンドウ66を有する支持フレーム22内に容易に挿入され得るようにするためには、好ましくは、インサート16又は少なくともそのフランジ64は、弾性的に可撓性である。フランジ64又はウィンドウ66は同様に、挿入プロセス中にウィンドウ66内にフランジ64を容易にスナップ留めできるようにするため、面とりされた縁部を有していてもよい。
最後の2つの変形形態においては、ボス60の高さ及びリセス62の深さ又はフランジ64及びウィンドウ66の相対的高さは、インサート16の底部表面56がデリバリユニット14の底面部分30の上部表面上に載ることになるように選定される。機械技術の当業者であれば、機械技術分野で周知の異なるさまざまなくさび留めメカニズムを用いてインサート16とデリバリユニット14の相対的回転を妨げることができるということがわかるであろう。しかしながら、本発明において、生体吸収性要素すなわちデリバリユニット14とインサート16は、その製造材料を人体が加水分解するにつれて経時的に消滅することになるということにも留意しなくてはならない。従って、インサート16とデリバリユニット14の相対的回転を妨げるための適切なくさび留め機構の選択は、この考慮事項を念頭において行なわれなくてはならない。説明の目的でさまざまな異なるくさび留め機構が単一の実施形態の中で例示したが、実際には、このような機構を複数使用することもできるものの、特定の実施形態について単一のくさび留め機構で充分である可能性もあるということがわかるであろう。
インサート16が軟骨形成成長支持基質として機能できるようにするためには、このインサートは関節軟骨の欠損を再生するべく血管侵入及び細胞移動にアクセスできなくてはならない。このようなアクセスは、中ぐり58によってインサート16内周上で提供される。インサート16の外周上では、支持フレーム22上のウィンドウ66が隣接する健康な関節軟骨又は隣接する修復アセンブリに対する直接的接触を提供している。これらのウィンドウ66により、インサートに細胞移動が発生し得るようになっている。インサート16の上部表面52全ては、影響を受けた関節の関節性環境に露呈され、インサート16の底部表面56の大部分は、支持フレーム22の底面30を通って軸方向に延びる流路68通して海綿骨に露呈されている。除去された損傷した関節軟骨の部域と健康な海綿状又は小柱状の骨の間の連絡を提供する流路68の数ならびにそのサイズ、形状及び位置づけは、デリバリユニット14の強度に不当に有害なほどの影響を及ぼすことなく望ましいレベルの連絡を提供するように選択される。軸方向に配置された流路68は、当然のことながら細長い部材23から半径方向外向きに配置され、流路68がその中を通って軸方向に延びなくてすむようになっている。
デリバリユニット14は硬く、好ましくは、予想される圧力の下で曲がったり変形したりしない。これは好ましくは一体として成形される。デリバリユニット14が移植体の技術分野では周知のものといった生体吸収性材料で作られていることがきわめて重要である。例えば、これは好ましくはポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸又はそれらの組合せ(例えばその共重合体及び混合物)で作られている。
除去された部域の大部分がアセンブリ12で満たされるように、損傷を受けた関節軟骨の除去された部域の中に複数のデリバリユニット14を隣接して設置することもできる。この場合、デリバリユニット14は好ましくは正多角形であり、突合せ及び隣接した関係で相互にはめ合わさっている。唯一つのデリバリユニットが利用される場合又は、除去された部域の部分的網羅のみが望まれている場合に、円形デリバリユニットを使用することができる。
インサート16は、好ましくは体積あたり少なくとも95%の空隙率で定義付けされる基質又は海綿体の形をした多孔質材料で実質的に作られ、かくしてこれは関節軟骨を再生するため、細胞の侵入のための生物学的足場として役立つ。これは標準的には不織布のフエルト様の感触をもつ。インサート16は、デリバリユニット14内にこれを押し込み、プレスし又はスナップ留めすることが必要である場合に、手で曲げたりたわめたりすることができる。インサート16が実質的に(標準的には少なくとも99重量%)、ヒアルロン酸(例えば繊維基質として)、ポリグリコール酸(例えば繊維基質として)、タイプIのコラーゲンを含むコラーゲン(例えば海綿体基質として)、ポリ乳酸(例えば繊維基質として)、フィブリン凝塊(デリバリユニットへと充填され成形され得るもの)、コラーゲン(ポリグリコール酸基質内へ上張りができるもの)、単離された骨膜細胞、ポリジオキサン、ポリエステル、アルギン酸塩又はそれらの組合せからなる群から選ばれた生体吸収性材料で構成されていることが重要である。ポリ乳酸そしてそれより程度は低いがヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸及びアルギン酸塩は、インサート16の硬度及び寿命(すなわち、その場で移植後の耐用年数)に貢献する。インサートは、その結晶度、ひいてはその硬度及び寿命を修正するべく焼なまし(すなわち熱処理又は蒸煮)を受けることもできる。単離された骨膜細胞をインサート材料内で培養させるか又は外科手術時にインサート材料内に上張りすることも可能である。間葉基幹細胞又は軟骨細胞といったようなその他の細胞タイプをインサート材料に加えることもできる。
その上、本発明の好ましい実施形態では、インサート16は基質内に、医学技術分野において周知の成長因子及び/又は付着因子といったような「修復因子」を含有することができる。例えば、インサート16は、成長因子として、線維芽細胞成長因子(酸性又は塩基性)、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ(1、2、3又は、骨形態発生タンパク質BMPのようなTGF−ベータの超遺伝子ファミリーの1つ)、インシュリン、インシュリン様成長因子1&2、血小板由来成長因子又はそれらの組合せを含有することができる。インサートの中で使用できる付着因子としては、フィブロネクチン、RGDポリペプチド及びそれらの組合わせが含まれる。普通、修復因子は合計でインサート重量の1%未満であるが、因子の特異的活性及び放出速度に応じて最高10%の範囲内であり得る。修復因子は塩基性移植体組成物と化学的に組合わせてもよいし(例えばその重合中に)、すでに形成された塩基性移植体組成物に添加することもできる。前者の場合、塩基性移植体組成物が生体内分解するにつれて付加的な修復因子が典型的に利用可能となる。
ここで図5を参照すると、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の外科的除去の後、細長い部材23(支持フレーム22の凹状底面部分30から下向きに延びる)は、損傷を受けた軟骨部域より下にある軟骨下の骨板72を通して海綿骨74の中に設置される。支持フレーム22は、軟骨下の骨板72によって支持されている。細長い部材23は、骨の軟質の領域である海綿骨74の中へこの部材23を容易に設置できるように、面とりされた平滑な底面40をもつ。細長い円筒形部材23の底面40は、平滑であり,そのため細長い円筒形部材23が海綿骨74の内部に設置された時点で底面40が破損することはない。細長い部材23が軟質の海綿骨74内に設置されると、海綿骨74は、細長い部材23の半径方向に延びるリブ38により移動させられ、その回りに再度形成する。この要領で、細長い部材23ひいては軟骨修復システム10は所定の位置に保持される。
デリバリユニット20が骨の中に設置された時点で、支持フレーム22の上部リム24は、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨76と平面となる。支持フレーム22の上部リム24及びウインドウ66は骨の内部に設置されず、むしろ周囲の関節軟骨に露呈された状態にとどまる。重合体インサート50の上部表面52は関節空間環境に露呈されている。支持フレーム22の側壁26の外表面の上面部分は、除去された軟骨の部域の未端部位に隣接して設置された時点で隣接する支持フレーム22の側壁26の外表面の上面部分(図6参照)又は損傷された周辺関節軟骨76のいずれかと、側面方向に突き合わさる。支持フレーム22の側壁の外表面の底面部分(すなわちウインドウ66より下の部分)は、軟骨下の骨板72上にありこれと側面方向に突き合わさる。
本発明の軟骨修復システムが、除去された損傷した関節軟骨の部域内で、軟骨下の骨板72を通して海綿骨74内へと設置された時点で、支持フレーム22の底面部分30内の流路68は、軟骨形成成長支持基質を介して、健康な海綿骨74と損傷を受けた関節軟骨部域の間の連絡を可能にする。こうして、血管侵入及び細胞移動が可能となり、その結果、関節軟骨が再生される。再生された関節軟骨は、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨と機能的に類似している。本発明の軟骨修復システムは、経時的に生体吸収され、従って軟骨再生中又はその後に外科的に除去する必要はない。吸収率は配合によって制御されその部位特異的利用に応じ、6〜12週間から1年に及び可能性がある。
インサート16の塩基性生体吸収性組成物が経時的に分解又は加水分解するにつれて、その中に含有された如何なる修復因子も、漸進的に部位内に放出され、かくしてさらに細胞の再生を促進する。細胞再生はインサート全体を通して生じる。
「生体吸収性」という語は、この明細書及びクレームにおいては、再生された周囲の関節軟骨が、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨と機能的に類似しているように人体により分解又は吸収されるような材料を表わすものとして用いられている。
要するに、本発明は、関節軟骨を再生するためのシステムであり、再生された関節軟骨は、損傷を受けていない関節軟骨に機能的に類似し、したがって、セメント又は非生体補てつ装置を用いることなく、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を置換するシステムを提供する。
以上で本発明の好ましい実施形態を示し詳述してきたが、当業者にはこれに対するさまざまな修正及び改良が容易に明らかとなることだろう。従って、本発明の精神及び範囲は広範なものであり上述の明細ではなく添付のクレームによってのみ制限されるものとみなされるべきである。
Background of the Invention
The present invention is a bioabsorbable cartilage repair system for regenerating articular cartilage, more specifically, enabling vascular invasion and cell migration between the system and adjacent healthy areas of articular cartilage and cancellous bone. And thus a system that results in regeneration of damaged articular cartilage.
Articular cartilage on the surface of bones in joints, particularly knee and hip joints, is subject to degradation caused by trauma or disease. This deterioration of the cartilage leads to pain and in some cases loss of joint movement and severe pain. As a result, various methods have been developed to treat and repair damaged or destroyed articular cartilage.
Prosthetic devices are often used to replace damaged or destroyed articular cartilage. For example, US Pat. No. 4,627,853 discloses a prosthesis used for articular cartilage replacement. The prosthesis is conditioned by demineralization of the bone segment, and the demineralized bone segment serves as a replacement for the articular cartilage.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,880,429 discloses a prosthetic half-moon implanted in the knee. This prosthetic meniscus acts as a scaffold for regrowth of native meniscal tissue and contains collagen fibers interspersed with glycoaminoglycan molecules.
US Pat. No. 5,176,710 discloses a prosthesis for replacing bone material on an articulating surface of a joint. This prosthesis has a specific elastic modulus to give it rigidity and includes a concave shape suitable for biological ingrowth.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,502,161 replaces the natural meniscus between bone articular surfaces and joints with inserts and extensions for attachment to the bone and a reinforcing fabric or mesh embedded therein. Disclosing half-moons are disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,590 discloses a prosthesis for joint repair or replacement that includes a body portion that includes a backbone and ligament elements to allow tissue ingrowth.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,123,927 discloses a knee prosthesis comprising bone cement containing antibiotics.
Although there are several prosthetic devices that can be used to replace damaged or destroyed articular cartilage, prosthetic devices have several drawbacks. For example, cement used to attach a prosthetic device to bone can loosen and possibly break. In addition, fragmented cement can migrate into the joint and its associated lymphoid tissue, causing inflammation and further damage. Furthermore, the cement results in the formation of fibrous tissue between the bone and the prosthesis. Another major drawback associated with the use of a prosthesis is that the prosthetic device is larger than the damaged cartilage that requires replacement, and that the portion of healthy bone and / or cartilage to accommodate the prosthetic device is The removal may be necessary. Thus, there is still a need for a system for repairing and regenerating articular cartilage that avoids the problems associated with prosthetic devices.
Another means of treating damaged articular cartilage is to place a repair component on the bone that replaces the cartilage strip. For example, US Pat. No. 5,067,964 discloses an articular cartilage repair component that includes a layer of nonwoven felt-like fibrous material that can be easily conformed to a pliable, flat surface and a curved surface. . The articular cartilage repair component is attached to the bone by, for example, a bioabsorbable screw or pin or similar temporary fixation technique. Fibrous tissue ingrowth optionally surrounds the repair part, thus permanently attaching the repair part to the bone. While US Pat. No. 5,067,964 discloses an alternative method for repairing damaged articular cartilage, it completely discloses a means or method for regenerating damaged or destroyed articular cartilage. Not done. For this reason, there remains a need for a system that aims to regenerate damaged or destroyed articular cartilage, where the regenerated articular cartilage is functionally similar to undamaged articular cartilage. It remains.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a system for regenerating articular cartilage.
Another object is a system for regenerating articular cartilage in which the regenerated articular cartilage is functionally superior to fibrous or fibrocartilaginous repair and is functionally similar to undamaged articular cartilage. Is to provide.
Yet another object is to provide a cartilage repair system used for the regeneration of damaged or destroyed articular cartilage.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an embodiment of a cartilage repair system using cement or a non-bioabsorbable prosthetic device.
Summary of invention
The above and related objects of the present invention are to provide chondrogenic growth between a removed damaged or destroyed area and a healthy area of adjacent articular cartilage and cancellous or trabecular bone. It was found to be obtained by a bioabsorbable cartilage repair system for regenerating damaged or destroyed articular cartilage on the surface of bone establishing a support matrix. The system includes a bioabsorbable delivery unit assembly having a configuration and dimensions such that it is attached to both the removed area and the adjacent healthy bone area, and is supported by and within the delivery unit, A porous bioabsorbable insert that establishes communication between the removed area for the chondrogenic growth support matrix and the adjacent healthy area.
In a preferred embodiment, the insert includes a repair factor that is removably disposed in the insert to help establish a chondrogenic growth support matrix. The repair factor may be a growth factor, preferably selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, platelet derived growth factor and combinations thereof It is. Alternatively, the repair factor may be an attachment factor, preferably one selected from the group consisting of fibronectin, RGD polypeptide and combinations thereof. In practice, the repair factor preferably includes both a growth factor and an adhesion factor.
A cartilage repair system typically includes a plurality of the aforementioned assemblies, which includes a bone and a delivery unit of the assembly disposed within the removed area and a cartilage over a substantial portion of the removed area. And an assembly insert for establishing a growth support substrate. Preferably, the delivery units of the assembly are in the form of polygons and are fitted together.
In another preferred embodiment, the insert is a bioabsorbable substrate selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polylactic acid, fibrin clot, periosteum cells, polydioxane, polyester, alginate and combinations thereof. While the delivery unit comprises a bioabsorbable material selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, alginate and combinations thereof. Preferably, the delivery unit is molded in one piece and defines a flow path through which blood vessel entry and cell migration through the surface of the adjacent insert can be made.
The cartilage repair system preferably includes means for eliminating relative rotation of the delivery unit and the insert in the delivery unit.
The present invention further includes a cartilage repair system adapted to be mounted on the surface of bone to establish a chondrogenic growth support matrix, wherein the system is configured to be attached to bone And a bioabsorbable delivery unit having a size and a support frame and means for mounting the unit in the bone, and a porous bioabsorbable insert supported by the support frame for providing a chondrogenic growth support matrix .
In a preferred embodiment, the insert includes a repair factor removably disposed within the insert to enhance the chondrogenic growth support matrix. In addition, the support frame is constructed to allow blood vessel entry and cell migration into the insert. Thus, the support frame preferably has an open top surface and a bottom surface that defines a plurality of channels therethrough to allow blood vessel entry and cell movement relative to the bottom of the insert, and optionally. Has a sidewall defining a window through which the insert extends to allow movement of cells to the side of the insert adjacent to a region of healthy articular cartilage. The unit and insert define an assembly, and preferably the system consists of multiple assemblies in butted and adjacent relationship. The unit is preferably stiffer than the insert.
[Brief description of the drawings]
While the foregoing brief description of the invention and its features and advantages are exemplary, reference should now be made to the following detailed description of the currently preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It seems that it can be understood more completely. In the drawing,
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic view of a knee having a pair of assemblies of a cartilage repair system according to the present invention therein.
FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of one assembly of a cartilage repair system;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view thereof;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation view thereof;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 3, showing a fragmentary view of the cartilage repair system inserted into the bone. And
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5 with a mixed adjacent assembly illustrated in fragmentary diagonal lines.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Referring now to the drawings and FIG. 1, there is illustrated a cartilage repair system according to the present invention, generally designated by the reference numeral 10. More particularly, the cartilage repair system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 consists of a plurality of assemblies generally designated 12 (here two are illustrated, but the required number is damaged). It should be understood that it is determined by the scope of the specific area). Each assembly 12 itself comprises a bioabsorbable delivery unit 14 and a porous bioabsorbable insert 16. Delivery unit 14 is configured and dimensioned to be installed in both the area where the damaged or broken articular cartilage has been removed and the healthy cancellous bone area adjacent to the bone. The porous insert 16 is supported therein by the delivery unit 14 and, due to the chondrogenic growth support matrix, is adjacent to the removed area (ie, the area from which damaged or destroyed articular cartilage has been removed) and adjacent thereto. Establishing communication between healthy areas, thus promoting vascular invasion and cell migration and achieving articular cartilage regeneration.
Although the system 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1 as being used to regenerate damaged and destroyed articular cartilage on the knee joint surface K of the femur, those skilled in the art will recognize that the system 10 is It will be readily appreciated that other joints such as shoulders, hips, etc. are equally useful. The extent of articular cartilage that has been damaged or destroyed on the surface of the bone will determine whether the system 10 uses a single assembly 12 or multiple assemblies 12. The illustrated assembly 12 (especially its delivery unit 14) is a planar polygon and is in a mating state, i.e., such that it can be attached to an adjacent butt contact, preferably in side-by-side relationship. Is arranged in. Because the outer periphery of the assembly is polygonal, the assembly 12 (generally illustrated in FIG. 6) can be mated to each other, thus a plurality of bones so as to completely cover the designated area of the bone. This property is preferred when the assembly 12 is to be used. However, if only a single assembly 12 is used, other forms such as a circular form may be preferred.
Theoretically, although it is possible to create a single monoblock monolithic assembly 12 that functions as both a delivery unit 14 and an insert 16 in a single manufacturing operation, the present invention Two independently formed components are preferred, namely the delivery unit 14 and the insert 16. As described in detail below, the insert 16 can be made of a relatively wide variety of different materials and has a repair factor (removably disposed in it) to assist in establishing a chondrogenic growth support matrix. For example, a growth factor or an adhesion factor) can be included. Thus, due to the nature of the assembly 12 of the present invention being made of two components, to meet the patient's specific needs at that time regarding both the basic composition of the insert 16 and any repair factor composition therein, It is possible to select an insert 16 from among different supplies of insert 16 at the time of surgery. Again, because of the different nature of the insert 16 (and any repair factor therein) and its delivery unit 14, it may be necessary to have a specific environment in a different environment from the delivery unit 14, eg, to provide proper retention of the repair factor. There may be a need to store the type of insert 16 prior to use. Finally, the delivery unit 14 and insert 16 of the assembly 12 must have different functional properties that are difficult to achieve in the form of a monolithic monoblock element through known manufacturing techniques. Accordingly, as discussed below, the delivery unit 14 must have sufficient strength and integrity so that it can be tamped into the bone without significant bending or deformation, while the insert 16 is preferably A flexible, resilient porous material in the form of a substrate that can fit snugly into the delivery unit 14 and thus provide a soft-forming growth support substrate positioned by the delivery unit 14.
With particular reference to FIGS. 2 and 5, the delivery unit 14 is comprised of an upper cup-like support frame 22 and a lower T-shaped elongated member 23. The support frame 22 has an upper rim 24, a side wall 26 and a bottom portion 30 that define an open top surface. An elongate member 23 (preferably cylindrical) extends downwardly from the bottom portion 30 (preferably concave) and extends radially inwardly with ribs 38 extending radially, chamfered smooth bottom 40 and axially (preferably. Has a bore 42 (about 1.5 mm in diameter). The disc or wafer-like insert 16 has a top surface 52, a side wall 54, a bottom surface 56 and a bore 58 that extends axially therethrough and is coaxial with its bore 42 after insertion into the delivery unit 14. (Preferably about 1.5 mm in diameter).
The support frame 22 of the delivery unit 14 houses the insert 16 therein, and the side wall 26 of the support frame 22 houses the side wall 54 of the insert 50 therein. The bottom surface 56 of the insert 16 and the bottom portion 30 of the support frame are correspondingly shaped, preferably the bottom surface of the insert 16 defines a protruding portion, and the top surface of the bottom portion 30 defines a protruding receiving cavity; Thus, after the insertion process, the two bores 42, 58 are arranged automatically and precisely coaxially. In other words, when the insert 16 is secured within the support frame 22, the boring 42 in the elongated member 23 and the boring 58 in the insert 16 are in a vertically aligned adjacent relationship.
As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art of graft technology, vascular invasion and cell migration must occur between the healthy cancellous bone area and the removed damaged cartilage portion via the insert 16. Means must be provided to prevent relative rotation of the delivery unit 14 and the insert 16. This can be accomplished in a number of different ways.
First, as best seen in FIGS. 2-3 and 6, the outer periphery of the insert 16 and the inner periphery of the support frame 22 may be polygonal or irregular (ie not circular), It may have dimensions that butt against each other in such a way that they are locked together so that they rotate only as one unit. For example, as shown, the hexagonal outer periphery of the insert 16 fits within the hexagonal inner periphery of the support frame 22 to prevent relative rotation.
Second, the upper surface of the concave bottom portion 30 of the support frame 22 can constitute an upwardly extending boss 60 adjacent to the side wall 26, while the lower surface of the insert 16 can be seen in FIGS. As best seen, an upwardly extending recess 62 can be configured having a shape and dimensions to accommodate the boss 60. The number of bosses 60 and recesses 62 as well as their shape, size, and positioning are such that when the insert 16 is in the delivery unit 14, the boss 60 is snugly received in the recess 62 and thus the insert 16 is in the support frame 22. The insert 16 and the delivery unit 14 are selected such that they do not rotate relatively.
Third, the side wall 54 of the insert 16 may constitute a flange 64 extending radially outwardly therethrough, and the side wall 26 of the support frame 22 includes a flange 64 therein or therethrough. A window 66 may be configured therethrough that has a shape and dimensions that fit snugly. The number of flanges 64 and windows 66 and their size, shape, and spacing will allow the flanges 64 to extend snugly into (and possibly through) the windows 66 when the insert 16 is in the support frame 22. As long as the insert 16 and the delivery unit 14 are prevented from rotating relative to each other. In order for the insert 16 with the flange 64 to be easily inserted into the support frame 22 with the window 66, preferably the insert 16 or at least its flange 64 is elastically flexible. The flange 64 or window 66 may also have chamfered edges to allow the flange 64 to be easily snapped into the window 66 during the insertion process.
In the last two variants, the height of the boss 60 and the depth of the recess 62 or the relative height of the flange 64 and the window 66 is such that the bottom surface 56 of the insert 16 is the top surface of the bottom portion 30 of the delivery unit 14. Selected to be on top. Those skilled in the mechanical arts will appreciate that a variety of different wedge mechanisms known in the mechanical art can be used to prevent relative rotation of the insert 16 and the delivery unit 14. However, it should also be noted that in the present invention, the bioabsorbable element or delivery unit 14 and insert 16 will disappear over time as the human body hydrolyzes the material produced. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate wedge mechanism to prevent relative rotation of the insert 16 and delivery unit 14 must be made with this consideration in mind. While various different wedge mechanisms have been illustrated in a single embodiment for purposes of illustration, in practice, multiple such mechanisms can be used, but a single wedge mechanism for a particular embodiment. It will be appreciated that the mechanism may be sufficient.
In order for insert 16 to function as a chondrogenic growth support matrix, the insert must have access to vascular invasion and cell migration to regenerate articular cartilage defects. Such access is provided on the inner circumference of the insert 16 by the bore 58. On the outer periphery of the insert 16, a window 66 on the support frame 22 provides direct contact to the adjacent healthy articular cartilage or adjacent repair assembly. These windows 66 allow cell migration to occur in the insert. All of the top surface 52 of the insert 16 is exposed to the articulating environment of the affected joint, with the majority of the bottom surface 56 of the insert 16 passing through a flow path 68 that extends axially through the bottom surface 30 of the support frame 22. Exposed to cancellous bone. The number of channels 68 that provide communication between the area of damaged articular cartilage removed and healthy cancellous or trabecular bone and its size, shape and positioning are unduly detrimental to the strength of the delivery unit 14 It is selected to provide the desired level of contact without much impact. The axially disposed flow path 68 is, of course, disposed radially outward from the elongated member 23 so that the flow path 68 does not have to extend axially therethrough.
Delivery unit 14 is rigid and preferably does not bend or deform under the expected pressure. This is preferably molded in one piece. It is very important that the delivery unit 14 is made of a bioabsorbable material such as those well known in the art of implants. For example, it is preferably made of polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid or combinations thereof (eg copolymers and mixtures thereof).
Multiple delivery units 14 can also be placed adjacent to the removed area of damaged articular cartilage so that the majority of the removed area is filled with the assembly 12. In this case, the delivery units 14 are preferably regular polygons and are fitted together in abutting and adjacent relationship. Circular delivery units can be used when only one delivery unit is utilized or when only partial coverage of the removed area is desired.
The insert 16 is substantially made of a porous material in the form of a matrix or cavernous body, preferably defined with a porosity of at least 95% per volume, thus regenerating articular cartilage and thus invading the cells. Serving as a biological scaffold for. This typically has a felt-like feel on the nonwoven fabric. The insert 16 can be bent or deflected by hand when it is necessary to push it into the delivery unit 14 and press or snap it. Insert 16 is substantially (typically at least 99% by weight), hyaluronic acid (eg as a fiber matrix), polyglycolic acid (eg as a fiber matrix), collagen containing type I collagen (eg as a corpus cavernosum) , Polylactic acid (eg as a fiber matrix), fibrin clot (which can be filled into a delivery unit and molded), collagen (which can be overlaid into a polyglycolic acid matrix), isolated periosteal cells, polydioxane It is important to be composed of a bioabsorbable material selected from the group consisting of polyester, alginate, or combinations thereof. Polylactic acid and, to a lesser extent, hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic acid and alginate contribute to the hardness and life of the insert 16 (ie, the service life after implantation in situ). The insert can also be annealed (ie heat treated or cooked) to modify its crystallinity and thus its hardness and life. Isolated periosteal cells can be cultured in the insert material or can be overlaid in the insert material during surgery. Other cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells or chondrocytes can also be added to the insert material.
Moreover, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insert 16 may contain “repair factors” such as growth factors and / or adhesion factors well known in the medical art within the substrate. For example, insert 16 can be used as a growth factor such as fibroblast growth factor (acidic or basic), transforming growth factor beta (1, 2, 3 or a supergene family of TGF-beta such as bone morphogenetic protein BMP. 1), insulin, insulin-like growth factors 1 & 2, platelet-derived growth factor or combinations thereof. Adhesive factors that can be used in the insert include fibronectin, RGD polypeptides, and combinations thereof. Usually, the repair factors total less than 1% of the insert weight, but can be in the range of up to 10% depending on the specific activity and release rate of the factor. The repair agent may be chemically combined with the basic implant composition (eg, during its polymerization) or added to the already formed basic implant composition. In the former case, additional repair factors are typically available as the basic implant composition degrades in vivo.
Referring now to FIG. 5, after surgical removal of damaged or broken articular cartilage, the elongate member 23 (extending downward from the concave bottom portion 30 of the support frame 22) is less than the damaged cartilage area. It is placed into the cancellous bone 74 through the underlying subchondral bone plate 72. The support frame 22 is supported by a bone plate 72 under the cartilage. The elongated member 23 has a smooth bottom surface 40 that is chamfered so that the member 23 can be easily placed into the cancellous bone 74, which is a soft region of bone. The bottom surface 40 of the elongated cylindrical member 23 is smooth, so that the bottom surface 40 is not damaged when the elongated cylindrical member 23 is installed inside the cancellous bone 74. When the elongate member 23 is placed within the soft cancellous bone 74, the cancellous bone 74 is moved by the radially extending ribs 38 of the elongate member 23 and re-forms thereabout. In this manner, the elongate member 23 and thus the cartilage repair system 10 is held in place.
When the delivery unit 20 is placed in the bone, the upper rim 24 of the support frame 22 is flat with the undamaged articular cartilage 76. The upper rim 24 and window 66 of the support frame 22 are not placed inside the bone, but rather remain exposed to the surrounding articular cartilage. The upper surface 52 of the polymer insert 50 is exposed to the joint space environment. When the upper surface portion of the outer surface of the side wall 26 of the support frame 22 is installed adjacent to the unend portion of the removed cartilage region, the upper surface portion of the outer surface of the side wall 26 of the adjacent support frame 22 (see FIG. 6) or the damaged peripheral articular cartilage 76 in a lateral direction. The bottom surface portion of the outer surface of the side wall of the support frame 22 (that is, the portion below the window 66) is on the bone plate 72 under the cartilage and abuts it laterally.
When the cartilage repair system of the present invention is placed into the cancellous bone 74 through the subchondral bone plate 72 in the area of the removed damaged articular cartilage, the flow path in the bottom portion 30 of the support frame 22 68 allows communication between healthy cancellous bone 74 and the damaged articular cartilage area via a chondrogenic growth support matrix. In this way, blood vessel invasion and cell migration are possible, and as a result, articular cartilage is regenerated. Regenerated articular cartilage is functionally similar to undamaged articular cartilage. The cartilage repair system of the present invention is bioabsorbed over time and therefore does not need to be removed surgically during or after cartilage regeneration. Absorption rates are controlled by formulation and can range from 6-12 weeks to a year, depending on their site-specific use.
As the basic bioabsorbable composition of insert 16 degrades or hydrolyzes over time, any repair factor contained therein is gradually released into the site, thus further promoting cell regeneration. Cell regeneration occurs throughout the insert.
The term “bioabsorbable” is used in this specification and claims to mean that the regenerated surrounding articular cartilage is degraded or absorbed by the human body such that it is functionally similar to undamaged articular cartilage. It is used to represent such materials.
In short, the present invention is a system for regenerating articular cartilage, where the regenerated articular cartilage is functionally similar to undamaged articular cartilage and thus uses cement or non-biological prosthetic devices. A system for replacing damaged or destroyed articular cartilage is provided.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described above, various modifications and improvements thereto will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the present invention should be considered broad and limited only by the appended claims rather than the foregoing specification.

Claims (23)

除去された、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び軟骨下の海綿骨の部域との間に軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立することによって、骨の連結表面に、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生する生体吸収軟骨修復ユニットであって、当該軟骨修復ユニットは、
A 滑膜性連結液の吸収による実質的な拡張に対して寸法的に安定な実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、除去された損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び軟骨下の海綿骨の部域との両方に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法をしたデリバリユニットと;
B 前記デリバリユニットにより支持され、実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、軟骨形成成長支持基質のために、前記除去された部域とこれに隣接する健康な部域との間の連絡を樹立するために体積当たり少なくとも95容量%の空隙率で定義付けされた多孔質インサートと;
のアセンブリを含み、前記デリバリユニットは、隣接する前記インサートの表面への血管の侵入及び細胞の移動をそれを通って可能にする流路を画定する、当該軟骨修復ユニット。
By establishing a chondrogenic growth support matrix between the removed damaged or destroyed articular cartilage area and the adjacent healthy articular cartilage and subchondral cancellous bone area, A bioabsorbable cartilage repair unit that regenerates damaged or broken articular cartilage on a connecting surface, the cartilage repair unit comprising:
A consisting of a substantially completely bioabsorbable material that is dimensionally stable to substantial expansion by absorption of synovial connective fluid and adjacent to the area of articular cartilage that has been removed or damaged A delivery unit configured and dimensioned to be attached to both the healthy articular cartilage and the subchondral cancellous bone area;
B supported by the delivery unit, consisting of substantially complete bioabsorbable material, for establishing a communication between the removed area and the adjacent healthy area for the chondrogenic growth support matrix A porous insert defined with a porosity of at least 95% by volume to volume;
The cartilage repair unit, wherein the delivery unit defines a flow path through which blood vessels can invade and move cells to the surface of the adjacent insert.
前記インサートは、前記軟骨形成性成長支持基質を樹立することを助けるために、該インサートに取り外し可能に配置された修復因子を含む請求項1に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 1, wherein the insert includes a repair factor removably disposed on the insert to assist in establishing the chondrogenic growth support matrix. 前記修復因子は成長因子である請求項2に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 2, wherein the repair factor is a growth factor. 前記成長因子は、線維芽細胞成長因子、トランスフォーミング増殖因子ベータ、インシュリン、インシュリン様成長因子、血小板由来成長因子及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項3に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 3, wherein the growth factor is selected from the group consisting of fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, insulin, insulin-like growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and combinations thereof. 前記修復因子は、付着因子である請求項2に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 2, wherein the repair factor is an adhesion factor. 前記付着因子は、フィブロネクチン、RGDポリペプチド及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項5に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 5, wherein the adhesion factor is selected from the group consisting of fibronectin, RGD polypeptide, and combinations thereof. 除去された、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び軟骨下の海綿骨の部域との間に軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立することによって、骨の連結表面に、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生する生体吸収軟骨修復ユニットであって、当該軟骨修復ユニットは、
A 滑膜性連結液の吸収による実質的な拡張に対して寸法的に安定な実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、除去された損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び軟骨下の海綿骨の部域との両方に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法をしたデリバリユニットと;
B 前記デリバリユニットにより支持され、実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、軟骨形成成長支持基質のために、前記除去された部域とこれに隣接する健康な部域との間の連絡を樹立する多孔質インサートと;
のアセンブリを含み、前記軟骨修復ユニットは、複数のアセンブリを含み、該アセンブリの前記デリバリユニットは、前記骨及び前記除去された部域の内部に配置され、該アセンブリの前記インサートは、前記除去された部域の実質的な部分に前記軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立しており、前記デリバリユニットは、隣接する前記インサートの表面への血管の侵入及び細胞の移動をそれを通って可能にする流路を画定する、当該軟骨修復ユニット。
By establishing a chondrogenic growth support matrix between the removed damaged or destroyed articular cartilage area and the adjacent healthy articular cartilage and subchondral cancellous bone area, A bioabsorbable cartilage repair unit that regenerates damaged or broken articular cartilage on a connecting surface, the cartilage repair unit comprising:
A consisting of a substantially completely bioabsorbable material that is dimensionally stable to substantial expansion by absorption of synovial connective fluid and adjacent to the area of articular cartilage that has been removed or damaged A delivery unit configured and dimensioned to be attached to both the healthy articular cartilage and the subchondral cancellous bone area;
B supported by the delivery unit, consisting of substantially complete bioabsorbable material, for establishing a communication between the removed area and the adjacent healthy area for the chondrogenic growth support matrix A porous insert that;
The cartilage repair unit includes a plurality of assemblies, wherein the delivery unit of the assembly is disposed within the bone and the removed area, and the insert of the assembly is removed. The chondrogenic growth support matrix is established in a substantial portion of the area where the delivery unit allows blood flow and cell migration through the surface of the adjacent insert. The cartilage repair unit defining a tract;
前記インサートは、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸、コラーゲン、ポリ乳酸、フィブリン凝塊、骨膜細胞、ポリジオキサン、ポリエステル、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された生体吸収材料から実質的になる請求項1に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The insert consists essentially of a bioabsorbable material selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polylactic acid, fibrin clot, periosteum cells, polydioxane, polyester, alginate and combinations thereof. Item 5. The cartilage repair unit according to Item 1. 前記デリバリユニットは、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された生体吸収材料を含む請求項1に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 1, wherein the delivery unit includes a bioabsorbable material selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, alginate, and combinations thereof. 前記アセンブリは、前記デリバリユニットと前記デリバリユニット中の前記インサートとの相対回転を排除する手段を含む請求項1に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 1, wherein the assembly includes means for eliminating relative rotation of the delivery unit and the insert in the delivery unit. 複数のアセンブリを含み、このアセンブリの前記デリバリユニットは、骨の健康な部域及び前記除去された部域の内部に取り付けられ、前記アセンブリの前記インサートは、前記除去された部域の実質的な部分に前記軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立し、前記アセンブリの前記デリバリユニットは多角形の形態をし、嵌め合わされている請求項10に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。Including a plurality of assemblies, wherein the delivery unit of the assembly is mounted within a bone healthy area and within the removed area, and the insert of the assembly is substantially disposed of the removed area. 11. A cartilage repair unit according to claim 10 , wherein the chondrogenic growth support matrix is established in a part, and the delivery unit of the assembly is in the form of a polygon and is fitted together. 前記インサートは、ヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸、コラーゲン、ポリ乳酸、フィブリン凝塊、骨膜細胞、ポリジオキサン、ポリエステル、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され、前記デリバリユニットはヒアルロン酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリ乳酸、アルギン酸塩及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択された生体吸収材料を含む請求項10に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The insert is selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polylactic acid, fibrin clot, periosteum cell, polydioxane, polyester, alginate and combinations thereof, and the delivery unit is hyaluronic acid, polyglycol The cartilage repair unit according to claim 10 , comprising a bioabsorbable material selected from the group consisting of acids, polylactic acid, alginate and combinations thereof. 軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立するために骨の表面に取り付けられるように適合された軟骨修復ユニットであって、滑膜性連結液中で寸法的に安定である実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、骨上に及び骨の内部に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法を有するデリバリユニットであって、支持フレーム並びに骨に及び骨の内部に前記デリバリユニットを取り付ける手段を含むデリバリユニットと、実質的に完全な生体吸収物質からなり、体積当たり少なくとも95容量%の空隙率で定義付けされ、前記支持フレームに支持されて軟骨形成成長支持基質をもたらす多孔質のインサートとを含み、前記デリバリユニットは、隣接する前記インサートの表面への血管の侵入及び細胞の移動をそれを通って可能にする流路を画定する、当該軟骨修復ユニット。A cartilage repair unit adapted to be attached to the surface of bone to establish a chondrogenic growth support matrix, from a substantially complete bioabsorbable material that is dimensionally stable in synovial connective fluid A delivery unit having a form and size adapted to be mounted on and within a bone, comprising a support frame and means for attaching said delivery unit to and within the bone; A porous insert composed of a complete bioabsorbable material, defined with a porosity of at least 95% by volume per volume, and supported by the support frame to provide a chondrogenic growth support matrix, wherein the delivery unit is adjacent The cartilage repair unit defining a flow path through which blood vessels can penetrate and migrate through the surface of the insert. Tsu door. 前記インサートは、前記軟骨形成成長支持基質をもたらすことを助けるために、前記インサートに取り外し可能に配置された修復因子を含む請求項13に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。14. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 13 , wherein the insert includes a repair factor removably disposed on the insert to assist in providing the chondrogenic growth support matrix. 前記支持フレームは、前記インサートへの血管の侵入及び細胞の移動を可能にするように構築されている請求項13に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。14. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 13 , wherein the support frame is constructed to allow blood vessel entry and cell migration into the insert. 前記支持フレームは、前記インサートの底面への血管侵入及び細胞移動がそこを通って可能となる複数の流路を画定する開放された上面及び底面を有する請求項15に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。 16. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 15 , wherein the support frame has open top and bottom surfaces that define a plurality of channels through which blood vessel entry and cell migration into the bottom surface of the insert are allowed. 前記インサートは側部を有し、前記支持フレームは、関節軟骨の健康な部域に隣接した前記インサートの側部に向かって細胞移動が可能となるように前記インサートがそこを通って拡張するウィンドウを画定する側壁を有する請求項16に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The insert has a side, and the support frame is a window through which the insert extends to allow cell migration toward the side of the insert adjacent to a healthy area of articular cartilage. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 16 , comprising side walls defining 前記デリバリユニット及び前記インサートは、アセンブリを画定し、前記軟骨修復ユニットは、突き合わせ及び隣接した関係で互いに嵌め合わされる複数の該アセンブリからなる請求項13に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。14. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 13 , wherein the delivery unit and the insert define an assembly, the cartilage repair unit comprising a plurality of the assemblies mated together in abutting and adjacent relationship. 前記デリバリユニットは、前記インサートよりも堅い請求項13に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The cartilage repair unit according to claim 13 , wherein the delivery unit is stiffer than the insert. さらに、前記デリバリユニット及び前記インサートの相対的な回転を排除する手段を含む請求項13に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。14. The cartilage repair unit according to claim 13 , further comprising means for eliminating relative rotation of the delivery unit and the insert. 除去された、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び海綿骨の部域との間に軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立することによって、骨の表面に、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生する生体吸収軟骨修復ユニットであって、当該軟骨修復ユニットは、
A 除去された、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する関節軟骨及び海綿骨の部域との両方に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法をしたデリバリユニットと;
B 前記デリバリユニットにより支持され、軟骨形成支持基質のために、前記除去された部域とこれに隣接する健康な部域との間の連絡を樹立する多孔質の生体吸収インサートと;
を含み、前記デリバリユニットは、開放された上面、底面並びに該上面及び底面を連結する側壁を有し、前記底面は、前記インサートの底面を介する血管の侵入及び細胞の移動がそこを通って可能となる複数の流路を画定し、前記側壁は、健康な軟骨関節に隣接する前記インサートの側面への細胞の移動を可能にするためにインサートが拡張するウィンドウを画定する生体吸収軟骨修復ユニット。
By establishing a chondrogenic growth support matrix between the removed damaged or destroyed articular cartilage area and the adjacent healthy articular cartilage and cancellous bone area, A bioabsorbable cartilage repair unit that regenerates damaged or destroyed articular cartilage, the cartilage repair unit comprising:
A delivery unit configured and dimensioned to be attached to both the removed and damaged articular cartilage area and the adjacent articular cartilage and cancellous bone area;
B a porous bioabsorbable insert supported by the delivery unit and for establishing a communication between the removed area and a healthy area adjacent thereto for the chondrogenic support matrix;
The delivery unit has an open top surface, a bottom surface and a side wall connecting the top surface and the bottom surface, the bottom surface allowing blood vessel invasion and cell movement through the bottom surface of the insert. A bioabsorbable cartilage repair unit that defines a plurality of channels, wherein the sidewall defines a window through which the insert expands to allow cell migration to the side of the insert adjacent to a healthy cartilage joint.
除去された、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨の部域とこれに隣接する健康な関節軟骨及び軟骨下の海綿骨の部域との間に軟骨形成成長支持基質を樹立することによって、骨の連結表面に、損傷又は破壊を受けた関節軟骨を再生する生体吸収軟骨修復ユニットであって、当該軟骨修復ユニットは、
A 軟骨形成成長支持基質のために、前記除去された部域とこれに隣接する健康な部域との間の連絡を樹立するための体積あたり少なくとも95%の空隙率で定義される多孔質の生体吸収インサートと;
B 除去された部域及びこれに隣接する健康な部域に取り付けられるような形態及び寸法を有するデリバリユニットであって、除去された部域中であり、隣接する健康な部域に包囲された前記インサートを配置する手段を含む該デリバリユニットと;
のアセンブリを含み、前記デリバリユニットは、隣接する前記インサートの表面への血管の侵入及び細胞の移動をそれを通って可能にする流路を画定する、当該軟骨修復ユニット。
By establishing a chondrogenic growth support matrix between the removed damaged or destroyed articular cartilage area and the adjacent healthy articular cartilage and subchondral cancellous bone area, A bioabsorbable cartilage repair unit that regenerates damaged or broken articular cartilage on a connecting surface, the cartilage repair unit comprising:
A for the chondrogenic growth support matrix, a porous material defined with a porosity of at least 95% per volume to establish communication between said removed area and a healthy area adjacent thereto A bioabsorbable insert;
B A delivery unit having a shape and dimensions such that it is attached to a removed area and a healthy area adjacent thereto, and is in the removed area and surrounded by the adjacent healthy area The delivery unit comprising means for positioning the insert;
The cartilage repair unit, wherein the delivery unit defines a flow path through which blood vessels can invade and move cells to the surface of the adjacent insert.
前記インサートは、前記軟骨形成性成長支持基質を樹立することを助けるために、該インサートに取り外し可能に配置された修復因子を含み、該修復因子は、成長因子、付着因子及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される請求項10に記載の軟骨修復ユニット。The insert includes a repair factor removably disposed on the insert to assist in establishing the chondrogenic growth support matrix, the repair factor comprising a growth factor, an attachment factor, and combinations thereof The cartilage repair unit according to claim 10 selected from the group.
JP51766297A 1996-01-16 1996-01-16 Cartilage repair unit Expired - Fee Related JP3690528B2 (en)

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