JP3688740B2 - Communication disruptor - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a communication disrupting material for controlling pests, and more particularly to a communication disrupting material for adopting a novel method completely different from the conventional communication disrupting method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The method for controlling pests using pheromones has little effect on other animals such as beneficial animals and humans, which are natural enemies, compared to conventional insecticide sprays, and also has no residual toxicity to crops. In the case of insecticides, pests with resistance may appear due to repeated use, and the insecticidal ability may decrease, but when pheromones are used, pests with such resistance should appear. It is a very safe and useful method.
[0003]
Under such circumstances, pheromone components of various pests have been actively studied, and many pheromone components have been separated and identified from natural products in recent years.
[0004]
In addition, as a shape for controlling, a pheromone component has been proposed in which a microcapsule is filled with a pheromone component or a holding carrier such as gum arabic or dextrin is impregnated with and encapsulated. It is designed to disturb the communication between males and females by gradually evaporating water into the atmosphere. Communication disruptors using such pheromones are partly put into practical use in the control of tea pests.
[0005]
The above-mentioned control method using the communication disrupting material is to prevent the adult male insect from perceiving the location of the female adult, by volatilizing the same substance as the pheromone component released by the female adult in advance in the area to be controlled. By volatilizing and releasing one component that constitutes a large amount, the component ratio of pheromones released by adult females is apparently changed, thereby reducing the chances of mating between females and males. .
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional communication disruption method, it is necessary to install many pheromone preparations (communication disruption materials) to float a high concentration of pheromone throughout the active area of the pest to be controlled. Is required. In particular, when controlling pests at relatively high places, or pest control on target plants arranged in a row such as roadside trees, it is difficult to maintain the pheromone in a high concentration atmosphere, and the high cost cannot be avoided. Is.
[0007]
As described above, the communication disruption methods that have been used in the past limit the area of use, which increases costs and labor, so communication for implementing a new method that solves these problems is necessary. Development of disturbing materials is desired.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have repeatedly studied a new communication disruption method, and as a result of the conventional communication disruption method, a method of creating a pheromone atmosphere in the control area by volatilizing and releasing pheromone components from the communication disruption material. Instead, the adult male that attracts and contacts the communication disruptor is attached with a pheromone to disguise the female, and the female insect is deprived of the opportunity of mating of the pest itself. As a result of the flight, communication disturbance with the surrounding male adults occurred, and secondary communication disturbance action also occurred, and the present invention was completed.
[0009]
That is, the communication disrupting material of the present invention is a communication disrupting material comprising a covering material and an encapsulated pheromone component, and the encapsulated pheromone component is in a state that can be transferred to a pest that contacts the communication disturbing material. The pheromone component exuded on the surface of the enveloping material forms an ultrathin layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm on the enveloping material surface.
[0010]
The pheromone component used in the communication disrupting material of the present invention is not particularly limited and may be any pest pheromone. For example, Nika Meiga, Spodoptera, Shirochimonjiyoto, Konaga, Negikoga, Kaburayaga, Chanokokakumon Hamaki, Chahamaki, Chanohosoga, Momoshinigaiga, Nashihime Shinigaiga, Apple Kokomonmonakiki, Komonshiga Momogatomigamo , Rice beetle, aphid weevil, blue-headed buoy, blue-headed moth, white-tailed moth, white-spotted starfish, potato, etc.
[0011]
On the other hand, examples of the encapsulating material for encapsulating the pheromone component include plastic resins such as polyolefin, polysulfone, polyester, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide, polystyrene, and poly (meth) acrylate. Of these, it is preferable to use a polyester resin as a material that can easily control the rate at which the pheromone component moves to the surface of the enveloping material.
[0012]
Further, the shape of the enveloping material is not particularly limited, but at least one selected from a sheet shape, a capsule shape, a tube shape, and a hollow fiber membrane is preferable because the effect of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited. Since the larger surface area of the enveloping material has higher transfer and transfer efficiency of the exuding pheromone to the pest, a sheet-like one of the above-mentioned shapes is particularly preferable, and the handling property is also excellent.
[0013]
Furthermore, in the case of a sheet-like enveloping material, those made of the above polyester resin are preferable from the viewpoints of mechanical strength, weather resistance, controllability of pheromone component transfer rate (easily making the release rate and transfer rate constant), and the like. . In addition, the pheromone component in the enveloping material gradually diffuses and exudes to the surface while being affected by the concentration gradient and the type of enveloping material. Can be demonstrated. Therefore, in the case of an enveloping material made of a plastic material, the diffusion transfer rate changes by adjusting the glass transition temperature (Tg). Therefore, by using two or more polyester resins having different glass transition temperatures, the glass transition can be easily performed. The temperature can be adjusted, and the diffusion transfer rate of the pheromone component can be adjusted.
[0014]
As a method of encapsulating the pheromone component in the enveloping material, the enveloping material and the pheromone component are mixed in an arbitrary ratio in the presence of an organic solvent, and this is molded into a desired shape, After molding the enveloping material into a shape, a method of encapsulating the pheromone component by impregnation or injection can be employed.
[0015]
An example of a method for producing a sheet-like communication disturbing material among the above methods is shown below.
Add 1 to 100 parts by weight of the target pest pheromone component to 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin, add optional components such as antioxidants and light stabilizers as necessary, and uniformly in the presence of an organic solvent. Dissolve. The obtained solution can be applied to one or both sides of a plastic sheet as a carrier and dried to obtain the communication disrupting material of the present invention. When a plastic sheet subjected to a peeling process called a so-called separator is used as the carrier used at this time, the sheet-like communication disturbing material is peeled off from the carrier after coating and drying, and the pheromone is removed from the entire surface (both sides) of the sheet. It is possible to obtain a communication disrupting material that exudes components.
[0016]
In addition, when a plastic sheet that is not subjected to release treatment is used as the carrier, selecting a material that has good affinity (adhesiveness) with the enveloping material such as a polyester sheet and that does not allow the pheromone component to permeate. Since one side of the sheet-like communication disturbing material to be coated is covered with the carrier, the communication disturbing material from which the pheromone component exudes only from one side is obtained. This form of communication disruptor is excellent in sustained release and has a non-exuded surface, so that the exuded pheromone component does not adhere to the hand during handling, and both sides are not suitable for installation on roadside trees. It is excellent in handling when it is directly fixed with tape, or fixed to a board or a commercially available catch.
[0017]
In addition, the covering material sheet is formed on one side of the carrier as described above, but the sheet does not need to be an open-celled porous body in order to exude the pheromone component, the pheromone component dissolves and the concentration gradient A non-porous sheet may be used as long as the material diffuses and moves to the surface by a so-called blooming material.
[0018]
In the communication disrupting material of the present invention obtained as described above, the encapsulated pheromone component exudes on the surface of the enveloping material, and forms an extremely thin layer having a thickness of about 0.1 to 10 μm. The exuding pheromone component gradually evaporates into the atmosphere and attracts the adult male target insect, and the adult male contact with the communication disruptor of the present invention. Then, the exuding pheromone component is transferred and transferred to the adult male contacted, and then this male adult flies away from the communication disturbing material again.
[0019]
As described above, the adult male contacted with the pheromone component cannot sense the pheromone produced by the original female and loses the opportunity for mating, so the female cannot lay eggs and can suppress the generation of the next generation of pests. Furthermore, adult males that have come into contact with the pheromone component fly around the habitat area while volatilizing the pheromone component, so that it becomes a secondary pheromone generation source disguised as a female and attracts male adults around it. As a result, the adult male attracted to this female insect will lose the opportunity of mating, and an effective communication disrupting effect will be obtained.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the communication disrupting material of the present invention, like the conventional communication disrupting material, volatilizes the pheromone component and attracts male pests (adults), and does not disturb communication of only the attracted male pests, Since attracting insects are also actively used as pheromone sources, they can exert a wide range of communication disruption effects. Therefore, it is possible to perform communication disruption on roadside trees and communication disruption on tall plants, which was difficult in the past.
[0021]
In particular, the communication disruptor of the present invention is extremely effective against pests having a relatively short mating time and mating time and a narrow habitat. For example, in the case of the American White Hitori, the mating time is 10 to 15 minutes / day, the mating time is about one week for one generation, and the habitat is roadside trees and avenues of sycamore and cherry trees. It is a pest that can effectively act the present invention.
[0022]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be shown and described in more detail below, but various applications are possible without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[0023]
Example 1
To a solution of 24 mg polyester resin (glass transition temperature 47 ° C.) and 12 mg polyester resin (glass transition temperature 60 ° C.) dissolved in 30 mg methyl ethyl ketone, 6 mg American white human pheromone was added and uniformly dissolved and mixed.
[0024]
The obtained solution was applied and dried on a 75 μm thick polyester film so that the thickness after drying was 50 μm, thereby producing a communication disrupting material of the present invention having a carrier on one side.
[0025]
Example 2
To a solution of 12 mg polyester resin (glass transition temperature 47 ° C.) and 12 mg polyester resin (glass transition temperature 60 ° C.) dissolved in 30 mg methyl ethyl ketone, 6 mg American white human pheromone was added and uniformly dissolved and mixed.
[0026]
The obtained solution was applied and dried on a 75 μm thick polyester film so that the thickness after drying was 50 μm, thereby producing a communication disrupting material of the present invention having a carrier on one side.
[0027]
Example 3
The polycap made of polyester resin used in Example 2 was impregnated with 10 mg of American white human pheromone and allowed to stand for 24 hours to produce a communication disrupting material of the present invention in which the pheromone component exudes from the surface of the polycap.
[0028]
Example 4
To a solution of 30 mg of a polyester resin (melting point: 170 to 180 ° C.) dissolved in 150 mg of dichloromethane, 10 mg of Myiga pheromone was added and uniformly dissolved and mixed.
[0029]
The obtained solution was applied to a 75 μm thick polyester film, dried so that the thickness after drying was 50 μm, cut into a size of 1 cm × 1 cm, then the polyester film was peeled off, and the pheromone component was removed from both sides. An exuding type communication disruptor of the present invention was prepared.
[0030]
Experimental example 1
The communication disturbing material of the present invention produced in Example 1 is cut so that the size of the application portion is 2 cm × 2 cm, and this is attached to a 1.5 m high sycamore branch and attracted. The state of was observed. The attracted male adults were attracted to the product of the present invention, and quickly left on contact, and were not attracted again during the day's active hours. In addition, male adults attracted and approached the white-spotted starfish in contact with the communication disruptor of the present invention were observed.
[0031]
Experimental example 2
The communication disrupting material of the present invention produced in Example 1 was cut so that the size of the applied portion was 2 cm × 2 cm, and 11 preparations were installed on 27 roadside trees (Platanus) in Himeji city. Installation is done on July 15th before the adult emergence, and on August 12th after the adult emergence, the average number of nests of the next generation larvae (how many nests (egg blocks) are there in one tree) Number). For comparison, an untreated section was provided for comparison.
[0032]
As a result, the average number of nests in the untreated area was 1.21, but in the treated area where the communication disrupting material of the present invention was installed, it was 0.62, and a remarkable communication disturbing effect was recognized.
[0033]
Experimental example 3
The communication disrupting material of the present invention produced in Example 2 was cut so that the size of the coated portion was 2 cm × 2 cm, and this was cut every other 25 roadside trees (plane tree) in Sumida-ku, Tokyo. installed. The installation was carried out three times on May 12th, July 8th, and August 20th before the adult emergence, and June 15, August 19 and October 15 after the adult emergence respectively. The average number of nests of next-generation larvae was examined every day. For comparison, an untreated section was provided for comparison.
[0034]
As a result, the average number of nests in the untreated area was 1.24 (first time), 1.54 (second time), and 0.25 (third time), but the treatment with the communication disruptor of the present invention was installed. In each ward, it was 1.09 (first time), 0.60 (second time), and 0 (third time), and it was found that the effect of disrupting communication appeared significantly by repeated installation.
[0035]
Reference Example 24 mg of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer was dissolved in 30 mg of toluene, and 6 mg of American white human pheromone was added and dissolved uniformly.
[0036]
The obtained solution was applied and dried on a 75 μm thick polyester film so that the thickness after drying was 50 μm, and the 25 μm thick polyester film was bonded to the surface of the pheromone-containing layer to obtain a sandwich type communication disrupting material. Produced.
[0037]
This communication disruptor was cut into a size of 2 cm × 2 cm, and 10 pieces were installed on 20 roadside trees (planetanus) in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture. Installation was carried out on July 16, and the average number of nests of next-generation larvae was examined on August 13 after the occurrence of adults. For comparison, an untreated section was provided for comparison.
[0038]
As a result, the average number of nests in the untreated section was 1.53, and 1.03 in the treated section.
[0039]
From the above results, it is clear that the communication disturbing material of the present invention is superior in the communication disturbing effect as compared with the conventional non-exudation type (reference example).

Claims (3)

A communication disrupter composed of an enveloping material and an encapsulated pheromone component, and the encapsulated pheromone component exudes and exudes to the surface of the enveloping material in a state that can be transferred to a pest that contacts the communication disrupting material. A communication disrupting material characterized in that the pheromone component forms an ultrathin layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10 μm on the surface of the enveloping material. The communication disrupting material according to claim 1, wherein the enveloping material shape is at least one selected from a plastic sheet, a capsule, a tube, and a hollow fiber membrane. The communication disrupter according to claim 2, wherein the plastic sheet is made of two or more kinds of polyester resins having different glass transition temperatures.