JP3684339B2 - Method for producing carbapenem compounds - Google Patents

Method for producing carbapenem compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3684339B2
JP3684339B2 JP2001209591A JP2001209591A JP3684339B2 JP 3684339 B2 JP3684339 B2 JP 3684339B2 JP 2001209591 A JP2001209591 A JP 2001209591A JP 2001209591 A JP2001209591 A JP 2001209591A JP 3684339 B2 JP3684339 B2 JP 3684339B2
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formula
thiazolin
represented
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methyl
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JP2002012593A (en
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一彦 林
千里 佐藤
聖 玉井
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Pfizer Japan Inc
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Wyeth GK
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カルバペネム化合物の製造方法に関し、詳細には、カルバペネム骨格の1位にβ−配置のメチル基を有し、かつ2位に[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ基を有するカルバペネム化合物の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、医薬品、特に抗生物質の分野では、リード化合物に種々の修飾基を導入して、その活性や化合物の物理化学的性質をより好ましいものにするための構造変換が、盛んに行われている。例えば我々は、カルバペネム骨格の2−位に1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イルチオ基を導入した次式(IV):
【0003】
【化6】

Figure 0003684339
【0004】
で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸を見出している。
【0005】
この化合物は、それ自体強力な抗菌活性を示すばかりでなく、当該化合物をエステル化することにより経口投与用抗菌剤となり得ることを見出し、既に当該化合物及びそのエステル誘導体に関して特許出願を完了している(特願平6−170496号)。
【0006】
さらにまた、上記カルバペネム化合物の2位に導入する置換基として、特異的な1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イルチオ基を導入するための試薬である次式(II):
【0007】
【化7】
Figure 0003684339
【0008】
で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリジン−2−イル)アゼチジンの効率的な製造法についても、同様に特許出願を完了している(特願平6−331423号)。
【0009】
ところで、上記式(II)で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリジン−2−イル)アゼチジンを合成する場合の重要な出発原料として、次式((V):
【0010】
【化8】
Figure 0003684339
【0011】
で示される1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタンが挙げられる。当該式(V)の化合物はそれ自体公知であり、例えば2−アミノ−1,3−ジヒドロキシプロパンを原料として合成できることが知られている[アンゲヴァンテ・ヘミ(Angew.Chem.Internat.Edit.:Vol.8,(1969)p70)。しかしながら、この既知の合成法は収率が極めて低く、工業的に実施する場合に決して満足できる方法ではない。そこで、本発明者らは、上記式(V)の化合物を高収率で得ることができる製造法を開発した。
【0012】
併せて、上記式(V)で示される1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタンから効率良く誘導される式(II)示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリジン−2−イル)アゼチジンを用いて、式(IV)で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸の製造方法を開発した。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、次式(I):
【0014】
【化9】
Figure 0003684339
【0015】
(式中、PNBはp−ニトロベンジル基を表す)
で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5R,6S)−2−(ジフェニルフォスフォリルオキシ)−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートに、次式(II):
【0016】
【化10】
Figure 0003684339
で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩を反応させ、次式(III):
【0017】
で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジンを反応させ、次式(III):
【0018】
【化11】
Figure 0003684339
【0019】
(式中、PNBはp−ニトロベンジル基を表す)
で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートを得、次いでp−ニトロベンジル基を脱離させることからなる、次式(IV):
【0020】
【化12】
Figure 0003684339
【0021】
で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸の製造方法を提供する。
【0022】
また本発明は、上記の製造方法により得られる式(IV)で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸を提供する。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明方法により提供される式(IV)で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸は、後記する試験例からも判明するように、優れた抗菌活性を有し、カルバペネム系抗生物質として、その有用性が極めて高く、またそのエステル体は、経口カルバペネム系抗生物質として、経口投与用抗菌剤となり得るものである。
【0024】
本発明による式(IV)で示される化合物の製造は、具体的には、次式化学反応式で示される。
【0025】
【化13】
Figure 0003684339
【0026】
(式中、PNBはp−ニトロベンジル基を表す)
すなわち、例えば、式(II)で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩を水、アセトニトリルおよびクロロホルムの混合溶媒に溶解させ、この溶液に、式(I)で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5R,6S)−2−(ジフェニルフォスフォリルオキシ)−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートを加え、塩基(例えば、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン)の存在下に反応させることにより、式(III)で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートを得る。
【0027】
次いで、得られた式(III)の化合物のp−ニトロベンジル基を脱離させることにより、目的とする式(IV)の化合物へ誘導される。このp−ニトロベンジル基の脱離は、具体的には、緩衝液(例えばリン酸緩衝液)と有機溶媒(例えばテトラヒドロフラン)の混合溶媒中で、亜鉛末還元を行うことにより実施することができる。
【0028】
以上の方法により目的とする式(IV)で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸を、効率良く製造することができる。
【0029】
なお、上記製造方法において使用される式(II)の3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩は、例えば、以下の化学反応式により製造される。
【0030】
【化14】
Figure 0003684339
【0031】
(式中、Xはハロゲン原子を表す)
すなわち、アリルアミンにハロゲン化剤を反応させて式(VI)で示される2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンを得、この2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンに塩基を反応させることにより式(V)で示される1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタンへ誘導する。ここで誘導された1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタン(V)は、本発明者らが提案しているチオ酢酸との処理により、式(VII)で示される3−メルカプトアゼチジンへ変換された後、例えば、式(VIII)で示される2−(メチルチオ)−1,3−チアゾリンと反応させることにより、目的とする式(II)で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリジン−2−イル)アゼチジンへ変換される。
【0032】
この製造法の各工程の詳細を、以下に説明する。
【0033】
工程(a)
本工程は、アリルアミンとハロゲン化剤とを反応させて、2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンを得る工程である。反応は、反応に不活性な溶媒、例えばメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、n−ブタノールなどのアルコール系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル系溶媒;n−ヘプタン、n−ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、ペンタン、シクロペンタン等の炭化水素系溶媒;酢酸メチルエステル、酢酸エチルエステル等のエステル系溶媒;ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、四塩化炭素等のハロゲン系溶媒;アセトニトリル、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド等の中から選ばれる溶媒中で、ハロゲン化剤にアリルアミンを加えて撹拌することによって実施することができる。ここで用いられるハロゲン化剤としては、塩化スルフリル、塩素、臭素等を例示することができる。
【0034】
この反応におけるハロゲン化剤の使用量は特に限定されるものでなく、通常、アリルアミンに対して約1〜約20モル、好ましくは約1.5〜約5モルの割合で使用することができる。反応温度は厳密に制限されるものでなく、使用される塩基の種類や量により適宜変更できるが、一般に約−78℃〜約100℃、好ましくは約−78℃〜60℃程度の温度で行うことができ、かかる条件下で反応は約10分間〜数時間で終了させることができる。
【0035】
上記反応を行う場合に、必要に応じて、反応液中に例えばヨウ素を触媒量添加することによって、目的とする2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンの収率を挙げることができる。さらに反応は、不活性ガス、例えば窒素ガスまたはアルゴンガス気流中で行うことが好ましい。以上の方法により式(VI)で示される化合物を収率よく得ることができ、反応液はそのまま次の工程に用いることができるが、必要に応じて反応液を通常行われる精製手段、例えば蒸留、抽出、洗浄、溶媒留去、カラム又は薄層クロマトグラフィー等に付すことにより、式(VI)の化合物を単離精製することができる。
【0036】
工程(b)
本工程は、上記工程(a)で得られた2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンに塩基を反応させることによって、式(V)で示される1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタンを得る工程である。反応は、2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンを上記例示した中から選択される適当な溶媒、好ましくはジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒に溶解又は懸濁させ、これに適当な塩基、例えばリチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属;カルシウム、マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属;水素化リチウム、水素化ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属水素化物;水素化カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属水素化物;水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物;炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸塩;炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸水素塩;メチルリチウム、n−ブチルリチウム等のアルカリ金属アルキル;アルキルグリニアール試薬;リチウムアミド、リチウムジイソプロピルアミド、ナトリウムアミド、カリウムアミド等のアルカリ金属アミド;ナトリウムメトキシド;ナトリウムエトキシド、カリウム第三級ブトキシド等のアルカリ金属アルコキシド;酢酸ナトリウム等のアルカン酸アルカリ金属塩;炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属炭酸塩;トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、N,N−ジイソプロピル−N−エチルアミン等のトリ(低級)アルキルアミン;ピリジン、ピコリン、ルチジン、N,N−ジメチルアミノピリジンのようなN,N−ジ(低級)アルキルアミノピリジン等のピリジン化合物;キノリン;N−メチルモルホリン等のN−低級アルキルモルホリン;N,N−ジメチルベンジルアミン等のN,N−ジ(低級)アルキルベンジルアミン等のような有機塩基又は無機塩基、あるいは分子中に活性メチレンを有し塩基として用いられるジムシルナトリウム、ジムシルリチウム等、好ましくはメチルリチウム、n−ブチルリチウムなどのアルキルリチウム、リチウムアミド、リチウムジイソプロピルアミドなどのアルカリ金属アミド等を加えて攪拌することにより実施することができる。
【0037】
この反応における塩基の使用量は特に限定されるものでなく、通常、2−ハロゲン化メチルアジリジンに対して約1〜約20モル、好ましくは約1.5〜約5モルの割合で使用することができる。反応温度は厳密に制限されるものでなく、使用される塩基の種類や量により適宜変更できるが、一般に約−78℃〜約100℃、好ましくは約−78℃〜60℃程度の温度で行うことができ、かかる条件下で反応は約10分間〜数日間で終了させることができる。反応は、不活性ガス、例えば窒素ガスまたはアルゴンガス気流中で行うことが好ましい。以上の方法により式(V)で示される化合物を収率よく得ることができ、反応液を通常行われる精製手段、例えば蒸留、抽出、洗浄、溶媒留去等に付すことにより、式(V)の化合物を単離精製することができる。
【0038】
工程(c)および(d)
上記した工程(d)に従って得られる式(V)の化合物は、次いで、工程(c)および(d)、例えば後記製造例に示す方法により、目的とする式(II)で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩へ誘導される。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下に実施例、製造例及び試験例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの記載によって何ら限定されるものではない。なお、下記記載中の各記号は以下の意味を有する。
PNB:p−ニトロベンジル
製造例1
【0040】
【化15】
Figure 0003684339
【0041】
臭素94mlのジエチルエーテル110ml溶液に15℃以下でアリルアミン(1)80gを滴下し、室温で一日攪拌する。反応終了後、析出した結晶を濾取し、ジエチルエーテル55mlで洗浄後真空乾燥することにより2−ブロモメチルアジリジン・臭化水素酸塩(2)を302.6g(収率:99.6%)得た。
【0042】
H−NMR(CDOD)δ:3.35(dd,1H,J=9.89Hz,14.19Hz)、3.71(dd,1H,J=3.30Hz,14.19Hz)、3.86(dd,1H,J=8.58Hz,10.89Hz)、4.01(dd,1H,J=4.62Hz,10.89Hz)、4.4−4.6(m,1H)
【0043】
製造例2
【0044】
【化16】
Figure 0003684339
【0045】
塩化スルフリル9.64ml及び触媒量のヨウ素の乾燥ジクロルメタン溶液900mlを40℃で還流下、この溶液にアリルアミン(1)7.6mlの乾燥ジクロルメタン溶液100mlを滴下し、滴下終了後、同温度で2時間撹拌する。反応終了後、反応液を室温に戻し、濾過して得られる残渣をジクロルメタン及びn−ヘキサンで洗浄した後真空乾燥して、2−クロロメチルアジリジン・塩酸塩(3)を8.37g(収率:65.8%)得た。
【0046】
H−NMR(DO)δ:3.26(dd,1H,J=9.57Hz,13.85Hz)、3.53(dd,1H,J=3.30Hz,13.85Hz)、3.78(dd,1H,J=6.60Hz,12.21Hz)、3.88(dd,1H,J=4.95Hz,12.21Hz)、4.38−4.47(m,1H)
【0047】
製造例3
【0048】
【化17】
Figure 0003684339
【0049】
上記製造例1で得られた2−ブロモメチルアジリジン・臭化水素酸塩(2)1.00gの乾燥テトラヒドロフラン12ml懸濁液に−78℃でn−ブチルリチウム5.94ml(1.63M)を滴下し、1時間撹拌する。反応液を水浴(90℃)で常圧蒸留して、沸点約51℃の1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタン(4)を得た(収率約78%)。
【0050】
製造例4
【0051】
【化18】
Figure 0003684339
【0052】
上記製造例2で得られた2−クロロメチルアジリジン・塩酸塩(3)1.28gのテトラヒドロフラン25ml懸濁液を窒素雰囲気下−78℃で撹拌し、この溶液に21mmolのn−ブチルリチウムを5分間で滴下する。滴下後、同温度にて1時間撹拌した後、室温に戻しながら更に10分間撹拌する。反応液に50%水酸化カリウム水溶液2mlを加えて10分間撹拌した後、この反応液を常圧蒸留して、1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタン(4)を得た(収率約82%)。
【0053】
製造例5
【0054】
【化19】
Figure 0003684339
【0055】
(a)上記製造例4で得られた1−アザビシクロ[1.1.0]ブタン(4)550mgのテトラヒドロフラン30ml溶液を水酸化カリウム及び炭酸カリウムで乾燥した後、この溶液にチオ酢酸0.85mlを室温で滴下する。同温度で1時間撹拌した後、反応液を減圧濃縮し、次いで3規定塩酸3.33mlを加えて1時間加熱還流する。室温まで戻した後、反応液に水30mlを加えて酢酸エチルで洗浄する。分液して得られる水層と、有機層から抽出した水層とを合わせて、溶媒を減圧下留去し、3−メルカプトアゼチジン・塩酸塩(5)を無色油状物として913mg(収率:72.7%)得た。
H−NMR(DO)δ:4.0−4.3(m,3H)、4.5−4.7(m,2H)
【0056】
(b)上記(a)で得られた3−メルカプトアゼチジン・塩酸塩(5)22.7mgの95%メタノール(水1ml含有)溶液に、2−(メチルチオ)−1,3−チアゾリン26.6mg及びトリフェニルホスフィン5.2mgを加えて、6時間加熱還流する。反応終了後溶媒を減圧下留去して得られる残渣を0.1規定塩酸に溶解しこの溶液を酢酸エチルで洗浄する。得られる水層の溶媒を減圧下留去して得られる残渣を高速液体クロマトグラフィーで分離精製することにより、3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩(6)を無色針状晶として29.1mg(収率:73.4%)得た。
【0057】
H−NMR(CDCl)δ:2.57(d,1H,J=8.2Hz)、3.59(t,2H,J=7.4Hz)、4.02−4.18(m,4H)、4.63(t,2H,J=7.4Hz)、5.19−5.26(m,1H)、12.19(s,1H)
【0058】
実施例1
【0059】
【化20】
Figure 0003684339
【0060】
上記製造例5の(b)で得られた3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩(6)700mgを水、アセトニトリル及びクロロホルムの混合溶媒15mlに溶解し、p−ニトロベンジル (1R,5R,6S)−2−(ジフェニルフォスフォリルオキシ)−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレート(7)1668mgを加える。この溶液に、窒素気流中氷冷下にて、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン2.8mlを加えて、同温度にて2時間攪拌する。反応液に酢酸エチルを加えて飽和重曹水及び飽和食塩水で洗浄した後、溶媒を減圧下留去して、得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:アセトン=1:2)に付して、p−ニトロベンジル (1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレート(8)を1339mg(収率:92%)得た。
【0061】
H−NMR(CDCl)δ:1.235(d,3H,J=7.26Hz)、1.349(d,3H,J=6.27Hz)、3.160(quintet,1H,J=7.26Hz)、3.265(dd,1H,J=2.3,6.26Hz)、3.367(t,2H,J=7.26Hz)、3.898〜4.038(m,4H)、4.071〜4.147(m,1H)、4.212〜4.278(m,2H)、4.372(2H,J=7.92Hz)、5.255及び5.517(d(AB),2H,J=13.85Hz)、7.665(d,2H,J=8.58Hz)、8.226(d,2H,J=8.58Hz)
【0062】
実施例2
【0063】
【化21】
Figure 0003684339
【0064】
上記実施例1で得られた化合物(8)1339mgのテトラヒドロフラン20ml溶液に、0.38Mリン酸緩衝液(pH6.0)60ml及び亜鉛末11.2gを加えて2時間激しく攪拌する。反応液をセライトで濾過して不溶物を除去し、濾液を酢酸エチルで洗浄した後、pHを5.5に調整する。得られた溶液を減圧下濃縮し、この濃縮液をDiaion HP−40(三菱化成工業株式会社製)によるカラムクロマトグラフィー(5%イソプロピルアルコール水)に付して、目的とする(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸(9)を861mg(収率:87%)得た。
【0065】
H−NMR(DO)δ:1.093(d,3H,J=6.93Hz)、1.207(d,3H,J=6.27Hz)、3.05〜3.20(m,1H)、3.357(dd,1H,J=2.3,5.94Hz)、3.558(t,2H,J=7.26Hz)、3.920(t,2H,J=7.26Hz)、4.00〜4.20(m,5H)、4.20〜4.30(m,1H)、4.60〜4.70(m,1H)
IR(KBr):1740,1640,1590cm−1
【0066】
生物試験例(抗菌活性試験)
本発明によって得られる化合物(IV)の抗菌活性を、以下の試験方法により測定した。
【0067】
(1)試験方法
日本化学療法学会標準法[Chemotherapy,vol29,p76〜79(1981)]に準じた寒天平板希釈法による。すなわち、被検菌のMueller−Hinton(MH)寒天液体培地上での37℃、一夜培養液を約106cells/mlになるようにBuffered saline gelatin(BSG)溶液で希釈し、ミクロプランターを用い試験化合物含有MH寒天培地に約5μl接種し、37℃で18時間培養後、被検菌の発育が認められない最小濃度をもってMinimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)とした。ここで、使用菌株は標準菌株を用いた。
【0068】
(2)結果
上記試験の結果を下記表1に示す。
【0069】
【表1】
表1:MIC(μg/ml)
Figure 0003684339
【0070】
上記の試験結果からも判明するように、本発明の製造方法により提供される式(IV)の化合物は優れた抗菌活性を示しており、カルバペネム系抗菌剤として有用な化合物である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbapenem compound, and in particular, has a β-configuration methyl group at the 1-position of the carbapenem skeleton and [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine at the 2-position. The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbapenem compound having a -3-yl] thio group.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in the field of pharmaceuticals, particularly antibiotics, various modification groups have been actively introduced into lead compounds to make their activity and physicochemical properties of compounds more favorable. . For example, we have introduced a 1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-ylthio group at the 2-position of the carbapenem skeleton:
[0003]
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003684339
[0004]
(1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1- Methyl-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is found.
[0005]
It has been found that this compound not only exhibits strong antibacterial activity itself but also can be an antibacterial agent for oral administration by esterifying the compound, and a patent application has already been completed for the compound and its ester derivative. (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-170496).
[0006]
Furthermore, the following formula (II), which is a reagent for introducing a specific 1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-ylthio group as a substituent to be introduced at the 2-position of the carbapenem compound, ):
[0007]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003684339
[0008]
As for the efficient production method of 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl) azetidine represented by the following, a patent application has also been completed (Japanese Patent Application No. 6-331423).
[0009]
By the way, as an important starting material when synthesizing 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl) azetidine represented by the above formula (II), the following formula ((V):
[0010]
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003684339
[0011]
1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane shown by these. The compound of the formula (V) is known per se, and for example, it is known that 2-amino-1,3-dihydroxypropane can be synthesized as a raw material [Angew. Chem. Internet. Edit .: Vol. .8, (1969) p70). However, this known synthesis method has a very low yield and is never satisfactory when carried out industrially. Therefore, the present inventors have developed a production method capable of obtaining the compound of the above formula (V) in a high yield.
[0012]
In addition, 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolidin-2-yl represented by the formula (II) efficiently derived from 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane represented by the above formula (V) ) (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) represented by formula (IV) using azetidine. ) -1-Hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid production method has been developed.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention provides the following formula (I):
[0014]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003684339
[0015]
(Wherein PNB represents a p-nitrobenzyl group)
P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S) -2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em-3- Carboxylate has the following formula (II):
[0016]
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003684339
3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine hydrochloride represented by the following formula (III):
[0017]
3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine represented by the following formula (III):
[0018]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0019]
(Wherein PNB represents a p-nitrobenzyl group)
P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl ] Obtaining -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylate and then removing the p-nitrobenzyl group, represented by the following formula (IV):
[0020]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0021]
(1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1- A process for producing methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is provided.
[0022]
The present invention also relates to (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio represented by the formula (IV) obtained by the above production method. -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid is provided.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(1) represented by the formula (IV) provided by the method of the present invention. R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid has excellent antibacterial activity as will be understood from the test examples described later, and as a carbapenem antibiotic, its usefulness is extremely high, and the ester thereof is as an oral carbapenem antibiotics are those that can be orally administered antibacterial agents.
[0024]
The production of the compound represented by the formula (IV) according to the present invention is specifically represented by the following chemical reaction formula.
[0025]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0026]
(Wherein PNB represents a p-nitrobenzyl group)
That is, for example, 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine · hydrochloride represented by the formula (II) is dissolved in a mixed solvent of water, acetonitrile, and chloroform. P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S) -2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em represented by (I) P-Nitrobenzyl (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1) represented by the formula (III) is added by reacting in the presence of a base (for example, diisopropylethylamine). , 3-Thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em-3-cal Get the Kishireto.
[0027]
Next, by removing the p-nitrobenzyl group of the obtained compound of the formula (III), the compound of the formula (IV) is derived. Specifically, the elimination of the p-nitrobenzyl group can be carried out by performing zinc dust reduction in a mixed solvent of a buffer solution (for example, phosphate buffer solution) and an organic solvent (for example, tetrahydrofuran). .
[0028]
By the above method, (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(6) represented by the target formula (IV) R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid can be efficiently produced.
[0029]
The 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine · hydrochloride of the formula (II) used in the above production method is produced, for example, according to the following chemical reaction formula.
[0030]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0031]
(Wherein X represents a halogen atom)
That is, a halogenating agent is reacted with allylamine to obtain a 2-halogenated methylaziridine represented by the formula (VI), and by reacting the 2-halogenated methylaziridine with a base, Induction to azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane. The 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane (V) derived here is converted into 3-mercaptoazetidine represented by the formula (VII) by treatment with thioacetic acid proposed by the present inventors. After the conversion, for example, by reacting with 2- (methylthio) -1,3-thiazoline represented by the formula (VIII), the desired 3-mercapto-1- (1, Converted to 3-thiazolidin-2-yl) azetidine.
[0032]
Details of each step of this manufacturing method will be described below.
[0033]
Step (a)
In this step, allylamine and a halogenating agent are reacted to obtain 2-halogenated methylaziridine. The reaction is performed in a solvent inert to the reaction, for example, an alcohol solvent such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or n-butanol; an ether solvent such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; n-heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, pentane or cyclopentane. Hydrocarbon solvents such as acetate solvents such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; halogen solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride; solvents selected from acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and the like Among them, it can be carried out by adding allylamine to the halogenating agent and stirring. Examples of the halogenating agent used here include sulfuryl chloride, chlorine, bromine and the like.
[0034]
The amount of the halogenating agent used in this reaction is not particularly limited, and it can be generally used at a ratio of about 1 to about 20 mol, preferably about 1.5 to about 5 mol, with respect to allylamine. The reaction temperature is not strictly limited and can be appropriately changed depending on the kind and amount of the base used, but is generally about −78 ° C. to about 100 ° C., preferably about −78 ° C. to 60 ° C. Under such conditions, the reaction can be completed in about 10 minutes to several hours.
[0035]
When performing the said reaction, the yield of the target 2-halogenated methylaziridine can be mentioned by adding a catalytic amount of iodine, for example in a reaction liquid as needed. Further, the reaction is preferably carried out in an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas stream. By the above method, the compound represented by the formula (VI) can be obtained with good yield, and the reaction solution can be used in the next step as it is. However, if necessary, the reaction solution is usually purified by means of purification such as distillation. The compound of the formula (VI) can be isolated and purified by subjecting to extraction, washing, solvent distillation, column or thin layer chromatography and the like.
[0036]
Step (b)
This step is a step of obtaining 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane represented by the formula (V) by reacting the 2-halogenated methylaziridine obtained in the above step (a) with a base. . In the reaction, 2-halogenated methylaziridine is dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent selected from those exemplified above, preferably an ether solvent such as diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, and an appropriate base such as lithium or sodium is used. Alkali metals such as potassium and alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; Alkali metal hydrides such as lithium hydride and sodium hydride; Alkaline earth metal hydrides such as calcium hydride; Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide Alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; Alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate; Alkali metal alkyls such as methyl lithium and n-butyl lithium; R reagent; lithium amide, lithi Alkali metal amides such as mudiisopropylamide, sodium amide, potassium amide; sodium methoxide; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium ethoxide and potassium tertiary butoxide; alkali metal alkanoic acid salts such as sodium acetate; magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, etc. Alkaline earth metal carbonates; tri (lower) alkylamines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-diisopropyl-N-ethylamine; N, N— such as pyridine, picoline, lutidine, N, N-dimethylaminopyridine Pyridine compounds such as di (lower) alkylaminopyridine; quinoline; N-lower alkylmorpholine such as N-methylmorpholine; N, N-di (lower) alkylbenzylamine such as N, N-dimethylbenzylamine Organic bases or inorganic bases, or dimethylsyl sodium or dimyllithium used as a base having active methylene in the molecule, preferably alkyllithium such as methyllithium or n-butyllithium, lithium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, etc. It can be carried out by adding an alkali metal amide or the like and stirring.
[0037]
The amount of the base used in this reaction is not particularly limited, and is usually used in a ratio of about 1 to about 20 mol, preferably about 1.5 to about 5 mol, relative to 2-halogenated methylaziridine. Can do. The reaction temperature is not strictly limited and can be appropriately changed depending on the kind and amount of the base used, but is generally about −78 ° C. to about 100 ° C., preferably about −78 ° C. to 60 ° C. Under such conditions, the reaction can be completed in about 10 minutes to several days. The reaction is preferably carried out in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. By the above method, the compound represented by the formula (V) can be obtained with high yield. By subjecting the reaction solution to a usual purification means such as distillation, extraction, washing, solvent distillation, etc., the formula (V) These compounds can be isolated and purified.
[0038]
Steps (c) and (d)
The compound of the formula (V) obtained according to the step (d) described above is then converted into the desired 3-mercapto represented by the formula (II) by the steps shown in the steps (c) and (d), for example, the production examples described later. -1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine hydrochloride .
[0039]
【Example】
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, Production Examples, and Test Examples below, but the present invention is not limited to these descriptions. In addition, each symbol in the following description has the following meaning.
PNB: p-nitrobenzyl Production Example 1
[0040]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0041]
80 g of allylamine (1) is added dropwise to a solution of 94 ml of bromine in 110 ml of diethyl ether at 15 ° C. or lower and stirred at room temperature for one day. After completion of the reaction, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with 55 ml of diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to give 302.6 g of 2-bromomethylaziridine hydrobromide (2) (yield: 99.6%). Obtained.
[0042]
1 H-NMR (CD 3 OD) δ: 3.35 (dd, 1H, J = 9.89 Hz, 14.19 Hz), 3.71 (dd, 1H, J = 3.30 Hz, 14.19 Hz), 3 .86 (dd, 1H, J = 8.58 Hz, 10.89 Hz), 4.01 (dd, 1H, J = 4.62 Hz, 10.89 Hz), 4.4-4.6 (m, 1H)
[0043]
Production Example 2
[0044]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0045]
9.64 ml of sulfuryl chloride and 900 ml of a dry dichloromethane solution of a catalytic amount of iodine were refluxed at 40 ° C., and 100 ml of a dry dichloromethane solution of 7.6 ml of allylamine (1) was added dropwise to this solution. Stir. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was returned to room temperature, and the residue obtained by filtration was washed with dichloromethane and n-hexane and then dried in vacuo to give 8.37 g of 2-chloromethylaziridine hydrochloride (3) (yield) : 65.8%).
[0046]
1 H-NMR (D 2 O) δ: 3.26 (dd, 1H, J = 9.57 Hz, 13.85 Hz), 3.53 (dd, 1H, J = 3.30 Hz, 13.85 Hz), 3 .78 (dd, 1H, J = 6.60 Hz, 12.21 Hz), 3.88 (dd, 1H, J = 4.95 Hz, 12.21 Hz), 4.38-4.47 (m, 1H)
[0047]
Production Example 3
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0049]
To a suspension of 1.00 g of 2-bromomethylaziridine hydrobromide (2) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above in 12 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran was added 5.94 ml (1.63 M) of n-butyllithium at −78 ° C. Add dropwise and stir for 1 hour. The reaction solution was subjected to atmospheric distillation in a water bath (90 ° C.) to obtain 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane (4) having a boiling point of about 51 ° C. (yield: about 78%).
[0050]
Production Example 4
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0052]
A suspension of 1.28 g of 2-chloromethylaziridine hydrochloride (3) obtained in Preparation Example 2 in 25 ml of tetrahydrofuran was stirred at −78 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and 21 mmol of n-butyllithium was added to this solution. Drip in minutes. After dropping, the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at the same temperature, and further stirred for 10 minutes while returning to room temperature. 2 ml of 50% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution was added to the reaction solution and stirred for 10 minutes, and then this reaction solution was distilled at atmospheric pressure to obtain 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane (4) (yield about 82%).
[0053]
Production Example 5
[0054]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0055]
(A) A solution of 1-azabicyclo [1.1.0] butane (4) 550 mg obtained in Preparation Example 4 in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran was dried over potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, and then 0.85 ml of thioacetic acid was added to the solution. At room temperature. After stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour, the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure, then 3.33 ml of 3N hydrochloric acid is added, and the mixture is heated to reflux for 1 hour. After returning to room temperature, 30 ml of water is added to the reaction mixture and the mixture is washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer obtained by liquid separation and the aqueous layer extracted from the organic layer were combined, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 913 mg (yield) of 3-mercaptoazetidine hydrochloride (5) as a colorless oil. : 72.7%).
1 H-NMR (D 2 O) δ: 4.0-4.3 (m, 3H), 4.5-4.7 (m, 2H)
[0056]
(B) 2- (methylthio) -1,3-thiazoline 26. was added to a solution of 22.7 mg of 3-mercaptoazetidine hydrochloride (5) obtained in (a) above in 95% methanol (containing 1 ml of water). Add 6 mg and 5.2 mg triphenylphosphine and heat to reflux for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue is dissolved in 0.1N hydrochloric acid, and this solution is washed with ethyl acetate. The solvent of the obtained aqueous layer was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was separated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography to give 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazoline-2-yl) azetidine hydrochloride ( 69.1 was obtained as colorless needle crystals (yield: 73.4%).
[0057]
1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 2.57 (d, 1H, J = 8.2 Hz), 3.59 (t, 2H, J = 7.4 Hz), 4.02-4.18 (m, 4H), 4.63 (t, 2H, J = 7.4 Hz), 5.19-5.26 (m, 1H), 12.19 (s, 1H)
[0058]
Example 1
[0059]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0060]
700 mg of 3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine hydrochloride (6) obtained in (b) of Preparation Example 5 was dissolved in 15 ml of a mixed solvent of water, acetonitrile and chloroform. P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S) -2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylate (7) Add 1668 mg. To this solution, 2.8 ml of diisopropylethylamine is added under ice-cooling in a nitrogen stream, and stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated brine, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (chloroform: acetone = 1: 2). P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] 1339 mg (yield: 92%) of -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylate (8) was obtained.
[0061]
1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ: 1.235 (d, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 1.349 (d, 3H, J = 6.27 Hz), 3.160 (quintet, 1H, J = 7.26 Hz), 3.265 (dd, 1H, J = 2.3, 6.26 Hz), 3.367 (t, 2H, J = 7.26 Hz), 3.898 to 4.038 (m, 4H) ) 4.071-4.147 (m, 1H), 4.212-4.278 (m, 2H), 4.372 (2H, J = 7.92 Hz), 5.255 and 5.517 (d) (AB), 2H, J = 13.85 Hz), 7.665 (d, 2H, J = 8.58 Hz), 8.226 (d, 2H, J = 8.58 Hz)
[0062]
Example 2
[0063]
Embedded image
Figure 0003684339
[0064]
To a solution of 1339 mg of the compound (8) obtained in Example 1 in 20 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 60 ml of 0.38 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and 11.2 g of zinc powder are added and vigorously stirred for 2 hours. The reaction solution is filtered through Celite to remove insoluble matters, and the filtrate is washed with ethyl acetate, and then the pH is adjusted to 5.5. The obtained solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and this concentrated solution was subjected to column chromatography (5% isopropyl alcohol water) by Diaion HP-40 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain the target (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em- 861 mg (yield: 87%) of 3-carboxylic acid (9) was obtained.
[0065]
1 H-NMR (D 2 O) δ: 1.093 (d, 3H, J = 6.93 Hz), 1.207 (d, 3H, J = 6.27 Hz), 3.05 to 3.20 (m , 1H), 3.357 (dd, 1H, J = 2.3, 5.94 Hz), 3.558 (t, 2H, J = 7.26 Hz), 3.920 (t, 2H, J = 7. 26 Hz), 4.00 to 4.20 (m, 5H), 4.20 to 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.60 to 4.70 (m, 1H)
IR (KBr): 1740, 1640, 1590 cm −1
[0066]
Biological test example (antibacterial activity test)
The antibacterial activity of the compound (IV) obtained by the present invention was measured by the following test method.
[0067]
(1) Test method: Agar plate dilution method according to the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy Standard Method [Chemotherapy, vol29, p76-79 (1981)]. That is, a test compound was diluted with a buffered saline gelatin (BSG) solution at 37 ° C. overnight on a Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar liquid medium of a test bacterium to a concentration of about 106 cells / ml, and a test compound using a microplanter. About 5 μl of the MH agar medium was inoculated and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours. The minimum concentration at which no growth of the test bacteria was observed was designated as Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC). Here, a standard strain was used as the strain used.
[0068]
(2) Results The results of the above test are shown in Table 1 below.
[0069]
[Table 1]
Table 1: MIC (μg / ml)
Figure 0003684339
[0070]
As can be seen from the above test results, the compound of formula (IV) provided by the production method of the present invention exhibits excellent antibacterial activity and is a useful compound as a carbapenem antibacterial agent.

Claims (1)

次式(I):
Figure 0003684339
(式中、PNBはp−ニトロベンジル基を表す)
で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5R,6S)−2−(ジフェニルフォスフォリルオキシ)−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートに、次式(II):
Figure 0003684339
で示される3−メルカプト−1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン・塩酸塩を反応させ、次式(III):
Figure 0003684339
(式中、PNBはp−ニトロベンジル基を表す)
で示されるp−ニトロベンジル (1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボキシレートを得、次いでp−ニトロベンジル基を脱離させることからなる、次式(IV):
Figure 0003684339
で示される(1R,5S,6S)−2−[1−(1,3−チアゾリン−2−イル)アゼチジン−3−イル]チオ−6−[(R)−1−ヒドロキシエチル]−1−メチル−カルバペン−2−エム−3−カルボン酸の製造方法。
Formula (I):
Figure 0003684339
(Wherein PNB represents a p-nitrobenzyl group)
P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5R, 6S) -2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapen-2-em-3- Carboxylate has the following formula (II):
Figure 0003684339
3-mercapto-1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidine hydrochloride represented by the following formula (III):
Figure 0003684339
(Wherein PNB represents a p-nitrobenzyl group)
P-nitrobenzyl (1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl ] Obtaining -1-methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylate and then removing the p-nitrobenzyl group, represented by the following formula (IV):
Figure 0003684339
(1R, 5S, 6S) -2- [1- (1,3-thiazolin-2-yl) azetidin-3-yl] thio-6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1- A process for producing methyl-carbapene-2-em-3-carboxylic acid.
JP2001209591A 2001-07-10 2001-07-10 Method for producing carbapenem compounds Expired - Lifetime JP3684339B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100934785B1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-12-31 (주)대웅제약 New of (1R, 5R, 6S) -J-nitrobenzyl-2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapenem-3-carboxylate One crystalline form and its preparation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100934785B1 (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-12-31 (주)대웅제약 New of (1R, 5R, 6S) -J-nitrobenzyl-2- (diphenylphosphoryloxy) -6-[(R) -1-hydroxyethyl] -1-methyl-carbapenem-3-carboxylate One crystalline form and its preparation

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