JP3681023B2

JP3681023B2 - Tapered roller bearing and preload application method thereof

Info

Publication number: JP3681023B2
Application number: JP25907896A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 秀明石井; 豊田　　泰
Original assignee: Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
Current assignee: Koyo Seiko Co Ltd
Priority date: 1996-04-25
Filing date: 1996-09-30
Publication date: 2005-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 2016-09-30
Also published as: JPH109257A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、円錐ころ軸受ならびにその予圧付与方法に関する。ここでの円錐ころ軸受は、例えば自動車のトランスミッション装置の回転軸や自動車のデファレンシャル装置の入・出力軸などの支持軸受として用いられるものが挙げられる。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来から、円錐ころ軸受は、ラジアル荷重とアキシャル荷重との両方を支持することができることから、上述したような各種の用途がある。
【０００３】
この円錐ころ軸受では、一般的に、低粘度の防錆油を塗布した状態で軸方向の荷重つまり予圧が付与された状態で使用対象に組み込まれる。
【０００４】
ところで、従来から、円錐ころ軸受の各構成要素に製造公差が設定されているが、これらの要素を組み立てたときに、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部とが当接せずに両者間に隙間ができることがある。
【０００５】
このような状態の円錐ころ軸受を使用対象に組み込んで、規定の予圧を付与しても、前述の隙間が残存することがある。このような場合、後の円錐ころ軸受の回転に伴い各構成要素の相対位置関係が適正化して前述の隙間が無くなることがあり、これに伴い予圧が不足する結果になってしまう。
【０００６】
このようなことから、円錐ころ軸受を使用対象に組み込んで、予圧を付与する前に、所要のアキシャル荷重をかけた状態で円錐ころ軸受の内・外輪を相対回転させるという、いわゆる馴染み運転を行うことにより、円錐ころ軸受の各構成要素の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を無くすこと（いわゆる沈み込み）が行われている。この後に、予圧を付与するのである。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上述した馴染み運転は、十分に注意して行う必要があって時間がかかるなど、面倒であることが指摘される。
【０００８】
これに対して、この馴染み運転を短縮するかあるいは廃止するためには、円錐ころ軸受の各構成要素の製造公差を可及的に小さくし、円錐ころ軸受を組み立てるだけで、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を可及的に小さくできるように管理することが考えられている（例えば特開平２−２５６９２１号公報参照）。
【０００９】
しかしながら、このような対策は、製造メーカーにおいて、高精度な加工が行えるような設備を必要とするなど、多大な設備投資といった負担を強いられ、軸受価格の高騰を余儀なくされることが指摘される。
【００１０】
この他、実願平３−１０８４２４号公報に示すように、円錐ころ軸受の外輪軌道の延長線と内輪軌道の延長線との交差角度を、円錐ころの母線の延長線の交差角度よりも大きく設定することにより、馴染み運転において円錐ころを内輪の大鍔部側へ早期に変位できるようにして、馴染み運転を短縮できるようにしたものがある。なお、通常は、内・外輪の各軌道の延長線と円錐ころの円錐面の延長線とを一致させるように設計される。
【００１１】
しかしながら、これについても、内・外輪と円錐ころとが軸方向で非接触となる領域が存在することになるために、いわゆる片当たりによるエッジロードが発生するなど、荷重負担能力や転がり動作について適正になりにくく、早期寿命に至ることが懸念される。
【００１２】
さらに、実際に軸受の潤滑油として使用するギヤオイルなどの高粘度オイルを内・外輪の軌道に塗布しておいて馴染み運転を行うことによって馴染み運転を短縮することも考えられているが、近年は、ユーザー（組み付け作業者）が軸受を使用対象に組み込むときの使い勝手を良くする面から、できるだけ油分の付着していない軸受を好む傾向にあり、この点の不満が残る。
【００１３】
したがって、本発明は、円錐ころ軸受において、価格高騰をもたらすことなくまた取り扱い性を向上できるようにしながら、馴染み運転を短縮できるようにすることを目的としている。
【００１４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第１の円錐ころ軸受は、使用対象に組み込まれた後潤滑油を用いず馴染み運転がなされた後潤滑油によって潤滑される円錐ころ軸受であって、鋼製の円錐ころまたは鋼製の内輪および外輪の軌道面の少なくとも一方に、前記馴染み運転の潤滑に用いられる、ポリフルオロアルキル重合体またはエポキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、メルカプト基、スルフォン基若しくはエステル基から選ばれる官能基付きのフルオロポリエーテル重合体と、パーフルオロポリエーテルとの混合物である含ふっ素重合体を乾燥処理した潤滑膜が形成されている。
【００１５】
本発明の第２の円錐ころ軸受は、使用対象に組み込まれた後潤滑油を用いず馴染み運転がなされた後潤滑油によって潤滑される円錐ころ軸受であって、鋼製の円錐ころまたは鋼製の内輪および外輪の軌道面の少なくとも一方に、前記馴染み運転の潤滑に用いられる、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物の固体状の潤滑膜が形成され、前記固体状の潤滑膜は、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体が分散添加されている。
【００１６】
なお、前述の固体状の潤滑膜は、分子間が結合した３次元の網状構造を有している。また、固体状の潤滑膜は、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体が分散添加されている。この末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体は官能基を有していないもの、例えば官能基なしのパーフルオロポリエーテルなどの含ふっ素重合体とするのが好ましい。
【００１７】
本発明の第１の円錐ころ軸受の予圧付与方法は、使用対象に組み込まれた後潤滑油を用いず馴染み運転がなされた後潤滑油によって潤滑される円錐ころ軸受の予圧付与方法であって、鋼製の円錐ころまたは鋼製の内輪および外輪の軌道面の少なくとも一方に、馴染み運転の潤滑に用いられる、ポリフルオロアルキル重合体またはエポキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、メルカプト基、スルフォン基若しくはエステル基から選ばれる官能基付きのフルオロポリエーテル重合体と、パーフルオロポリエーテルとの混合物である含ふっ素重合体からなる潤滑膜を付着させる工程と、該潤滑膜を乾燥させる工程と、円錐ころ軸受の円錐ころおよび内輪と外輪とを各々ハウジング及び軸に組み込む工程と、円錐ころ軸受に所要のアキシャル荷重をかけた状態で円錐ころ軸受の内輪と外輪とを相対回転させ、円錐ころ軸受の円錐ころおよび内輪・外輪の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を無くす馴染み運転工程と、円錐ころ軸受に所定の予圧を付与する工程とを有する。
【００１８】
本発明の第２の円錐ころ軸受の予圧付与方法は、使用対象に組み込まれた後潤滑油を用いず馴染み運転がなされた後潤滑油によって潤滑される円錐ころ軸受の予圧付与方法であって、鋼製の円錐ころまたは鋼製の内輪および外輪の軌道面の少なくとも一方に、馴染み運転の潤滑に用いられる、官能基としてイソシアネート基を有する含ふっ素重合体と末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体に結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体とを所定の割合で混合したものを溶媒中に希釈してなる溶液を用いて、液状膜を付着させる工程と、前記付着した液状膜を硬化させることにより、網状構造の末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体を流動可能に分散添加された、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物の固体状の潤滑膜を形成する工程と、円錐ころ軸受の円錐ころおよび内輪と外輪とを各々ハウジング及び軸に組み込む工程と、円錐ころ軸受に所要のアキシャル荷重をかけた状態で円錐ころ軸受の内輪と外輪とを相対回転させ、円錐ころ軸受の円錐ころおよび内輪・外輪の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を無くす馴染み運転工程と、円錐ころ軸受に所定の予圧を付与する工程とを有する。
【００１９】
上記本発明では、要するに、潤滑性が格段に優れていて摩擦抵抗の小さな潤滑膜を形成しているから、各構成要素の組み立て後にほんの少し回転させるだけで、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を無くすよう、円錐ころと内輪とが円滑に軸方向で相対変位するようになる（いわゆる沈み込み）。また、この潤滑膜は、従来のオイルを用いる場合のような付着による不快感が生じないので、ユーザーの軸受組み込み時の使い勝手が良好となる。
【００２０】
しかも、潤滑膜は防錆油の代替剤として使用でき、組み込み後における運転初期など従来の防錆油では不充分な潤滑状況でも、内輪の大鍔部と円錐ころとの摺接部位に潤滑膜が途切れなく介在するので、充分な潤滑作用を発揮する。さらに、通常運転時に剥離しても、もともと潤滑性を有している樹脂組成物なので金属粉などの異物の様な悪影響を軸受に及ぼすことはない。
【００２１】
また、潤滑膜を末端がイソシアネート官能基付含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物からなる固体状とする場合には、分子間が密に詰まった均質な構造であるので、潤滑作用が長期的に継続できるようになる。そのため、特に組み込み後の回転動作の長期安定化をもたらす。この固体状の潤滑膜に末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない含ふっ素を流動可能な状態で分散添加しているため、この末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体が膜表面から滲み出て潤滑作用に寄与するので、沈み込み動作のより一層の円滑化に貢献できるようになる。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の詳細を図１ないし図７に示す実施例に基づいて説明する。
【００２３】
図１ないし図３は本発明の一実施例にかかり、図１は、馴染み運転後の円錐ころ軸受の上半分の縦断面図、図２は、馴染み運転前の円錐ころ軸受の上半分の縦断面図、図３は、本実施例での馴染み運転の結果を示すグラフである。なお、図４は、比較例での馴染み運転の結果を示すグラフである。
【００２４】
図例の円錐ころ軸受１は、一般的に周知の構成であり、内輪２と、外輪３と、複数の円錐ころ４と、保持器５とを備えており、適宜の使用対象に組み込まれる。この円錐ころ軸受１の全構成要素つまり内・外輪２，３、円錐ころ４および保持器５の表面全体には、後で詳細に説明する潤滑膜６が形成されている。
【００２５】
なお、内・外輪２，３および円錐ころ４の素材は、例えばＳＡＥ規格５１２０鋼，４３２０鋼などの浸炭用鋼や、ＪＩＳ規格ＳＵＪ２（高炭素クロム軸受鋼）とし、通常の焼入れ焼き戻し処理の他、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理と、その後の焼入れおよび焼き戻し処理とを含む硬化処理を適宜施している。
【００２６】
潤滑膜６は、例えば官能基付きの含フッ素重合体からなり、この実施例では流動性を有する状態になっている。この官能基付きの含ふっ素重合体としては、フルオロポリエーテル重合体またはポリフルオロアルキル重合体が好ましい。フルオロポリエーテル重合体は、−Ｃ_XＦ_2X−Ｏ−という一般式（Ｘは１〜４の整数）で示される単位を主要構造単位とし、いずれも数平均分子量が１０００〜５００００の重合体とするものが挙げられる。ポリフルオロアルキル重合体は、下記化学式１に示すものが挙げられる。また、前述の官能基は、金属に対して親和性の高いもの（例えばエポキシ基、アミノ基、カルボキシル基、水酸基、メルカプト基、イソシアネート基、スルフォン基またはエステル基など）が好ましく、例えば下記化学式２，３に示すものが挙げられる。このような含フッ素重合体は、単独で用いるか、または２種以上を併用して用いてもよい。その場合は、より耐摩耗性の優れた薄膜が得られるように、組み合わされた基が互いに反応して重合体をより高分子量化させるように配慮するのが望ましい。
【００２７】
【化１】

【００２８】
【化２】

【００２９】
【化３】

【００３０】
前述の官能基付きの含ふっ素重合体として、より詳しくは、パーフルオロポリエーテル（ＰＦＰＥ）あるいはその誘導体との混合物、具体的に例えばモンテカチーニ社の商品名フォンブリン（FONBLIN）Ｙスタンダード、フォンブリンエマルジョン（FE20、EM04など）またはフォンブリンＺ誘導体（FONBLIN Z DEAL、FONBLIN Z DIAC、FONBLIN Z DISOC、FONBLIN Z DOL、FONBLIN Z DOLTX2000、FONBLIN Z TETRAOLなど）が好適に用いられる。
【００３１】
次に、上述した潤滑膜６の形成方法の一例を説明する。
【００３２】
（ａ）潤滑膜６を得るための溶液を用意し、この溶液中に内・外輪２，３、円錐ころ４および保持器５をそれぞれ個別に浸漬するか、あるいはそれらを組み立てた完成状態の円錐ころ軸受１を浸漬して内・外輪２，３を相対回転させることにより、全構成要素の表面全体に液状膜を付着させる（付着処理）。この液状膜の付着はスプレーで行うようにしてもよい。ここで用意する溶液は、例えばフォンブリンエマルジョンＦＥ２０（フォンブリン濃度２０ｍａｓｓ％）を適当な希釈溶媒でフォンブリン濃度を０．２５ｍａｓｓ％にまで希釈したものである。なお、前述の希釈溶媒は、メタノール溶液、アルコール溶液や水などの揮発性のものの他、代替フロンとしてのフッ素系溶剤ＳＶ９０Ｄなどとすることができる。フッ素系溶剤ＳＶ９０Ｄの使用の場合には他の溶媒のように−ＯＨ（水酸）基を有しないので防錆効果が高い。
【００３３】
（ｂ）液状膜を付着した軸受構成要素の個々あるいは完成状態の円錐ころ軸受１の全体を室温で自然乾燥するか、あるいは４０〜５０度で約３分間加熱して強制乾燥することにより、液状膜に含む溶媒を除去する（乾燥処理）。これにより、溶媒や油成分などの不要な発塵がない流動性を有する潤滑膜６が得られる。
【００３４】
このようにすれば、円錐ころ軸受１の必要部位に潤滑膜６を形成することができる。なお、（ａ）、（ｂ）は必要に応じて数回繰り返すようにしてもよく、最終的には、潤滑膜６の膜厚を例えば０．２μｍ以下に設定する。
【００３５】
このような潤滑膜６を付着した円錐ころ軸受１では、使用対象に組み込んで内輪２をほんの少しだけ回転させることにより、円錐ころ軸受１の各構成要素の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころ４の大端面４ａと内輪２の大鍔部２ａとの間の隙間Δｌ（図２参照）を無くすことができる。このように、いわゆる沈み込み動作が簡単かつ適正に行えるようになる。
【００３６】
具体的に、実験を行っているので説明する。本実施例の実験結果を図３のグラフに、また、比較例の実験結果を図４のグラフにそれぞれ示している。試料軸受としては、呼び番号ＴＲ０７０８−１Ｒであり、ロット別の二つの同タイプの円錐ころ軸受を用いている。比較例は、本発明での潤滑膜の代わりに、一般的な防錆油（大同化学（株）製ＫＰ−３）を付着している。なお、グラフの縦軸の内輪浮き上がり量とは、円錐ころ４の大端面４ａと内輪２の大鍔部２ａとの間の隙間Δｌのことであり、図３（ａ）、図４（ａ）の場合、隙間Δｌが０．５ｍｍ、図３（ｂ）、図４（ｂ）の場合、隙間Δｌが０．０４ｍｍとなっている。そして、各試料軸受について、馴染み回転動作を５回、１０回と繰り返している。
【００３７】
本実施例の実験結果は、図３（ａ）、（ｂ）のグラフに示すように、半回転から１〜２回転で、円錐ころ軸受１の各構成要素の相対位置関係を適正化できて、隙間Δｌを無くすことができた。一方、比較例の実験結果は、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）のグラフに示すように、４〜１０回転で、円錐ころ軸受１の各構成要素の相対位置関係を適正化できて、隙間Δｌを無くすことができた。このように、本実施例は比較例に比べて馴染み運転をかなり軽減できると言える。
【００３８】
以上説明したように、潤滑膜６により馴染み運転を軽減できるようになる。さらに、馴染み運転の後、予圧付与して、運転する場合、運転初期といった潤滑油が不足する状況でも、内輪２の大鍔部２ａと円錐ころ４との摺接部位に潤滑膜６が途切れなく介在するので、潤滑作用を発揮する。しかも、潤滑膜６は防錆効果をもたらすので、従来では必要であった防錆油を付着せずに済むようになる。従来のオイルを用いる場合のような付着による不快感が生じないので、ユーザーニーズを満たすこともできる。つまり、防錆油を付着する代わりに潤滑膜６を形成すればよいので、手間が増えるということは全くない。
【００３９】
このような円錐ころ軸受１の使用対象への組み込み手順を説明する。まず、上述したように潤滑膜６を形成した円錐ころ軸受１を用意し、この円錐ころ軸受１の円錐ころ４および内・外輪２，３を各々使用対象となるハウジングおよび軸に組み込む。この後、円錐ころ軸受１に所要のアキシャル荷重をかけた油潤滑状態で、円錐ころ軸受１の内・外輪２，３を相対回転させることにより、円錐ころ軸受１の円錐ころ４および内・外輪２，３の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころ４の大端面４ａと内輪２の大鍔部２ａとの間の隙間Δｌを無くす。この状態で、円錐ころ軸受１に所定の予圧を付与する。このように、円錐ころ軸受１の馴染み運転がきわめて迅速に完了するから、組み込んでから直ぐに予圧の付与作業へ移ることができ、作業性が良好となる。
【００４０】
なお、本発明は上記実施例のみに限定されるものではなく、種々な応用や変形が考えられる。
【００４１】
（１）上記実施例では、潤滑膜６を内・外輪２，３、円錐ころ４、保持器５のすべてに形成しているが、少なくとも内・外輪１，２だけ、あるいは円錐ころ４だけに形成することができる。
【００４２】
（２）上記実施例では、潤滑膜６を内輪２、外輪３、円錐ころ４、保持器５の表面全体に形成しているが、潤滑膜６は、内・外輪２，３の軌道面か、円錐ころ４かの少なくとも一方に形成すればよい。この場合、例えば上記（ａ）の付着処理において、内・外輪２，３、円錐ころ４において不要箇所をマスキングした状態で用意した溶液中に浸漬するか、あるいは完成状態の円錐ころ軸受１の内・外輪２，３間にスポイドなどで注入して回転させるなどすればよい。
【００４３】
（３）上記実施例では、流動性を有する潤滑膜６を示しているが、下記するような固体状の潤滑膜６も本発明に含む。図５は、固体状の潤滑膜の構造を模式的に表した構造図、図６は、固体状の潤滑膜の硬化前の状態での性状分析結果を示すグラフ、図７は、固体状の潤滑膜の硬化後の状態での性状分析結果を示すグラフである。
【００４４】
前述の固体状の潤滑膜６は、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物からなる。末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物は、−Ｃ_ＸＦ_２Ｘ−Ｏ−という一般式（Ｘは１〜４の整数）で示される単位を主要構造単位とし、いずれも平均分子量が数百万以上で硬化反応により分子間が結合した３次元の網状構造を有している。３次元の網状構造とは、化学構造上の表現であって、膜の断面が網状になっているのではなく、分子間が網状のように連続してつながって密に詰まった均質な構造になっていることを意味している。このような化合物としては、下記化学式４に示すような末端がイソシアネートの官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を用いて、化学構造を変化させたものとすることできる。前述の末端がイソシアネートの官能基付き含ふっ素重合体としては、パーフルオロポリエーテル（ＰＦＰＥ）の誘導体、具体的に例えばモンテカチーニ社の商品名フォンブリンＺ誘導体（FONBLINZ DISOCなど）が好適に用いられる。
【００４５】
【化４】

【００４６】
次に、上述した潤滑膜６の形成方法の一例を説明する。
【００４７】
（ａ）固体状の潤滑膜６を得るための溶液を用意し、この溶液を用いて円錐ころ軸受１の任意の必要部位に液状膜を付着させる（付着処理）。ここで用意する溶液は、末端がイソシアネートの官能基付き含ふっ素重合体〔フォンブリンＺ誘導体（FONBLIN Z DISOC）〕を希釈溶媒（ふっ素系溶剤ＳＶ９０Ｄ）で含ふっ素重合体の濃度を１ｍａｓｓ％にまで希釈したものである。
【００４８】
（ｂ）液状膜を付着した対象のみあるいは円錐ころ軸受１の全体を４０〜５０℃で約１分間加熱し、液状膜に含む溶媒を除去する（乾燥処理）。この時点では、液状膜のままであり、流動性を有している。
【００４９】
（ｃ）この後、例えば１００〜２００℃で２０時間、加熱する（硬化処理）。これにより、液状間ｋの化学構造が変化することにより硬化反応して固体状の潤滑膜６が得られる。ちなみに、この硬化処理では、液状膜に存在している官能基つき含ふっ素重合体の個々について、下記化学式５〜８に示すような４種の硬化反応でもって末端のイソシアネート（ＮＣＯ）が消失し、各官能基付き含ふっ素重合体が互いに結合することにより３次元の網状構造となる。結合は、化学式５，６に示すような硬化反応でもって、図５（ａ）に模式的に示すように直線的に架橋するとともに、化学式７，８に示すような硬化反応でもって、図５（ｂ）に模式的に示すように３次元方向で架橋する。なお、図５では、下記化学式９に示すように、上記化学式４を簡略化して模式的に表している。
【００５０】
【化５】

【００５１】
【化６】

【００５２】
【化７】

【００５３】
【化８】

【００５４】
【化９】

【００５５】
このようにすれば、円錐ころ軸受１の必要部位に固体状の潤滑膜６を好適な膜厚で形成することができる。なお、（ａ）、（ｂ）は必要に応じて数回繰り返すようにしてもよく、最終的には、潤滑膜６の膜厚を例えば０．２μｍ以下に適宜設定する。
【００５６】
ここで、（ａ）で用意した溶液を濃縮乾燥しただけの状態（流動性がある状態）と、（ａ）で用意した溶液をステンレス鋼板などの試料に付着して硬化した状態とについて、その性状を分析したので説明する。
【００５７】
前者は、ＦＴ−ＩＲ法（フーリエ変換−赤外分光、液膜法）で分析している。その結果は、図６のグラフに示すように、ふっ素系のピーク以外にＮＨ（３３０ｃｍ^−１）、Ｎ＝Ｃ＝Ｏ（２２７９ｃｍ^−１）、ＮＨＣ＝Ｏ（１７１２ｃｍ^−１，１５４６ｃｍ^−１）、ベンゼン（１６００ｃｍ^−１）などのピークが見られ、ベンゼン環、ＮＨＣ＝Ｏ結合、イソシアネートが官能基として存在していることが確認できる。ここでは、薄膜と厚膜との場合についてそれぞれ調べているが、膜厚に関係なく分析が行えた。後者は、ＦＴ−ＩＲ法（フーリエ変換−赤外分光、高感度反射法）で分析している。その結果は、図７のグラフに示すように、ベンゼン環やＮＨＣ＝Ｏ結合のピークが見られるが、イソシアネートのピークが見られない。つまり、これらの結果に基づき、上記化学式５〜８に示す硬化反応による官能基の化学構造変化が確認される。
【００５８】
以上説明した固体状の潤滑膜６は、それ自体が３次元の網状構造をもって、被覆対象上に緻密に被覆されるとともに自己潤滑性を有するため、上記実施例と同様に沈み込み動作が円滑になる上、組み込み後の回転動作の長期安定化を実現できるようになる。この他、固体状であるから、衝撃荷重に対し若干ながらも緩衝作用を発揮するので、耐衝撃性に優れるものとなる。
【００５９】
この実施例において、上記（ｃ）の硬化処理については、加熱に代えて、紫外線、赤外線、γ線、電子線などの電磁波（光）のエネルギーを利用することができる。また、（ｂ）の乾燥処理は、省略してもよい。
【００６０】
この固体状の潤滑膜５の場合、末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物中に、フルオロポリエーテルなどの末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない含ふっ素重合体を流動可能に分散添加した構造とすることもできる。この場合、具体的に、上記形成方法の（ａ）の付着処理において、用意する溶液を、末端がイソシアネートの官能基付き含ふっ素重合体〔例えば商品名フォンブリンＺ誘導体（FONBLIN Ｚ DISOCなど）〕と、含ふっ素重合体として官能基なし含ふっ素重合体〔例えば商品名フォンブリンＺ誘導体（FONBLIN Ｚ−６０など）〕とを所定の割合で混合したものとすればよい。この場合では、（ｃ）の硬化処理において、官能基なし含ふっ素重合体が、官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しないので、これが、固体状の潤滑膜５の内部において流動可能となり、膜表面から滲み出るなどして潤滑作用を発揮することになる。
【００６４】
【発明の効果】
本発明の円錐ころ軸受では、ほんの少しの回転を行うだけの極く簡単な馴染み運転でもって、円錐ころ軸受の各構成要素の相対位置関係を適正化して、円錐ころの大端面と内輪の大鍔部との間の隙間を無くすことができる。したがって、この円錐ころ軸受を使用対象へ組み込んだ後、直ぐに予圧の付与を行えるようになるなど、作業性が良好となり、煩わしさを解消できるようになる。
【００６５】
また、馴染み運転を短縮するために軸受構成要素を精密加工する従来例のように、製造コストが高騰することが無く、また防錆油も使用せずに済むので低価格化に有利である。
【００６６】
また、潤滑膜を末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体を硬化処理したことで形成された含ふっ素高分子化合物からなる固体状とする場合には、分子間が密に詰まった均質な構造であるので、潤滑作用が長期的に継続できるようになる。しかも、この固体状の潤滑膜に末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない含ふっ素重合体を流動可能な状態で分散添加しているため、この末端がイソシアネート官能基付き含ふっ素重合体と結合しない流動可能な含ふっ素重合体が膜表面から滲み出て潤滑作用に寄与するので、潤滑性の一層の向上に貢献できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施例にかかり、馴染み運転後の円錐ころ軸受の上半分の縦断面図
【図２】同実施例で、馴染み運転前の円錐ころ軸受の上半分の縦断面図
【図３】本実施例での馴染み運転の結果を示すグラフ
【図４】比較例での馴染み運転の結果を示すグラフ
【図５】固体状の潤滑膜の構造を模式的に表した構造図
【図６】固体状の潤滑膜の硬化前の状態での性状分析結果を示すグラフ
【図７】固体状の潤滑膜の硬化後の状態での性状分析結果を示すグラフ
【符号の説明】
１円錐ころ軸受
２内輪
３外輪
４円錐ころ
５保持器
６潤滑膜[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tapered roller bearing and a preload application method thereof. Examples of the tapered roller bearing here include those used as support bearings such as a rotating shaft of an automobile transmission device and an input / output shaft of an automobile differential device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, tapered roller bearings can support both radial loads and axial loads, and thus have various uses as described above.
[0003]
In general, this tapered roller bearing is incorporated into a use object in a state where an axial load, that is, a preload is applied in a state where a low-viscosity rust preventive oil is applied.
[0004]
By the way, manufacturing tolerances are conventionally set for each component of the tapered roller bearing, but when these elements are assembled, the large end surface of the tapered roller and the large collar portion of the inner ring do not come into contact with each other. There may be gaps between them.
[0005]
Even when the tapered roller bearing in such a state is incorporated into the object of application and a prescribed preload is applied, the above-mentioned gap may remain. In such a case, the relative positional relationship of each component may be optimized with the subsequent rotation of the tapered roller bearing, and the above-described gap may be eliminated, resulting in insufficient preload.
[0006]
For this reason, a so-called familiar operation is carried out in which the tapered roller bearing is incorporated into the object of use, and the inner and outer rings of the tapered roller bearing are relatively rotated with a required axial load applied before applying the preload. Thus, the relative positional relationship between the components of the tapered roller bearing is optimized, and the gap between the large end surface of the tapered roller and the large collar portion of the inner ring is eliminated (so-called sinking). After this, a preload is applied.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, it is pointed out that the familiar operation described above is troublesome because it needs to be performed with great care and takes time.
[0008]
On the other hand, in order to shorten or eliminate this familiar operation, the manufacturing tolerance of each component of the tapered roller bearing is made as small as possible, and the tapered roller bearing is assembled by simply assembling the tapered roller bearing. It is considered that the gap between the inner ring and the large collar portion of the inner ring is managed so as to be as small as possible (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-256921).
[0009]
However, it is pointed out that such measures impose a heavy burden on capital investment, such as requiring equipment capable of high-precision processing in the manufacturer, and inevitably increase the bearing price. .
[0010]
In addition, as shown in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-108424, the intersection angle between the extension line of the outer ring raceway of the tapered roller bearing and the extension line of the inner ring raceway is larger than the intersection angle of the extension line of the generatrix of the tapered roller. By setting, there is one in which the tapered operation can be shortened early by allowing the tapered roller to be displaced early toward the large collar portion side of the inner ring in the familiar operation. Normally, the extension line of each track of the inner and outer rings and the extension line of the tapered surface of the tapered roller are designed to coincide with each other.
[0011]
However, there is also a region where the inner and outer rings and the tapered rollers are not in contact with each other in the axial direction. There is a concern that it may be difficult to reach a short life span.
[0012]
Furthermore, it is also considered to shorten the familiar operation by applying a high-viscosity oil such as gear oil that is actually used as a lubricating oil for the bearing to the inner and outer races and performing the familiar operation. From the viewpoint of improving the ease of use when the user (assembler) installs the bearing in the object of use, there is a tendency to prefer a bearing with as little oil as possible, and this point remains unsatisfactory.
[0013]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to shorten the familiar operation of the tapered roller bearing while allowing the handleability to be improved without increasing the price.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first tapered roller bearing of the present invention, there is provided a tapered roller bearing familiar operation without using a lubricating oil after it has been incorporated into the used target is lubricated by the lubricating oil after been made, manufactured steel tapered rollers or steel At least one of the raceways of the inner ring and the outer ring of the inner ring and a functional group selected from a polyfluoroalkyl polymer or an epoxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfone group, or an ester group, which is used for lubrication of the familiar operation A lubricating film is formed by drying a fluorine-containing polymer which is a mixture of a fluoropolymer having a group and a perfluoropolyether .
[0015]
The second tapered roller bearing of the present invention, there is provided a tapered roller bearing familiar operation without using a lubricating oil after it has been incorporated into the used target is lubricated by the lubricating oil after been made, manufactured steel tapered rollers or steel Solid lubrication of a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end, which is used for lubrication of the familiar operation , on at least one of the raceway surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring A film is formed, and the solid lubricating film is dispersed and added with a flowable fluorine-containing polymer that does not bond to the fluorine-containing polymer with an isocyanate functional group at the end.
[0016]
The solid lubricant film described above has a three-dimensional network structure in which molecules are bonded . The solid lubricating film is dispersed and added with a flowable fluorine-containing polymer whose terminal does not bind to the fluorine-containing polymer with an isocyanate functional group . The flowable fluorine-containing polymer in which the terminal is not bonded to the fluorine-containing polymer with an isocyanate functional group is a non-functional group-containing fluorine- containing polymer such as a perfluoropolyether having no functional group. preferable.
[0017]
A preload application method for a first tapered roller bearing according to the present invention is a preload application method for a tapered roller bearing that is lubricated by a lubricating oil after being used in a familiar operation without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated in a use object , Polyfluoroalkyl polymer or epoxy group, amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, sulfone group used for lubrication of familiar operation on at least one of steel tapered roller or steel inner ring and outer ring raceway surface Alternatively, a step of attaching a lubricating film comprising a fluoropolyether polymer having a functional group selected from ester groups and a fluoropolymer that is a mixture of perfluoropolyether, a step of drying the lubricating film, and a cone The process of incorporating the tapered roller and the inner and outer rings of the roller bearing into the housing and the shaft, respectively, and the axial load required for the tapered roller bearing Relatively rotating the inner and outer rings of tapered roller bearings in the state multiplied by, and optimizing the relative positional relationship between the tapered roller and the inner ring and outer rings of tapered roller bearings, the large end face of the tapered roller and the inner ring of the large rib portion A familiar operation step of eliminating the gap between the two, and a step of applying a predetermined preload to the tapered roller bearing.
[0018]
A preload application method for a second tapered roller bearing according to the present invention is a preload application method for a tapered roller bearing that is lubricated with lubricating oil after being used in a familiar operation without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated in a use object , A fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate group as a functional group and a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end, which are used for lubrication of a familiar operation on at least one of a steel tapered roller or a steel inner ring and an outer ring raceway surface A step of adhering a liquid film using a solution obtained by diluting in a solvent a mixture of a flowable fluorine-containing polymer that does not bind to the liquid, and curing the adhering liquid film the ends of the network is flowable dispersion added flowable fluorine-containing polymer which does not bind with the isocyanate functional group with fluorine-containing polymer, terminal isocyanate officer Incorporating a step of forming a solid lubricating film of the base with a fluorine-containing polymer containing fluorine polymer compound formed by the hardening treatment, each housing and the shaft and a tapered roller and the inner ring and the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing a step, the inner ring and the outer ring of a tapered roller bearing while applying the required axial load to the tapered roller bearings are relatively rotated, by optimizing the relative positional relationship between the tapered roller and the inner ring and outer rings of tapered roller bearings, conical A familiar operation step of eliminating a gap between the large end face of the roller and the large collar portion of the inner ring, and a step of applying a predetermined preload to the tapered roller bearing.
[0019]
In short, according to the present invention, a lubricating film having a remarkably excellent lubricity and a low frictional resistance is formed. The tapered roller and the inner ring are smoothly displaced relative to each other in the axial direction so as to eliminate the gap between the flanges (so-called sinking). In addition, since the lubricating film does not cause discomfort due to adhesion as in the case of using conventional oil, it is easy for the user to install the bearing.
[0020]
In addition, the lubricating film can be used as a substitute for rust-preventing oil, and even if lubrication is insufficient with conventional rust-preventing oil, such as the initial operation after installation, the lubricating film is applied to the sliding contact portion between the inner ring large collar and the tapered roller. Since there is no interruption, sufficient lubricating action is exhibited. Further, even if it is peeled off during normal operation, the resin composition originally has lubricity, so that it does not have an adverse effect on the bearing as foreign matter such as metal powder.
[0021]
In addition, when the lubricating film is made into a solid state composed of a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end, it has a homogeneous structure in which molecules are closely packed. As a result, the lubricating action can be continued for a long time. For this reason, the long-term stabilization of the rotation operation after the incorporation is brought about. Therefore the solid ends lubricating film of dispersed addition of fluoride containing that does not bind to with the isocyanate functional group-containing fluorine polymer in a state capable of flowing, the terminal does not bind with the isocyanate functional groups with a fluorine-containing polymer flow Since the possible fluoropolymer oozes out from the film surface and contributes to the lubricating action, it can contribute to further smoothing of the sinking operation.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The details of the present invention will be described based on the embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0023]
1 to 3 relate to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an upper half of a tapered roller bearing after a familiar operation, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of an upper half of the tapered roller bearing before a familiar operation. FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 are graphs showing the results of the familiar operation in this example. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the familiar operation in the comparative example.
[0024]
The tapered roller bearing 1 shown in the figure has a generally well-known configuration, and includes an inner ring 2, an outer ring 3, a plurality of tapered rollers 4, and a cage 5, and is incorporated into an appropriate use object. A lubricating film 6, which will be described in detail later, is formed on all the components of the tapered roller bearing 1, that is, the entire surfaces of the inner and

outer rings

2 and 3, the tapered rollers 4 and the cage 5.
[0025]
The materials of the inner /

outer rings

2, 3 and the tapered roller 4 are carburizing steel such as SAE standard 5120 steel and 4320 steel, and JIS standard SUJ2 (high carbon chromium bearing steel). In addition, a hardening process including a carburizing process or a carbonitriding process and a subsequent quenching and tempering process is appropriately performed.
[0026]
The lubricating film 6 is made of, for example, a fluorine-containing polymer with a functional group. In this embodiment, the lubricating film 6 is in a fluid state. As this fluorine-containing polymer with a functional group, a fluoropolyether polymer or a polyfluoroalkyl polymer is preferable. The fluoropolyether polymer includes a unit represented by a general formula -C _X F _2X -O- (where X is an integer of 1 to 4) as a main structural unit, and each of the polymers has a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 50000 To do. Examples of the polyfluoroalkyl polymer include those represented by the following chemical formula 1. The functional group described above is preferably one having a high affinity for metals (for example, an epoxy group, amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, isocyanate group, sulfone group or ester group). , 3 are listed. Such fluorine-containing polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In that case, it is desirable to consider that the combined groups react with each other to increase the molecular weight of the polymer so that a thin film with higher wear resistance can be obtained.
[0027]
[Chemical 1]

[0028]
[Chemical formula 2]

[0029]
[Chemical 3]

[0030]
As the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer having a functional group, more specifically, a mixture with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) or a derivative thereof, specifically, for example, a trade name of Fonbrin (FONBLIN) standard of Montecatini, Fonbrin emulsion (FE20, EM04, etc.) or Fomblin Z derivatives (FONBLIN Z DEAL, FONBLIN Z DIAC, FONBLIN Z DISOC, FONBLIN Z DOL, FONBLIN Z DOLTX2000, FONBLIN Z TETRAOL, etc.) are preferably used.
[0031]
Next, an example of a method for forming the lubricating film 6 described above will be described.
[0032]
(A) A solution for obtaining the lubricating film 6 is prepared, and the inner and

outer rings

2 and 3, the tapered roller 4 and the cage 5 are individually immersed in the solution, or a completed cone in which they are assembled. By immersing the roller bearing 1 and relatively rotating the inner and

outer rings

2 and 3, a liquid film is adhered to the entire surface of all the constituent elements (adhesion treatment). The liquid film may be attached by spraying. The solution prepared here is, for example, a fomblin emulsion FE20 (fomblin concentration 20 mass%) diluted with an appropriate diluent solvent to a fomblin concentration of 0.25 mass%. Note that the diluting solvent described above can be a volatile solvent such as a methanol solution, an alcohol solution, or water, or a fluorinated solvent SV90D as an alternative chlorofluorocarbon. In the case of using the fluorine-based solvent SV90D, since it does not have an —OH (hydric acid) group like other solvents, the antirust effect is high.
[0033]
(B) Individually or completely the tapered roller bearing 1 of a bearing component to which a liquid film is adhered is naturally dried at room temperature, or heated for about 3 minutes at 40 to 50 ° C. for forced drying to be liquid. The solvent contained in the film is removed (drying process). Thereby, the lubricating film 6 having fluidity free from unnecessary dust generation such as a solvent and an oil component can be obtained.
[0034]
In this way, the lubricating film 6 can be formed on the necessary portion of the tapered roller bearing 1. Note that (a) and (b) may be repeated several times as necessary. Finally, the film thickness of the lubricating film 6 is set to 0.2 μm or less, for example.
[0035]
In the tapered roller bearing 1 to which such a lubricating film 6 is attached, the relative positional relationship between the constituent elements of the tapered roller bearing 1 is optimized by incorporating the object into the object of use and rotating the inner ring 2 only slightly. The gap Δl (see FIG. 2) between the large end surface 4a of 4 and the large collar portion 2a of the inner ring 2 can be eliminated. In this way, a so-called subduction operation can be performed easily and appropriately.
[0036]
Specifically, an experiment will be described. The experimental results of this example are shown in the graph of FIG. 3, and the experimental results of the comparative example are shown in the graph of FIG. The sample bearing has a nominal number TR0708-1R and uses two same type tapered roller bearings for each lot. In the comparative example, a general rust preventive oil (KP-3 manufactured by Daido Chemical Co., Ltd.) is attached instead of the lubricating film in the present invention. Note that the amount of lift of the inner ring on the vertical axis of the graph refers to the gap Δl between the large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 and the large collar portion 2a of the inner ring 2, and FIGS. 3 (a) and 4 (a). In this case, the gap Δl is 0.5 mm, and in the case of FIGS. 3B and 4B, the gap Δl is 0.04 mm. For each sample bearing, the familiar rotation operation is repeated 5 times and 10 times.
[0037]
As shown in the graphs of FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the experimental results of the present embodiment were able to optimize the relative positional relationship of each component of the tapered roller bearing 1 from half rotation to one to two rotations. The gap Δl could be eliminated. On the other hand, as shown in the graphs of FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the experimental results of the comparative example can optimize the relative positional relationship of each component of the tapered roller bearing 1 with 4 to 10 rotations. Δl could be eliminated. Thus, it can be said that this embodiment can considerably reduce the familiar operation as compared with the comparative example.
[0038]
As described above, the familiar operation can be reduced by the lubricating film 6. Further, when the preload is applied after the familiar operation and the operation is performed, the lubricating film 6 is not interrupted at the sliding contact portion between the large collar portion 2a of the inner ring 2 and the tapered roller 4 even in a situation where the lubricating oil is insufficient in the initial operation. Since it is interposed, it exerts a lubricating action. In addition, since the lubricating film 6 provides a rust-preventing effect, it is not necessary to attach rust-preventing oil that has been necessary in the past. Since there is no discomfort due to adhesion as in the case of using conventional oil, user needs can be satisfied. That is, since the lubricating film 6 may be formed instead of attaching the rust preventive oil, there is no increase in labor.
[0039]
A procedure for incorporating such a tapered roller bearing 1 into a use object will be described. First, the tapered roller bearing 1 having the lubricating film 6 formed thereon as described above is prepared, and the tapered roller 4 and the inner /

outer rings

2 and 3 of the tapered roller bearing 1 are respectively incorporated in a housing and a shaft to be used. Thereafter, the inner and

outer rings

2 and 3 of the tapered roller bearing 1 are rotated relative to each other in an oil-lubricated state in which a required axial load is applied to the tapered roller bearing 1, whereby the tapered roller 4 and the inner and outer rings of the tapered roller bearing 1 are rotated. By optimizing the relative positional relationship between 2 and 3, the gap Δl between the large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 and the large collar portion 2a of the inner ring 2 is eliminated. In this state, a predetermined preload is applied to the tapered roller bearing 1. Thus, since the familiar operation of the tapered roller bearing 1 is completed very quickly, the preloading operation can be started immediately after the assembly, and workability is improved.
[0040]
In addition, this invention is not limited only to the said Example, Various application and deformation | transformation can be considered.
[0041]
(1) In the above embodiment, the lubricating film 6 is formed on all of the inner /

outer rings

2, 3, the tapered rollers 4 and the cage 5, but only at least the inner /

outer rings

1, 2 or only the tapered rollers 4. Can be formed.
[0042]
(2) In the above embodiment, the lubricating film 6 is formed on the entire surface of the inner ring 2, the outer ring 3, the tapered roller 4, and the cage 5, but the lubricating film 6 is the raceway surface of the inner /

outer rings

2, 3. What is necessary is just to form in at least one of the tapered rollers 4. In this case, for example, in the adhering process of (a), the inner /

outer rings

2 and 3 and the tapered roller 4 are immersed in a prepared solution in a state where unnecessary portions are masked, or the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing 1 in a completed state is used.・ Injection between the

outer rings

2 and 3 with a spoid or the like may cause rotation.
[0043]
(3) Although the lubricating film 6 having fluidity is shown in the above embodiment, the solid lubricating film 6 as described below is also included in the present invention. FIG. 5 is a structural diagram schematically showing the structure of the solid lubricating film, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of property analysis of the solid lubricating film before curing, and FIG. It is a graph which shows the property analysis result in the state after hardening of a lubricating film.
[0044]
The aforementioned solid lubricating film 6 is made of a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end . The fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end is a unit represented by the general formula (X is an integer of 1 to 4): -C _X F _2X -O- Are the main structural units, each having an average molecular weight of several million or more and a three-dimensional network structure in which molecules are bonded by a curing reaction. The three-dimensional network structure is an expression in terms of chemical structure, and the cross-section of the film is not a network, but a homogeneous structure in which molecules are connected in a continuous manner like a network. It means that As such a compound, the chemical structure may be changed by using a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end as shown in the following chemical formula 4. As the above-mentioned fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate-terminated functional group, a derivative of perfluoropolyether (PFPE), specifically a trade name Fomblin Z derivative (FONBLINZ DISOC, etc.) of Montecatini, for example, is preferably used.
[0045]
[Formula 4]

[0046]
Next, an example of a method for forming the lubricating film 6 described above will be described.
[0047]
(A) A solution for obtaining the solid lubricating film 6 is prepared, and a liquid film is adhered to any necessary portion of the tapered roller bearing 1 using this solution (adhesion treatment). The solution prepared here is a fluorine-containing polymer having a functional group whose end is isocyanate [FONBLIN Z DISOC], and the concentration of the fluorine-containing polymer is reduced to 1 mass% with a diluting solvent (fluorine solvent SV90D). Diluted.
[0048]
(B) Only the object to which the liquid film is adhered or the entire tapered roller bearing 1 is heated at 40 to 50 ° C. for about 1 minute to remove the solvent contained in the liquid film (drying process). At this time, it remains a liquid film and has fluidity.
[0049]
(C) Then, it heats, for example at 100-200 degreeC for 20 hours (curing process). As a result, the solid lubricating film 6 is obtained through a curing reaction due to a change in the chemical structure of the liquid k. By the way, in this curing treatment, the terminal isocyanate (NCO) disappears by the four types of curing reactions shown in the following chemical formulas 5 to 8 for each of the functional fluorine-containing polymers present in the liquid film. , each functional group with fluorine-containing polymer is a three-dimensional network structure by binding to each other. The bonds are cured by a curing reaction as shown in

Chemical Formulas

5 and 6 and linearly cross-linked as schematically shown in FIG. 5A, and also by a curing reaction as shown in

Chemical Formulas

7 and 8. As schematically shown in (b), crosslinking is performed in a three-dimensional direction. In addition, in FIG. 5, as shown in the following chemical formula 9, the chemical formula 4 is simplified and schematically shown.
[0050]
[Chemical formula 5]

[0051]
[Chemical 6]

[0052]
[Chemical 7]

[0053]
[Chemical 8]

[0054]
[Chemical 9]

[0055]
In this way, the solid lubricating film 6 can be formed at a suitable thickness on the necessary portion of the tapered roller bearing 1. Note that (a) and (b) may be repeated several times as necessary. Finally, the thickness of the lubricating film 6 is appropriately set to 0.2 μm or less, for example.
[0056]
Here, the state prepared by concentrating and drying the solution prepared in (a) (the state having fluidity) and the state prepared by attaching the solution prepared in (a) to a sample such as a stainless steel plate and curing the I will explain the properties.
[0057]
The former is analyzed by the FT-IR method (Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, liquid film method). As a result, as shown in the graph of FIG. ^6, ^NH (330cm -1) in addition to the peak of fluorine, N = C = O (2279cm -1), NHC = O (1712cm -1, 1546cm -1), Peaks such as benzene (1600 cm ⁻¹ ) are observed, and it can be confirmed that a benzene ring, NHC═O bond, and isocyanate are present as functional groups. Here, the cases of the thin film and the thick film are examined, but the analysis can be performed regardless of the film thickness. The latter is analyzed by the FT-IR method (Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, high sensitivity reflection method). As a result, as shown in the graph of FIG. 7, the peak of the benzene ring and NHC═O bond is seen, but the peak of isocyanate is not seen. That is, based on these results, the chemical structure change of the functional group due to the curing reaction shown in the above chemical formulas 5 to 8 is confirmed.
[0058]
The solid lubricating film 6 described above itself has a three-dimensional network structure, is densely coated on the object to be coated, and has self-lubricating properties, so that the sinking operation is smooth as in the above embodiment. In addition, long-term stabilization of the rotational operation after installation can be realized. In addition, since it is in a solid state, it exhibits a buffering action with a slight impact load, and therefore has excellent impact resistance.
[0059]
In this embodiment, for the curing process (c), energy of electromagnetic waves (light) such as ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, γ rays, and electron beams can be used instead of heating. Further, the drying process (b) may be omitted.
[0060]
In the case of this solid lubricating film 5, a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the terminal is used to form a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the terminal such as fluoropolyether. the fluorine-containing polymer that does not bind to the polymer may also be a flowable dispersed the added structure. In this case, specifically, in the adhesion treatment of (a) in the above formation method, the prepared solution is a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate-terminated functional group (for example, a trade name fomblin Z derivative (FONBLIN Z DISOC, etc.)). And a fluorine-containing polymer having no functional group (for example, a trade name Fomblin Z derivative (FONBLIN Z-60, etc.)) as a fluorine-containing polymer may be mixed at a predetermined ratio. In this case, in the curing process (c), the fluorine-containing polymer having no functional group is not bonded to the fluorine-containing polymer having a functional group, so that it can flow inside the solid lubricating film 5, and the film surface The oil will exude from the surface and exert a lubricating effect .
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
In the tapered roller bearing of the present invention, the relative positional relationship between the components of the tapered roller bearing is optimized by a very simple familiar operation with only a slight rotation, and the large end surface of the tapered roller and the inner ring are large. The gap between the buttocks can be eliminated. Therefore, after incorporating the tapered roller bearing into the object to be used, preload can be applied immediately, so that workability is improved, and troublesomeness can be eliminated.
[0065]
Further, unlike the conventional example in which the bearing components are precision processed in order to shorten the familiar operation, the manufacturing cost does not increase and the use of rust preventive oil is not required, which is advantageous in reducing the cost.
[0066]
In addition, when the lubricating film is made into a solid state composed of a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end, it has a homogeneous structure in which the molecules are closely packed. As a result, the lubricating action can be continued for a long time. Moreover, this solid for lubrication film ends are dispersed added flowable state fluorine-containing polymer which does not bind with the isocyanate functional group-containing fluorine polymer, the terminal isocyanate functional groups with a fluorine-containing polymer Since the flowable fluorine-containing polymer that does not bind to the fluid oozes out from the film surface and contributes to the lubricating action, it can contribute to further improvement in lubricity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an upper half of a tapered roller bearing after a familiar operation according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an upper half of a tapered roller bearing before a familiar operation in the same embodiment. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of a familiar operation in this example. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of a familiar operation in a comparative example. FIG. 5 is a structural diagram schematically showing the structure of a solid lubricating film. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of property analysis in the state before solid lubricant film is cured. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of property analysis in the state after solid lubricant film is cured.
1 Tapered roller bearing 2 Inner ring 3 Outer ring 4 Tapered roller 5 Cage 6 Lubricating film

Claims

A tapered roller bearing that is lubricated by a lubricating oil after being used in a familiar operation without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated into a use object ,
A polyfluoroalkyl polymer or an epoxy group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a sulfone, which is used for lubrication of the familiar operation , on at least one of a steel tapered roller or a raceway surface of a steel inner ring and outer ring A tapered roller is characterized in that a lubricating film is formed by drying a fluoropolymer having a functional group selected from a group or an ester group and a fluoropolymer which is a mixture of a perfluoropolyether. bearing.

A tapered roller bearing that is lubricated by a lubricating oil after being used in a familiar operation without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated into a use object ,
At least one of the raceway surface of the inner ring and the outer ring made of steel tapered rollers or steel, the use in lubrication of familiar driving, fluorine-containing the terminal is formed by the curing treatment with an isocyanate functional group containing fluorine polymer A solid lubricating film of a polymer compound is formed, and the solid lubricating film is dispersed and added with a flowable fluorine-containing polymer that does not bond to the fluorine-containing polymer with an isocyanate functional group at the end. Characteristic tapered roller bearing.

The tapered roller bearing according to claim 2, wherein the flowable fluorine-containing polymer does not have a functional group.

The tapered roller bearing according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the solid lubricating film has a three-dimensional network structure in which molecules are bonded to each other.

A preload application method for a tapered roller bearing that is lubricated by a lubricating oil after a familiar operation is performed without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated into a use object ,
Polyfluoroalkyl polymer or epoxy group, amino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, sulfone group used for lubrication of familiar operation on at least one of steel tapered roller or steel inner ring and outer ring raceway surface Or a step of attaching a lubricating film comprising a fluoropolyether polymer with a functional group selected from ester groups and a fluoropolymer that is a mixture of perfluoropolyether;
Drying the lubricating film;
Incorporating the tapered roller and the inner ring and the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing into the housing and the shaft, respectively;
The inner and outer rings of tapered roller bearings while applying the required axial load to the tapered roller bearings are relatively rotated, by optimizing the relative positional relationship between the tapered roller and the inner ring and outer rings of tapered roller bearings, large tapered roller A familiar operation process that eliminates the gap between the end face and the large collar of the inner ring,
Applying a predetermined preload to the tapered roller bearing;
A method for applying a preload to a tapered roller bearing.

A preload application method for a tapered roller bearing that is lubricated by a lubricating oil after a familiar operation is performed without using the lubricating oil after being incorporated into a use object ,
A fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate group as a functional group and a fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group at the end, which are used for lubrication of a familiar operation on at least one of a steel tapered roller or a steel inner ring and an outer ring raceway surface A step of adhering a liquid film using a solution obtained by diluting in a solvent a mixture of a flowable fluorine-containing polymer that is not bonded to a predetermined ratio ;
By curing the adhered liquid film, a flowable fluorine-containing polymer in which the end of the network structure is not bonded to the fluorine-containing polymer having an isocyanate functional group is dispersed and added in a flowable manner. A step of forming a solid lubricating film of a fluorine-containing polymer compound formed by curing a fluoropolymer ;
Incorporating the tapered roller and the inner ring and the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing into the housing and the shaft, respectively;
The inner and outer rings of tapered roller bearings while applying the required axial load to the tapered roller bearings are relatively rotated, by optimizing the relative positional relationship between the tapered roller and the inner ring and outer rings of tapered roller bearings, large tapered roller A familiar operation process that eliminates the gap between the end face and the large collar of the inner ring,
Applying a predetermined preload to the tapered roller bearing;
A method for applying a preload to a tapered roller bearing.