JP3673741B2 - Long object moving displacement measuring method and apparatus for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a long object moving displacement measuring method and an apparatus for carrying out the method, and more particularly, a long object for measuring and inspecting a moving displacement amount of a long object such as a rail of a railroad track based on a photographic image. The present invention relates to a method for measuring an amount of displacement of an object and an apparatus for performing the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional example will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, it demonstrates as an example of the elongate object which moves and displaces the rail of a railroad track.
The left and right rails 1 and the sleepers 2 are firmly connected to each other by a fastening member. However, when this fastening force is small and the roadbed longitudinal resistance force is also small, the braking of the traveling train, the starting load and the temperature change of the rail 1 are affected. The rail 1 may move in the longitudinal direction due to the expansion and contraction caused by it. This movement of the rail 1 in the longitudinal direction is generally called advancement. When the travel amount is large, it is necessary to carry out the operation of pulling back the rail 1 to an appropriate position, and each railway company measures the travel amount about twice a year.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 8, the reference amount 3 is installed outside the left and right rails 1, and a thread is stretched between the gauge points 32 of both reference devices 3 as shown in FIG. In addition, a reference point 5 is installed at a location corresponding to the reference line 4 of each of the left and right rails 1. An operator visually measures the distance between the reference point 5 installed on the rail 1 and the reference line 4 using a scale at the site. In the case of a long rail track, the reference points 5 of the rail 1 on the side that advances are installed at intervals of 150 m to 200 m in the immovable section.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above measurement of the amount of advancement is carried out by a worker entering the site and visually, and the inspection location is a huge one with 150 to 200 m intervals. And the measurement work must be performed between very short train travel time intervals during the day, and sometimes it is necessary to perform the measurement while crossing or moving on the track in the poor visibility section. Is always accompanied by the danger of a train trolley accident. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a moving displacement measuring device for rails that can measure the travel amount without entering the railway track. In addition, the travel amount measurement usually requires a large number of personnel, including train guards, of about six people, and a reduction in the required number of workers is also required. Furthermore, with respect to the accuracy of measurement, it is considered that an error during measurement is about ± 5 mm because it is a measurement by visual observation by an operator on site. Further, since the amount of advancement is measured using a yarn as a reference line 4, the reference line 4 is bent due to a strong wind or other measurement environment conditions, making measurement difficult or reducing the accuracy of measurement. There is a fear. There is also a demand for the development of a moving displacement measuring device that can maintain measurement accuracy without being affected by such measurement environment conditions.
[0005]
The present invention provides a long object moving displacement measuring method and an apparatus for carrying out this method, which solves the above-mentioned problems by measuring and inspecting the moving displacement of a long object to be moved and displaced based on a photographic image. It is.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Claim 1: An object-side target 34 is formed on a long object, a pair of non-moving targets 33 is provided in the vicinity of the long object, and a straight line connecting the indexes 35 formed on both the non-moving targets 33 is a reference line. 4, these photographic images are picked up, and a deviation amount with reference to the reference line 4 of the index 35 provided and formed on the object side target 34 is obtained by coordinate calculation processing on the photographic image to move the long object In the long object moving displacement measuring method for measuring the amount,
The fixed target 33 and the object side target 34 are provided with three or more indicators 35 in common at equal intervals,
A long object movement displacement measuring method in which three or more deviation amounts with respect to the reference line 4 of the index 35 of each object side target 34 are obtained and averaged to obtain a long object movement displacement amount. Configured.
And the second aspect of the present invention comprises an object-side target 34 formed on a long object and a stationary target 33 formed on each of a pair of reference devices fixed in the vicinity of the long object,
The fixed target 33 and the object side target 34 are provided with a plurality of three or more indicators 35 in common at equal intervals,
The index 35 of the stationary target 33 and the index 35 of the object side target 34 of the pair of reference devices are aligned and positioned in a straight line both in the horizontal direction and in the height direction,
A camera 6 for capturing a photographic image of the index 35 of the stationary target 33 of the pair of reference units and the index 35 of the object-side target 34;
A calculation including a CPU for obtaining a deviation amount of the index 35 of the object-side target 34 with reference to the reference line 4 connecting the indexes 35 formed and formed on the two immovable targets 33 in the photographic image. A processing device,
A long object moving displacement measuring device for measuring the moving displacement of a long object was constructed.
[0007]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the long object movement displacement amount measuring apparatus according to the second aspect, the long object movement displacement amount in which the number of indicators 35 to be formed on the stationary target 33 and the object side target 34 is three. A measuring device was constructed.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples. The embodiment of the present invention will also be described as an example of a long object that moves and displaces a rail of a railway track.
Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present invention relates to a stationary target 33 formed on both sides of a rail 1 of a railroad track, which is a long and moving object, and an object-side target 34 formed on the rail 1. The movement displacement amount is calculated by analyzing the mutual positional relationship between the stationary target 33 and the object side target 34.
[0009]
The stationary target 33 and the object side target 34 are provided with an index 35 for accurately determining the formation position on the photographed photograph. The shape of the index 35 is circular, and the center of the circle is recognized on the photograph so that the coordinate position of the index 35 can be read on the photograph as accurately as possible.
Only one object-side target 34 is formed for each rail 1 that is a long object, and in order to measure the amount of movement of the rail 1, immovable targets 33 are formed at two locations. In order to obtain the amount of movement, two or more indices 35 are assigned to each of the stationary target 33 and the object-side target 34. The actual length D between the indicators 35 is known, and the reference scale used when the length D between the indicators 35 of the object-side target 34 fixed to the rail 1, which is a moving long object, calculates the actual amount of movement. It becomes.
[0010]
In order to explain the outline, when the stationary target 33 is formed on both sides of the rail 1 on which the object side target 34 is formed, a line connecting the indexes 35 of the both stationary targets 33 with a straight line becomes the reference line 4, and the object side When the index 35 of the target 34 is aligned on the reference line 4, the movement amount of the rail 1 is assumed to be zero. For a photograph taken when the rail 1 is moved and displaced, the shortest distance between the reference line 4 and the index 35 of the object side target 34 fixed to the rail 1 is calculated from the coordinates on the photograph screen. The actual distance is converted according to the length, and the amount of movement of the rail 1 is obtained.
[0011]
Here, referring to FIG. 3, with respect to the number of indices 35 of one target 33 (34), when the index 35 is one point shown in FIG. However, since the reference scale D cannot be formed, the amount of movement cannot be obtained. When the index 35 is shown in FIG. 3B and has two points, only one reference scale D can be formed, and the movement amount can be obtained from this scale D. However, when these targets are not completely photographed from the front, a difference occurs in the ratio of the distance between the left and right indices 35 with respect to the reference line 4 of the photographic image. Since the scales are different and the shooting position is not set strictly, the amount of movement cannot be obtained accurately with reference to the reference line 4. In the case of the three points shown in FIG. 3C, unlike the case of the two points in FIG. 3B, the scale ratio of the left and right portions in the photographic image can be obtained from the length between the points. The influence of the difference in the shooting angle with respect to the reference line can be corrected. In other words, three or more indicators 35 are commonly formed at regular intervals on the stationary target 33 and the object-side target 34. A large number of indices can further reduce measurement errors caused by recognition work of the center coordinates of the indices, camera shake during shooting, blurring, lens distortion, and other causes.
[0012]
In order to determine the travel of the rail 1 of the railway, there are a total of four places: one object-side target 34 formed on each of the left and right rails and one fixed target 33 formed on the outside of the left and right rails 1. Are simultaneously photographed by the camera 6, and the photographed photograph image is arithmetically processed by an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU, whereby the movement amount and direction in the longitudinal direction of the rail 1 are calculated, and the advancement amount is obtained. Here, the direction of the reference line 4 can be freely set according to the method of forming the immovable target 33, and the moving amount of the moving object other than the rail 1 whose moving amount and moving direction are determined to some extent can thereby be set. The amount of displacement can be measured.
[0013]
The embodiment of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and FIG.
The reference device 3 used for measuring the amount of advancement is fixed to the installation location which is the fixed point by the pile 31 and maintains the fixed state. Reference numeral 32 denotes a mark. Three non-moving targets 33 are provided with circular indices 35 at intervals D. The interval D is set to a known equal interval, and the diameter of each index 35 is adjusted by the shooting distance. For example, if the shooting distance to the stationary target 33 is about 1000 mm, the diameter increases as the shooting distance increases.
[0014]
Two inspection devices 3, two immovable targets 33, and two object-side targets 34 are required for one inspection place. Far side reference device 3 _RE is in within 2000mm from the photographing position, is secured in the parallel surface of the outer to 1000mm only spaced apart from the reference device 3 _RE of the far side rails 1 _RE on the far side rail 1 _RE. The near side reference device 3 _NE is fixed with the surface of the near side reference device 3 _NE parallel to the near side rail 1 _RE with a distance of 1000 mm outside the near side rail 1 _NE . Between the far side reference device 3 _RE and the near side reference device 3 _NE , a reference line 4 perpendicular to the reference device surface is formed by tension. Then, the target 33 is attached and fixed to the side surfaces of the far-side rail 1 _RE and the near-side rail 1 _NE facing the camera 6 and the side surfaces facing the camera 6 of the far-side reference device 3 _RE and the near-side reference device 3 _NE . At this time, the targets 33 need to be arranged in a straight line in both the horizontal direction and the height direction. This formation state is defined as a state where the advance amount is zero.
[0015]
To describe how to shoot a target with reference to FIG. 1 (c), a shoot in which four targets 33 are clearly placed in a single photograph by the camera 6 from the side of the reference surface on which the target 33 is attached. do.
A method for analyzing the amount of advance will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a photographic image displayed on the display of the arithmetic processing unit, and FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the coordinates of the display screen of FIG. An XY coordinate system that expresses the vertical and horizontal lengths of the photographic image displayed on the display of the arithmetic processing unit with dots is assumed to be a center point that intersects the vertical and horizontal midpoints and is (0, 0).
[0016]
The coordinates (i to wo) of a total of 12 indices of each of the three indices 35 in the four targets 33 (34) in the photographic image are searched from the photograph, and the center of each of the indices 35 being photographed is the center. Is registered as the coordinate position of each index 35.
The advance amount is calculated based on the index coordinates of the registered index 35. Here, how to calculate the travel amount of the far-side rail 1 _RE will be described.
Of each index coordinate position, a linear expression that connects the corresponding index coordinate a and the index coordinate n on the far side reference unit 3 _RE and the near side reference unit 3 _NE , which becomes the reference line 4 corresponding to the advance amount of 0 mm. La , The linear expression Lb connecting the index coordinates b and the index coordinates le , A linear expression Lc connecting the index coordinates c and the index coordinates o Ask for.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 6, a linear approximation Ra is obtained from the index coordinates D, E, F on the rail 1 _RE by the least square method.
Straight line La , Lb , Lc And straight line Ra The coordinates of the intersection points are obtained, and the intersection point coordinates A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ are obtained. Straight line Ra closest to index coordinates d, e, h Let the upper coordinates be d ', ho', f '.
Straight line Ra The inter-coordinate distances between the coordinates A ₁ -coordinate d ', the coordinates A ₂ -coordinate e', and the coordinates A ₃ -coordinate f 'are obtained and are set as f ₁ , f ₂ , and f ₃ , respectively.
[0018]
The distances between the coordinates between the intersection coordinates A ₁ and the intersection coordinates A _{2 and} between the intersection coordinates A ₂ and the intersection coordinates A ₃ are indicated by da. , Db And
The actual distance between indexes is set to D, and the actual distances c ₁ , c ₂ , and c ₃ of f ₁ , f ₂ , and f ₃ are obtained as follows.
c ₁ = f ₁ × (D / da )
c ₂ = f ₂ × ((D / da ) + (D / db )) / 2
c ₃ = f ₃ × (D / db )
Further, the average value of these values is defined as the advance amount C.
[0019]
C = (c ₁ + c ₂ + c ₃ ) / 3
Similarly, the advance amount of the near rail is obtained. Here, if two fixed points are also installed on a moving object other than the rail and a target is similarly formed on the moving object, the amount of movement can be obtained. Even when a fixed point is installed as shown in FIG. 7, the amount of movement can be obtained by using the extension line of the fixed point as a reference line. Even when the fixed point can be set only on one side of the moving object, the moving amount can be measured. The moving object can be the ground, rock, and crack, and the amount and direction of movement can be measured.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to enter the measuring object such as the track or the ground, the rock, and the crack to carry out the forward measuring work, Advancing measurement work can be carried out by one person at a distance. In addition, the forward measurement work can be carried out in a short time compared to the conventional example, and it is not affected by the wind or other external environment, and is more accurate than the conventional example regardless of the measurement technique. Measurement can be carried out. Furthermore, since the photographed photo can be stored, the measurement result can be reconfirmed at a later date, which is useful for dealing with measurement errors.
Specifically, an object-side target 34 is formed on a long object, a pair of immovable targets 33 is provided in the vicinity of the long object, and a straight line connecting the indexes 35 formed on both immovable targets 33 is used as a reference. The photographic image is taken as a line 4, and a deviation amount with respect to the reference line 4 of the index 35 provided to the object-side target 34 is determined by coordinate calculation processing on the photographic image. In a long object moving displacement measuring method for measuring a moving amount and an apparatus for carrying out this method, three or more indicators 35 are commonly formed at equal intervals on the stationary target 33 and the object side target 34, A configuration was adopted in which a value obtained by obtaining three or more deviation amounts based on the reference line 4 of the index 35 of the object side target 34 and averaging them is used as the long object movement displacement amount. As described above, when the index is 3 points, unlike the case of 2 points, the ratio of the scale of the left and right parts in the photographic image can be obtained from the length between each point, and the influence of the difference in the shooting angle with respect to the reference line Can be corrected. A large number of indexes can further reduce measurement errors caused by recognition of the center coordinates of the indexes, camera shake during shooting, blurring, lens distortion, and other causes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a reference device.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the number of target indices.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a photographic image displayed on the display of the arithmetic processing unit.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing coordinates on a display screen.
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining how to obtain a linear approximation expression;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining measurement of a moving displacement amount of a general long object.
FIG. 8 illustrates a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 rail 1 'long object 1 _NE near side rail 1 _RE far side rail 2 sleeper 3 reference device 3 _NE near side reference device 3 _RE far side reference device 31 pile 32 32 gage 33 fixed target 33' fixed target pasting Part 34 Object side target 35 Index 4 Reference line 5 Reference point 6 Camera

Claims (3)

An object-side target is formed on a long object, a pair of non-moving targets is provided near the long object, and a straight line connecting the indexes formed on both non-moving targets is used as a reference line to capture these photographic images. A long object moving displacement measuring method for measuring a moving amount of a long object by calculating a displacement amount with reference to a reference line of an index formed on the object side target by performing coordinate arithmetic processing on a photographic image In
The fixed target and the object-side target are formed with three or more indices in common at equal intervals.
A long object movement displacement amount obtained by obtaining three or more deviation amounts with reference to the reference line of the index of each object side target and averaging them to obtain a long object movement displacement amount Measuring method. A stationary target formed on each of an object-side target formed on a long object and a pair of reference devices fixed in the vicinity of the long object is provided, and the stationary target and the object-side target include three or more A common index is formed at regular intervals,
The index and the index of the object side target immobile target of a pair of the datum line shape are arranged laterally positioned and height directions both,
A camera that captures a photographic image of an index of a stationary target of a pair of reference units and an index of an object side target;
An arithmetic processing unit including a CPU that obtains a deviation amount of an index of an object-side target on the basis of a reference line connecting the indices formed and formed on both immovable targets in a photographic image by performing coordinate arithmetic processing on the photographic image; ,
A long object moving displacement measuring apparatus for measuring a moving displacement of a long object. In the long object movement displacement measuring device according to claim 2,
3. A long-object moving displacement measuring apparatus characterized in that the number of indices provided and formed on a stationary target and an object-side target is set to 3.

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