JP3671217B2 - Ship - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ship for freight transportation. In particular, the present invention relates to a ship in which the structure of a ballast tank and a hold provided in the ship is improved.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A cargo ship such as iron ore is provided with a ballast tank in order to ensure navigation stability. When the cargo is loaded, the ballast tank is emptied. After the cargo is unloaded, the ballast tank is filled with water, and the buoyancy of the hull is adjusted to keep the hull stable. The amount of water to be filled is adjusted by the weight of the cargo.
[0003]
The replacement of the ballast water includes a sequential method and a flow-through (overflow) method. The sequential method is a method in which the ballast tank is once emptied and then the tank is filled with fresh seawater by using a pump or the like. The flow-through method is a method in which new seawater is fed from the bottom of the tank while the ballast tank is inflated, and the old ballast water stored is overflowed.
Ballast water replacement by these methods is performed on the open ocean because work in the near sea is regulated by marine pollution regulations.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned sequential method, depending on the state of the cargo, the strength of the ship may be insufficient, or once emptied, the hull may float and be dangerous in terms of stability. On the other hand, in the flow-through method, seawater that is about four times the capacity of the ballast tank is usually required, and the working time becomes longer. Or equipment, such as a pump, will enlarge and cost will increase.
[0005]
In addition, when the ballast tank is filled with water or liquid cargo is stored in the hold, the liquid surface may sloshing during navigation, and the stability of the hull may not be obtained. When the liquid is volatile, volatile components may volatilize from the liquid surface during navigation.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ship having a hold obtained by improving a ballast water replacement method for a ballast tank and a method for transporting liquid cargo.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To solve the above problems, a first aspect of the ship of the invention, Ru der comprise a partition plate movable in the hold.
Since one hold can be divided into multiple pieces by partition plates, the space in the hold can be used effectively. At this time, the size of the division part can be set by moving the partition plate according to the type and amount of the luggage. By making the space between the divided spaces liquid-tight, it is possible to avoid mixing different kinds of liquids.
In addition, if the partition plate is positioned in the direction to divide the hold up and down, and the liquid is filled in the lower division and the partition plate is brought into contact like a lid on the liquid level, sloshing of the liquid level can be prevented, and volatile components can be prevented. Volatilization can be suppressed.
[0008]
In this invention, since it has the guide post which guides the said partition plate, the movement of a partition plate becomes smooth.
[0009]
In the present invention, the hold is intended to be used as a ballast tank, a sealing member provided around the partition plate, Ru provided ballasting means at both ends of the moving direction of the partition plate.
In the case of a ballast tank, the ship departs in a state where seawater near the starting point is filled in one of the divided sections separated by a partition plate. Then, while draining the stored seawater on the open ocean, the partition plate is moved at the same time so that the open ocean water is put into the other divided portion, and the open ocean water is filled in the tank. According to this method, the seawater in the tank can be completely replaced. Furthermore, since the inside of the ballast tank is never emptied, the stability of the hull can be maintained. Further, the amount of water to be replaced is the minimum amount, and the equipment is not enlarged, and the working time can be shortened.
The first ship of the present invention has a movable partition plate 3 that divides the tank 1 into two vertically and a guide post 5 that guides the partition plate. A through hole 7 through which the guide post 5 passes is formed, and an inner wall of the through hole 7 and an outer peripheral surface of the guide post 5 are in liquid-tight and slidable contact with a seal member 9, and the partition plate The outer peripheral wall 3 and the tank 1 are also in fluid-tight and slidable contact with the seal member 11, and ballast pouring / draining means 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 on both sides in the moving direction of the partition plate 3. The ballast pouring / draining pipe (upper pipe 15) of the tank upper part 1T is connected to an extension pipe 17 extending into the tank, and its tip end is always regardless of the position of the partition plate 3. Is in contact with the upper surface of the partition plate 3, Alternatively, a flexible hose 53 or an elastic pipe 63 extending from the tank upper part 1T to the bottom of the tank 1 is provided, and the partition plate 3 is configured to have a quantity of seawater injected into the tank upper part 1T or the tank lower part 1B. It is characterized in that it is automatically pushed down or pushed up along the guide post 5 in accordance with the balance with the amount of seawater drained from the tank lower part 1B or the tank upper part 1T.
The second ship of the present invention has a movable partition plate 33 that divides the inside of the tank 31 into left and right parts, and a guide post 35 that guides the partition plate. A through-hole 37 through which the post 35 penetrates is opened, and the inner wall of the through-hole 37 and the outer peripheral surface of the guide post 35 are in fluid-tight and slidable contact with a seal member 39, and the partition plate 33 The outer peripheral wall and the tank 31 are also in fluid-tight and slidable contact with the seal member 41, and ballast pouring and draining means 43, 45, 47, 49 are provided on both sides in the moving direction of the partition plate 3. The partition plate 33 automatically moves to the left and right along the guide post 35 according to the balance between the amount of seawater injected into both sides of the tank 31 and the amount of seawater to be drained.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, it demonstrates, referring drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a ballast tank for a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of an example of a hull.
As shown in FIG. 2, the hull 151 of the cargo ship is provided with a hold 153 extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull. Further, a support structure (keel) 155 extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull is provided on the bottom of the ship. Side ballast tanks 157 are provided on both sides of the hold 153, and bottom ballast tanks 159 are provided on both sides of the support structure 155. Each ballast tank is divided into about 10 pieces in the longitudinal direction of the hull.
[0011]
As shown in FIG. 1, a moving partition plate 3 that divides the inside of the ballast tank 1 into two vertically is disposed inside the ballast tank 1. The moving partition plate 3 moves in the vertical direction along the guide post 5 extending vertically in the tank 1. The partition plate 3 is made of, for example, FEP, plastic, a hollow steel plate, or the like.
[0012]
A through hole 7 through which the guide post 5 passes is formed in the partition plate 3. The inner wall of the through hole 7 and the outer peripheral surface of the guide post 5 are in contact with a seal member 9 so as to be liquid-tight and slidable. Further, the outer peripheral wall of the partition plate 3 and the tank inner wall 1a are also in fluid-tight and slidable contact with the seal member 11.
[0013]
An upper pipe 15 provided with a valve 13 is connected to the vicinity of the upper end of the tank upper part 1T partitioned by the partition plate 3. The upper pipe 15 is connected to an extension pipe 17 that extends into the tank at a connection portion with the tank 1. The extension pipe 17 is, for example, a hose, and its tip end is always in contact with the upper surface of the partition plate 3 regardless of the position of the partition plate 3. Or, the tip of the extension pipe 17 may be provided with a float, and may float on the surface of seawater stored in the tank upper part 1T in a state where the port is submerged in the water surface.
A lower pipe 21 having a valve 19 is connected to the bottom surface 1b of the tank lower part 1B.
[0014]
Next, a seawater injection / replacement method for the ballast tank 1 will be described.
When injecting ballast water into the empty ballast tank 1, the valve 19 of the lower pipe 21 is opened, and a predetermined amount of seawater is injected into the tank lower part 1B through the lower pipe 21 by a pump (not shown). Zhangsui. At this time, the partition plate 3 comes into contact with the upper surface of the seawater that has entered the tank lower portion 1B, and is automatically pushed up along the guide post 5 by the injected seawater. And it sails to the open ocean in this state.
[0015]
When going out to the open ocean, the valve 19 of the lower pipe 21 is opened and the seawater in the tank lower part 1B is drained to the open ocean. At the same time, the valve 13 of the upper pipe 15 is opened, and seawater from the open ocean is injected into the tank upper part 1T through the upper pipe 15 and the extension pipe 17 by a pump (not shown). Then, the partition plate 3 is automatically pushed down along the guide post 3 according to the balance between the amount of seawater injected into the tank upper portion 1T and the amount of seawater drained from the tank lower portion 1B.
Then, the tank lower portion 1B is drained until it is completely emptied, and a predetermined amount of seawater is injected into the tank upper portion 1T to fill the tank. In this state, sail to the destination. In this state, the partition plate 3 is on the bottom surface 1 b of the tank 1.
[0016]
In addition, when draining the seawater charged in the tank upper part 1T, the water is drained from the upper pipe 15. In a state in which the tank upper portion 1T is filled with water, the tip end of the extension pipe 17 is located on the upper surface of the partition plate 3 on the bottom surface of the tank, and the seawater in the tank upper portion 1T passes from the extension pipe 17 to the upper pipe 15. Drained through.
[0017]
When the depth d of the seawater charged in the tank upper part 1T exceeds 10 m, suction with the above-mentioned pump becomes impossible. In such a case, the upper 1T is drained by any of the following methods.
(1) A pump 51 is attached to the tip of the extension pipe 17, and the pump 51 pumps up the upper 1 T of seawater and drains it from the upper pipe 15.
(2) A flexible hose 53 extending from the upper part 1T to the bottom of the tank 1 is provided. The hose 53 passes through the tank lower portion 1 </ b> B from the through hole 52 opened in the partition plate 3, and is connected to a lower pipe 57 provided with an opening / closing valve 55 at the bottom of the tank 1. When draining the upper part 1T, when the valve 55 is opened, the seawater in the upper part 1T passes through the hose 53 from the through hole 52 and is drained from the lower pipe 57 by gravity. Since the hose 53 has flexibility, even if the partition plate 3 is lowered, the hose 53 is folded and accommodated between the partition plate 3 and the bottom surface of the tank lower portion 1B.
[0018]
(3) providing the Shin compressible pipe 63 extending from the top 1T to the bottom of the tank 1. The elastic pipe 63 includes an upper pipe 59 and a lower pipe 61. An upper end of the upper pipe 59 is connected to the through hole 56 of the partition plate 3 by a rotary joint 57. The lower end of the lower pipe 61 is connected to a lower pipe 67 having a valve 67 by a rotary joint 64. When draining the upper part 1T, when the valve 65 is opened, the seawater in the upper part 1T passes through the stretchable pipe 63 from the through hole 56 and is drained from the lower pipe 67.
When the partition plate 3 is lowered, the upper end of the upper pipe 59 of the elastic pipe 63 is rotated by the rotary joint 57, and the lower end of the lower pipe 61 is rotated by the rotary joint 64. At the same time, the upper pipe 59 is lowered by the lower pipe 61. The length of the elastic piping 63 in the tank height direction is shortened by shrinking inward.
[0019]
According to this method, the stability of the hull can be maintained without emptying the ballast tank once when the ballast water is replaced on the open ocean. In addition, the amount of water to be replaced is the minimum amount (capacity of the entire tank), so that the equipment is not enlarged and the working time can be shortened.
[0020]
It should be noted that the position in the tank where the seawater is first introduced at the departure point may be the upper part of the tank. Compare the distance between the ballast water exchange point and the departure point, and the distance between the exchange point and the destination, and when sailing with the longer distance, if the ballast water is placed in the lower part of the tank, Can be shortened.
[0021]
Moreover, this tank can be used not only as a ballast tank but also as a hold for storing cargo. When used as a hold, two types of cargo can be loaded in a hold. Further, when the cargo is liquid, it is stored in the lower part of the tank, so that sloshing does not occur, and in a liquid containing volatile components, the cargo can be transported without volatilizing the volatile components.
[0022]
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the seal structure of the ballast tank of FIG.
The seal member is, for example, an annular rubber ring 23 that is fixed along the outer peripheral upper surface of the partition plate 3 . The width of the partition plate 3 is narrower than the width of the tank inner wall 1a, and the width of the rubber ring 23 is longer than the length D / 2 which is half of the difference D between the width of the tank inner wall 1a and the width of the partition plate 3 .
[0023]
When the partition plate 3 moves downward, the rubber ring 23 slides on the inner wall mainly at a corner 23a below the outer surface of the ring 23 while deforming upward along the tank inner wall 1a. When the partition plate 3 moves upward, the rubber ring 23 slides on the inner wall mainly at a corner 23b on the outer side surface of the ring while deforming downward along the tank inner wall 1a.
Thus, even if the partition plate 3 is moved in either direction of up and down, for a portion of the outer surface of the rubber ring 23 is in contact with the inner wall of the tank 1a, the upper and lower sections of the partition plate 3 is liquid-tight To be kept.
[0024]
Such a rubber ring can also be used for the seal member 9 between the post 5 and the partition plate 3. The sealing members 9 and 11 may be formed of a solid lubricant such as silicon resin, fluororesin, graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS ₂ ), or a film may be made of these materials.
[0025]
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a ship's hold according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In this example, a hold (tank) 31 is provided with a moving partition plate 33 that divides the interior into two parts on the left and right. The moving partition plate 33 moves in the left-right direction along the guide post 35 extending left and right in the tank 31 .
[0026]
The partition plate 33 has a through hole 37 through which the guide post 35 penetrates. And the inner wall of the through hole 37, the outer peripheral surface of the guide post 35 a liquid is tightly and slidably in contact with the sealing member 39. Further, the outer peripheral wall of the partition plate 33 and the hold are also in fluid-tight and slidable contact with the seal member 41.
[0027]
A left pipe 45 provided with a valve 43 is connected to the left portion 31 </ b> L partitioned by the partition plate 33. The right part 31 R, with a valve 47, the right pipe 49 is connected.
[0028]
Thus, even if the cargo hold is divided into left and right by the moving partition plate, the same effect as the tank of FIG. 1 can be obtained. In addition, it is preferable that the weight of the cargo stored by the left part 31L and the right part 31R is equal.
[0029]
In the above-described example, an example in which the number of partition plates is one is shown, but the number of partition plates may be plural.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a ship equipped with a ballast tank that maintains the stability of the hull during ballast water replacement, shortens the working time by minimizing the amount of water to be replaced. Further, it is possible to provide a ship equipped with a cargo hold in which the sloshing of the cargo liquid does not occur and the volatilization of the volatile component is suppressed during the transportation of the liquid containing the volatile component.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a ballast tank for a ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of an example of a hull.
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the seal structure of the ballast tank of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the structure of a ship hold according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ballast tank 3 Partition plate 5 Guide post 7 Through-hole 9 Seal member 11 Seal member 13 Valve 15 Upper piping 17 Extension piping 19 Valve 21 Lower piping 23 Rubber ring 31 Hangkura 33 Partition plate 35 Guide post 37 Through-hole 39 Seal member 41 Seal Member 43 Valve 45 Left piping 47 Valve 49 Right piping 51 Pump 52 Through hole 53 Hose 55 Valve 57 Rotary joint 59 Upper piping 61 Lower piping 63 Elastic piping 64 Rotary joint 65 Valve 67 Lower piping 151 Hull 153 Hull 155 Support structure Things (Kiel) 157 Side ballast tank 159 Bottom ballast tank

Claims (3)

A movable partition plate 3 that divides the inside of the hold 1 into two vertically and a guide post 5 that guides the partition plate ;
The partition plate 3 has a through hole 7 through which the guide post 5 passes,
The inner wall of the through-hole 7 and the outer peripheral surface of the guide post 5 are in liquid-tight and slidable contact with the seal member 9, and the seal member 11 is also provided between the outer peripheral wall of the partition plate 3 and the hold 1. Is liquid-tight and slidable.
Ballast pouring and draining means 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 are provided on both sides in the moving direction of the partition plate 3,
The ballast pouring / drainage pipe (upper pipe 15) of the upper part 1T of the hold is connected to an extension pipe 17 extending into the hold, and the tip end thereof is always on the upper surface of the partition 3 regardless of the position of the partition 3. Or a flexible hose 53 extending from the upper part 1T of the hold to the bottom of the hold 1 or a stretchable pipe 63 is provided.
The partition plate 3 automatically moves along the guide post 5 in accordance with the balance between the amount of seawater injected into the upper part 1T or the lower part 1B and the amount of seawater drained from the lower part 1B or the upper part 1T. A ship characterized by being pushed down or pushed up. The ship according to claim 1, wherein the partition plate 3 prevents sloshing on the upper surface of the ballast. It has a movable partition plate 33 that divides the inside of the hold 31 into left and right parts, and a guide post 35 that guides the partition plate,
The partition plate 33 has a through hole 37 through which the guide post 35 penetrates.
The inner wall of the through-hole 37 and the outer peripheral surface of the guide post 35 are in liquid-tight and slidable contact with a seal member 39, and the seal member 41 is also used between the outer peripheral wall of the partition plate 33 and the hold 31. It touches densely and slidably,
Ballast pouring and draining means 43, 45, 47, 49 are provided on both sides in the moving direction of the partition plate 3,
The partition plate 33 automatically moves to the left and right along the guide post 35 according to the balance between the amount of seawater injected into both sides of the hold 31 and the amount of seawater discharged.

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