JP3665252B2 - Braking device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a non-excitation operation type in which a braked rotating body is braked by a pair of friction members urged by a spring force of a braking spring when energization to the electromagnetic coil is cut off, or excitation in which an electromagnetic coil is energized. More particularly, the present invention relates to a braking device suitable for use in emergency, security, stopping, etc. brakes and elevator brakes that are mounted on a bogie frame of a railway vehicle separately from a service brake.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The brakes that are frequently used in normal driving operations of railway vehicles, so-called service brakes, are generally electric brakes that obtain braking force by converting driving energy into electric energy. The brake system for deceleration is such that when the energy decreases, the braking force disappears. In order to secure the braking force during stoppage, a friction brake device using a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator is separately installed. The above-mentioned friction brake device represented by a pneumatic disc brake device and a wheel road surface brake device is used as a regular brake, and an emergency brake and a regular brake device for emergency stop when an abnormal situation occurs It can also be used for a safety brake that brakes a vehicle in an emergency such as when a vehicle breaks down or when a power failure occurs, and a stationary brake that holds a vehicle that has been decelerated and stopped by a service brake.
[0003]
A disc brake device used as a safety brake device for such a railway vehicle generally adopts a lever-type structure, and by supplying air pressure to the brake cylinder, the brake disc is clamped by a pair of lining control members. A structure for braking is adopted (for example, JP-A-10-203365, JP-A-4-201672, etc.).
[0004]
Recently, a non-excited operation type disc brake device has been developed as a friction brake system driven by an actuator other than air pressure or hydraulic pressure. This type of brake device is a new type of friction brake in which when a normally excited coil is demagnetized, a friction material is pressed by a mechanical spring opposed to the coil.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned conventional disc brake device for railway vehicles requires an air compressor and an air reservoir, or a hydraulic pump and an accumulator, and various valves and pipes. Therefore, there is a problem that maintenance cannot be reduced and the system cannot be simplified. It was. In addition, since all of the conventional non-excited operation type disc brake devices employ a structure in which flat electromagnets are arranged to face each other, there is a problem that a large braking force and an operation stroke cannot be secured.
[0006]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems. The object of the present invention is to provide an airless braking system that can ensure a large braking force and an operating stroke and that can simplify maintenance. To provide an apparatus.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a pair of rotating arms opposed to each other with a braked rotating body sandwiched therebetween, and is attached to the pair of rotating arms, respectively, and clamps the braked rotating body during braking. A friction member and an actuator for opening and closing the pair of rotating arms, wherein at least one of the actuators is disposed on the same axis so as to be movable relative to the other in the axial direction. 2 members, a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in parallel on the outer periphery of the first member by rotating the polarity direction by 90 °, and the second member so as to surround the outer periphery of the permanent magnet. And a plurality of electromagnetic coils that are excited so that the same poles are generated on opposite end faces of adjacent coils.
[0008]
According to a second invention, in the first invention, the electromagnetic coil is energized with a phase shifted and sequentially excited.
[0009]
According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, a viscous fluid is sealed in the second member.
[0010]
According to a fourth invention, in the first, second or third invention, at least one of the first and second members is moved and held in the non-braking position when the electromagnetic coil is not excited. A braking spring for pressing the friction member against the braked rotating body is provided.
[0011]
In the present invention, when the electromagnetic coils are excited so that the opposing end surfaces of adjacent ones have the same polarity by energization, the first and second members are relatively moved in the axial direction by the magnetic action with the permanent magnet. In this case, the first and second members constitute a movable body that moves in a direction away from or approaching each other, or a movable body in which only one of them moves, and the other is fixed. May be.
[0012]
The operation of the non-excitation actuating brake device when the first and second members are both movable bodies will be described. In this case, the first member and one rotating arm are connected, and the second member and the other rotating arm are connected. In the energization excitation state of the electromagnetic coil, the first and second members are moved away from each other against the braking spring by the magnetic action of the electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnet and are held in the non-braking position. In this state, the pair of rotating arms are opened to separate the friction member from the braked rotating body and release the braking of the braked rotating body. When the energization of the electromagnetic coil is cut off, the first and second members are moved toward each other by the force of the braking spring and are held at the braking position. When the first and second members approach each other, the pair of rotating arms are swung in the closing direction to press the friction member against the braked rotating body. For this reason, the braked rotating body is braked by the friction member. Therefore, an airless, non-excited operation type braking device can be obtained.
[0013]
In the case of an excitation operation type braking device, the braked rotating body may be braked in the energized state of the coil, and the braking of the braked rotating body may be released when the energization is stopped. In that case, when switching from the braking state to the braking release state, if the energizing direction of the coil is reversed and the first and second members are moved and returned to the excited position by repulsive force, the braking spring is unnecessary.
[0014]
Further, when a plurality of permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils are arranged in parallel, a strong attractive force and repulsive force are generated between the permanent magnets and the electromagnetic coils when energized, so that the braking force by the braking spring can be increased. Further, when the electromagnetic coil is sequentially energized with the phase shifted, the brake can be gradually applied.
When only one of the first and second members is moved and the other is fixed, the movement of the member constituting the movable body is transmitted to the pair of rotating arms by an appropriate mechanism such as a link mechanism. What is necessary is just to comprise.
The braked rotating body may be either a brake disk or a brake drum fixed to a wheel or an axle.
[0015]
The viscous fluid moves in the second member when the first and second members move relative to each other. The sudden movement of the first member or the second member or any one of them is suppressed by the viscous resistance at this time. Therefore, it is suitable for use in a braking device that needs to gradually change jerk (the rate at which acceleration changes), for example, a braking device used in a railway vehicle.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a braking device according to the present invention applied to a drum brake device for a railway vehicle, showing a front view when the brake is released (during excitation), FIG. 2 is a sectional view when the brake is released, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a permanent magnet, FIGS. 5A and 5B are external perspective views and sectional views of electromagnetic coils, and FIGS. 6A and 6B are energized. It is a figure which shows the flow of the magnetic flux immediately after and in a braking state.
[0017]
In FIG. 1, a railway vehicle drum brake device 1 includes an electromagnetic linear actuator 2, a pair of left and right rotating arms 4A and 4B facing each other with a braked rotating body 3 such as a drum interposed therebetween, and these rotating arms. 4A and 4B, which are respectively attached to the rotation fulcrums, and are constituted by friction members 5, 5 and the like which are pressed against the outer periphery of the braked rotating body 3 when the linear actuator 2 is not excited. The braked rotating body 3 is attached to a protruding end portion of the rotating shaft 6 protruding from the motor housing 7. The base ends of the rotating arms 4A and 4B are pivotally supported by the support shaft 8, respectively, and the swinging ends are connected to the linear actuator 2, respectively. The linear actuator 2 is guided by the motor housing 7.
[0018]
2 to 5, the linear actuator 2 includes first and second members 10 and 11 which are arranged with their axes aligned and are movable in directions approaching and separating from each other, and the first and second members. The 13 permanent magnets 12 (12a to 12m) and the 6 electromagnetic coils 13 (13a to 13f) provided on the members 10 and 11 and the first and second members 10 and 11 are attached in opposite directions to each other. When the electromagnetic coil 13 is de-energized, it is provided with a braking spring 14 or the like that is held in the non-braking position close to each other as shown in FIG. 3. In this non-excited state, the rotating arms 4A and 4B are rotated in the closing direction. The braked rotating body 3 is braked by moving the friction members 5 and 5 against the outer periphery of the braked rotating body 3.
[0019]
The first member 10 is a movable shaft formed of a nonmagnetic material such as stainless steel, and is housed in the second member 11 with one end projecting outside, and both ends are second It is slidably supported by bearing holes 15 and 16 provided in the member 11. The protruding end portion 10a protruding outside from the bearing hole 15 is slidably connected to the swinging end of one rotating arm 4A. The bearing hole 15 is formed so as to penetrate one end of the second member 11. Further, a large diameter portion 17 located in the second member 11 is integrally provided near the projecting end portion 10a of the first member 10, and closer to the inner end 10b opposite to the projecting end portion 10a. The nut 19 is provided by being screwed into the male screw portion 18, and the permanent magnets 12 a to 12 m are closely attached to an outer peripheral portion between the nut 19 and the large diameter portion 17.
[0020]
The permanent magnets 12 a to 12 m are formed in a ring shape, and are arranged in parallel in the axial direction of the first member 10. The permanent magnets 12a to 12m all have the same outer diameter and inner diameter, but the polarity direction (the direction from the N pole to the S pole) includes the axis of the first member 10 (the X axis direction). The magnets are magnetized so as to rotate in order of 90 ° with respect to the orthogonal Z axis. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the leftmost magnet 12a is magnetized in the radial direction so that the inner circumference is N pole and the outer circumference is S pole. The second magnet 12b from the left end is S pole at the left end and N is at the right end. The third magnet 12c from the left end is magnetized in the radial direction so that the outer circumference is N pole and the inner circumference is S pole. In the present embodiment, the permanent magnets 12a to 12m are magnetized by rotating the magnets by 90 ° counterclockwise with respect to the Z axis. It may be magnetized by rotating it by °. And permanent magnet 12a, 12m of both ends is formed shorter than other magnets 12b-12l. The length of the permanent magnets 12a and 12m in the axial direction is 10 mm, and the length of the permanent magnets 12b to 12l in the axial direction is 20 mm.
[0021]
2 and 3, the second member 11 is formed into a cylindrical body having one end opened by four cylindrical members 11a to 11d made of a nonmagnetic material such as stainless steel. Constitutes a movable body that moves in the opposite direction. The first member 10 is movably accommodated and a viscous fluid 26 such as oil is enclosed therein. The four cylindrical members 11 a to 11 d are fitted with their axes aligned, and are integrally connected by a plurality of bolts 27. In order to prevent the viscous fluid 26 from leaking, seal members (not shown) are interposed between the joint surfaces of the cylindrical members 11a to 11d. Further, the bearing hole 15 of the leftmost cylindrical member 11a is liquid-tightly sealed by a seal member 28 in order to prevent the viscous fluid 26 from leaking. Further, the braking spring 14 is elastically mounted between the inside of the cylindrical member 11a and the large-diameter portion 17 of the first member 10, whereby the first member 10 is moved rightward in FIG. The second member 11 is urged to the left. The right end cylindrical member 11d forms a closed end of the second member 11, and is swingably connected to the swing end of the other rotation arm 4B. In addition, the bearing hole 16 that slidably supports the inner end 10b side of the first member 10 is formed in the cylindrical member 11d. The bearing hole 16 is a non-through hole, and a compression coil spring 29 functioning as an impact absorbing spring for biasing the first member 10 to the left is incorporated therein. The spring force of the compression coil spring 29 is set to be sufficiently smaller than that of the braking spring 14. Further, a stopper 30 that restricts the rightward movement of the first member 10 when the nut 19 hits is disposed at the opening of the bearing hole 16.
[0022]
The electromagnetic coils 13 a to 13 f are arranged in parallel in the axial direction on the inner periphery of the cylindrical member 11 c via a coil yoke 33 so as to surround the outer periphery of the permanent magnet 12. In addition, the electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f are excited so that the same poles are generated at the opposite end surfaces of the adjacent coils when energized. For this reason, the winding directions of the adjacent coils are alternately opposite to each other. And is connected in series (or in parallel) to a DC power source (not shown). In this case, excitation is performed so that the opposing end faces of the adjacent electromagnetic coils 13a and 13b, 13c and 13d, 13e and 13f are N poles, and the opposing end faces of the electromagnetic coils 13b and 13c and 13d and 13e are S poles. The electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f are assembled in the radial direction as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6A in the state where the linear actuator 2 is assembled and the nut 19 of the first member 10 is pressed against the stopper 30 by the braking spring 14. Are arranged in the second member 11 so as to face the permanent magnets 12c, 12e, 12g, 12i, 12k, and 12m, respectively.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 5, the coil yoke 33 is formed in a disc shape by the same material as the first yoke 31 formed in a cylindrical body having an inner flange 31a by a magnetic material such as a carbon steel material for mechanical structure. An annular groove 34 that accommodates the electromagnetic coil 13 by the second yoke 32, the inner periphery of the first yoke 31 and the inner flange 31a. Is forming. The length of the coil yoke 33 in the axial direction is 40 mm, the plate thickness is 10 mm, and the length of the electromagnetic coil 13 in the axial direction is 20 mm.
[0024]
Inside the second member 11, the open end side and the closed end side form chambers 36a and 36b in which the viscous fluid 26 is sealed, respectively. The chambers 36 a and 36 b communicate with each other through a magnetic gap formed between the permanent magnet 12 and the coil yoke 33.
[0025]
The railway vehicle drum brake device 1 having such a structure releases the braking of the braked rotating body 3 while the electromagnetic coil 13 is energized, and deenergizes the braked rotating body 3 when the energization is stopped. An actuating brake device is configured. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, at the time of non-excitation when the energization is stopped, no electromagnetic action occurs between the permanent magnet 12 and the electromagnetic coil 13, and the first member 10 is moved to the right by the spring force of the braking spring 14. The second member 11 is moved to the left and the nut 19 is in contact with the stopper 30. In this state, the pair of left and right rotating arms 4A and 4B, in which the first and second members 10 and 11 are connected to the swing end, rotate in the closing direction and the brake member 3 is moved by the friction member 5. The braked rotating body 3 is braked by the friction force.
[0026]
In a state where the braked rotating body 3 is braked by the friction member 5, the electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f face the permanent magnets 12c, 12e, 12g, 12i, 12k, and 12m that are magnetized in the radial direction as described above. The inner flange 31a and the second yoke 32 of the coil yoke 33 that accommodates the electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f are opposed to the permanent magnets 12b, 12d, 12f, 12h, 12j, and 12l magnetized in the axial direction.
[0027]
When energizing the electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f, as shown in FIG. 3, the opposing end faces of two adjacent electromagnetic coils 13a and 13b, 13c and 13d, 13e and 13f are N poles, and the electromagnetic coils 13b and 13c, 13d and 13e Each of the opposing end faces is excited so as to have an S pole. This polarity does not change in the non-excitation operation type.
[0028]
FIG. 6A shows the flow of magnetic flux immediately after energization for the three electromagnetic coils 13a, 13b, and 13c. As is clear from this figure, the magnetic flux φ1 of the leftmost electromagnetic coil 13a passes through the N pole of the coil yoke 33-the permanent magnet 12e-the permanent magnet 12d-the permanent magnet 12c-the S pole of the coil yoke 33 and passes through the inside of the yoke. Forms a closed loop through to the north pole. The magnetic flux φ2 of the second electromagnetic coil 13b from the left end passes through the N pole of the coil yoke 33—the permanent magnet 12e—the permanent magnet 12f—the permanent magnet 12g—the S pole of the coil yoke 33, and the N pole through the inside of the yoke. To form a closed loop. The magnetic flux φ3 of the third electromagnetic coil 13c from the left end passes through the N pole of the coil yoke 33-the permanent magnet 12i-the permanent magnet 12h-the permanent magnet 12g-the S pole of the coil yoke 33 and passes through the inside of the yoke. To form a closed loop.
[0029]
Here, the permanent magnets 12c, 12e, and 12g magnetized in the radial direction face the electromagnetic coils 13a, 13b, and 13c, respectively, and are offset in the axial direction from the N and S poles of the coil yoke 33. For this reason, when the electromagnetic coil 13a is excited, an attractive force indicated by an arrow 50 and a repulsive force indicated by an arrow 51 are generated between the permanent magnet 12c and the electromagnetic coil 13a. Similarly, the permanent magnets 12e and 12g and the electromagnetic coils 13b and 13c generate an attractive force and a repulsive force. Therefore, due to the attractive force and repulsive force generated between the permanent magnet 12 (12a to 12m) and the electromagnet 13 (13a to 13f), the permanent magnet 12 moves to the left as shown in FIG. 6B, and the electromagnetic coil 13 moves to the right. Move towards. As a result, the first member 10 and the second member 11 move to the left and right as shown in FIG. 2 against the brake spring 14 to open the pair of rotating arms 4A and 4B in the opening direction. The friction member 5 is moved away from the braked rotating body 3. The first and second members 10 and 11 move in directions opposite to each other, and the permanent magnets 12d, in which the electromagnetic coils 13a, 13b, 13c... Are magnetized in the axial direction as shown in FIG. .. Are opposed to the permanent magnets 12c, 12e, 12g... That are respectively magnetized in the radial direction, and the N and S poles of the yoke 33 and the permanent magnets 12c,. The distance between the opposing magnetic poles 12e, 12g, 12h,... Is the shortest, and the opposite poles are opposed to each other so that only the attractive force is present. It stops at, and the brake is released.
[0030]
As described above, the railway vehicle drum brake device 1 constitutes an airless, non-excitation actuated braking device, and therefore does not require an air compressor, valve, piping, etc., reducing maintenance and simplifying the system. Can be planned. Moreover, since the linear actuator 2 provided with the some permanent magnet 12 and the electromagnetic coil 13 which were arranged in parallel by the axial direction is used as an actuator, the 1st, 2nd members 10 and 11 are operated with a big thrust. Can do. Further, if a large thrust is obtained, the braking force by the braking spring 14 can be increased, so that safety during braking can be improved. In addition, by increasing the length of the permanent magnet 12 in the axial direction, a large operation stroke can be ensured.
[0031]
Further, switching from the state in which the energization to the electromagnetic coil 13 is stopped and the braking is released to the braking state, the first member 10 is moved to the right and the second member 11 is moved to the left by the force of the braking spring 14. When this occurs, the viscous fluid 26 moves from the other chamber 36 b to the one chamber 36 a through the magnetic gap between the permanent magnet 12 and the coil yoke 33. At this time, since the magnetic gap is narrow, the fluid resistance of the viscous fluid 26 is increased, and the rapid movement of the first and second members 10 and 11 is suppressed. Therefore, brake devices for railway vehicles that need to gradually change the jerk, such as emergency brakes for emergency stop when an abnormal situation occurs, vehicles in the event of an emergency, such as when a service brake device breaks down or a power failure occurs It is suitable for use as a safety brake that brakes a vehicle, a stationary brake that holds a vehicle that has been decelerated and stopped by a service brake, and the like. It can also be used as an elevator brake device.
[0032]
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a drum brake device has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can also be applied to a disc brake device.
Further, the present invention is not limited to the non-excitation operation type, and can also be used as an excitation operation type braking device that brakes the braked rotating body in the energized state of the coil and releases the braking of the braked rotating body when the energization is stopped. In that case, when switching from the braking state to the braking release state, a repulsive force is generated by reversing the energizing direction of the coil to move and return the first and second members to the excited positions, and then the energization is performed. If it stops, a braking spring is unnecessary.
[0033]
In the above embodiment, the first and second members 10 and 11 are both movable bodies, and the linear actuator 2 that moves in the opposite directions is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, An actuator in which only the first member 10 is a movable body and the second member 11 is fixed to the apparatus fixing portion may be used. In that case, the linear actuator 2 is disposed vertically with the first member 10 facing downward so that the axis passes through the center of the driven rotating body 3, and the lower end of the first member 10 is a pair of left and right rotating arms. When connected to the swing ends of 4A and 4B via a link mechanism or the like, both arms 4A and 4B can be opened and closed as the first member 10 moves up and down.
[0034]
The present invention can be variously modified and modified. For example, a fin is provided on the outer periphery of the second member 11 to enhance the heat dissipation effect, or the electromagnetic coils 13a to 13f are energized by sequentially shifting the phase. May be. When energized with the phases shifted sequentially, the thrust is reduced and the braking force can be adjusted, so that a sudden increase in braking torque is mitigated without requiring viscous fluid, and the braking device used for vehicles such as railway vehicles It is suitable as an actuator.
Furthermore, the brake spring 14 is not limited to a compression coil spring, and may be a tension coil spring or may be attached to the outside of the second member 11.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the braking device according to the present invention is the first actuator in which at least one of them is disposed on the same axis so as to be movable relative to the other in the axial direction as an actuator for opening and closing the pair of rotating arms. A second member, a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in parallel on the outer periphery of the first member by rotating the polar direction by 90 °, and the second member surrounding the outer periphery of the permanent magnet. Because a linear actuator consisting of a plurality of electromagnetic coils that are excited and are excited so that the same polarity is generated between the adjacent end surfaces of adjacent coils is used, a large braking force and operating stroke can be obtained, and the brake for a railway vehicle It is suitable for use in a brake device for a device or an elevator.
In addition, when energization excitation is performed by sequentially shifting the phase of the electromagnetic coil, the thrust is reduced and the braking force can be adjusted, so that a sudden increase in braking torque is mitigated without the need for viscous fluid. It is suitable as an actuator for a braking device used in a vehicle.
Furthermore, since the viscous fluid is enclosed in the 2nd member, this invention can suppress the rapid movement of the member which comprises a movable body.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view at the time of braking release (excitation) showing an embodiment in which a braking device according to the present invention is used in a railway vehicle drum brake device.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view when braking is released.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view during braking (non-excitation).
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a permanent magnet.
5A and 5B are an external perspective view and a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic coil.
6A and 6B are diagrams showing the flow of magnetic flux immediately after energization and in a braking state.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drum brake device, 2 ... Linear actuator, 3 ... Brake-rotating body, 4A, 4B ... Turning arm, 5 ... Friction member, 6 ... Support shaft, 10 ... 1st member, 11 ... 2nd member, 12 (12a to 12m) ... permanent magnet, 13 (13a to 13f) ... electromagnetic coil, 14 ... brake spring, 26 ... viscous fluid, 33 ... yoke for coil.

Claims (4)

A pair of rotating arms facing each other with the braked rotating body interposed therebetween;
A friction member attached to each of the pair of rotating arms and holding the braked rotating body during braking;
An actuator for opening and closing the pair of rotating arms,
The actuator is configured such that at least one of the actuators on the same axis is disposed so as to be relatively movable in the axial direction relative to the other, and the polar direction is 90 ° on the outer periphery of the first member. A plurality of permanent magnets that are rotated and arranged in parallel, and the second member is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the permanent magnet, and is excited so that the same polarity is generated at the opposing end surfaces of adjacent coils. A braking device comprising a plurality of electromagnetic coils. The braking device according to claim 1, wherein
A braking device characterized by energizing and sequentially energizing an electromagnetic coil with a phase shift. The braking device according to claim 1 or 2,
A braking device, wherein a viscous fluid is sealed in a second member. The braking device according to claim 1, 2, or 3,
A brake spring is provided, wherein at least one of the first and second members is moved and held in the non-braking position when the electromagnetic coil is not excited, and the friction member is pressed against the braked rotating body. Braking device to do.

Images