JP3663649B2

JP3663649B2 - Water heater

Info

Publication number: JP3663649B2
Application number: JP00025595A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 裕文河島; 良司松村
Original assignee: Panasonic Corp; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Current assignee: Panasonic Corp; Panasonic Holdings Corp
Priority date: 1995-01-05
Filing date: 1995-01-05
Publication date: 2005-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 2020-06-22
Also published as: JPH08189702A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、熱交換器で瞬間加熱された高温の湯を水で混合し、給湯器の能力に応じた多量の湯を得られる給湯器に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来のこの種の給湯器は図３に示すような構成になっていた。
【０００３】
水は水入口より水温センサ１を通り、その下流で２経路に分かれる。その一方の水通路Ｍの水は、水量センサ２を通り、熱交換器３で熱を吸収して、出湯センサ４を通る。他方のバイパス路Ｓの水は水通路Ｍからの湯と合流し、合流した混合水は給湯センサ５を通り、湯出口より放出される。ガスはガス入口より元電磁弁８、ガスの比例弁９を通り、燃焼用空気のファン１１によりバーナ１０で燃焼される。
【０００４】
給湯器の運転開始は、外部入力装置１６の運転スイッチ１７により入力され、設定温度は外部入力装置１６の温度スイッチ１８、１９、２０により入力される。水量センサ２により水量信号が入力されると、給湯器は燃焼を開始し、水温センサ１と水量センサ２と給湯センサ５と外部入力装置１７の信号により、設定温度になるようにガスの元電磁弁８、ガスの比例弁９、燃焼用空気のファン１１を駆動する。この場合、水通路Ｍの熱交換器３で加熱される湯はバイパス路Ｓを流れる水量に応じて出湯温度に対して高温の湯になる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような構成の給湯器においては、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量が測定できないために、水通路Ｍの水量センサ２の水量信号から水通路Ｍの水量を測定し、この水量にあらかじめ設定した一定の比率をかけてバイパス路Ｓを流れる水量を算出している。したがって、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量が、給湯器の水通路のばらつきによりあらかじめ設定した一定の比率からずれていると、設定温度になるために必要な燃焼量と実際の燃焼量がずれるために、給湯器の出湯温度特性が悪くなることがあった。
【０００６】
例えば図４に示すように、運転を停止してからの再出湯時において、後沸きＷまたは前冷えＤが大きくなり、シャワーなどの断続使用時の給湯特性が悪くなるという課題があった。
【０００７】
そこで、本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するために、水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得るために、バイパス路を流れる水量を正確に演算することを目的とする。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の給湯器の第１手段は、熱交換器と、給水温度を検知する水温センサおよび給水流量を検知する水量センサと、温水温度を検知する出湯センサと、水量センサより上流側の給水路と出湯センサより下流側の出湯路を通水接続したバイパス路と、このバイパス路との合流点よりも下流側の出湯路に設けて混合水温度を検知する給湯センサと、出湯路から混合水を出湯するときに前記給水温度、給水流量、温水温度、混合水温度の検知信号を受信し、バイパス路での通水流量を演算する水量演算手段を備えたものである。
【０００９】
本発明の給湯器の第２手段は、前記バイパス路に、バイパス路を開閉する開閉弁を備えたものである。
【００１０】
本発明の給湯器の第３手段は、前記バイパス路を複数個並列に備えたものである。
【００１１】
本発明の給湯器の第４手段は、前記バイパス路に、バイパス路の通水流量を比例制御する水量制御弁を備えたものである。
【００１２】
【作用】
本発明は上記した第１手段により、熱交換器で瞬間加熱した温水とバイパス路からの給水を混合した混合水を給湯するときに、水温センサが検知した給水温度、水量センサが検知した温水流量としての給水流量、出湯センサが検知した温水温度、給湯センサが検知した熱交換器からの温水とバイパス路からバイパスしてくる水の混合水温度の各検知信号を受信した水量演算手段は、これらの検知信号から給湯の熱量演算を行い、バイパス路の通水流量を算出する。
【００１３】
このようにして、熱交換器への給水をバーナで加熱して温水を供給する、加熱手段を有した出湯路と、加熱手段を備えないバイパス路との合成路での熱量演算によって、加熱手段を備えないバイパス路での実際の通水流量を、水量センサがなくても求めることができる。
【００１４】
次に、第２手段によれば、多量の湯を給湯したいときに開閉弁を開き、熱交換器での加熱量を調節して混合水温度を制御すればよく、バイパス路の通水流量を検知する水量センサがなくても設定温度を達成できる。
【００１５】
次に、第３手段によれば、短時間に間欠して給湯使用するとき、給湯停止後から再給湯までの休止時間の長短によって、熱交換器内の湯の後沸き温度が変化するので、出湯センサで検知して通水すべきバイパス流量を水量演算手段で計算し、必要な個数の開閉弁を開いて給湯温度を設定温度に近づけることができる。
【００１６】
次に、第４手段によれば、バイパス路の通水流量を水量制御弁によって比例制御できるから、第３手段によるよりも更に設定温度に近づけることができる。
【００１７】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づき説明する。
【００１８】
図１は第１の実施例を示し、水は水入口より水温センサ１を通り、その下流で２経路に分かれる。その一方の水通路Ｍの水は、水量センサ２を通り、熱交換器３で熱を吸収して、出湯センサ４を通る。他方のバイパス路Ｓの水は水通路Ｍからの湯と合流し、合流した混合水は給湯センサ５を通り、湯出口より放出される。ガスはガス入口より元電磁弁８、ガスの比例弁９を通り、燃焼用空気のファン１１によりバーナ１０で燃焼される。
【００１９】
給湯器の運転開始は、外部入力装置１６の運転スイッチ１７により入力され、設定温度は外部入力装置１６の温度スイッチ１８、１９、２０により入力される。水量センサ２により水量信号が入力されると、給湯器は燃焼を開始し、水温センサ１と水量センサ２と給湯センサ５と外部入力装置１７の信号により、設定温度になるようにガスの元電磁弁８、ガスの比例弁９、燃焼用空気のファン１１を駆動する。この場合、水通路Ｍの水量センサ２の水量信号から水通路Ｍの水量を測定し、この水量にあらかじめ設定した一定の比率をかけてバイパス路Ｓを流れる水量を算出し、設定温度になるように燃焼量を決定する。
【００２０】
設定温度になれば、水温センサ１と水量センサ２と出湯センサ４と給湯センサ５の信号により、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量を算出する。入水温度ｔ₀、熱交換器３の水量ｌ₁、熱交換器３の出湯温度ｔ₁、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量ｌ₂、熱交換器３からの温水とバイパス路Ｓからの水の混合水温度ｔ₂とすれば、
（ｌ₁＋ｌ₂）ｔ₂＝ｌ₂ｔ₀＋ｌ₁ｔ₁
であり、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量ｌ₂は次式で求められる。
【００２１】
ｌ₂＝ｌ₁（ｔ₁−ｔ₂）／（ｔ₂−ｔ₀）
したがって、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量の比率αは、
α＝ｌ₂／ｌ₁
となる。
【００２２】
水量検出装置２の水量信号により、給湯器が燃焼を停止し、再度燃焼を開始するときには、設定温度ｔ_Sとして設定温度になるために必要な燃焼量Ｑは、
Ｑ＝（ｔ_S−ｔ₀）×〔ｌ₁×（１＋α）〕
で算出される。
【００２３】
バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量の比率αは器具ごとに算出されるものであり、バイパス路Ｓに水量センサがなくてもバイパス路Ｓの水量を正確に算出できるので、給湯器の水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得ることができる。
【００２４】
本発明の第２の実施例（図示はしていない）は、バイパス路Ｓにバイパス路Ｓを開閉する開閉弁を備えたものである。この開閉弁により、シャワーなどを使用する設定温度ではバイパス路Ｓを「開」として多量の湯を出湯し、高温の設定ではバイパス路Ｓを「閉」として高温湯を出湯できる。この開閉弁を備えたバイパス路Ｓを流れる水量の比率αは第１の実施例と同様に算出でき、給湯器の水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得ることができる。
【００２５】
本発明の第３の実施例は、図２に示すように、２本の並列なバイパス路Ｓ₁、Ｓ₂に、バイパス路Ｓ₁、Ｓ₂を開閉する開閉弁６、７を備えたものである。運転停止後の所定時間内に再運転する時に、熱交換器３内の湯の温度に応じて、複数の通路径の異なるバイパス路Ｓ₁、Ｓ₂の開閉弁６、７を効果的に順次開弁することにより、図４に示すような熱交換器の高温の湯による後沸きと熱交換器３の温の温度降下による前冷えの影響を小さくできることが知られている。このような制御を行う場合においても、各々のバイパス路Ｓ₁、Ｓ₂を流れる水量の比率は第１の実施例と同様に算出でき、給湯器の水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得ることができる。
【００２６】
本発明の第４の実施例（図示はしていない）は、バイパス路Ｓに、バイパス路Ｓの通水流量を制御する水量制御弁を備えたものである。運転停止後の所定時間内に再運転する時に、熱交換器３内の湯の温度に応じて、バイパス路Ｓの通水流量を水量制御弁により効果的に制御することにより、図４に示すような熱交換器３の高温の湯による後沸きと熱交換器３の温の温度降下による前冷えの影響を小さくできることが知られている。このような制御を行う場合においても、バイパス路Ｓを流れる水量の比率は第１の実施例と同様に算出でき、給湯器の水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得ることができる。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の給湯器の請求項１では、熱交換器への給水をバーナで加熱して温水を供給する、加熱手段を有した出湯路と、加熱手段を備えないバイパス路との合成路での熱量演算によって、加熱手段を備えないバイパス路での実際の通水流量を、水量センサがなくても求めることができるので、給湯器の水通路のばらつきに関係なく、同レベルの出湯温度特性を得ることができるという効果を有する。
【００２８】
また、請求項２では、開閉弁を開いてバイパス路から混合用の給水を流し、水量センサをバイパス路に備えなくても、熱交換器での加熱量を調節して混合水温度を正確に制御しながら、多量の給湯ができる。
【００２９】
また、請求項３では、短時間に間欠給湯使用して後沸き温度が変化しても、出湯センサで検知してバイパス流量を水量演算手段で計算し、必要な個数の開閉弁を開いて給湯温度を設定温度に近づけることができる。
【００３０】
また、請求項４では、バイパス路の通水流量を水量制御弁によって比例制御できるから、請求項３によるよりも更に設定温度に近づけることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１の実施例を示す給湯器の構成図
【図２】本発明の第３の実施例を示す給湯器の構成図
【図３】従来の給湯器の構成図
【図４】給湯特性図
【符号の説明】
１水温センサ
２水量センサ
３熱交換器
４出湯センサ
５給湯センサ
１０バーナ
１３水量演算手段
Ｋ、Ｍ、Ｎ、Ｓ水通路[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a water heater that mixes hot water instantaneously heated by a heat exchanger with water to obtain a large amount of hot water according to the capacity of the water heater.
[0002]
[Prior art]
This type of conventional water heater is configured as shown in FIG.
[0003]
Water passes through the water temperature sensor 1 from the water inlet and is divided into two paths downstream thereof. The water in one of the water passages M passes through the water amount sensor 2, absorbs heat by the heat exchanger 3, and passes through the hot water sensor 4. The water in the other bypass passage S joins the hot water from the water passage M, and the mixed water that has joined passes through the hot water supply sensor 5 and is discharged from the hot water outlet. The gas passes through the original solenoid valve 8 and the gas proportional valve 9 from the gas inlet, and is burned by the burner 10 by the combustion air fan 11.
[0004]
The operation start of the water heater is input by the operation switch 17 of the external input device 16, and the set temperature is input by the temperature switches 18, 19, 20 of the external input device 16. When the water amount signal is input by the water amount sensor 2, the water heater starts to combust, and the source electromagnetic signal of the gas is set so as to reach the set temperature by the signals of the water temperature sensor 1, the water amount sensor 2, the hot water sensor 5 and the external input device 17. The valve 8, the gas proportional valve 9, and the combustion air fan 11 are driven. In this case, hot water heated by the heat exchanger 3 in the water passage M becomes hot water with respect to the hot water temperature according to the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the water heater having such a configuration, since the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S cannot be measured, the amount of water in the water passage M is measured from the water amount signal of the water amount sensor 2 of the water passage M, and this water amount is set to a predetermined value. The amount of water flowing through the bypass S is calculated by multiplying the ratio. Therefore, if the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S deviates from a predetermined ratio set in advance due to variations in the water passages of the water heater, the amount of combustion necessary to reach the set temperature deviates from the actual amount of combustion. The hot water temperature characteristics of the water heater sometimes deteriorated.
[0006]
For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the hot water is discharged again after the operation is stopped, the post-boiling W or the pre-cooling D becomes large, and there is a problem that the hot water supply characteristic at the time of intermittent use such as a shower is deteriorated.
[0007]
Therefore, in order to solve the above-described conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to accurately calculate the amount of water flowing through a bypass passage in order to obtain the same level of hot water temperature characteristics regardless of variations in water passages.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the first means of the water heater of the present invention includes a heat exchanger, a water temperature sensor that detects a feed water temperature, a water amount sensor that detects a feed water flow rate, a hot water sensor that detects a hot water temperature, Hot water supply that detects the temperature of the mixed water by providing it in the water supply path upstream of the water volume sensor and the bypass path that connects the hot water supply path downstream of the hot water sensor and the hot water supply path downstream of the junction with this bypass path. A sensor and a water amount calculating means for receiving a detection signal of the feed water temperature, feed water flow rate, hot water temperature, mixed water temperature when the mixed water is discharged from the tap water passage and calculating the water flow rate in the bypass passage It is.
[0009]
The 2nd means of the water heater of this invention equips the said bypass path with the on-off valve which opens and closes a bypass path.
[0010]
The third means of the water heater according to the present invention comprises a plurality of the bypass paths in parallel.
[0011]
The 4th means of the water heater of this invention equips the said bypass path with the water quantity control valve which controls proportionally the water flow rate of a bypass path.
[0012]
[Action]
In the present invention, when supplying the mixed water obtained by mixing the hot water instantaneously heated by the heat exchanger and the feed water from the bypass passage, the water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor and the hot water flow rate detected by the water amount sensor are provided. The water amount calculation means that has received the detection signals of the feed water flow rate, the hot water temperature detected by the hot water sensor, the hot water from the heat exchanger detected by the hot water sensor and the mixed water temperature bypassed from the bypass path, From the detection signal, the calorific value of the hot water supply is calculated, and the water flow rate of the bypass passage is calculated.
[0013]
In this way, the heating means is calculated by calculating the amount of heat in the combined path of the hot water supply path having the heating means and the bypass path not provided with the heating means, which supplies the hot water by heating the water supply to the heat exchanger. It is possible to obtain the actual water flow rate in a bypass passage not provided with a water amount sensor without a water amount sensor.
[0014]
Next, according to the second means, when it is desired to supply a large amount of hot water, the on-off valve is opened, the amount of heating in the heat exchanger is adjusted to control the temperature of the mixed water, and the water flow rate of the bypass passage is controlled. The set temperature can be achieved without a water volume sensor to detect.
[0015]
Next, according to the third means, when using hot water intermittently for a short time, the hot water boiling temperature in the heat exchanger changes depending on the length of the downtime from the hot water supply stop to the re-hot water supply. The bypass flow rate that should be detected and passed through the hot water sensor is calculated by the water amount calculation means, and the required number of on-off valves can be opened to bring the hot water supply temperature closer to the set temperature.
[0016]
Next, according to the fourth means, since the water flow rate of the bypass passage can be proportionally controlled by the water amount control valve, it can be brought closer to the set temperature than by the third means.
[0017]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment in which water passes through a water temperature sensor 1 from a water inlet and is divided into two paths downstream thereof. The water in one of the water passages M passes through the water amount sensor 2, absorbs heat by the heat exchanger 3, and passes through the hot water sensor 4. The water in the other bypass passage S joins the hot water from the water passage M, and the mixed water that has joined passes through the hot water supply sensor 5 and is discharged from the hot water outlet. The gas passes through the original solenoid valve 8 and the gas proportional valve 9 from the gas inlet, and is burned by the burner 10 by the combustion air fan 11.
[0019]
The operation start of the water heater is input by the operation switch 17 of the external input device 16, and the set temperature is input by the temperature switches 18, 19, 20 of the external input device 16. When the water amount signal is input by the water amount sensor 2, the water heater starts to combust, and the source electromagnetic signal of the gas is set so as to reach the set temperature by the signals of the water temperature sensor 1, the water amount sensor 2, the hot water sensor 5 and the external input device 17. The valve 8, the gas proportional valve 9, and the combustion air fan 11 are driven. In this case, the amount of water in the water passage M is measured from the water amount signal of the water amount sensor 2 in the water passage M, the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S is calculated by multiplying this amount of water by a predetermined ratio, so that the set temperature is reached. Determine the amount of combustion.
[0020]
When the set temperature is reached, the amount of water flowing through the bypass S is calculated based on signals from the water temperature sensor 1, the water amount sensor 2, the hot water sensor 4, and the hot water supply sensor 5. Incoming water temperature t ₀ , amount of water l ₁ of heat exchanger 3, tapping temperature t _{1 of} heat exchanger 3, amount of water l ₂ flowing through bypass path S, mixed water of warm water from heat exchanger 3 and water from bypass path S If the temperature is t ₂ ,
(L ₁ + l ₂ ) t ₂ = l ₂ t ₀ + l ₁ t ₁
And the amount of water l ₂ flowing through the bypass S is obtained by the following equation.
[0021]
l ₂ = l ₁ (t ₁ −t ₂ ) / (t ₂ −t ₀ )
Therefore, the ratio α of the amount of water flowing through the bypass S is
α = l ₂ / l ₁
It becomes.
[0022]
When the water heater stops combustion by the water amount signal of the water amount detection device 2 and starts combustion again, the combustion amount Q required to reach the set temperature as the set temperature t _S is:
Q = (t _S −t ₀ ) × [l ₁ × (1 + α)]
Is calculated by
[0023]
The ratio α of the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S is calculated for each appliance, and even if there is no water amount sensor in the bypass passage S, the amount of water in the bypass passage S can be accurately calculated. Regardless, the same level of hot water temperature characteristics can be obtained.
[0024]
In the second embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, an on-off valve for opening and closing the bypass passage S is provided in the bypass passage S. With this on-off valve, a large amount of hot water can be discharged by setting the bypass passage S to “open” at a set temperature using a shower or the like, and high temperature hot water can be discharged by setting the bypass passage S to “closed” at a high temperature setting. The ratio α of the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S provided with this on-off valve can be calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the same level of hot water temperature characteristics can be obtained regardless of variations in the water passages of the water heater.
[0025]
In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, two parallel bypass passages S ₁ and S ₂ are provided with on-off valves 6 and 7 for opening and closing the bypass passages S ₁ and S _2. It is. When the engine is restarted within a predetermined time after the operation is stopped, a plurality of on-off valves 6 and 7 of the bypass passages S ₁ and S _{2 having} different passage diameters are effectively sequentially arranged according to the temperature of hot water in the heat exchanger 3. It is known that by opening the valve, it is possible to reduce the influence of pre-boiling due to the hot boiling of the heat exchanger as shown in FIG. 4 and the temperature drop of the temperature of the heat exchanger 3. Even in the case where such control is performed, the ratio of the amount of water flowing through each of the bypass passages S ₁ and S ₂ can be calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the same level regardless of variations in the water passages of the water heater. Hot water temperature characteristics can be obtained.
[0026]
In the fourth embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, the bypass passage S is provided with a water amount control valve for controlling the water flow rate of the bypass passage S. When the operation is restarted within a predetermined time after the operation is stopped, the water flow rate in the bypass passage S is effectively controlled by the water amount control valve in accordance with the temperature of the hot water in the heat exchanger 3, as shown in FIG. It is known that the influence of the pre-cooling due to the subsequent boiling of the heat exchanger 3 with hot water and the temperature drop of the heat exchanger 3 can be reduced. Even when such control is performed, the ratio of the amount of water flowing through the bypass passage S can be calculated in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the same level of tapping temperature characteristics can be obtained regardless of variations in the water passages of the water heater. Can do.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in claim 1 of the hot water supply apparatus of the present invention, the hot water supply path having the heating means for supplying the hot water by heating the water supply to the heat exchanger with the burner, and the bypass path not including the heating means, The actual water flow rate in the bypass passage without the heating means can be obtained without the water amount sensor by calculating the amount of heat in the combined passage of the same level. It has the effect that the hot water temperature characteristic of can be obtained.
[0028]
Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the mixing water temperature can be accurately adjusted by adjusting the heating amount in the heat exchanger without opening the on-off valve and allowing the water supply for mixing to flow from the bypass passage and providing the water amount sensor in the bypass passage. A large amount of hot water can be supplied while controlling.
[0029]
Further, in claim 3, even if intermittent hot water supply is used for a short time and the post-boiling temperature changes, the hot water sensor detects the bypass flow rate and calculates the bypass flow rate by the water amount calculation means, and opens the required number of on-off valves to supply hot water. The temperature can be brought close to the set temperature.
[0030]
Further, according to the fourth aspect, since the water flow rate of the bypass passage can be proportionally controlled by the water amount control valve, it can be made closer to the set temperature than that according to the third aspect.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a water heater showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a water heater showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional water heater. Fig. 4 Characteristics of hot water supply [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water temperature sensor 2 Water quantity sensor 3 Heat exchanger 4 Hot water sensor 5 Hot water supply sensor 10 Burner 13 Water quantity calculating means K, M, N, S Water passage

Claims

A heat exchanger that heats the feed water to warm water with a burner, a water temperature sensor that detects the feed water temperature provided in the feed channel, a water amount sensor that detects the feed water flow rate, a hot water sensor that detects the warm water temperature provided in the outlet channel, A bypass passage in which a water supply path upstream of the water amount sensor and a hot water supply path downstream of the hot water sensor communicate with each other, and a hot water supply sensor for detecting the mixed water temperature provided in the hot water outlet downstream of the junction with the bypass path; And a water amount calculating means for receiving a detection signal of the feed water temperature, feed water flow rate, hot water temperature, and mixed water temperature when the mixed water is discharged from the tap water passage, and calculating the flow rate of water flow through the bypass passage. Water heater.

The water heater according to claim 1, further comprising an opening / closing valve for opening and closing the bypass path in the bypass path.

The water heater according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of bypass passages are provided in parallel.

The water heater according to claim 1, wherein the bypass passage is provided with a water amount control valve for proportionally controlling a water flow rate of the bypass passage.