JP3649491B2 - Batteries with explosion-proof function - Google Patents

Batteries with explosion-proof function Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3649491B2
JP3649491B2 JP29274395A JP29274395A JP3649491B2 JP 3649491 B2 JP3649491 B2 JP 3649491B2 JP 29274395 A JP29274395 A JP 29274395A JP 29274395 A JP29274395 A JP 29274395A JP 3649491 B2 JP3649491 B2 JP 3649491B2
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Prior art keywords
plate
battery
intermediate pressure
terminal plate
internal terminal
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JP29274395A
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JPH09134715A (en
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正典 中西
龍也 山崎
吉郎 原田
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FDK Corp
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FDK Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本願発明は、防爆機能を有する電池に関し、特に、リチウムイオン二次電池などの充放電可能な電池を対象とした技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、リチウムイオン二次電池の防爆機能としては、例えば、特開平2−288063号公報に示されるように、電池内部の温度上昇を初期の内に抑えて電池の発火を防止するとともに電池内部の圧力が上昇するとガス抜きを行い、電池の爆発を防止するようにしたものが公知となっている。このような電池の封口構造は、図2の要部断面図に示すように、円筒状の電池ケース21と、この電池ケース21内に収装された電極群26と、電池ケース21の開口端21aに封口ガスケット22を介して取り付けられるとともにガス抜き孔20が形成されてなる端子板25と、電極群26に一端側が取り付けられ他端側が防爆機構を介して端子板25と電気的に接続されてなるリード28とから構成されている。
【0003】
防爆機構は、端子板25の下方に配設された金属製の封口板23と、この封口板23の下方に配設されたリードストリッパ24と、封口板23とリードストリッパ24との間に嵌入された中間嵌合体30とから主に構成されている。封口板23は、円板形状をなすとともに中心部には下方に突出した突部23aが形成され、上面にはこの突部23aの付け根部分近傍から放射状に広がる薄肉部23bが形成されて、端子板25とともにガスケット22を介して電池ケース21の上端部21aにかしめられて固定されている。また、リードストリッパ24は絶縁性材料で形成されて円板形状をなし、その中心部には封口板23の突部23aが挿通される挿通孔24aが形成されている。そして、中間嵌合体30は絶縁性材料で形成されて円板形状をなし、ストリッパ24と封口板23との間に凹凸嵌合されて一体的に結合されている。そして、電極群26に一端側が取り付けられたリード28は、その他端側がリードストリッパ24の下面と挿通孔24aから下方に臨む突部23aの下面とに渡って超音波溶接で接続され突部23aの下面を越えて延出されている。
【0004】
このような防爆機構では、感圧遮断機能として、例えば過充電や短絡状態が進んで電池内部の化学変化によりガスが発生・充満して電池内圧が上昇すると、封口板23は端子板25の方に押圧されて上方に変形し、突部23aの下面に溶接されていたリード28がその溶接部分において封口板23から剥離して電流が遮断される。
【0005】
さらに電池内圧が上昇すると封口板23が上方に膨出し、設定圧力以上になると薄肉部23bが破断し、外部端子板のガス抜き穴からガスが安全に放出される。これが内圧開放機能である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えば充電時に過充電状態になる等して電池内圧が上昇すると、前述したように、封口板23が上方に変形し、突部23aとリード28の溶接部分が剥離し、電池内部の導電経路が遮断される。この状態で、さらに電池内圧が上昇して前記内圧解放機能が作動することにより電池内圧が低下すると、上方に移動した封口板23の突部23aが元の位置に戻ってリード28と接続し、再び導通してしまう可能性がある、といった問題があった。
【0007】
また、電池内圧が非常にゆっくり上昇すると、封口板23が上方へ移動して前記剥離が生じて電流を遮断できても外部振動などが原因で封口板23とリード28とがその溶接部分で再度接触して電流が流れたり再度電流遮断したりするハンチング状態を起こすという問題も考えられる。
【0008】
前述したように内圧解放機能が働いた状態で電池内部の導電経路が再導通したり、ハンチング状態になったりすると、金属リチウムが溶解の起こりにくい針状に析出、即ちデンドライトが発生してしまうことも考えられる。
【0009】
本願発明は前述したような問題を鑑みてなされ、その目的は、電流遮断状態を確実に維持でき、信頼性の向上した防爆機能を有する電池を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成するため本願発明の防爆機能を有する電池は、有底筒形の金属製電池ケースと、この電池ケースに収納された発電要素と、この発電要素の一方の電極に接続されたリードと、前記リードと電気的に接続されるとともに絶縁性の外側ガスケットを介して前記電池ケースの開口部に装着されて前記開口部を塞ぐ蓋要素とからなる電池において、前記蓋要素は、ガス抜き穴が形成された金属製の内部端子板と、破断しやすい可撓性の金属板からなる中間感圧板と、前記中間感圧板の上方にこれと電気的に接続した状態で積層されてなるガス抜き穴が形成された金属製の外部端子板とを有し、前記リードの先端が前記内部端子板の下面に接続され、前記内部端子板の上方には前記中間感圧板が積層されて両部材は前記中間感圧板の中央部分で局部的に固着されることでその固着部分でのみ電気的に接続されるとともにこれら両部材の間には弾性部材が圧縮された状態で介装され、前記中間感圧板と前記内部端子板間の接続が遮断された時に前記弾性部材は弾性復帰してその肉厚が増大し前記中間感圧板と前記内部端子板間の再接続を防止してなる。
【0011】
好ましくは、前記中間感圧板と前記内部端子板との間には絶縁リングが挟み込まれ、前記中間感圧板は正温度係数抵抗素子を介して前記外部端子板に電気的に接続されており、前記内部端子板、前記絶縁リング、前記弾性部材、前記中間感圧板、前記正温度係数抵抗素子および前記外部端子板の積層物の全体が内側ガスケットを介してかしめリングの内周にはめ込まれてかしめ付けにより一体化されてなる。
【0012】
また、前記弾性部材は、シート状の弾性体、あるいはスプリング状または板状のばねであって、天然ゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、シリコンゴム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、または四フッ化エチレンからなる群の中から少なくとも一つ選ばれた材質からなることが好ましい。
【0013】
さらに、前記弾性部材は、表面の少なくとも一部が絶縁処理されたスプリング状または板状の金属からなるばねであって、前記金属は鉄、ステンレス、ニッケル、またはチタンのうち少なくとも一種からなることが好ましい。
【0014】
前述したような本願発明の防爆機能を有する電池にあっては、中間感圧板と内部端子板との間に弾性部材を圧縮状態で挾持した構成としたので、電池内圧が上昇して中間感圧板の中央部が上方に移動して溶接点が剥離し、電池内部の導電経路が遮断された場合には、弾性部材はその圧縮状態が開放されるためその弾性部材は弾性復帰してその肉厚が増大する。このことにより中間感圧板の中央部を内部端子板の上面から離間した状態を維持する。したがって、電池内圧が低下しても中間感圧板と内部端子板とが再び接触して導通してしまうことが防止され、電流遮断状態を確実に維持する。
【0015】
【発明の実施の態様】
本願発明の好適な実施の一態様による防爆機能を有する電池の要部構造を図1に示す。この電池の基本構成は、有底円筒形の金属製電池ケース1と、この電池ケース1に収納された発電要素2と、この発電要素2の一方の電極に接続されたアルミニウム製リード8と、リード8と電気的に接続され、かつ絶縁性のポリプロピレン製外側ガスケット7を介して電池ケース1の開口部に密封装着された蓋要素Aとからなる。
【0016】
この蓋要素Aは、アルミニウム製内部端子板5、ポリプロピレン製絶縁リング6、可撓性のアルミニウム製中間感圧板4、リング状正温度係数抵抗素子、即ちPTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient)素子9、外部端子板3、ポリプロピレン製内側ガスケット11、およびステンレス製かしめリング12を有し、特に本願発明の特徴部分であるリング状弾性部材10が中間感圧板4と内部端子板5との間に圧縮された状態で介装されている。
【0017】
外部端子板3および内部端子板5にはそれぞれ複数のガス抜き穴3a、5aが形成され、中間感圧板4は中央部に下方へ突出する突部4aと薄肉部4bとが形成されている。
【0018】
弾性部材10はスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)からなるシート状の弾性体をリング状に打ち抜いたものであり、その内径は中間感圧板4の突部4aが挿入可能な大きさに設定されている。
【0019】
蓋要素Aの組立手順を説明すると、先ず、かしめリング12の内周に内側ガスケット11を嵌入した後、内側ガスケット11の内周に内部端子板5を嵌入する。そして、内部端子板5の上面の所定位置に絶縁リング6およびリング状弾性部材10を載置する。その後、中間感圧板4を絶縁リング6およびリング状弾性部材10の上面に載置し、中間感圧板4の突部4aを絶縁リング6の内周側に挿入した状態とする。次に、中間感圧板4の突部4aと内部端子板5の上面とを超音波溶接、抵抗溶接、あるいはレーザ溶接する。このとき、中間感圧板4の突部4aの下端部を内部端子板5の上面に圧接することにより弾性部材10を圧縮状態で中間感圧板4および内部端子板5間に挾持させる。溶接の強度としては所定の電池内圧で溶接部が破断するように設定するとともに、弾性部材10の弾性復元力が溶接強度より低くなるように弾性部材10の寸法形状を予め設定しておくことにより、溶接完了後、弾性部材10が圧縮されたままで両部材間に挾持された状態を維持するようにする。そして、中間感圧板4の上面にPTC素子9、外部端子板3を順次積層した後、かしめリング12の上端部を内側にカールすることにより、一体的な蓋要素Aとする。
【0020】
以上説明した蓋要素Aを構成する内部端子板5の下面中央部に対して発電要素2から引き出されたリード8の一端をスポット溶接する。そして、外側ガスケット7の内周に蓋要素Aを嵌入した後、電池ケース1の開口部分を内側にカールしてかしめ付け、外側ガスケット7を圧縮して電池ケース1を密封する。
【0021】
以上の構成において、中間感圧板4と内部端子板5とは中間感圧板4の突部4aで両部材が接続してこの接続部分でのみ両部材が導通し、中間感圧板4と外部端子板3とはPTC素子9を介して電気的に接続されている。
【0022】
このような構成の電池の使用にあたり、過充電等により内部にガスが発生すると、電池ケース1内のガス圧力は内部端子板5のガス抜き穴5aを通じて中間感圧板4に作用する。電池内圧が異常に上昇すると、中間感圧板4が上方へ膨らむように変形し、突部4aと内部端子板5との溶接点が剥がれ両部材が離間した状態となる。このことにより、外部端子板3につながる電池内導電経路が遮断される(感圧遮断機能)。
【0023】
中間感圧板4と内部端子板5との間で圧縮挾持されていた弾性部材10は、突部4aと内部端子板5との溶接が剥離したことにより圧縮状態から解放され、圧縮前の状態に膨張復元して肉厚が増す。したがって、中間感圧板4の突部4aは内部端子板5の上面から離間した状態を維持する。
【0024】
さらに、電池内圧が上昇して中間感圧板4がさらに大きく変形するとついにはその薄肉部4bが破断し、電池ケース1内のガスが外部に放出される(内圧解放機能)。
【0025】
このとき電池内圧が低下しても、前述したように、弾性部材10の弾性復元力により中間感圧板4の突部4aは内部端子板5の上面から離間した状態を維持するため、両部材が再び接触して導通してしまうことが確実に防止され、電流遮断状態を確実に維持する。
【0026】
また、電池の温度が異常に上昇すると、外部端子板3につながる電池内導電経路中に挿入されているPTC素子9の抵抗値が増大し、充電または放電電流を絞り込む(感温遮断機能)。
【0027】
感圧遮断機能および感温遮断機能は、電池の状態によって作動の順序は変わるが、何れの機能が先に働いても電池の安全は確保される。
【0028】
さらに、PTC素子9を廃止して、中間感圧板4の上に直接、外部端子板3を重ねる構成にすれば、感温遮断機能の無いタイプの防爆機能となるが、電池が異常に温度上昇する場合は電池内圧も以上に上昇するため、十分に安全性は確保される。
【0029】
弾性部材10としては、耐電解液性および絶縁性を有していれば好ましく、前述したものの他に、天然ゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、またはシリコンゴムからなるシートをリング状に打ち抜いたものや、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、または四フッ化エチレン等からなるスプリング状または板状のばねでもよい。これらの他に、鉄、ステンレス、ニッケル、またはチタン等の金属製のスプリングばねや板ばねも適用可能である。この場合、内部端子板5と中間感圧板4との間を弾性部材10を介して導通させることがないように、一方あるいは両方の部材に対する接触面、あるいは表面全体に対して化学的に安定で機械的強度も大きく良好な絶縁性を有するエポキシ樹脂を塗布するなどして絶縁処理する。
【0030】
なお、かしめリング12に接触する部材としては、内側ガスケット11および外側ガスケット7のみであるが、これらはすべて絶縁性のものである。したがって、かしめリング12は発電要素2や外部端子3と電気的に絶縁状態にある。このため、かしめリング12の電気的な原因による腐食の発生を確実に防止することができる。
【0031】
このため、かしめリング12の材料選択の自由度が大きくなり本願実施の態様のようにステンレスを用いることができる。このため、金や白金などの高価な貴金属や十分なかしめ力を得られないアルミニウム等を用いなくて済む。
【0032】
そして、かしめリング12にステンレスを用いることで、蓋要素Aに十分な強度を持たせることができる。したがって、組立工程における電池ケース1のカール時に水平方向のストレスが加わっても、十分に耐えうることができる。したがって、このストレスによって中間感圧板4の突部4aと内部端子板5との溶接部分に有害なストレスを与えることがなく、感圧遮断機能の信頼性を向上させることができる。
【0033】
また、内部端子板5、絶縁リング6、中間感圧板4、PTC素子9、外部端子板3、弾性部材10、内側ガスケット11、およびかしめリング12の積層物がかしめリング12の内部に嵌入されて蓋要素Aとして一体的化された構成となっている。したがって、予め蓋要素Aを組み立てておき、電池の組立時には、この蓋要素Aを電池ケース1の開口部分に外側ガスケット7を介して装着するだけでよいため組立性が向上する。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明の防爆機能を有する電池にあっては、電池内圧が上昇して中間感圧板と内部端子板との溶接点が剥離することにより感圧遮断機能が作動した場合に、電池内圧が低下しても電流遮断の状態を確実に維持でき、防爆機能の信頼性が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本願発明の実施の一態様による防爆機能を有する電池の要部断面図である。
【図2】従来の防爆機能を有する電池の要部断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 電池ケース 2 発電要素
3 外部端子板 3a ガス抜き穴
4 中間感圧板 4a 突部
4b 薄肉部 5 内部端子板
5a ガス抜き穴 6 絶縁リング
7 外側ガスケット 8 リード
9 PTC素子(正温度係数抵抗素子) 10 弾性部材
11 内側ガスケット 12 かしめリング
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a battery having an explosion-proof function, and more particularly to a technique for a chargeable / dischargeable battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an explosion-proof function of a lithium ion secondary battery, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-2-288863, the temperature rise inside the battery is suppressed within the initial stage to prevent battery ignition and A device that vents gas when the pressure increases to prevent battery explosion is known. Such a battery sealing structure includes a cylindrical battery case 21, an electrode group 26 housed in the battery case 21, and an open end of the battery case 21, as shown in the cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. 2. A terminal plate 25 which is attached to 21a via a sealing gasket 22 and has a vent hole 20 formed therein, and one end side is attached to the electrode group 26 and the other end side is electrically connected to the terminal plate 25 via an explosion-proof mechanism. And the lead 28.
[0003]
The explosion-proof mechanism includes a metal sealing plate 23 disposed below the terminal plate 25, a lead stripper 24 disposed below the sealing plate 23, and the sealing plate 23 and the lead stripper 24. The intermediate fitting body 30 is mainly configured. The sealing plate 23 has a disk shape and a protruding portion 23a protruding downward at the center, and a thin portion 23b extending radially from the vicinity of the base portion of the protruding portion 23a is formed on the upper surface. The plate 25 is caulked to the upper end portion 21 a of the battery case 21 via the gasket 22 and fixed. Further, the lead stripper 24 is made of an insulating material and has a disk shape, and an insertion hole 24a through which the protrusion 23a of the sealing plate 23 is inserted is formed at the center thereof. The intermediate fitting body 30 is made of an insulating material and has a disk shape. The intermediate fitting body 30 is concavo-convexly fitted between the stripper 24 and the sealing plate 23 and integrally coupled. The lead 28 having one end attached to the electrode group 26 is connected by ultrasonic welding across the lower surface of the lead stripper 24 and the lower surface of the protrusion 23a facing downward from the insertion hole 24a. It extends beyond the lower surface.
[0004]
In such an explosion-proof mechanism, as the pressure-sensitive cutoff function, for example, when the overcharge or short-circuit state progresses and gas is generated / filled due to a chemical change inside the battery and the internal pressure of the battery rises, the sealing plate 23 moves toward the terminal plate 25. The lead 28 that has been pressed and deformed upward and is welded to the lower surface of the projection 23a is peeled off from the sealing plate 23 at the welded portion, thereby interrupting the current.
[0005]
Further, when the battery internal pressure rises, the sealing plate 23 bulges upward, and when the pressure exceeds the set pressure, the thin portion 23b is broken, and the gas is safely released from the vent hole of the external terminal plate. This is the internal pressure release function.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, when the internal pressure of the battery rises due to an overcharged state during charging, as described above, the sealing plate 23 is deformed upward, the welded portion of the protrusion 23a and the lead 28 is peeled off, and the conductive path inside the battery is changed. Blocked. In this state, when the battery internal pressure is further increased and the internal pressure release function is activated to decrease the battery internal pressure, the protruding portion 23a of the sealing plate 23 moved upward returns to the original position and is connected to the lead 28. There was a problem that there was a possibility of conducting again.
[0007]
Further, when the battery internal pressure rises very slowly, even if the sealing plate 23 moves upward and the peeling occurs and the current can be cut off, the sealing plate 23 and the lead 28 are again connected at the welded part due to external vibrations or the like. There may also be a problem of causing a hunting state in which a current flows through contact or is interrupted again.
[0008]
As described above, when the conductive path inside the battery is re-conducted or the hunting state is activated with the internal pressure release function activated, metallic lithium is deposited in a needle shape that is unlikely to dissolve, that is, dendrite is generated. Is also possible.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery having an explosion-proof function that can reliably maintain a current interruption state and has improved reliability.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a battery having an explosion-proof function according to the present invention includes a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case, a power generation element housed in the battery case, and a lead connected to one electrode of the power generation element. And a lid element that is electrically connected to the lead and is attached to the opening of the battery case via an insulating outer gasket to close the opening. A gas formed by laminating a metal internal terminal plate with holes formed therein, an intermediate pressure sensitive plate made of a flexible metal plate that is easily broken, and being electrically connected to the intermediate pressure sensitive plate above the intermediate pressure sensitive plate A metal external terminal plate having a punched hole, the tip of the lead is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate, and the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate is laminated above the internal terminal plate. Is the center of the intermediate pressure plate By being fixed locally in minutes, only the fixed part is electrically connected, and an elastic member is interposed between these members in a compressed state, and the intermediate pressure plate and the internal terminal plate When the connection between the two is cut off, the elastic member is elastically restored to increase its thickness, thereby preventing reconnection between the intermediate pressure sensitive plate and the internal terminal plate.
[0011]
Preferably, an insulating ring is sandwiched between the intermediate pressure plate and the internal terminal plate, and the intermediate pressure plate is electrically connected to the external terminal plate via a positive temperature coefficient resistor element, The entire laminate of the internal terminal plate, the insulating ring, the elastic member, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate, the positive temperature coefficient resistor element, and the external terminal plate is fitted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring via an inner gasket and is caulked. It is integrated by.
[0012]
The elastic member is a sheet-like elastic body or a spring-like or plate-like spring, natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene. It is preferably made of a material selected from at least one selected from the group consisting of terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, or tetrafluoroethylene.
[0013]
Further, the elastic member is a spring made of a spring-like or plate-like metal having at least a part of its surface insulated, and the metal is made of at least one of iron, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium. preferable.
[0014]
In the battery having the explosion-proof function of the present invention as described above, since the elastic member is held in a compressed state between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate and the internal terminal plate, the internal pressure of the battery increases and the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate When the center part of the battery moves upward and the weld point peels off and the conductive path inside the battery is cut off, the elastic member is released from its compression state, so that the elastic member is elastically restored and its thickness is increased. Will increase. This maintains the state where the central portion of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate is separated from the upper surface of the internal terminal plate. Therefore, even if the battery internal pressure decreases, the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate and the internal terminal plate are prevented from coming into contact with each other again, and the current interruption state is reliably maintained.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows the main structure of a battery having an explosion-proof function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The basic structure of this battery is a bottomed cylindrical metal battery case 1, a power generation element 2 housed in the battery case 1, an aluminum lead 8 connected to one electrode of the power generation element 2, The lid element A is electrically connected to the lead 8 and is hermetically attached to the opening of the battery case 1 via an insulating polypropylene outer gasket 7.
[0016]
The lid element A includes an aluminum internal terminal plate 5, a polypropylene insulating ring 6, a flexible aluminum intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4, a ring-shaped positive temperature coefficient resistor element, that is, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element 9, an external terminal. The plate 3, the polypropylene inner gasket 11, and the stainless steel caulking ring 12, and in particular, the ring-shaped elastic member 10 which is a characteristic part of the present invention is compressed between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 and the internal terminal plate 5 It is intervened in.
[0017]
A plurality of vent holes 3a and 5a are formed in the external terminal plate 3 and the internal terminal plate 5, respectively, and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is formed with a protruding portion 4a and a thin portion 4b protruding downward at the center.
[0018]
The elastic member 10 is obtained by punching a sheet-like elastic body made of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) into a ring shape, and its inner diameter is set to a size that allows the protrusion 4a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 to be inserted.
[0019]
The procedure for assembling the lid element A will be described. First, after the inner gasket 11 is inserted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring 12, the inner terminal plate 5 is inserted into the inner periphery of the inner gasket 11. Then, the insulating ring 6 and the ring-shaped elastic member 10 are placed at predetermined positions on the upper surface of the internal terminal board 5. Thereafter, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is placed on the upper surfaces of the insulating ring 6 and the ring-shaped elastic member 10, and the protrusion 4 a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is inserted into the inner peripheral side of the insulating ring 6. Next, the projection 4a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 and the upper surface of the internal terminal plate 5 are subjected to ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, or laser welding. At this time, the elastic member 10 is held between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 and the internal terminal plate 5 in a compressed state by pressing the lower end portion of the protrusion 4 a of the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 against the upper surface of the internal terminal plate 5. The welding strength is set so that the welded portion breaks at a predetermined battery internal pressure, and the dimensional shape of the elastic member 10 is set in advance so that the elastic restoring force of the elastic member 10 is lower than the welding strength. After the completion of welding, the elastic member 10 is kept compressed and held between both members. Then, after the PTC element 9 and the external terminal plate 3 are sequentially laminated on the upper surface of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4, the upper end portion of the caulking ring 12 is curled inward to form an integral lid element A.
[0020]
One end of the lead 8 drawn out from the power generation element 2 is spot-welded to the central portion of the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 5 constituting the lid element A described above. Then, after the lid element A is fitted into the inner periphery of the outer gasket 7, the opening portion of the battery case 1 is curled and crimped inside, and the outer gasket 7 is compressed to seal the battery case 1.
[0021]
In the above configuration, the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 and the internal terminal plate 5 are connected to each other by the protrusion 4a of the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4, and both members are electrically connected only at this connecting portion. 3 is electrically connected via a PTC element 9.
[0022]
When using the battery having such a configuration, if gas is generated inside due to overcharging or the like, the gas pressure in the battery case 1 acts on the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 through the vent hole 5 a of the internal terminal plate 5. When the battery internal pressure rises abnormally, the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 is deformed so as to swell upward, the welding point between the protrusion 4a and the internal terminal plate 5 is peeled off, and both members are separated. As a result, the conductive path in the battery connected to the external terminal plate 3 is blocked (pressure-sensitive blocking function).
[0023]
The elastic member 10 held between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate 4 and the internal terminal plate 5 is released from the compressed state due to the separation of the welding between the protrusion 4a and the internal terminal plate 5, and returns to the state before compression. Expansion and restoration increase wall thickness. Therefore, the protrusion 4 a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is kept away from the upper surface of the internal terminal plate 5.
[0024]
Further, when the internal pressure of the battery rises and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is further deformed, the thin portion 4b is broken and the gas in the battery case 1 is released to the outside (internal pressure releasing function).
[0025]
At this time, even if the internal pressure of the battery decreases, as described above, the protrusion 4a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 is kept away from the upper surface of the internal terminal plate 5 by the elastic restoring force of the elastic member 10, so The contact and conduction again are reliably prevented, and the current interruption state is reliably maintained.
[0026]
Further, when the temperature of the battery rises abnormally, the resistance value of the PTC element 9 inserted in the in-battery conductive path connected to the external terminal plate 3 increases, and the charge or discharge current is narrowed (temperature sensitive cutoff function).
[0027]
The order of operation of the pressure-sensitive cutoff function and the temperature-sensitive cutoff function varies depending on the state of the battery, but the safety of the battery is ensured regardless of which function works first.
[0028]
Furthermore, if the PTC element 9 is eliminated and the external terminal plate 3 is directly stacked on the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4, an explosion-proof function without a temperature-sensitive shut-off function is obtained, but the battery temperature rises abnormally. In this case, the internal pressure of the battery also increases, so that sufficient safety is ensured.
[0029]
As the elastic member 10, it is preferable that it has an electrolytic solution resistance and an insulating property. In addition to those described above, a sheet made of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, or silicon rubber is formed in a ring shape. It may be a punched or spring-like or plate-like spring made of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, tetrafluoroethylene or the like. In addition to these, spring springs and leaf springs made of metal such as iron, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium are also applicable. In this case, the inner terminal plate 5 and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 are chemically stable with respect to the contact surface with respect to one or both members or the entire surface so as not to conduct through the elastic member 10. Insulation treatment is performed by applying an epoxy resin having high mechanical strength and good insulation.
[0030]
The members that contact the caulking ring 12 are only the inner gasket 11 and the outer gasket 7, but these are all insulative. Therefore, the caulking ring 12 is electrically insulated from the power generation element 2 and the external terminal 3. For this reason, the occurrence of corrosion due to the electrical cause of the caulking ring 12 can be reliably prevented.
[0031]
For this reason, the freedom degree of the material selection of the crimping ring 12 becomes large, and stainless steel can be used like the embodiment of this application. For this reason, it is not necessary to use expensive noble metals such as gold and platinum, aluminum that cannot obtain sufficient caulking force, and the like.
[0032]
And by using stainless steel for the caulking ring 12, the lid element A can be given sufficient strength. Therefore, even when a horizontal stress is applied when the battery case 1 is curled in the assembly process, the battery case 1 can sufficiently withstand. Therefore, this stress does not give harmful stress to the welded portion between the protrusion 4a of the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4 and the internal terminal plate 5, and the reliability of the pressure sensitive cutoff function can be improved.
[0033]
Further, a laminate of the internal terminal plate 5, the insulating ring 6, the intermediate pressure sensitive plate 4, the PTC element 9, the external terminal plate 3, the elastic member 10, the inner gasket 11, and the caulking ring 12 is fitted into the caulking ring 12. The cover element A is integrated. Therefore, the lid element A is assembled in advance, and when the battery is assembled, the lid element A only needs to be attached to the opening portion of the battery case 1 via the outer gasket 7, so that the assemblability is improved.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, in the battery having the explosion-proof function of the present invention, the pressure-sensitive shut-off function is activated when the internal pressure of the battery rises and the weld point between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate and the internal terminal plate is separated. In this case, even if the internal pressure of the battery decreases, the current interruption state can be reliably maintained, and the reliability of the explosion-proof function is improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a battery having an explosion-proof function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional battery having an explosion-proof function.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery case 2 Electric power generation element 3 External terminal board 3a Gas vent hole 4 Intermediate pressure sensing plate 4a Protrusion part 4b Thin part 5 Internal terminal board 5a Gas vent hole 6 Insulation ring 7 Outer gasket 8 Lead 9 PTC element (positive temperature coefficient resistance element) 10 Elastic member 11 Inner gasket 12 Caulking ring

Claims (4)

有底筒形の金属製電池ケース(1)と、この電池ケース(1)に収納された発電要素(2)と、この発電要素(2)の一方の電極に接続されたリード(8)と、該リード(8)と電気的に接続されるとともに絶縁性の外側ガスケット(7)を介して該電池ケース(1)の開口部に装着されて該開口部を塞ぐ蓋要素(A)とからなる電池において、該蓋要素(A)は、ガス抜き穴が形成された金属製の内部端子板(5)と、破断しやすい可撓性の金属板からなる中間感圧板(4)と、該中間感圧板(4)の上方にこれと電気的に接続した状態で積層されてなるガス抜き穴が形成された金属製の外部端子板(3)とを有し、該リード(8)の先端が該内部端子板(5)の下面に接続され、該内部端子板(5)の上方には該中間感圧板(4)が積層されて両部材は該中間感圧板(4)の中央部分(4c)で局部的に固着されることでその固着部分でのみ電気的に接続されるとともにこれら両部材の間には弾性部材(10)が圧縮された状態で介装され、該中間感圧板(4)と該内部端子板(5)間の接続が遮断された時に該弾性部材(10)は弾性復帰してその肉厚が増大し該中間感圧板(4)と該内部端子板(5)間の再接続を防止してなることを特徴とする防爆機能を有する電池。A bottomed cylindrical metal battery case (1), a power generation element (2) housed in the battery case (1), and a lead (8) connected to one electrode of the power generation element (2) A lid element (A) electrically connected to the lead (8) and attached to the opening of the battery case (1) via an insulating outer gasket (7) to close the opening. In this battery, the lid element (A) includes a metal internal terminal plate (5) in which a vent hole is formed, an intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4) made of a flexible metal plate that is easily broken, and the A metal external terminal plate (3) having a gas vent hole formed in a state of being electrically connected to the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4), and a tip of the lead (8); Is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate (5), and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4) is laminated above the internal terminal plate (5). The two members are locally fixed at the central portion (4c) of the intermediate pressure plate (4) so that they are electrically connected only at the fixed portion, and an elastic member (10) is provided between these two members. ) Is compressed, and when the connection between the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4) and the internal terminal plate (5) is cut off, the elastic member (10) is elastically restored to increase its thickness. A battery having an explosion-proof function, wherein reconnection between the intermediate pressure-sensitive plate (4) and the internal terminal plate (5) is prevented. 前記中間感圧板(4)と前記内部端子板(5)との間には絶縁リング(6)が挟み込まれ、該中間感圧板(4)は正温度係数抵抗素子(9)を介して前記外部端子板(3)に電気的に接続されており、該内部端子板(5)、該絶縁リング(6)、前記弾性部材(10)、該中間感圧板(4)、該正温度係数抵抗素子(9)および前記外部端子板(3)の積層物の全体が内側ガスケット(11)を介してかしめリング(12)の内周にはめ込まれてかしめ付けにより一体化されてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の防爆機能を有する電池。An insulating ring (6) is interposed between the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4) and the internal terminal plate (5), and the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4) is connected to the external pressure element via a positive temperature coefficient resistance element (9). Electrically connected to the terminal plate (3), the internal terminal plate (5), the insulating ring (6), the elastic member (10), the intermediate pressure sensitive plate (4), and the positive temperature coefficient resistance element The entire laminate of (9) and the external terminal plate (3) is fitted into the inner periphery of the caulking ring (12) via the inner gasket (11) and integrated by caulking. A battery having an explosion-proof function according to claim 1. 前記弾性部材(10)は、シート状の弾性体、あるいはスプリング状または板状のばねであって、天然ゴム、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレンプロピレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、シリコンゴム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ナイロン、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、または四フッ化エチレンからなる群の中から少なくとも一つ選ばれた材質からなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の防爆機能を有する電池。The elastic member (10) is a sheet-like elastic body or a spring-like or plate-like spring, and is made of natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, polyethylene terephthalate, poly The battery having an explosion-proof function according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery is made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of butylene terephthalate, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, or tetrafluoroethylene. 前記弾性部材(10)は、表面の少なくとも一部が絶縁処理されたスプリング状または板状の金属からなるばねであって、該金属は鉄、ステンレス、ニッケル、またはチタンのうち少なくとも一種からなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の防爆機能を有する電池。The elastic member (10) is a spring made of a spring-like or plate-like metal whose surface is insulated at least partially, and the metal is made of at least one of iron, stainless steel, nickel, or titanium. The battery having an explosion-proof function according to claim 1 or 2.
JP29274395A 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Batteries with explosion-proof function Expired - Fee Related JP3649491B2 (en)

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