JP3643699B2 - Furnace and exhaust gas treatment method in the furnace - Google Patents

Furnace and exhaust gas treatment method in the furnace Download PDF

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JP3643699B2
JP3643699B2 JP13960898A JP13960898A JP3643699B2 JP 3643699 B2 JP3643699 B2 JP 3643699B2 JP 13960898 A JP13960898 A JP 13960898A JP 13960898 A JP13960898 A JP 13960898A JP 3643699 B2 JP3643699 B2 JP 3643699B2
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
furnace
gas
extraction port
duct
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JPH11337047A (en
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範明 仙波
謙一 川村
進 西川
辰夫 田澤
静生 保田
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、下水汚泥、都市ごみ及び産業廃棄物などの焼却灰の溶融炉や熱分解炉等、排ガス抜き出し口を備えた炉及びその炉における排ガス処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、下水汚泥や都市ごみ等は種々の焼却方法により焼却され、その後に焼却灰として埋め立て処理されていた。しかし最近は、埋め立て処理地を確保することが難しくなって来ている上、焼却灰の埋め立て時に重金属等の有害物質の地下水への溶出などが問題となっている。そこで、このような焼却灰の資源化、減容化及び無害化を図るために灰溶融炉などが注目されて来ている。
ところで、焼却灰を溶融した溶融炉の排ガスには、NaCl,KCL等の低沸点物のガス化したものが高濃度で存在しており、炉内では温度が高くガス状で存在していたものが、炉から出ると温度が下がり、液化、凝結固化して排ガス抜き出し口を閉塞させてしまうことがあった。
また、特開平6−300234号公報に記載の炉のように排ガスを出滓口から抜き出す場合には、排ガス抜き出し口が炉の下方に位置するので、溶融池に落ちてくる灰の一部がキャリオーバし、これと液化した低沸点物とが混ざって凝固することにより、排ガス抜き出し口に固い付着物が形成されて同排ガス抜き出し口を閉塞させてしまうことがあった。
【0003】
そこで、上記溶融炉の排ガス抜き出し口付近にガス吹き込み手段を設け、同吹き込み手段から排ガス中に高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを吹き込み、排ガス温度を高温に保って、排ガスの液化、凝結固化による排ガス抜き出し口の閉塞を防止する方法も考えられる。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した排ガス抜き出し口の閉塞防止方法では、排ガス中に高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを単に吹き込むだけで、吹き込みの速度が0.4m/s程度であるので、後述の表1で示す如く、排ガス温度が307〜457℃となるに過ぎない。このため、この閉塞防止方法によると、一酸化炭素(CO)の低減が不十分であると共に(最小濃度で270p.p.m.)、多環芳香族のダイオキシン(DXN)の低減も不十分であった(炉出口で約20TEQng/Nm3 )。
【0005】
本発明はこのような実状に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的は、排ガス抜き出し口の閉塞を確実に防止し、排ガス中の一酸化炭素やダイオキシン等の有害物質を大幅に低減させることが可能な炉及びその炉における排ガス処理方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記従来技術の有する課題を達成するために、本発明においては、排ガス抜き出し口を備え、同排ガス抜き出し口から抜き出された排ガスを排ガスダクトに導いて処理する炉において、前記排ガス抜き出し口の上部及び前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所に高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを排ガス中に吹き込む吹き込み口を設けている。
また、本発明は、排ガス抜き出し口を備え、同排ガス抜き出し口から抜き出された排ガスを排ガスダクトに導いて処理する炉において、前記排ガス抜き出し口の上部及び前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所から高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを20〜40m/sの速度で排ガス中に吹き込んで800℃以上の高温域を形成し、その高温域での排ガス滞留時間を2秒以上としている。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図示の実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
【0008】
図1は本発明の実施の形態に係る排ガス抜き出し口を備えた焼却灰の溶融炉が適用される設備の一部概要を示す説明図、図2はその灰溶融炉付近の概念図である。
本実施形態の灰溶融炉1は、図1に示す如く、耐火物によって有底円筒状に形成された炉本体2を有しており、同炉本体2の下部側面には、出滓口を兼ねる排ガス抜き出し口3が設けられている。また、炉本体2の頂部には、窒素ガス発生装置(PSA)4に連通するパイプ5と、直流電源装置6に接続される電極7が配設されており、これらによって炉内に高温のプラズマアークを作り、炉内を高温に保つように構成されている。そして、この灰溶融炉1と関連して、炉本体2の入口側には焼却灰8を貯蔵する焼却灰サイロ9、搬送コンベヤ10及び定量投入装置11等が配設され、その出口側には排ガスダクト12、水砕コンベヤ13を備えた水砕槽14、水砕水沈澱槽15、水砕水冷却塔16及びスラグコンベヤ17等が配設されている。
【0009】
このような灰溶融炉1を使用して焼却灰を溶融するには、焼却灰サイロ9などから搬送コンベヤ10及び定量投入装置11を経て焼却灰8を炉本体2内に投入し、投入された焼却灰8を炉本体2内でプラズマ溶融する。溶融されたスラグ18は、出滓口を兼ねる排ガス抜き出し口3より出滓樋19を通って水砕槽14に排出される。そして、水砕槽14で冷却され、水砕コンベヤ13によりスラグコンベヤ17に搬送されてスラグヤード20に入れられる。また、排ガス21は、炉本体2の排ガス抜き出し口3より排出され、接続管22を介して排ガスダクト12に導かれて処理される。
【0010】
すなわち、本実施形態の灰溶融炉1には、図2に示す如く、出滓樋19が炉本体2と排ガスダクト12との間に配設されており、同出滓樋19の上方には、排ガスダクト12と連通する接続管22が設けられている。この接続管22内には排ガス21が流れ、その上部には後述の燃焼用ガス23を燃焼させるバーナ24が排ガス抜き出し口3寄りに設けられている。
上記接続管22には、図示しない吹き込み手段によって燃焼用ガス(又は高温ガス)23を排ガス中に吹き込む第1ガス吹き込み口25が設けられ、同第1ガス吹き込み口25はガス抜き出し口3の上部に配設されている。また、排ガスダクト12の入口12aの付近の少なくとも2箇所には、燃焼用ガス23を排ガス21中に吹き込む第2ガス吹き込み口26及び第3ガス吹き込み口27が設けられている。
【0011】
上記燃焼用ガス23は、図示しない吹き込み手段により各ガス吹き込み口25,26,27から20〜40m/sの速度で排ガス21中に吹き込まれており、同排ガス21に対して800℃以上の高温域を形成し、その高温域での排ガス滞留時間を2秒以上とするように設定されている。しかも、排ガスダクト12の入口12aの付近のガス吹き込み口の1つ、本実施形態では第3ガス吹き込み口27が矢印で示すように、燃焼用ガス23と排ガス21との混合を高めるべく、斜め上方の排ガス21の排出方向へ向けて(排ガスダクト12の出口12bへ向けて)設けられている。
【0012】
本実施形態の灰溶融炉1において、出滓樋19の上方に位置する第1ガス吹き込み口25と、排ガスダクト12の入口12aの付近に位置する第2及び第3ガス吹き込み口26,27とから20〜40m/sの速度で燃焼用ガス23を排ガス21中に吹き込んだ試験結果を表1に示す。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003643699
【0014】
上記表1に示すように、燃焼用ガス23を20〜40m/sの速度で排ガス21中に吹き込むと、排ガス21との混合が改善されて800〜1100℃の高温域が形成され、その高温域での排ガス21の滞留時間(2秒以上)を増加できる。したがって、排ガス温度を高温に保って排ガス21を完全燃焼することが可能となり、その液化、凝結固化による排ガス抜き出し口3の閉塞を防止でき、一酸化炭素を濃度10p.p.m.以下まで分解できると共に、ダイオキシンを最大で0.1TEQng/Nm3 以下に低減できることが分かる。
なお、燃焼用ガス23の吹き込み速度が20m/s以下では十分な効果が得られず、また40m/s以上では図示しない吹き込み手段の大型化を招き、設備費が嵩むなどの不具合を有し、経済的に好ましくないからである。
【0015】
以上、本発明の実施の形態につき述べたが、本発明は既述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の変形及び変更を加え得るものである。
例えば、本発明はプラズマ式灰溶融炉のみならず、バーナ式灰溶融炉や熱分解炉にも適用できる。また、本実施形態では、3箇所のガス吹き込み口25,26,27が設けられているが、灰溶融炉1の規模などに応じて排ガスダクト12の入口12aの付近に3箇所以上のガス吹き込み口を設けることも可能である。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
上述の如く、本発明に係る炉は、排ガス抜き出し口を備え、同排ガス抜き出し口から抜き出された排ガスを排ガスダクトに導いて処理するものであって、前記排ガス抜き出し口の上部及び前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所に高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを排ガス中に吹き込む吹き込み口を設けているので、排ガス温度を高温に保ち、かつ排ガスに対して800℃以上の高温域を形成して滞留時間を増加させることが可能になる。したがって、本発明の炉においては、排ガスが液化したり、凝結固化したりすることがないので、排ガス抜き出し口の閉塞を確実に防止できると共に、排ガス中の一酸化炭素やダイオキシン等の有害物質を大幅に低減させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態に係る灰溶融炉が適用される設備の一部を示す概念図である。
【図2】本発明の実施の形態に係る灰溶融炉付近を示す概念図である。
【符号の説明】
1 灰溶融炉
2 炉本体
3 排ガス抜き出し口
19 出滓樋
21 排ガス
22 接続管
23 燃焼用ガス
24 バーナ
25,26,27 ガス吹き込み口[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a furnace having an exhaust gas outlet, such as a melting furnace or a pyrolysis furnace for incinerated ash such as sewage sludge, municipal waste, and industrial waste, and an exhaust gas treatment method in the furnace.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, sewage sludge, municipal waste, and the like have been incinerated by various incineration methods and then landfilled as incinerated ash. Recently, however, it has become difficult to secure a landfill site, and elution of toxic substances such as heavy metals into groundwater has become a problem when incinerated ash is landfilled. Therefore, an ash melting furnace or the like has been attracting attention in order to make such incinerated ash resources, reduce the volume, and make it harmless.
By the way, in the exhaust gas of the melting furnace in which the incineration ash is melted, gasified low-boiling substances such as NaCl and KCL are present in a high concentration, and in the furnace, the temperature is high and exists in a gaseous state. However, when it comes out of the furnace, the temperature dropped, and it liquefied and solidified, which sometimes closed the exhaust gas outlet.
In addition, when exhaust gas is extracted from the outlet, as in the furnace described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-3000234, since the exhaust gas outlet is located below the furnace, a part of the ash falling in the molten pool is Carryover, and this and the liquefied low-boiling point substances are mixed and solidified, so that hard deposits may be formed at the exhaust gas extraction port, thereby closing the exhaust gas extraction port.
[0003]
Therefore, gas blowing means is provided in the vicinity of the exhaust gas outlet of the melting furnace, high temperature gas or combustion gas is blown into the exhaust gas from the blowing means, the exhaust gas temperature is kept high, and exhaust gas is extracted by liquefaction and solidification of the exhaust gas. A method for preventing clogging of the mouth is also conceivable.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described method for preventing clogging of the exhaust gas outlet, the high speed gas or combustion gas is simply blown into the exhaust gas, and the blowing speed is about 0.4 m / s. The exhaust gas temperature is only 307 to 457 ° C. For this reason, according to this blocking prevention method, the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO) is insufficient (270 ppm at the minimum concentration) and the reduction of polycyclic aromatic dioxin (DXN) is also insufficient. (About 20 TEQng / Nm 3 at the furnace outlet).
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its purpose is to reliably prevent the exhaust gas outlet from being blocked and to significantly reduce harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin in the exhaust gas. And a method for treating exhaust gas in the furnace.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described problems of the prior art, in the present invention, an exhaust gas outlet is provided, and in the furnace for treating the exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust gas outlet to the exhaust gas duct, the upper part of the exhaust gas outlet And at least two places of the inlets of the exhaust gas ducts are provided with blowing ports for injecting high temperature gas or combustion gas into the exhaust gas.
Further, the present invention includes an exhaust gas extraction port, and in a furnace in which the exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust gas extraction port is guided to the exhaust gas duct for processing, the furnace has at least two portions of the upper portion of the exhaust gas extraction port and the inlet of the exhaust gas duct. A high temperature gas or combustion gas is blown into the exhaust gas at a speed of 20 to 40 m / s to form a high temperature region of 800 ° C. or higher, and the exhaust gas residence time in the high temperature region is set to 2 seconds or longer.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on illustrated embodiments.
[0008]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a partial outline of equipment to which an incinerated ash melting furnace having an exhaust gas outlet according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram in the vicinity of the ash melting furnace.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ash melting furnace 1 of the present embodiment has a furnace body 2 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape with a refractory, and an outlet is provided on the lower side surface of the furnace body 2. An exhaust gas extraction port 3 is also provided. In addition, a pipe 5 communicating with a nitrogen gas generator (PSA) 4 and an electrode 7 connected to a DC power supply device 6 are disposed at the top of the furnace body 2, and thereby a high-temperature plasma is generated in the furnace. It is configured to create an arc and keep the furnace at a high temperature. In association with the ash melting furnace 1, an incineration ash silo 9 for storing the incinerated ash 8, a transport conveyor 10, a fixed amount charging device 11, and the like are disposed on the inlet side of the furnace body 2, and on the outlet side thereof. An exhaust gas duct 12, a granulating tank 14 equipped with a granulating conveyor 13, a granulated water precipitation tank 15, a granulating water cooling tower 16, a slag conveyor 17 and the like are arranged.
[0009]
In order to melt the incineration ash using such an ash melting furnace 1, the incineration ash 8 was introduced into the furnace body 2 from the incineration ash silo 9 or the like via the transport conveyor 10 and the quantitative charging device 11. The incinerated ash 8 is plasma melted in the furnace body 2. The melted slag 18 is discharged to the granulating tank 14 through the tap 19 from the exhaust gas outlet 3 serving also as the tap. Then, it is cooled in the water granulation tank 14, transported to the slag conveyor 17 by the water granulation conveyor 13, and put into the slag yard 20. Further, the exhaust gas 21 is discharged from the exhaust gas extraction port 3 of the furnace body 2 and guided to the exhaust gas duct 12 through the connection pipe 22 to be processed.
[0010]
That is, in the ash melting furnace 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a tread 19 is disposed between the furnace body 2 and the exhaust gas duct 12. A connecting pipe 22 communicating with the exhaust gas duct 12 is provided. An exhaust gas 21 flows in the connecting pipe 22, and a burner 24 for burning a combustion gas 23 to be described later is provided near the exhaust gas extraction port 3 at an upper portion thereof.
The connecting pipe 22 is provided with a first gas blowing port 25 for blowing combustion gas (or high temperature gas) 23 into the exhaust gas by blowing means (not shown). The first gas blowing port 25 is an upper part of the gas outlet 3. It is arranged. Further, at least two locations near the inlet 12 a of the exhaust gas duct 12 are provided with a second gas inlet 26 and a third gas inlet 27 for blowing the combustion gas 23 into the exhaust gas 21.
[0011]
The combustion gas 23 is blown into the exhaust gas 21 at a speed of 20 to 40 m / s from the gas inlets 25, 26, and 27 by blow means (not shown), and the exhaust gas 21 has a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher. The exhaust gas residence time in the high temperature region is set to be 2 seconds or more. Moreover, one of the gas inlets near the inlet 12a of the exhaust gas duct 12, and in the present embodiment, the third gas inlet 27 is shown obliquely to increase the mixing of the combustion gas 23 and the exhaust gas 21 as indicated by the arrow. It is provided toward the discharge direction of the upper exhaust gas 21 (toward the outlet 12b of the exhaust gas duct 12).
[0012]
In the ash melting furnace 1 of the present embodiment, the first gas blow-in port 25 located above the tap 19, the second and third gas blow-in ports 26 and 27 located near the inlet 12 a of the exhaust gas duct 12, and Table 1 shows the test results in which the combustion gas 23 was blown into the exhaust gas 21 at a speed of 20 to 40 m / s.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003643699
[0014]
As shown in Table 1, when the combustion gas 23 is blown into the exhaust gas 21 at a speed of 20 to 40 m / s, mixing with the exhaust gas 21 is improved, and a high temperature range of 800 to 1100 ° C. is formed. The residence time (2 seconds or more) of the exhaust gas 21 in the region can be increased. Therefore, the exhaust gas 21 can be completely burned while maintaining the exhaust gas temperature at a high temperature, and blockage of the exhaust gas extraction port 3 due to liquefaction and solidification thereof can be prevented, and the concentration of carbon monoxide is 10 p. p. m. It can be understood that the dioxins can be reduced to 0.1 TEQng / Nm 3 or less at the maximum while being decomposed to the following.
In addition, if the blowing speed of the combustion gas 23 is 20 m / s or less, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained, and if it is 40 m / s or more, the blowing means (not shown) is increased in size, resulting in increased equipment costs, This is because it is not economically preferable.
[0015]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. is there.
For example, the present invention can be applied not only to a plasma ash melting furnace but also to a burner ash melting furnace and a pyrolysis furnace. In this embodiment, three gas injection ports 25, 26, 27 are provided, but three or more gas injection ports are provided near the inlet 12 a of the exhaust gas duct 12 according to the scale of the ash melting furnace 1. It is also possible to provide a mouth.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the furnace according to the present invention includes an exhaust gas extraction port, and guides and processes the exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust gas extraction port to an exhaust gas duct, and includes an upper portion of the exhaust gas extraction port and the exhaust gas duct. Since at least two locations of the inlet of the gas are provided with a blowing port through which high temperature gas or combustion gas is blown into the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas temperature is maintained at a high temperature and a high temperature region of 800 ° C. or higher is formed with respect to the exhaust gas. Can be increased. Therefore, in the furnace of the present invention, the exhaust gas is not liquefied or solidified, so that it is possible to reliably prevent the exhaust gas extraction port from being blocked and to remove harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxin in the exhaust gas. It can be greatly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a part of equipment to which an ash melting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the vicinity of an ash melting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ash melting furnace 2 Furnace main body 3 Exhaust gas extraction port 19 Outlet 21 Exhaust gas 22 Connection pipe 23 Combustion gas 24 Burner 25, 26, 27 Gas injection port

Claims (3)

排ガス抜き出し口を備え、同排ガス抜き出し口から抜き出された排ガスを排ガスダクトに導いて処理する炉において、前記排ガス抜き出し口の上部及び前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所に高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを排ガス中に吹き込む吹き込み口を設けたことを特徴とする炉。In a furnace provided with an exhaust gas extraction port, in which exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust gas extraction port is guided to an exhaust gas duct and processed , at least two locations of the upper part of the exhaust gas extraction port and the inlet of the exhaust gas duct are high-temperature gas or combustion gas A furnace characterized in that it is provided with an inlet for injecting gas into the exhaust gas. 前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所に設けられた吹き込み口の1つが、斜め上方の排ガスの排出方向へ向けて設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の炉。2. The furnace according to claim 1, wherein one of the inlets provided at at least two positions of the inlet of the exhaust gas duct is provided in an exhaust direction of the exhaust gas obliquely upward. 排ガス抜き出し口を備え、同排ガス抜き出し口から抜き出された排ガスを排ガスダクトに導いて処理する炉において、前記排ガス抜き出し口の上部及び前記排ガスダクトの入口少なくとも2箇所から高温ガス又は燃焼用ガスを20〜40m/sの速度で排ガス中に吹き込んで800℃以上の高温域を形成し、その高温域での排ガス滞留時間を2秒以上とすることを特徴とする排ガス処理方法。In a furnace provided with an exhaust gas extraction port, in which the exhaust gas extracted from the exhaust gas extraction port is guided to an exhaust gas duct for processing, high-temperature gas or combustion gas from at least two locations of the upper part of the exhaust gas extraction port and the inlet of the exhaust gas duct Is injected into the exhaust gas at a speed of 20 to 40 m / s to form a high temperature region of 800 ° C. or higher, and the exhaust gas residence time in the high temperature region is set to 2 seconds or longer.
JP13960898A 1998-05-21 1998-05-21 Furnace and exhaust gas treatment method in the furnace Expired - Lifetime JP3643699B2 (en)

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