JP3643663B2 - Combined power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure a small quantity of corrosive gas component on online with laser in the gas turbine device of a composite power generating plant and monitor high temperature parts such as the cascade of the gas turbine. SOLUTION: This composite power generating plant has a gas turbine device for generating power by expanding oil fuel such as gas oil, gas fuel such as LNG, coal gas fuel obtained by dust-removing and desulfurizing gasified coal, gas fuel generated from an iron manufacturing device such as a blast furnace, gas fuel generated from an oil refining plant or high temperature and high pressure combustion gas generated from a pressurized fluid bed boiler, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 9 for generating steam by using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine device as a heat source ad a steam turbine power generating device 18 for generating power by the steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 9. Measurement devices 20 and 21 for measuring gas component with laser through measuring windows are disposed at the inlet air duct part 2 of the air compressor of the gas turbine device and a fuel pipeline part 4 at the inlet of the gas turbine device, so that a small quantity of corrosive gas component in air and the fuel is measured on online with laser and high temperature parts such as the cascade of a gas turbine are monitored.

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combined power plant. In detail, the life monitoring of high-temperature parts such as cascades of the gas turbine equipment, which is the main equipment of the combined power generation equipment, is performed online, which contributes to improving the operability and reliability of the plant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the combined power plant, if the cleanliness of the fuel and air is increased, the cleanliness of the combustion products should be sufficiently high. Therefore, alkali metal components such as Na, K, and V in the exhaust gas, Cl, No special monitoring device is installed for corrosive trace gas components such as halogen components such as F and metal components such as Zn and Hg.
[0003]
In order to increase the cleanliness of the fuel, conventionally, measures have been taken by setting severe conditions for the alkali metal content, the halogen content, and the metal component content in the property conditions of the fuel used in the gas turbine equipment. For air compressors, air intake filters are installed to increase cleanliness.
[0004]
In addition, the method of sucking and analyzing a trace gas component with a sampling device as shown in FIG. 4 is a measurement of a trace amount of gas, so that a long suction time is required and highly accurate measurement / analysis is performed. In addition, it is necessary to wash and analyze even the deposits in the sampling tube, and it takes several days until the measurement result is obtained. It also requires several measurers, and it is not economical to constantly monitor.
[0005]
FIG. 4 shows a conventional method for measuring trace gas components. A gas sampling probe 38 is inserted into the measurement field 29 of the fuel pipe 4 to suck the gas, and is guided to the absorption liquid bottle 41 through the sampling pipe 39 and the pressure reducing valve 40. Therefore, the gas component to be measured is absorbed by the absorption liquid. Thereafter, after the flow rate is measured by the gas meter 42, it is discharged. The sampling tube 39 needs to be heated with an electric heater or the like according to the gas component to be measured.
[0006]
The amount absorbed in the absorption liquid is analyzed, and the trace gas component in the gas is measured from the amount of suction gas measured by the gas meter 42. When higher measurement accuracy is required, it is necessary to wash away even the deposits on the inner wall of the sampling tube 39 with the cleaning liquid and measure the trace gas components contained in the cleaning liquid.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in a combined power plant, fuel cleaning is addressed by setting strict conditions for the alkali metal content rate, the halogen content rate, and the metal component content rate in the fuel conditions of the gas turbine equipment, and the air compressor Is addressing air purification by installing an intake filter.
Therefore, it is assumed that the corrosive gas component of the combustion gas passing through the cascade of the gas turbine is basically equal to or lower than the allowable value of the gas turbine.
[0008]
However, in reality, there are excessive pollution of the atmosphere, partial damage of the intake filter of the gas turbine equipment air compressor, fluctuations in fuel properties, etc., and the cleanliness is not always guaranteed.
The cascade of a gas turbine rotates at a high speed of 3000 rpm or higher at a high temperature of several hundreds of degrees Celsius to 500 degrees Celsius, and is placed in a severe environment in terms of both temperature and stress. Under such an environment, if Na exceeding the allowable value is present in the combustion gas passing through the blade row, a molten salt such as Na ₂ SO ₄ is formed and adheres to the surface of the blade metal. There is a risk of causing metal corrosion and blocking of cooling holes on the blade surface.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to measure on-line laser traces of corrosive trace gas components in a gas turbine facility of a combined power plant, and to monitor high-temperature components such as gas turbine blade rows.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The combined power plant according to claim 1 of the present invention that achieves such an object includes an oil-based fuel such as light oil, a gas-based fuel such as LNG, a coal gas fuel obtained by gasifying and dedusting / desulfurizing coal, and iron making such as a blast furnace. Exhaust gas from gas turbines with gas turbine equipment that generates power by expanding gas fuel generated from equipment, gas fuel generated from oil refining plants, or high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas generated from pressurized fluidized bed boilers In a combined power plant having an exhaust heat recovery boiler that generates steam using heat as a heat source, and a steam turbine power generation facility that generates power using steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boiler, an air compressor inlet air duct part of the gas turbine equipment, and a gas turbine In the fuel piping section at the entrance of the facility, or in the pressurized fluidized bed boiler, a gas component measuring device by the laser method is installed through the measuring window in the high-temperature combustion gas piping section. However, in air, fuel, or pressurized fluidized bed boilers, it is possible to measure on-line laser traces of corrosive trace gas components in high-temperature combustion gases and to monitor high-temperature parts such as gas turbine blade rows. Features.
[0011]
The combined power plant according to claim 2 of the present invention that achieves the above object includes oil-based fuels such as light oil, gas-based fuels such as LNG, coal gas fuel obtained by degassing and desulfurizing coal, and steelmaking facilities such as blast furnaces. Gas turbine equipment that generates power by expanding gas fuel generated from oil, gas fuel generated from oil refining plants, or high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler. In a combined power plant having an exhaust heat recovery boiler that generates steam as a heat source, and a steam turbine power generation facility that generates power using the steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boiler, an exhaust duct section at the outlet of the gas turbine equipment or an intermediate section of the exhaust heat recovery boiler Alternatively, a gas component measurement device using a laser method is installed at the outlet through a measurement window, and the corrosive trace gas components in the gas turbine exhaust gas are online. In was measured by a laser, and performs monitoring of blade rows such high temperature components of gas turbine equipment.
[0012]
The combined power plant according to claim 3 of the present invention that achieves the above object is the combined power plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas component measuring device by the laser method includes a laser-induced breakdown method and a laser. It is a measuring device combined with an induced fluorescence method.
[0013]
The combined power plant according to claim 4 of the present invention that achieves the above object is the combined power plant according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the measurement time of the gas component measuring device by the laser method is changed, or the laser By measuring the focal position of the measurement part of the gas component measurement device by the method, the corrosive trace gas component distribution is measured in the depth direction of the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas piping in the duct, fuel piping, and pressurized fluidized bed boiler. And high temperature components such as cascades of gas turbine equipment are monitored.
[0014]
[Action]
In the present invention, a gas component measuring device by a laser method is provided in a combustion air intake duct and a fuel pipe to monitor the total amount of gas components that cause corrosion of metal blades entering the gas turbine combustor. It is possible to monitor gas turbine equipment in a typical manner.
As a result, the gas turbine facility can be monitored in an economical manner, and the operability and reliability of the entire combined power plant can be improved.
In addition, by providing a gas component measuring device by the laser method in each part after the gas turbine combustor, the total amount of gas components that cause corrosion of the metal blades can be monitored, and the measurement window can be easily purged, etc. Since the temperature at the measurement unit is lowered, the ease of the heat insulation structure and the difficulty of measurement are also facilitated.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The air passes through the intake filter 1 and the intake duct 2, is compressed to about 15 ata by the air compressor 3, and then enters the gas turbine combustor 6.
[0016]
On the other hand, the fuel pipe 4 includes oil-based fuels such as light oil, gas-based fuels such as LNG, coal gas fuel obtained by gasification and dedusting / desulfurization of coal, gas fuel generated from steelmaking facilities such as blast furnaces, and oil refinery plants Gas fuel generated or high-temperature combustion gas from a pressurized fluidized bed boiler is supplied, passes through a control valve 5, enters a gas turbine combustor 6, and burns with the compressed air to generate high-temperature and high-pressure (about 1300 ° C., 14 data). Gas.
[0017]
The high-temperature and high-pressure gas expands in the gas turbine expander 7 and generates power in the generator 17. The expanded gas turbine exhaust gas (about 600 ° C., 600 mmAq) is sent to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 9 through the exhaust gas duct 8, generates steam 10, and is discharged from the chimney 19 through the exhaust heat recovery boiler outlet duct 16. Is done.
[0018]
The steam 10 is expanded by the steam turbine 12 through the steam control valve 11 and is generated by the generator 18. The steam 13 at the outlet of the steam turbine 12 becomes condensate in the condenser 14 and becomes water supply 15 to the exhaust heat recovery boiler.
Corrosive trace gas components such as alkali metal components such as Na, K, and V, halogen components such as Cl and F, and metal components such as Zn and Hg in the air that has passed through the intake filter 1 are installed in the intake duct 2. It is measured by a gas component measuring device 20 by a laser method.
[0019]
Corrosive trace gas components such as alkali metal components such as Na, K and V, halogen components such as Cl and F, and metal components such as Zn and Hg contained in the fuel are obtained by a laser method installed in the fuel pipe 4. It is measured by the gas component measuring device 21.
Since the total amount measured by the gas component measuring devices 20 and 21 by this laser method is the total amount that enters the gas turbine expander 7 through the gas turbine combustor 6 and causes corrosion of the metal blades, By measuring these total amounts online and comparing them with the permissible values, it is possible to determine the inspection time and to accumulate the experience to monitor the life.
[0020]
[Example 2]
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The basic plant configuration is the same as the embodiment of FIG.
However, in this embodiment, three places that can be selected as places where the gas component measuring device by the laser method is installed are shown.
That is, the gas component measuring device 22, 23 or 24 by the laser method may be installed in any of the exhaust gas duct 8, the intermediate portion of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 9 or the exhaust heat recovery boiler outlet duct 16 after the gas turbine combustor. it can.
[0021]
In this embodiment, there is an advantage that the measurement window is almost close to atmospheric pressure, and that the measurement window can be easily purged as compared with the measurement in the fuel pipe of FIG.
In addition, since the gas component measuring devices 22, 23, and 24 by the laser method decrease in order (about 600 ° C. → 100 ° C.), the difficulty of measurement such as a heat insulation structure becomes easier in that order. There are features.
[0022]
Example 3
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention. As a laser gas component measuring apparatus suitable for measuring a trace component in a gas, a laser induced breakdown method (LaBS method) and laser induced fluorescence are shown. The method (Laser Induced Fluorescence = LIF method) is used in combination.
[0023]
That is, a plasma laser 25 (laser for generating plasma induced by a laser in a measurement target) is passed through an optical window 28 with a purge 27 to a measurement field 29 in the fuel pipe 4 using a lens 26. The light is collected and gas, liquid, and solid present in it are turned into plasma.
[0024]
In synchronism with the plasma laser 25, the output of the component excitation laser 30 (laser oscillating at a wavelength corresponding to the excitation wavelength of the component to be measured in the substance) is generated in the laser-induced plasma through the mirror 31 and the lens 26. Is incident on.
Plasma emission and fluorescence emitted from the component to be measured excited by the component excitation laser light are collected by the lens 33 through the mirror 32, are incident on the spectroscope 34, and are detected by the CCD camera 35, respectively.
[0025]
Each signal is transferred to the computer 36, and the component composition of the measurement field 29 and the plasma temperature are obtained from the signal of the plasma emission, the fluorescence intensity is corrected based on the information, and the trace component present in the measurement field 29 is detected. Calculate the concentration. Reference numeral 37 denotes a line for synchronizing the oscillation of the plasma laser 25 and the component excitation laser 30 with the CCD camera 35.
As described above, in this embodiment, by using a combination of the LIBS method and the LIF method, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of a very small amount of gas components.
[0026]
Furthermore, by measuring the measurement time of the laser gas component measuring device, the corrosive trace gas component distribution is measured in the depth direction of the high-temperature / high-pressure combustion gas piping in the duct, fuel piping, and pressurized fluidized bed boiler. Is possible (effective for LIF method).
[0027]
That is, FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the pulse laser beam and fluorescence propagation and the fluorescence intensity detection time at the detector. Since the speed of the laser beam is 3 × 10 ⁸ (m / s), there is a difference (2L) in the propagation distance of the laser beam and the fluorescence between the fluorescence generated in the portion near the laser incident side and the fluorescence generated in the far portion. .
[0028]
Therefore, the pulse laser beam is output from the laser, propagates through the measurement field, and 2 L / C (C at the measurement point A and the measurement point B until the fluorescence generated in the measurement field is detected by the fluorescence detector. : Speed of light) occurs. Therefore, accurate distance information for each scattering point can be obtained by changing the measurement time of the light extractor.
[0029]
In addition, by changing the focus position of the measurement part of the laser gas component measurement device, the corrosive trace gas component distribution is measured in the depth direction of the high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas piping in the duct, fuel piping, and pressurized fluidized bed boiler. (Effective for LIBS method).
[0030]
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the relationship between the pulse laser beam and fluorescence propagation and the focal position is such that the laser beam is collected and plasma is generated (LIBS method). As a result, the energy density of the laser beam increases and plasma is generated.
[0031]
At a point other than the focal point, the plasma beam is not generated because the energy density of the laser beam decreases. Since the signal light is generated only from the plasma generator, the measurement position is specified by changing the focal position of the laser light by utilizing this property, and the component measurement in the depth direction is performed.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail based on the embodiments, in the present invention, the metal blades entering the gas turbine combustor are provided in the present invention by providing the gas component measuring device by the laser method in the intake duct and the fuel pipe of the combustion air. By monitoring the total amount of gas components that cause corrosion of the gas and comparing it with the permissible value, it becomes possible to monitor the gas turbine equipment in an economical manner, improving the operability and reliability of the entire combined power plant. I can plan. In addition, by providing a gas component measuring device by a laser method in each part after the gas turbine combustor, the total amount of gas components that cause corrosion of the metal blades can be monitored and the measurement window Purge or the like becomes easy. Furthermore, since temperature falls, the ease of a heat insulation structure and the difficulty of a measurement also become easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a combined power plant according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a combined power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an apparatus for measuring a gas component by a laser method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a trace gas component measurement method according to the prior art.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a method of changing a measurement time of a gas component measurement device by a laser method effective for the LIF method.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method of changing the focus position of a measurement unit of a gas component measurement device by a laser method effective for the LIBS method.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Intake Filter 2 Intake Duct 3 Air Compressor 4 Fuel Pipe 5 Control Valve 6 Gas Turbine Combustor 7 Gas Turbine Expander 8 Exhaust Gas Duct 9 Exhaust Heat Recovery Boiler 10, 13 Steam 11 Steam Control Valve 12 Steam Turbine 14 Condenser 15 Water supply 16 Exhaust heat recovery boiler outlet ducts 17, 18 Generator 19 Chimney 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 Gas component measuring device 25 by laser method Plasma 26, 33 Lens 27 Purge 28 Optical window 29 Target part 30 Component excitation laser 31, 32 Mirror 34 Spectrometer 35 CCD

Claims (4)

Oil fuel such as light oil, gas fuel such as LNG, coal gas fuel obtained by degassing and desulfurizing coal, gas fuel generated from steelmaking facilities such as blast furnaces, gas fuel generated from oil refining plants, or It has gas turbine equipment that generates power by expanding high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated from a pressure fluidized bed boiler, and it is generated from an exhaust heat recovery boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine equipment as a heat source, and generated from an exhaust heat recovery boiler In a combined power plant having a steam turbine power generation facility that generates power using the generated steam, an air compressor inlet air duct portion of the gas turbine facility and a fuel piping portion of the gas turbine facility inlet, or a high-temperature combustion gas piping in a pressurized fluidized bed boiler A gas component measuring device using a laser method is installed in the section through a measurement window, and high-temperature combustion is performed in air, in fuel, or in a pressurized fluidized bed boiler. The corrosion tactile properties trace gases in the gas was measured online by laser, combined cycle power plant, characterized in that for monitoring the cascade such high temperature components of a gas turbine. Oil fuel such as light oil, gas fuel such as LNG, coal gas fuel obtained by degassing and desulfurizing coal, gas fuel generated from steelmaking facilities such as blast furnaces, gas fuel generated from oil refining plants, or It has gas turbine equipment that generates power by expanding high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas generated from a pressure fluidized bed boiler, and generates heat from an exhaust heat recovery boiler that generates steam using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as a heat source. In a combined power plant having a steam turbine power generation facility that generates power using steam, a gas component measuring device by a laser method is provided through a measurement window at an exhaust duct portion at the outlet of the gas turbine facility or an intermediate portion or outlet portion of an exhaust heat recovery boiler. , And measure the trace amount of corrosive gas components in the gas turbine exhaust gas with a laser on-line, and monitor high-temperature parts such as blade rows of gas turbine equipment Combined cycle power plant, which comprises carrying out. 3. The combined power plant according to claim 1, wherein the gas component measuring device using a laser method is a measuring device combining a laser-induced breakdown method and a laser-induced fluorescence method. 4. In the combined power plant according to claim 1, 2 or 3, by changing the measurement time of the gas component measurement device by the laser method, or by changing the focal position of the measurement unit of the gas component measurement device by the laser method, In the duct, fuel pipe, and pressurized fluidized bed boiler, the corrosion trace gas component distribution is measured in the depth direction of the high-temperature / high-pressure combustion gas pipe, and high-temperature parts such as blade rows of gas turbine equipment are monitored. And a combined power plant.

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