JP3643648B2 - Car accident monitoring device - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3643648B2
JP3643648B2 JP16291196A JP16291196A JP3643648B2 JP 3643648 B2 JP3643648 B2 JP 3643648B2 JP 16291196 A JP16291196 A JP 16291196A JP 16291196 A JP16291196 A JP 16291196A JP 3643648 B2 JP3643648 B2 JP 3643648B2
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accident
sound
collision sound
intersection
time
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JPH1011694A (en
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伸輔 矢野
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C5/00Registering or indicating the working of vehicles
    • G07C5/08Registering or indicating performance data other than driving, working, idle, or waiting time, with or without registering driving, working, idle or waiting time
    • G07C5/0841Registering performance data
    • G07C5/0875Registering performance data using magnetic data carriers
    • G07C5/0891Video recorder in combination with video camera

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は自動車事故監視装置に関し、特に交通事故時の衝突音を検出して交通事故の発生を検出する場合に適用して有用なものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来技術に係るこの種の装置を図8に示す。同図に示すように、当該装置では交差点に2台のビデオカメラ01を設置し、映像データ記録部02で交差点の映像を記録し続ける。事故発生の通報があった場合には、映像データ記録部02で記録した映像データの中から事故発生時のデータを探し、事故発生状況を再生する(「交差点事故記録装置」、京三サーキュラ、VOL.46、NO.4、1995)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の如き従来技術に係る装置では、事故を自動で発見できないため、常時撮影した映像データを記録し、事故発生の通報の後に、事故発生状況を把握するために、保存した映像データの中から事故発生時の映像データを探すのに手間がかかる。
【0004】
本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑み、特定の交通事故を選択的に検出し得る自動車事故監視装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を達成するに当り次の様な知見を基礎とするものである。
【0006】
1) 自動車同志の事故時における車体衝突の際に発生する音には人工的に発生した音と較べて周波数帯域が広く、可聴音より上の周波数成分があるという特徴がある。
【0007】
2) 車体衝突以外でも道路沿いでガラスが割れると同時に音が発生し、誤検出する可能性があるため、音源が交差点内であることを特徴とする必要がある。また、交差点の工事の音等の人工的に発生する大きな音による誤動作を防いで衝突音を検出する必要がある。
【0008】
かかる知見に基づく本発明の構成は次の点を特徴とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成する本発明の構成は、次の点を特徴とする。
1) 交差点に配置を違えて複数設置したマイクにより常時受信した音の内、各マイクが衝突音を受信した時間差から衝突音の音源を特定し事故が交差点内で発生していることを確認すると共に、前記衝突音の検知により、前記交差点に設置したカメラが撮像した映像データのうち事故発生時の映像データを記録するようにしたこと。
2) 交差点に配置を違えて複数設置したマイクにより常時受信した音の内、各マイクが衝突音を受信した時間差から衝突音の音源を特定し事故が交差点内で発生していることを確認すると共に、前記衝突音の検知により、前記交差点に設置したカメラと通報部及び事故時データ記録部により事故時の状況映像を記録し、当該記録を事故データとして所定部署へ送出すること。
) 上記1)又は2)に記載する自動車事故監視装置において、
事故発生時の信号機の状態を併せて記録すること。
) 上記1)乃至)の何れか一つに記載する自動車事故監視装置において、
常時受信した音の内、超音波周波数帯域を処理して衝突音を検出すること。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【0014】
本形態は十字交差点で使用する場合である。図1に示すように、交差点の4隅の各角には4個のマイク1,2,3,4が配設してあり、また交差点内を十分見渡せる様に対角の位置に2台のビデオカメラ5,6が配設してある。4個のマイク1〜4で受信した音は、各マイク1〜4に対応して設けた衝突音検出部7,8,9,10で処理し、事故発生時には衝突音検出部7〜10で処理したデータを収集して所定の処理を行なう事故発生場所判定部11で事故時のデータを記録し、通報処理部12を経由して事故の発生した交差点の場所、事故発生時刻、事故発生時の信号機の状態及び映像データを警察署へ通報する。
【0015】
図2は本形態に係る装置でブロック線図である。同図に示すように、衝突音検出部7はマイク1、超音波周波数帯エネルギ抽出及びディジタル化部13、立上り検出部14、立下り検出部15及び衝突音受信時刻判定部16を有している。この衝突音検出部7は他のマイク2〜4に関しても同様に構成してある。したがって図示は省略する。
【0016】
図3は衝突音検出部7を抽出して詳細に示すブロック線図である。同図に示すように、超音波周波数帯域エネルギ抽出及びディジタル化部13では、各マイク1で受信した音を超音波周波数帯域(30kHz 〜50kHz )のみ通すフィルタ17に通した後に2乗検波部18で2乗検波し、超音波周波数帯域のエネルギを取り出す。後で事故発生場所を1m以内の精度で特定するために、A/D変換器19によりフィルタ17の出力信号を2ms周期(音が約70cm進む時間に相当)でディジタル変換する。
【0017】
立上り検出部14及び立下り検出部15で行なう衝突音パルスの立上り及び立下りは次の知見を基礎とするものである。これを図4に基づき説明する。
【0018】
<検出する衝突音パルスのレベル及び持続時間>
まず、事故発生前の交差点の雑音レベルを考える。通常の交差点の雑音レベルは騒々しい事務所の値である70dB程度と電車内の同程度の値である80dB程度の間であると考えられる(参考文献:「騒音対策と消音設計」福田基一、奥田襄介著)。
【0019】
次に、事故発生時の衝突音レベルを考える。自動車対自動車の変形時にピーク音が発生すると考えられ、そのレベルはうるさい工場の値である110dBより高いと考えられる(参考文献:「騒音対策と消音設計」福田基一、奥田襄介著)。また、ピーク音の持続時間は車体の変形時間である70〜200msであると考えられる(参考文献:「自動車事故鑑定工学」:林洋一著)。
【0020】
最後にピーク音発生後に減衰していく衝突音のレベルを考える。この音は、車体の変形終了後に、自動車内部で遅れる衝突音と、地面や道路の反射によって遅れて到達する衝突音が重なったものであると考えられる。
【0021】
自動車の内部で遅れる音は、車体内部の座席部などの空間で共振している間に、時間の経過に伴ってエネルギを車体に吸収されて減衰した音が、車体表面の遮蔽効果により減衰した後に、車外へ漏れ出したものであると考えられる。遮蔽効果による減衰量は、車体表面が0.2mm以上あることを考えると、今回処理する超音波周波数帯では20dB以上と考えられる(参考文献:「騒音対策と消音設計」福田基一、奥田襄介著)。これに時間の経過に伴う車内でのエネルギ吸収分を加えた分、自動車内部で遅れる音は減衰する。
【0022】
一方、道路及び建物等で反射して遅れて到達する音は、遅れた時間の分だけ余分の距離を伝播することによる減衰量と、反射時にエネルギが吸収されることによる減衰量を加えた分だけ減衰したものであると考えられる。このうち、遅れた時間の分の減衰量として、反射せずに直接受信した衝突音のレベルと反射して受信した衝突音のレベルの比(L)を考えると、受信する音のレベルは発信源からの距離の2乗に反比例することにより、以下の式で表される。
【数1】

Figure 0003643648
【0023】
ここで、車体衝突時刻から衝突音を直接受信した時刻までの時間をTd(ms)、直接衝突音を受信した時刻から反射後の衝突音を受信した時刻までの時間をTr、音速をcとした。
【0024】
縦横10m程度の交差点では、音速を340mとすると、Td=10m÷340m/s≒30msとなるため、式(1)より遅れた時間の分の減衰量だけで、反射によって50ms遅れた衝突音は、直接受信した衝突音に比べ約8dB、100ms遅れた衝突音は約12dB、200ms遅れた衝突音は約17dB減衰することがわかる。これに反射時のエネルギ吸収分を加えた分、反射によって遅れて到達する衝突音は減衰する。
【0025】
以上のことから、衝突パルスの立ち上がり時には、事故発生前の雑音レベルから、30dB以上レベルが大きくなり、その後70〜200msの間ピークが持続した後、立ち下がり時は徐々に減衰し、100ms後でピークレベルより10dB以上減衰する。
【0026】
かかる知見に基づく衝突音立ち上がり検出は次の様にして行なう。図3に示すようにまず、450msの間、50ms毎の10個のデータの平均値を計算して事故発生前の交差点の雑音レベルとし、ピーク値の持続時間の短いノイズによる誤検出を防ぐために、その直後の70msの間、10ms毎の8個のデータの平均値を計算して衝突音のピーク値とする。両者を比較し、事故発生前の雑音レベルと衝突音のピーク値の差が30dB以上あれば衝突音の立ち上がりを検出したことになる。
【0027】
衝突音立ち下がり検出は次の様にして行なう。図3に示すように、立ち上がり検出から、30ms(ピーク値持続時間200ms+100ms)の間隔をあけて、450msの間、50ms毎の10個のデータの平均値を計算し、減衰した衝突音のレベルとする。このレベルと立ち上がり検出で計算した衝突音のピークレベルと遅れて受信された衝突音のレベルを比較し、差が10dB以上あれば衝突音の立ち下がりを検出したことになる。
【0028】
衝突音パルス受信時刻判定は次の様にして行なう。図3に示すように、立ち上がり及び立ち下がり処理を同時に2ms間隔で実施して、両方が成立したときに、その時刻で衝突音パルスを検出したと判断する。後段の事故発生場所判定部11で10秒間の映像データを処理するため、一度衝突音パルスを検出したら、10秒間は立ち上がりと立ち下がりの処理結果を無視する。
【0029】
図2に示す事故発生場所判定部11は受信信号時間差計算部17及び事故位置判定部18を有する。受信信号時間差計算部17は4個のマイク1〜4でそれぞれ集音し、衝突音検出部7で所定の処理を行なうことにより得られる衝突音受信時刻のデータに基づき各受信信号の時間差を計算し、次の事故位置判定部18で事故の位置を特定しそのデータを通報処理部12に送出する。
【0030】
すなわち、マイク1で最も早く衝突音パルスを受信したとすると、マイク1とマイク2〜4で衝突音パルスを受信した時間差を計算し、次式(2)〜(8)を使用して、衝突音パルスが発生した位置を特定する。2ms間隔で処理することにより、1m以下の精度で衝突音パルスの位置を特定できるため、交差点内かどうかを十分判断することができる。
【0031】
ここで4個のマイク1〜4を使用する音源(衝突音)の発生位置の検出原理を図5に基づき説明しておく。図5に示すように、各マイク1〜4間の位置を直交座標系で表す。マイク1とマイク2のX方向の距離をX1、Y方向の距離をY1、マイク1とマイク3のX方向の距離をX2、Y方向の距離をY2、マイク1とマイク4のX方向の距離をX3、Y方向の距離をY3とする。4つのマイク1〜4の内、最も早く衝突音パルスを受信したマイク1の受信時刻と他の3つのマイク2〜4との受信時間差を計算する。
【0032】
マイク1と衝突音パルスが発生した場所との距離をr、マイク1と衝突音パルス発生場所を結んだ直線と、マイク1とマイク2を結んだ直線とのなす角度をθとする。また、音速をcとする。マイク1とマイク2〜4の受信時間差は以下の式で表せる。
【数2】
Figure 0003643648
【0033】
式(7),(8),(9)で求めたX及びYが衝突音発生場所の位置となるので、これが交差点内かどうかを判断する。この処理により交差点外で発生した衝突音と似た特徴をもった音を除去することができる。
【0034】
図2に示す通報処理部12は通報部19、事故時データ記録部20及び交差点状況一時保管部21を有する。交差点状況一時保管部21はビデオカメラ5,6の映像信号及び信号機のリアルタイムの状態を表わす信号機データを記憶するとともに必要に応じ事故時データ記録部20に所定のデータを送出する。通報部19は事故発生が検知された場合に事故時データ記録部20が記録する所定のデータを警察署に送出する。
【0035】
さらに詳言すると、図6に示すように、交差点内の映像データ及び信号機の状態は1秒間毎にデータを10箇所に分けて常時記憶する。1秒間毎のデータは記憶して10秒後には上書きされるようにすることによって、最新の10秒間のデータを常時保管している。事故発生を確認したら、記憶している最新10秒間のデータを通報処理部12内の事故データ記憶部20に保存し、事故の発生した交差点の場所、事故発生時刻、信号機の状況及び映像データを警察署へ通報する。
【0036】
かかる本形態の作用は次の通りである。
【0037】
<交差点内で発生した雑音の除去>
図7に示すように、自動車対自動車の衝突時に発生する衝突音は、可聴音帯域だけでなく、超音波帯域の音も含んだ持続時間の短いパルスと考えられる。一方、交差点内で発生する大きな音として、工事に使用する機械から発生する音がある。この音は多少変動しながら、連続して発生する音と考えられるため、パルスを検出する処理を実施することによって、工事の音を除去することができる。また、交差点内の定常的な雑音として、自動車のエンジン音等の可聴音帯域の雑音があるため、衝突音の持つ超音波帯域の音を処理することによって、可聴音帯域の雑音を除去することができる。
【0038】
<衝突音パルスの検出方法>
衝突音のパルスを検出するために、衝突音パルスの立ち上がりと立ち下がりを考える。衝突音の立ち上がり時には、事故発生前の交差点の雑音レベルから、衝突時の車体変形によって発生する音が急激に立ち上がり、車体の変形が終了するまでの間ピークが持続する。車体変形終了後には、自動車内部で遅れたり、地面や建物の反射で遅れて発生する衝突音が重なるため、衝突音パルスの立ち下がりは徐々に減衰するものとなる(図7参照)。この衝突音パルスの特性を利用し、衝突音の持続時間、ピークレベル及び立ち下がり時の減衰レベルを決定することによって、衝突音パルスを検出することができる。
【0039】
<交差点外で発生した衝突音に似た特徴を持つ音の除去>
交差点にマイク1〜4を4つ以上設置し、それぞれのマイク間1〜4で衝突音を受信した時間差から受信した音が交差点内で発生したものかを確認することができる。
【0040】
このときのマイクの数に特に制限はない。音源が特定できる数であれば良い。
【0041】
上述の如き所定の処理をした後、通報処理部を介して必要な情報を例えば警察署等へ送出する。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
以上実施の形態とともに具体的に説明したように本発明によれば、事故を自動で発見することにより、事故発生時の映像データのみ記録することができるので、事故状況を把握するために、常時記録しているデータから事故データを探す必要がなくなる。また、事故発生状況を警察署へ通報することにより、事故処理を迅速に実施できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態に係る装置のレイアウトを示す説明図。
【図2】上記実施の形態に係る装置の全体的なブロック線図。
【図3】衝突音検出部を抽出して詳細に示すブロック線図。
【図4】上記実施の形態に係る衝突音の検出原理を説明するための説明図。
【図5】上記実施の形態における衝突音の音源特定原理を説明するための説明図。
【図6】通報処理部を抽出して詳細に示すブロック線図。
【図7】交差点内における音のエネルギ特性を示すグラフ。
【図8】従来技術を概念的に示す説明図。
【符号の説明】
1,2,3,4 マイク
5,6 ビデオカメラ
7,8,9,10 衝突音検出部
11 事故発生場所判定部
12 通報処理部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an automobile accident monitoring apparatus, and is particularly useful when applied to the detection of a traffic accident by detecting a collision sound during a traffic accident.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A device of this type according to the prior art is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, in the apparatus, two video cameras 01 are installed at the intersection, and the video data recording unit 02 continues to record the video at the intersection. If there is a report of the occurrence of an accident, search for the data at the time of the accident from the video data recorded by the video data recording unit 02, and reproduce the accident occurrence status ("intersection accident recording device", Kyosan Circular, VOL. 46, No. 4, 1995).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since the conventional apparatus as described above cannot automatically detect an accident, it always records video data that has been taken and, after reporting the occurrence of an accident, from the stored video data in order to grasp the accident occurrence status. It takes time to find the video data at the time of the accident.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide an automobile accident monitoring apparatus capable of selectively detecting a specific traffic accident in view of the above-described prior art.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on the following knowledge to achieve the above object.
[0006]
1) The sound generated at the time of a vehicle collision at the time of an accident between vehicles is characterized by having a wider frequency band than the artificially generated sound and having a frequency component above the audible sound.
[0007]
2) Since the sound may be generated at the same time as the glass breaks along the road even when the vehicle is not in a vehicle collision, the sound source must be in the intersection. In addition, it is necessary to detect a collision sound by preventing an erroneous operation due to a loud sound generated artificially such as a construction sound at an intersection.
[0008]
The configuration of the present invention based on such knowledge is characterized by the following points.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The configuration of the present invention that achieves the above object is characterized by the following points.
1) From among the sounds that are always received by multiple microphones that are placed differently at the intersection, identify the sound source of the collision sound from the time difference at which each microphone received the collision sound, and confirm that the accident occurred at the intersection. In addition, by detecting the collision sound, the video data at the time of the accident out of the video data captured by the camera installed at the intersection is recorded.
2) Among the sounds that are always received by multiple microphones installed at different intersections, identify the sound source of the collision sound from the time difference at which each microphone received the collision sound, and confirm that an accident occurred at the intersection. At the same time, upon detection of the collision sound, the situation video at the time of the accident is recorded by the camera installed at the intersection, the reporting unit and the data recording unit at the time of the accident, and the record is transmitted as accident data to a predetermined department.
3 ) In the automobile accident monitoring apparatus described in 1) or 2 ) above,
Record the signal condition at the time of the accident.
4 ) In the automobile accident monitoring device described in any one of 1) to 3 ) above,
To detect the collision sound by processing the ultrasonic frequency band among the sound received constantly.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
This form is a case where it is used at a crossing. As shown in FIG. 1, four microphones 1, 2, 3, 4 are arranged at each corner of the intersection, and two microphones are arranged diagonally so that the inside of the intersection can be fully viewed. Video cameras 5 and 6 are provided. Sounds received by the four microphones 1 to 4 are processed by the collision sound detection units 7, 8, 9, and 10 provided corresponding to the microphones 1 to 4, and when an accident occurs, the collision sound detection units 7 to 10 perform processing. The data at the time of the accident is recorded by the accident occurrence place determination unit 11 that collects the processed data and performs predetermined processing, and the location of the intersection where the accident occurred, the time of occurrence of the accident, and the time of occurrence of the accident via the notification processing unit 12 Report the status of the traffic lights and video data to the police station.
[0015]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the collision sound detection unit 7 includes a microphone 1, an ultrasonic frequency band energy extraction and digitization unit 13, a rise detection unit 14, a fall detection unit 15, and a collision sound reception time determination unit 16. Yes. The collision sound detection unit 7 is configured similarly for the other microphones 2 to 4. Therefore, illustration is abbreviate | omitted.
[0016]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the details of the collision sound detector 7 extracted. As shown in the figure, the ultrasonic frequency band energy extraction and digitization unit 13 passes the sound received by each microphone 1 through a filter 17 that passes only the ultrasonic frequency band (30 kHz to 50 kHz), and then the square detection unit 18. And square detection to extract energy in the ultrasonic frequency band. In order to specify the location of the accident later with an accuracy of 1 m or less, the A / D converter 19 digitally converts the output signal of the filter 17 in a cycle of 2 ms (corresponding to a time required for the sound to travel about 70 cm).
[0017]
The rise and fall of the collision sound pulse performed by the rise detection unit 14 and the fall detection unit 15 are based on the following knowledge. This will be described with reference to FIG.
[0018]
<Level and duration of collision sound pulse to be detected>
First, consider the noise level at the intersection before the accident. The noise level of a normal intersection is considered to be between about 70 dB, which is a noisy office value, and about 80 dB, which is the same value in a train (reference: “Noise countermeasures and noise reduction design” by Fukuda Motoi I, written by Keisuke Okuda).
[0019]
Next, consider the impact sound level when an accident occurs. It is considered that peak noise is generated during the car-to-car deformation, and the level is considered to be higher than 110 dB, which is a noisy factory value (reference: “Noise countermeasures and noise reduction design” by Kazuichi Fukuda and Keisuke Okuda). Moreover, it is thought that the duration of a peak sound is 70-200 ms which is a deformation time of a vehicle body (reference document: “Automotive accident identification engineering”: Yoichi Hayashi).
[0020]
Finally, consider the level of impact sound that decays after the peak sound is generated. This sound is considered to be a result of the collision sound delayed inside the automobile after the end of deformation of the vehicle body and the collision sound arriving late due to reflection of the ground or road.
[0021]
The sound that is delayed inside the car is resonating in the space such as the seat inside the car body, and the sound that is absorbed and attenuated by the car body over time is attenuated by the shielding effect on the car body surface. It is thought that it leaked out of the car later. The attenuation due to the shielding effect is considered to be 20 dB or more in the ultrasonic frequency band to be processed this time considering that the surface of the vehicle body is 0.2 mm or more (reference: “Noise countermeasures and muffling design”, Motoichi Fukuda, Kei Okuda Assisted). The sound that is delayed inside the automobile is attenuated by adding the amount of energy absorption in the car over time.
[0022]
On the other hand, the sound that arrives late after being reflected by roads and buildings, etc. is the sum of the amount of attenuation due to propagation of the extra distance by the amount of time delayed and the amount of attenuation due to energy absorption during reflection. It is thought that it was only attenuated. Among these, as the amount of attenuation for the delayed time, considering the ratio (L) of the level of the collision sound received directly without reflection and the level of the collision sound received after reflection, the level of the received sound is the transmission By being inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source, it is expressed by the following equation.
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003643648
[0023]
Here, the time from the vehicle body collision time to the time when the collision sound is directly received is Td (ms), the time from the time when the direct collision sound is received to the time when the reflected collision sound is received is Tr, and the speed of sound is c. did.
[0024]
At an intersection of about 10 m in length and width, assuming that the sound speed is 340 m, Td = 10 m ÷ 340 m / s≈30 ms. Therefore, the collision sound delayed by 50 ms due to reflection with only the attenuation amount of the time delayed from the equation (1) is It can be seen that the collision sound delayed by about 8 dB and 100 ms compared with the directly received collision sound is attenuated by about 12 dB and the collision sound delayed by 200 ms by about 17 dB. The impact sound that arrives late due to reflection is attenuated by adding the energy absorption at the time of reflection.
[0025]
From the above, when the collision pulse rises, the noise level increases by 30 dB or more from the noise level before the accident occurs, and after that, the peak continues for 70 to 200 ms, and then gradually decays at the fall and after 100 ms. Attenuates 10 dB or more from the peak level.
[0026]
The collision sound rise detection based on such knowledge is performed as follows. As shown in FIG. 3, first, the average value of 10 data every 50 ms is calculated for 450 ms to obtain the noise level at the intersection before the accident occurs, in order to prevent false detection due to noise with short peak value duration. During the next 70 ms, the average value of 8 data every 10 ms is calculated as the peak value of the collision sound. By comparing the two, if the difference between the noise level before the accident and the peak value of the collision sound is 30 dB or more, the rising of the collision sound is detected.
[0027]
The collision sound fall detection is performed as follows. As shown in FIG. 3, the average value of 10 data every 50 ms is calculated for 450 ms at intervals of 30 ms (peak value duration 200 ms + 100 ms) from the rising edge detection, To do. This level is compared with the peak level of the collision sound calculated by the rising detection and the level of the collision sound received with a delay, and if the difference is 10 dB or more, the falling of the collision sound is detected.
[0028]
The collision sound pulse reception time is determined as follows. As shown in FIG. 3, the rising and falling processes are simultaneously performed at intervals of 2 ms, and when both are established, it is determined that a collision sound pulse has been detected at that time. In order to process the video data for 10 seconds in the subsequent accident occurrence location determination unit 11, once the collision sound pulse is detected, the processing result of rising and falling is ignored for 10 seconds.
[0029]
The accident occurrence place determination unit 11 shown in FIG. 2 includes a reception signal time difference calculation unit 17 and an accident position determination unit 18. The reception signal time difference calculation unit 17 collects the sound with each of the four microphones 1 to 4 and calculates the time difference between the reception signals based on the data of the collision sound reception time obtained by performing predetermined processing in the collision sound detection unit 7. Then, the next accident position determination unit 18 specifies the position of the accident and sends the data to the notification processing unit 12.
[0030]
That is, when the collision sound pulse is received earliest by the microphone 1, the time difference between the reception of the collision sound pulse by the microphone 1 and the microphones 2 to 4 is calculated, and the collision is calculated using the following equations (2) to (8). The position where the sound pulse is generated is specified. By processing at intervals of 2 ms, the position of the collision sound pulse can be specified with an accuracy of 1 m or less, so it is possible to sufficiently determine whether or not the vehicle is within an intersection.
[0031]
Here, the detection principle of the generation position of the sound source (collision sound) using the four microphones 1 to 4 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the positions between the microphones 1 to 4 are represented by an orthogonal coordinate system. The distance between the microphone 1 and the microphone 2 in the X direction is X1, the distance in the Y direction is Y1, the distance between the microphone 1 and the microphone 3 in the X direction is X2, the distance in the Y direction is Y2, and the distance between the microphone 1 and the microphone 4 in the X direction. Is X3, and the distance in the Y direction is Y3. Of the four microphones 1 to 4, the reception time difference between the reception time of the microphone 1 that has received the collision sound pulse earliest and the other three microphones 2 to 4 is calculated.
[0032]
The distance between the microphone 1 and the location where the collision sound pulse is generated is r, and the angle between the straight line connecting the microphone 1 and the location where the collision sound pulse is generated and the straight line connecting the microphone 1 and the microphone 2 is θ. In addition, the speed of sound is c. The reception time difference between the microphone 1 and the microphones 2 to 4 can be expressed by the following equation.
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003643648
[0033]
Since X and Y obtained by the equations (7), (8), and (9) are the positions of the collision sound generation location, it is determined whether or not this is within the intersection. By this process, it is possible to remove a sound having characteristics similar to the collision sound generated outside the intersection.
[0034]
The notification processing unit 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a notification unit 19, an accident data recording unit 20, and an intersection situation temporary storage unit 21. The intersection situation temporary storage unit 21 stores video signals of the video cameras 5 and 6 and traffic signal data representing the real-time state of the traffic signal, and sends predetermined data to the accident data recording unit 20 as necessary. When the occurrence of an accident is detected, the reporting unit 19 sends predetermined data recorded by the accident data recording unit 20 to the police station.
[0035]
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, the video data in the intersection and the state of the traffic light are always stored in 10 locations every second. Data for every second is stored and overwritten after 10 seconds, so that the latest 10 seconds of data is always stored. When the occurrence of the accident is confirmed, the stored data for the last 10 seconds is stored in the accident data storage unit 20 in the notification processing unit 12, and the location of the intersection where the accident occurred, the time when the accident occurred, the status of the traffic signal, and the video data are stored. Report to the police station.
[0036]
The operation of this embodiment is as follows.
[0037]
<Removal of noise generated at intersections>
As shown in FIG. 7, the collision sound generated at the time of a car-to-car collision is considered to be a short-duration pulse including not only an audible sound band but also an ultrasonic band sound. On the other hand, there is a sound generated from a machine used for construction as a loud sound generated in an intersection. Since this sound is considered to be generated continuously with some fluctuations, it is possible to remove the construction sound by performing a process of detecting a pulse. In addition, there is noise in the audible sound band such as the engine sound of automobiles as stationary noise in the intersection, so the noise in the audible sound band can be removed by processing the sound in the ultrasonic band of the collision sound. Can do.
[0038]
<Collision sound pulse detection method>
In order to detect the pulse of the collision sound, the rise and fall of the collision sound pulse are considered. At the time of the rise of the collision sound, the noise generated by the vehicle body deformation at the time of collision suddenly rises from the noise level at the intersection before the accident occurs, and the peak continues until the vehicle body deformation ends. After the deformation of the vehicle body, collision noises that are delayed inside the vehicle or delayed due to reflections from the ground or the building overlap, so that the falling of the collision sound pulse gradually attenuates (see FIG. 7). The collision sound pulse can be detected by determining the duration of the collision sound, the peak level, and the attenuation level at the time of falling using the characteristics of the collision sound pulse.
[0039]
<Removal of sounds with characteristics similar to collision sounds generated outside intersections>
Four or more microphones 1 to 4 are installed at the intersection, and it can be confirmed whether the sound received from the time difference between the microphones 1 to 4 is generated within the intersection.
[0040]
There is no particular limitation on the number of microphones at this time. Any number can be used as long as the sound source can be specified.
[0041]
After performing the predetermined processing as described above, necessary information is transmitted to, for example, a police station through the notification processing unit.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As specifically described above with the embodiment, according to the present invention, only the video data at the time of the accident can be recorded by automatically detecting the accident. There is no need to search for accident data from the recorded data. In addition, the accident handling can be carried out quickly by reporting the accident occurrence status to the police station.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a layout of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overall block diagram of the apparatus according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing details of an extracted collision sound detection unit.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a detection principle of a collision sound according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a sound source identification principle of a collision sound in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the details of the report processing unit.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing sound energy characteristics in an intersection.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram conceptually showing the prior art.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 2, 3, 4 Microphones 5, 6 Video camera 7, 8, 9, 10 Collision sound detection unit 11 Accident occurrence location determination unit 12 Notification processing unit

Claims (4)

交差点に配置を違えて複数設置したマイクにより常時受信した音の内、各マイクが衝突音を受信した時間差から衝突音の音源を特定し事故が交差点内で発生していることを確認すると共に、前記衝突音の検知により、前記交差点に設置したカメラが撮像した映像データのうち事故発生時の映像データを記録するようにしたことを特徴とする自動車事故監視装置。 While identifying the sound source of the collision sound from the time difference when each microphone received the collision sound among the sounds always received by multiple microphones arranged differently at the intersection and confirming that the accident occurred in the intersection, An automobile accident monitoring apparatus, wherein video data at the time of an accident is recorded among video data captured by a camera installed at the intersection upon detection of the collision sound . 交差点に配置を違えて複数設置したマイクにより常時受信した音の内、各マイクが衝突音を受信した時間差から衝突音の音源を特定し事故が交差点内で発生していることを確認すると共に、前記衝突音の検知により、前記交差点に設置したカメラと通報部及び事故時データ記録部により事故時の状況映像を記録し、当該記録を事故データとして所定部署へ送出することを特徴とする自動車事故監視装置。 While identifying the sound source of the collision sound from the time difference when each microphone received the collision sound among the sounds always received by multiple microphones arranged differently at the intersection and confirming that the accident occurred in the intersection, A car accident characterized by recording a situation video at the time of accident by a camera installed at the intersection, a notification unit and an accident data recording unit upon detection of the collision sound, and sending the record as accident data to a predetermined department Monitoring device. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の自動車事故監視装置において、
事故発生時の信号機の状態を併せて記録することを特徴とする自動車事故監視装置。
In the automobile accident monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A vehicle accident monitoring device that records the state of a traffic light at the time of an accident.
請求項1乃至請求項の何れか一つに記載する自動車事故監視装置において、
常時受信した音の内、超音波周波数帯域を処理して衝突音を検出することを特徴とする自動車事故監視装置。
In the automobile accident monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
An automobile accident monitoring apparatus characterized by detecting a collision sound by processing an ultrasonic frequency band in a constantly received sound.
JP16291196A 1996-06-24 1996-06-24 Car accident monitoring device Expired - Fee Related JP3643648B2 (en)

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