JP3643243B2

JP3643243B2 - Supply water storage method

Info

Publication number: JP3643243B2
Application number: JP24537598A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 章斤石塚; 昭宏若林; 正孝丹治; 典之沼田; 広幸桑畑
Original assignee: Kyushu Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Current assignee: Kyushu Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Priority date: 1998-08-31
Filing date: 1998-08-31
Publication date: 2005-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 2018-08-31
Also published as: JP2000070946A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は必要に応じて供給する水をタンク内に貯えておく供給水の貯留方法に係わり、特に、貯水タンク内における供給水中の微生物（水道法およびその関連法令規則に記載の細菌）の殺菌に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
震災等の有事の際に飲料水レベルに殺菌浄化された生活水を罹災者に供給するために、貯水タンクを地下に埋設し遮断弁を介して水道管と直結させておき、平常時は貯水タンクの前後に設置している遮断弁を開放しておいて水道水を貯水タンクを通過させてから各家庭等に給水し、有事の際は、貯水タンクの前後における遮断弁を動作させて貯水タンクと水道管を切離し、貯水タンクに別途設けた取水口から貯水を供給するようにしたものが特開昭５６−１３９３２１号公報などで提案されている。
【０００３】
この従来技術は、貯水タンクにおける貯水が浄水場で殺菌浄化された新鮮な水道水そのものであるから、有事の際にさらに殺菌浄化を行なうことなく、直ちに貯水タンクから給水することができる利点を備えている。
【０００４】
水道水は人体への影響を考慮して遊離残留塩素濃度を０．１ｐｐｍ以上に保持できる程度にしているために、水道管路における流水量が少ないあるいは動圧が低い場合には、貯水タンクにおける貯水の循環に時間が掛かり、遊離残留塩素が水中の他の物質と結合して濃度が低下し、殺菌効果が低下する。
【０００５】
それで、貯水タンクを水道管路の末端部に設置することができず、末端部の罹災者に生活水を供給することができない恐れがある。
【０００６】
そこで、水道管路とは独立した形で貯水タンクを設け、貯水タンクに水質維持装置を付属させて水質の維持を図るものが特開平７−１３２２９９号公報で提案されている。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、水道管路とは独立した形で貯水タンクを設けた上記従来技術では、残留塩素計やｐＨ計の検出結果に基づいて薬品を定期的に投入して水質の維持を図っており、水質維持に費用が掛かる。
【０００８】
それゆえ、本発明の目的は、貯留場所について制限がなくしかも費用を掛けることなく水質を維持することができる供給水の貯留方法を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成する本発明の特徴とするところは、貯水タンクに供給水を注入して、次に該貯水タンクに付属した電解手段で電解処理を行なって注入された該貯水タンク内における供給水中の微生物を死滅させるに充分な濃度まで遊離残留塩素を供給し、以後、必要に応じて水を供給するまで上記貯水タンク内に供給水を保管しておくことにある。
【００１０】
または、貯水タンクに供給水を注入して、次に該貯水タンクに付属した電解手段で電解処理を行なって注入された該貯水タンク内における供給水中の微生物を死滅させるに充分な濃度まで遊離残留塩素を供給し、その後該供給水中の遊離残留塩素の濃度を計測して計測値が０．１ｐｐｍ未満であればその濃度が１．０ｐｐｍ以下の任意の濃度になるまで該電解手段で電解処理を行って該処理を停止し、以後、必要に応じて水を供給するまで該濃度計測と電解処理を繰り返すことにある。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。まず、図１は、本発明供給水の貯留方法が使用可能である貯留式給水装置の概略縦断面図であり、図２は、図１に示した貯留式給水装置の配管ならびに電気系統を示す図である。
【００１２】
図１において、１は大地Ｅに埋設された鉄筋コンクリートの基盤で、基盤１上に貯水タンク２と機械室３が設置固定されている。これらは大地Ｅに穴を掘って基盤１を形成し、その上に貯水タンク２と機械室３を設置固定して後述する所要の配管工事などをして土砂を穴に戻し、埋設したものである。貯水タンク２の給水口２ａにはマンホール４が設けられ、給水口２ａは中蓋５そしてマンホール４は外蓋６で地上と遮断されている。貯水タンク２に外蓋６と中蓋５を開けて給水車などにより給水口２ａから貯留水Ｗが供給される。この時、必要に応じて塩分ＮａＣｌも供給される。貯水タンク２と機械室３は配管７ａ〜７ｄで接続されている。配管７ａ〜７ｃは貯留水Ｗを循環するためのもの、配管７ｄは給水口２ａに溜るガスを大気中に放出するためのものである。配管７ａと７ｂは貯水タンク２の抜出口２ｂ、２ｃに、配管７ｃは貯水タンク２の戻口２ｄに挿通され、配管７ｄは貯水タンク２のガス抜出口２ｅに挿通されている。
【００１３】
機械室３内の配管７ａと７ｂは電磁弁８ａ、８ｂを介して循環ポンプ９と接続されている。循環ポンプ９から出た配管７ｅに順次電磁弁８ｃ、残留塩素計１０、貯留水に対して電気化学的処理を行う電解装置１１、気液分離装置１２が接続され、さらに電磁弁８ｄを経て配管７ｃと接続されている。循環ポンプ９と電磁弁８ｃの間の配管７ｅには圧力スイッチ１３が設置され、また分岐配管７ｆが接続されている。機械室３内の配管７ｄには、貯水タンク２側から見て順次一方通行の電磁弁８ｅ、フィルタ１４、吸引ポンプ１５が接続されている。
【００１４】
機械室３内にはさらに制御盤１６、自家発電装置１７および非常用蓄電池１８が設置されている。作業者は、機械室３内に基台１９に設けたマンホール２０を介して梯子２１で立ち入ることができる。基台１９上に給水塔２２が設置され、配管７ｄ、７ｆが機械室３から導入され、配管７ｆには電磁弁８ｆ〜８ｈを介して蛇口２３、ホース接続用栓２４が外壁に設置されている。また、配管７ｆの分岐部７ｆａは電磁弁８ｉを介して気液分離装置１２と電磁弁８ｄの間の配管７ｅに連通されている。なお、２５はマンホール２０を覆う外蓋である。貯水タンク２内の貯留水Ｗの残量は水位計２６で計測され、計測結果は制御盤１６内の後述する制御装置に送られる。貯水タンク２や配管７ａ〜７ｆ、７ｆａには耐蝕性の大きいビニエステルや不飽和ポリエステル系の繊維強化樹脂（ＦＲＰ）などを用いる。
【００１５】
貯水タンク２と機械室３の間の配管７ａ〜７ｄには蛇腹部を設け、工事や地震の際に生じる僅かな位置ずれを吸収できるようになっている。残留塩素計１０は市販品であるが、計測結果は電気信号で得て制御盤１６内の制御装置２８に送られる。
【００１６】
電解装置１１は塩素化合物を含む貯留水Ｗの電気分解（電気化学的処理）を行なう。この電気化学的処理において、電解装置１１では下式（１）〜（４）で示される反応が生じて次亜塩素酸ＨＣｌＯや次亜塩素酸イオンＣｌＯ⁻ の遊離残留塩素が発生する。
【００１７】
【化１】

【００１８】
なお、遊離残留塩素は０．１ｐｐｍで水中に存在する腸チフス菌、赤痢菌、コレラ菌などを１５〜３０秒で死滅させ（室温、ｐＨ６．２〜７．４）、０．２ｐｐｍでは大腸菌を瞬時に死滅させるが、水中のアンモニアや有機物と結合（酸化）して徐々に減少する。電解装置１１はその電極として、耐蝕性の大きいチタンに白金を被覆したものを用い、表面にスケールが析出することを防止するために一定時間毎に印加電圧の極性を反転できるものを用いる。電解装置１１で発生する塩素ガスＣｌ_２や遊離残留塩素は、直ちに貯留水Ｗ中に溶解するが、酸素や水素は電極周辺から気泡となって湧きあがる。それらを電解装置１１に内蔵のファンで拡散させて機械室３と給水塔２２の間に設置した通気筒２７を介して大気中に放散する。気液分離装置１２は電解装置１１で除去できなかった気泡を貯留水Ｗ中よりさらに除去して、内蔵のファンで拡散させた上で通気筒２７を介して大気中に放散する。
【００１９】
図２において、３０は制御盤１６に内蔵のマイクロコンピュータを主体とした制御装置で入力装置として操作パネル３１を備えている。３２は循環ポンプ９や吸引ポンプ１５のドライバで、電解装置１１や気液分離装置１２に内蔵されたファン３３、３４のドライバも兼ねている。３５は電力会社から引き込まれる動力線に配置されたブレーカであり、３６はこの動力線，自家発電装置１７，非常用蓄電池１８のいずれから電力を得るか切り替えを行なう切替器で、平常時には動力線から制御装置３０に電力を供給し、災害発生で動力線から電力が得られなくなると制御装置３０から指令を受けて一時的に非常用蓄電池１８より電力を得たり直ちに立ち上げられた自家発電装置１７から制御装置３０に電力を継続して供給し給水の便を取れるようにする。非常用蓄電池１８に太陽電池ユニットを接続して平常の天気の良い日にはこの太陽電池ユニットで得た電力を蓄えて、切替器３６を照度センサの検出結果に基いて動作させ、非常用蓄電池１８から制御装置３０に電力を供給するようにしても良い。３７は例えば設定震度６であれば震度≧６の地震の時にその旨を制御装置３０に通報する感震センサ、３８は貯水タンク２内の貯留水量がほぼ無くなった時に警報を出す警報機で、罹災者に貯留水減少を知らせるために給水塔２２に設置するのが良い。
【００２０】
貯水タンク２の貯留水Ｗは循環ポンプ９の作動で配管７ａより吸い込まれ、残留塩素計１０，電解装置１１，気液分離装置１２を通過して、配管７ｃで戻る循環系が形成されている。貯水タンク２では貯留水Ｗが均一的に循環するように、配管７ａの吸込口と配管７ｃの戻口は貯水タンク２の円筒形長手方向軸中心に配置し、貯水タンク２内での流れを軸対称としている。
【００２１】
貯水タンク２には給水車などにより塩素イオン２００ｐｐｍ以下、遊離残留塩素１．０ｐｐｍ以下の水もしくは飲料水レベルの水が供給される。塩素ガスＣｌ_２の一部は大気中に拡散し、貯留水Ｗ中の遊離残留塩素濃度は徐々に減少していくが、平常時には貯留水Ｗ中の遊離残留塩素濃度を殺菌に有効な濃度に維持している。
【００２２】
一方、災害発生時には貯水タンク２から貯留水Ｗを汲み上げ給水塔２２の蛇口２３やホース接続用栓２４から罹災者に貯留水Ｗを供給する。
【００２３】
以下、図３に示す処理フロー図により本発明による第一の実施形態を説明する。
【００２４】
貯水タンク２に水道水を注入し、ステップ１（以下、ステップはＳと略記する)で循環ポンプ９を作動する。続いてＳ２で電解装置１１を運転し、水道水に初回の電気化学的処理を施す。中蓋５（図１参照）より注入される水道水は水道法施行規則上においては大腸菌は不検出で、一般細菌は１００／ｍｌ以下でなければならない。
【００２５】
また、注入時に微生物が混入する可能性があるため、貯留水Ｗの注入完了後に初回の電気化学的処理を行う。Ｓ３で残留塩素計１０を作動させて、図４に示すように貯水タンク２内における貯留水Ｗの遊離残留塩素濃度Ｐ１を１０ｐｐｍ程度まで上昇させる。１０ｐｐｍ程度まで上昇させる理由としては、通常の塩素殺菌に対し耐性を持ったシュードモナス属等の耐性菌を含め、貯留水Ｗの微生物を殺菌するためである。Ｓ４で貯留水Ｗの遊離残留塩素濃度が１０ｐｐｍ程度になったかどうかを判断する。なっていなければこの処理を繰り返す。
【００２６】
１０ｐｐｍ程度であれば、Ｓ５、Ｓ６で電解装置１１、循環ポンプ９をそれぞれ停止して、マニュアル操作による緊急作動指令があるかどうかをＳ７で判断する。平常時にはその様な指令は無いのでＳ８に進み、感震センサ３７の計測値が例えば震度設定６以上とするとセンサに取込まれる信号が震度６以上かどうか判断する。平常時には当然震度６以下であるから、Ｓ９に進み、循環ポンプ９が作動される。この場合、電磁弁８ａ，８ｃ，８ｄは開放、電磁弁８ｂ，８ｆ〜８ｉまでは閉止の状態になっている。
【００２７】
従って循環ポンプ９が作動されると、貯水タンク２の貯留水Ｗは配管７ａから汲み上げられて、電磁弁８ａ、８ｃを通って配管７ｅ上の残留塩素計１０−電解装置１１−気液分離装置１２を経て電磁弁８ｄを通って配管７ｃから貯水タンク２に戻される。
【００２８】
続いて、Ｓ１０で残留塩素計１０での計測値が制御装置３０に取込まれる(遊離残留塩素濃度測定)。そしてＳ１０において制御装置３０は、遊離残留塩素濃度が設定（既定）の０．１ｐｐｍ未満であるかどうか判断する。この場合、残留塩素計１０の計測精度上、計測値が０．１ｐｐｍであれば、絶対値が０．１ｐｐｍでなくても（貯留水Ｗにおける実質的な濃度が０．１ｐｐｍでないとしても）制御装置３０では遊離残留塩素濃度は０．１ｐｐｍであるとして処理する。
【００２９】
初期段階で遊離残留塩素濃度は充分高いのでＳ１１に進み、制御装置３０における内蔵タイマー（図示せず）を始動させ、Ｓ１２で残留塩素計１０からの測定値取込を止め、Ｓ１３で循環ポンプ９を停止させる。そしてＳ１４でＳ１１において開始したタイマーの一定時間(カウント)を停止させＳ７に戻る。このタイマーの運転は図４の時間ｔをカウントするものである。従って、循環ポンプ９はこのタイマーの動作で図４に示す時間Ｔ１ごとに作動される。遊離残留塩素濃度が０．１ｐｐｍ未満でなければＳ７〜Ｓ１４の動作を繰り返す。水中の遊離残留塩素は有機物や器材接触により消費されるため、図４に曲線Ｐ２で示すように貯水タンク２の遊離残留塩素濃度も減少していく。
【００３０】
何度目かのＳ１１の時刻ｔ１で遊離残留塩素濃度が０．１ｐｐｍ未満になると、Ｓ１５に進み、電解装置１１を運転し電圧印加で貯留水Ｗ中の塩素化合物を電気分解し、遊離残留塩素を生成する。Ｓ１５に続いてＳ１６で電解装置１１から気泡のまま循環してきた酸素や水素、塩素を気液分離装置１２により大気に開放する。
【００３１】
そして、Ｓ１７で残留塩素計１０を作動させ、Ｓ１８においてＳ１７で計測した遊離残留塩素濃度が０．４ｐｐｍ以上になっているかどうか判断し、０．４ｐｐｍになっていなければ、Ｓ１５にもどってＳ１８で遊離残留塩素濃度が０．４ｐｐｍ以上になったと判断されるまでＳ１５〜Ｓ１８を繰り返す。この間、循環ポンプ９は運転している。
【００３２】
Ｓ１５〜Ｓ１８を繰り返した結果、図４にｔ２で示すように遊離残留塩素濃度が０．４ｐｐｍ以上になるとＳ１９に進んで電解装置１１の運転を止め、Ｓ２０に進んで気液分離装置１２を停止し、Ｓ１２に戻って残留塩素計１０による計測を停止し、Ｓ１３で循環ポンプ９を停止する。
【００３３】
ここで０．４ｐｐｍとした理由であるが、水道法で衛生面から０．１ｐｐｍ以上としなければならないが、色並びに臭いなどを配慮した快適水質項目として設定された目標値として１．０ｐｐｍ以下が良いとされており、両者の間を採って０．４ｐｐｍを任意の遊離残留塩素濃度とした。
【００３４】
Ｓ１５〜Ｓ１８の間の、電解装置１１の運転時間は図４にＴ２で示している。Ｓ７〜Ｓ１４を繰り返し、ある時にＳ１０〜Ｓ１５に移ってＳ１５〜Ｓ１８を繰り返し、Ｓ１８〜Ｓ２０に進んでＳ１２〜Ｓ１４に進むことを繰り返すことによって、Ｓ７〜Ｓ１４を繰り返している間は循環ポンプ９と電解装置１１は図４の時間Ｔ３の間に時間Ｔ２だけ間歇的な運転をして電気化学的処理を行う。このためＳ７〜Ｓ１４を繰り返している間は貯留水Ｗは循環ポンプ９の作動で電解装置１１内を通過していくだけで、電気化学的処理は行われず電力の節約を図っている。
【００３５】
さて、操作パネル３１から緊急作動指令があり、Ｓ７でこの指令のあることが判断され、または指令がないとしてもＳ８で感震センサ３７から設定震度６以上の計測結果が入っていることを判断すると、Ｓ２１に進んで電磁弁８ｇ〜８ｉを開き、Ｓ２２で電磁弁８ｄを閉じ、これで罹災者等はＳ２３で蛇口２３やホース接続用栓２４から供給を受けられる準備ができあがる。そしてＳ２４で循環ポンプ９を作動し、水圧を高め、Ｓ２５で圧力スイッチ１３の作動状況を確認し、配管７ａ，７ｅ，７ｆ，７ｆａにおける水圧が供給に足りる水圧になっているか上限値との比較を行なう。
【００３６】
圧力スイッチ１３が作動すれば、Ｓ２６で循環ポンプ９を停止させ、Ｓ２７でさらに圧力スイッチ１３によって配管７ａ、７ｅ、７ｆ、７ｆａにおける水圧が供給に足りる水圧を下回っているか下限値との比較を行う。すなわち、循環ポンプ９の作動を受けられるので、供給できないほど配管７ａ、７ｅ、７ｆ、７ｆａにおける水圧が低下すると、Ｓ２４に戻って循環ポンプ９を再始動させる。また、水位を水位計２６で監視し、供給の結果、貯水タンク２における貯留水Ｗの水位が低下し配管７ａで吸い上げられなくなると、電磁弁８ａを閉じ電磁弁８ｂを開いて配管７ｂによる吸い上げを継続し、配管７ｂによる吸い上げが不可能かどうかＳ２８で判断し、不可能になるまで吸い上げを継続して不可能と判断したところで供給を終了する。
【００３７】
供給終了状況は警報機３８で報知する。それで給水車などによる貯水タンク２への注入を促す。Ｓ２４で循環ポンプ９が作動されたら点灯する表示ランプを給水塔２２に設けておくと、罹災者などには好都合である。
【００３８】
次に図５に示す処理フロー図により本発明による第二の実施形態を説明する。
【００３９】
貯水タンク２に水道水を注入し、ステップ１（以下、ステップはＳと略記する)で循環ポンプ９を作動する。続いてＳ２で電解装置１１を運転し、水道水に初回の電気化学的処理を施す。Ｓ３で残留塩素計１０を作動させて、図６に示すように貯水タンク２内の遊離残留塩素濃度Ｐ１を１０ｐｐｍ程度まで上昇させる。Ｓ４で貯留水Ｗの遊離残留塩素濃度が１０ｐｐｍ程度になったかどうかを判断する。なっていなければこの処理を繰り返す。
【００４０】
１０ｐｐｍ程度であれば、Ｓ５、Ｓ６で電解装置１１、循環ポンプ９をそれぞれ停止して、マニュアル操作による緊急作動指令があるかどうかをＳ７で判断し、緊急作動指令がなければ、Ｓ８へ進む。Ｓ８で感震センサ３７の作動がなければ、電解装置が停止状態であるため遊離残留塩素濃度は図６に曲線Ｐ２で示すように減少していく。Ｓ７で緊急作動、もしくはＳ８で感震センサ３７が作動すれば、Ｓ９で循環ポンプ９を作動させて、Ｓ１０で遊離残留塩素濃度が０．１ｐｐｍ以上になればＳ１３で電磁弁８ｇ〜８ｉを開き、Ｓ１４で電磁弁８ｄを閉じてＳ１５で蛇口２３へ貯留水Ｗの供給を行う（図６では時刻ｔ１の個所）。Ｓ１６〜Ｓ１９までの処理動作フローは図３に示すＳ２５〜Ｓ２８の処理動作フローと同様である。
【００４１】
上記の実施形態では、循環ポンプ９、電解装置１１は貯留水Ｗに初回の電気化学的処理時に運転した後は、緊急作動時、感震センサ３７が作動時までは、運転を行わないため、第一の実施形態と同様に電力の節約が図れる。
【００４２】
以上、第一と第二の実施形態で説明したように貯水タンク２内の貯留水（供給水）Ｗ中の微生物に初回の電気化学的処理を施し微生物を死滅させて、薬品を定期的に投入することなく貯留水Ｗの水質を維持できる。
【００４３】
また、本発明供給水の貯留方法が用いることが可能な貯留式給水装置においては水道管と全く独立しており設置場所に制限を受けないので、水道が敷設されていない領域や水道管の端末領域などに自由に設置することができる。
【００４４】
なお、貯留水Ｗを消火に限定して利用したい場合には、図１、図２において、循環ポンプ９の下流と電磁弁８ｃの間の配管に接続された電磁弁８ｆを開き、分岐７ｆａ上の電磁弁８ｉを閉止させれば、残留塩素計１０、電解装置１１、気液分離装置１２などを通過させることなく電磁弁８ｈを介して消火用水をホース接続用栓２４から直ちに供給できる。
【００４５】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように本発明供給水の貯留方法によれば、貯留場所について制限がなくしかも費用を掛けることなく水質を維持することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明供給水の貯留方法が可能である貯留式給水装置の概略縦断面図である。
【図２】図１に示した貯留式給水装置の配管ならびに電気系統を示す図である。
【図３】本発明における第一の実施形態を示した処理フロー図である。
【図４】図３に示した各部の処理動作を示した図である。
【図５】本発明における第二の実施形態を示した処理フロー図である
【図６】図５に示した各部の処理動作を示した図である。
【符号の説明】
Ｅ…大地
Ｗ…貯留水
１…基盤
２…貯水タンク
２ａ…給水口
２ｂ、２ｃ、２ｅ…抜出口
２ｄ…戻口
３…機械室
４、２０…マンホール
５…中蓋
６、２５…外蓋
７ａ〜７ｆ、７ｆａ…配管
８ａ〜８ｉ…電磁弁
９…循環ポンプ
１０…残留塩素計
１１…電解装置
１２…気液分離装置
１３…圧力スイッチ
１４…フィルタ
１５…吸引ポンプ
１６…制御盤
１７…自家発電装置
１８…非常用蓄電池
１９…基台
２１…梯子
２２…給水塔
２３…蛇口
２４…ホース接続用栓
２６…水位計
２７…通気塔
３０…制御装置
３１…操作パネル
３２…ドライバ
３３、３４…内蔵ファン
３５…ブレーカ
３６…切替器
３７…感震センサ
３８…警報機[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for storing supply water that stores water to be supplied as needed, and in particular, sterilization of microorganisms in the supply water in the storage tank (bacteria described in the Water Supply Law and related laws and regulations). It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to supply living water that has been sterilized and purified to the drinking water level in case of an emergency such as an earthquake disaster, a water storage tank is buried underground and directly connected to the water pipe via a shutoff valve. Open the shut-off valves installed before and after the water storage tank, pass tap water through the water storage tank, and then supply water to each household. In case of an emergency, operate the shut-off valves before and after the water storage tank. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-139321 proposes a system in which a water storage tank and a water pipe are separated and water is supplied from a water intake provided separately in the water storage tank.
[0003]
This conventional technology has the advantage that the water stored in the water storage tank is fresh tap water that has been sterilized and purified at the water purification plant, so that it can be immediately supplied from the water tank without further sterilization and purification in the event of an emergency. ing.
[0004]
Since tap water is designed to maintain the free residual chlorine concentration at 0.1 ppm or higher in consideration of the effects on the human body, when the amount of running water is low or the dynamic pressure is low, Circulation of the water takes time, free residual chlorine combines with other substances in the water, the concentration decreases, and the sterilization effect decreases.
[0005]
As a result, the water storage tank cannot be installed at the end of the water pipe, and there is a risk that domestic water cannot be supplied to the victims at the end.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-132299 proposes a water storage tank that is provided independently of the water pipe, and is provided with a water quality maintenance device to maintain the water quality.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional technology in which a water storage tank is provided independently from the water pipe, chemicals are periodically added based on the detection results of the residual chlorine meter and pH meter to maintain the water quality. It is expensive to maintain.
[0008]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a supply water storage method that can maintain water quality without any restriction on the storage location and without cost.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A feature of the present invention that achieves the above object is that the supply water is injected into the water storage tank and then injected into the water storage tank by electrolytic treatment with an electrolytic means attached to the water storage tank. The free residual chlorine is supplied to a concentration sufficient to kill the microorganisms, and then the supplied water is stored in the water storage tank until water is supplied as necessary.
[0010]
Alternatively, the supply water is injected into the water storage tank, and then electrolyzed by the electrolysis means attached to the water storage tank, and then the free residual residue to a concentration sufficient to kill the microorganisms in the supply water in the water storage tank injected. Chlorine is supplied, and then the concentration of free residual chlorine in the feed water is measured. If the measured value is less than 0.1 ppm, the electrolytic treatment is performed by the electrolysis means until the concentration reaches an arbitrary concentration of 1.0 ppm or less. The treatment is performed to stop, and thereafter, the concentration measurement and the electrolytic treatment are repeated until water is supplied as necessary.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a storage-type water supply apparatus that can use the method for storing supply water of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows piping and an electrical system of the storage-type water supply apparatus shown in FIG. FIG.
[0012]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a reinforced concrete base embedded in the ground E, and a water storage tank 2 and a machine room 3 are installed and fixed on the base 1. These are digging holes in the ground E to form the base 1, on which the water storage tank 2 and the machine room 3 are installed and fixed, and the necessary plumbing work, which will be described later, is performed to return the earth and sand to the holes and bury them. is there. The water supply port 2 a of the water storage tank 2 is provided with a manhole 4, and the water supply port 2 a is shut off from the ground by an inner lid 5 and the manhole 4 by an outer lid 6. The outer lid 6 and the inner lid 5 are opened in the water storage tank 2, and the stored water W is supplied from the water supply port 2a by a water supply vehicle or the like. At this time, NaCl NaCl is also supplied as necessary. The water storage tank 2 and the machine room 3 are connected by pipes 7a to 7d. The pipes 7a to 7c are for circulating the stored water W, and the pipe 7d is for releasing the gas accumulated in the water supply port 2a into the atmosphere. The

pipes

7 a and 7 b are inserted into the outlets 2 b and 2 c of the water tank 2, the pipe 7 c is inserted into the return port 2 d of the water tank 2, and the pipe 7 d is inserted into the gas outlet 2 e of the water tank 2.
[0013]

Pipes

7a and 7b in the machine room 3 are connected to a circulation pump 9 through electromagnetic valves 8a and 8b. A solenoid valve 8c, a residual chlorine meter 10, an electrolyzer 11 for performing electrochemical treatment on the stored water, and a gas-liquid separator 12 are sequentially connected to the pipe 7e that comes out of the circulation pump 9, and further piped through the solenoid valve 8d. 7c. A pressure switch 13 is installed in a pipe 7e between the circulation pump 9 and the electromagnetic valve 8c, and a branch pipe 7f is connected. A one-way electromagnetic valve 8e, a filter 14, and a suction pump 15 are sequentially connected to the piping 7d in the machine room 3 as viewed from the water storage tank 2 side.
[0014]
A control panel 16, a private power generator 17 and an emergency storage battery 18 are further installed in the machine room 3. An operator can enter the machine room 3 with a ladder 21 through a manhole 20 provided in the base 19. A water supply tower 22 is installed on the base 19, pipes 7d and 7f are introduced from the machine room 3, and a faucet 23 and a hose connection plug 24 are installed on the outer wall of the pipe 7f via electromagnetic valves 8f to 8h. Yes. Further, the branch portion 7fa of the pipe 7f is communicated with the pipe 7e between the gas-liquid separator 12 and the electromagnetic valve 8d via the electromagnetic valve 8i. Reference numeral 25 denotes an outer lid that covers the manhole 20. The remaining amount of the stored water W in the water storage tank 2 is measured by the water level meter 26, and the measurement result is sent to a control device described later in the control panel 16. For the water storage tank 2 and the pipes 7a to 7f and 7fa, vinyl ester having high corrosion resistance, unsaturated polyester fiber reinforced resin (FRP), or the like is used.
[0015]
The pipes 7a to 7d between the water storage tank 2 and the machine room 3 are provided with bellows portions so that slight positional deviations that occur during construction and earthquakes can be absorbed. Although the residual chlorine meter 10 is a commercial product, the measurement result is obtained as an electrical signal and sent to the control device 28 in the control panel 16.
[0016]
The electrolyzer 11 performs electrolysis (electrochemical treatment) of the stored water W containing a chlorine compound. In this electrochemical treatment, the reaction represented by the following formulas (1) to (4) occurs in the electrolysis apparatus 11 to produce hypochlorous acid HClO or hypochlorite ion ClO ^−. Of free residual chlorine.
[0017]
[Chemical 1]

[0018]
In addition, free residual chlorine is 0.1 ppm and kills Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, etc. existing in water in 15 to 30 seconds (room temperature, pH 6.2 to 7.4). Although it is killed, it is gradually reduced by combining (oxidizing) with ammonia and organic substances in water. The electrolysis apparatus 11 uses an electrode in which platinum having a high corrosion resistance is coated with platinum, and can reverse the polarity of the applied voltage every predetermined time in order to prevent scale from being deposited on the surface. Chlorine gas generated in the electrolyzer 11 Cl ₂ And free residual chlorine immediately dissolves in the stored water W, but oxygen and hydrogen spring out as bubbles from around the electrode. They are diffused by a fan built in the electrolyzer 11 and diffused into the atmosphere through a through-cylinder 27 installed between the machine room 3 and the water tower 22. The gas-liquid separator 12 further removes bubbles that could not be removed by the electrolyzer 11 from the stored water W, diffuses them with a built-in fan, and diffuses them into the atmosphere via the through-cylinder 27.
[0019]
In FIG. 2, reference numeral 30 denotes a control device mainly composed of a microcomputer built in the control panel 16 and includes an operation panel 31 as an input device. Reference numeral 32 denotes a driver for the circulation pump 9 and the suction pump 15, which also serves as a driver for the

fans

33 and 34 built in the electrolysis device 11 and the gas-liquid separation device 12. Reference numeral 35 denotes a breaker arranged on a power line drawn from an electric power company. Reference numeral 36 denotes a switch for switching whether to obtain power from the power line, the private power generation device 17 or the emergency storage battery 18. Power is supplied to the control device 30 from the power line, and when power cannot be obtained from the power line due to the occurrence of a disaster, a private power generation device that receives power from the emergency storage battery 18 upon receiving a command from the control device 30 or is immediately started up The power is continuously supplied from 17 to the control device 30 so that the water supply can be taken. When the solar battery unit is connected to the emergency storage battery 18 and the electric power obtained by this solar battery unit is stored on a day when the weather is normal, the switch 36 is operated based on the detection result of the illuminance sensor, and the emergency storage battery Power may be supplied from 18 to the control device 30. 37 is a seismic sensor that notifies the control device 30 of an earthquake having a seismic intensity ≧ 6 if the seismic intensity is 6, for example, and 38 is an alarm device that issues an alarm when the amount of water stored in the water storage tank 2 is almost exhausted. It is good to install in the water tower 22 in order to notify a victim of the decrease in stored water.
[0020]
The water W stored in the water storage tank 2 is sucked from the pipe 7a by the operation of the circulation pump 9, and a circulation system is formed which passes through the residual chlorine meter 10, the electrolyzer 11, and the gas-liquid separator 12 and returns by the pipe 7c. . In the water storage tank 2, the suction port of the pipe 7 a and the return port of the pipe 7 c are arranged at the center of the cylindrical longitudinal axis of the water storage tank 2 so that the stored water W circulates uniformly. Axisymmetric.
[0021]
The water storage tank 2 is supplied with water having a chlorine ion level of 200 ppm or less and free residual chlorine of 1.0 ppm or less or drinking water level by a water truck or the like. Part of the chlorine gas Cl ₂ diffuses into the atmosphere, and the concentration of free residual chlorine in the stored water W gradually decreases. In normal times, the concentration of free residual chlorine in the stored water W is made effective for sterilization. Is maintained.
[0022]
On the other hand, when a disaster occurs, the stored water W is pumped from the water storage tank 2 and supplied to the victim from the faucet 23 of the water supply tower 22 and the hose connection plug 24.
[0023]
The first embodiment according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the process flow diagram shown in FIG.
[0024]
Tap water is injected into the water storage tank 2 and the circulation pump 9 is operated in step 1 (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S). Subsequently, the electrolysis apparatus 11 is operated in S2, and the first electrochemical treatment is performed on the tap water. In the tap water injected from the inner lid 5 (see FIG. 1), E. coli is not detected and general bacteria must be 100 / ml or less in accordance with the enforcement regulations of the Water Supply Law.
[0025]
In addition, since there is a possibility that microorganisms are mixed at the time of injection, the first electrochemical treatment is performed after the injection of the stored water W is completed. In S3, the residual chlorine meter 10 is operated to increase the free residual chlorine concentration P1 of the stored water W in the water storage tank 2 to about 10 ppm as shown in FIG. The reason why it is increased to about 10 ppm is to sterilize microorganisms in the stored water W including resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas having resistance to normal chlorine sterilization. In S4, it is determined whether or not the free residual chlorine concentration of the stored water W is about 10 ppm. If not, repeat this process.
[0026]
If it is about 10 ppm, the electrolyzer 11 and the circulation pump 9 are stopped in S5 and S6, respectively, and it is determined in S7 whether or not there is an emergency operation command by manual operation. Since there is no such command in normal times, the process proceeds to S8, and if the measured value of the seismic sensor 37 is, for example, seismic intensity setting 6 or more, it is determined whether or not the signal taken into the sensor is seismic intensity 6 or more. Since the seismic intensity is naturally 6 or less in normal times, the process proceeds to S9 and the circulation pump 9 is operated. In this case, the

solenoid valves

8a, 8c and 8d are opened, and the solenoid valves 8b, 8f to 8i are closed.
[0027]
Therefore, when the circulation pump 9 is operated, the stored water W in the water storage tank 2 is pumped up from the pipe 7a, passes through the

solenoid valves

8a and 8c, the residual chlorine meter 10 on the pipe 7e, the electrolyzer 11 and the gas-liquid separator. 12 is returned to the water storage tank 2 from the pipe 7c through the electromagnetic valve 8d.
[0028]
Subsequently, in S10, the measurement value of the residual chlorine meter 10 is taken into the control device 30 (free residual chlorine concentration measurement). In S10, control device 30 determines whether or not the free residual chlorine concentration is less than the preset (default) 0.1 ppm. In this case, if the measured value is 0.1 ppm on the measurement accuracy of the residual chlorine meter 10, the absolute value is not 0.1 ppm (even if the substantial concentration in the stored water W is not 0.1 ppm). In the apparatus 30, the free residual chlorine concentration is treated as 0.1 ppm.
[0029]
Since the free residual chlorine concentration is sufficiently high at the initial stage, the process proceeds to S11, a built-in timer (not shown) in the control device 30 is started, the measurement value taking in from the residual chlorine meter 10 is stopped in S12, and the circulation pump 9 in S13. Stop. In S14, the predetermined time (count) of the timer started in S11 is stopped, and the process returns to S7. This timer operation is for counting the time t in FIG. Therefore, the circulation pump 9 is operated every time T1 shown in FIG. 4 by the operation of this timer. If the free residual chlorine concentration is not less than 0.1 ppm, the operations of S7 to S14 are repeated. Since free residual chlorine in water is consumed by contact with organic matter and equipment, the concentration of free residual chlorine in the water storage tank 2 also decreases as shown by a curve P2 in FIG.
[0030]
When the free residual chlorine concentration becomes less than 0.1 ppm at the time t1 of S11 several times, the process proceeds to S15, and the electrolyzer 11 is operated to electrolyze the chlorine compound in the stored water W by applying a voltage, and free residual chlorine is removed. Generate. Following S15, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine circulated in the form of bubbles from the electrolyzer 11 are released to the atmosphere by the gas-liquid separator 12 in S16.
[0031]
Then, the residual chlorine meter 10 is operated in S17, and it is determined in S18 whether the free residual chlorine concentration measured in S17 is 0.4 ppm or more. If not, the process returns to S15 and returns to S18. S15 to S18 are repeated until it is determined that the free residual chlorine concentration is 0.4 ppm or more. During this time, the circulation pump 9 is in operation.
[0032]
As a result of repeating S15 to S18, when the free residual chlorine concentration becomes 0.4 ppm or more as shown by t2 in FIG. 4, the process proceeds to S19 to stop the operation of the electrolyzer 11, and proceeds to S20 to stop the gas-liquid separator 12 Then, returning to S12, the measurement by the residual chlorine meter 10 is stopped, and the circulation pump 9 is stopped in S13.
[0033]
The reason for this is 0.4 ppm, but it must be 0.1 ppm or more in terms of hygiene under the Water Supply Law, but the target value set as a comfortable water quality item considering color and odor is 1.0 ppm or less. It was considered good, and between them, 0.4 ppm was taken as an arbitrary free residual chlorine concentration.
[0034]
The operation time of the electrolyzer 11 between S15 and S18 is indicated by T2 in FIG. By repeating S7 to S14, moving to S10 to S15 at a certain time, repeating S15 to S18, proceeding to S18 to S20 and proceeding to S12 to S14, the circulation pump 9 and the like are repeated while repeating S7 to S14. The electrolyzer 11 performs an electrochemical process by intermittent operation for a time T2 during a time T3 in FIG. For this reason, while repeating S7-S14, the stored water W only passes the inside of the electrolysis apparatus 11 by the action | operation of the circulation pump 9, and an electrochemical process is not performed but the electric power saving is aimed at.
[0035]
Now, there is an emergency operation command from the operation panel 31, and it is determined that there is this command in S7, or even if there is no command, it is determined in S8 that the measurement result of the seismic intensity 6 or more is entered from the seismic sensor 37. Then, the process proceeds to S21, the solenoid valves 8g to 8i are opened, the solenoid valve 8d is closed in S22, and the victims are ready to be supplied from the faucet 23 and the hose connection plug 24 in S23. Then, in S24, the circulation pump 9 is operated to increase the water pressure, and in S25, the operating state of the pressure switch 13 is confirmed, and the water pressure in the

pipes

7a, 7e, 7f, 7fa is a water pressure sufficient for supply or a comparison with the upper limit value. To do.
[0036]
If the pressure switch 13 is activated, the circulation pump 9 is stopped in S26, and in S27, the water pressure in the

pipes

7a, 7e, 7f, and 7fa is lower than the water pressure sufficient for supply or is compared with the lower limit value. . That is, since the operation of the circulation pump 9 can be received, when the water pressure in the

pipes

7a, 7e, 7f, and 7fa decreases so that it cannot be supplied, the process returns to S24 and the circulation pump 9 is restarted. Further, when the water level is monitored by the water level gauge 26 and the water level of the stored water W in the water storage tank 2 decreases and cannot be sucked up by the pipe 7a as a result of supply, the solenoid valve 8a is closed and the solenoid valve 8b is opened and sucked up by the pipe 7b In step S28, it is determined whether or not siphoning by the pipe 7b is impossible. When it is determined that siphoning is impossible, the supply is terminated.
[0037]
The supply end status is notified by an alarm 38. Therefore, the injection into the water storage tank 2 by a water truck or the like is urged. If the water supply tower 22 is provided with a display lamp that is turned on when the circulation pump 9 is activated in S24, it is convenient for victims and the like.
[0038]
Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to a processing flowchart shown in FIG.
[0039]
Tap water is injected into the water storage tank 2 and the circulation pump 9 is operated in step 1 (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S). Subsequently, the electrolysis apparatus 11 is operated in S2, and the first electrochemical treatment is performed on the tap water. In S3, the residual chlorine meter 10 is operated to increase the free residual chlorine concentration P1 in the water storage tank 2 to about 10 ppm as shown in FIG. In S4, it is determined whether or not the free residual chlorine concentration of the stored water W is about 10 ppm. If not, repeat this process.
[0040]
If it is about 10 ppm, the electrolyzer 11 and the circulation pump 9 are respectively stopped in S5 and S6, and it is determined in S7 whether or not there is an emergency operation command by manual operation. If there is no emergency operation command, the process proceeds to S8. If the seismic sensor 37 is not activated in S8, the electrolyzer is in a stopped state, so that the free residual chlorine concentration decreases as shown by the curve P2 in FIG. If the seismic sensor 37 is activated in S7 or the seismic sensor 37 is activated in S7, the circulating pump 9 is activated in S9. If the free residual chlorine concentration is 0.1 ppm or more in S10, the solenoid valves 8g to 8i are opened in S13. Then, the electromagnetic valve 8d is closed in S14, and the stored water W is supplied to the faucet 23 in S15 (the location at time t1 in FIG. 6). The processing operation flow from S16 to S19 is the same as the processing operation flow from S25 to S28 shown in FIG.
[0041]
In the above embodiment, the circulation pump 9 and the electrolyzer 11 are not operated until the seismic sensor 37 is activated at the time of emergency operation after operating the stored water W during the first electrochemical treatment. As in the first embodiment, power can be saved.
[0042]
As described above in the first and second embodiments, the microorganisms in the stored water (supply water) W in the water storage tank 2 are subjected to the first electrochemical treatment to kill the microorganisms, and the chemicals are periodically removed. The water quality of the stored water W can be maintained without charging.
[0043]
In addition, in the storage type water supply apparatus that can use the method for storing the supply water of the present invention, it is completely independent of the water pipe and is not limited by the installation location, so the area where the water is not laid or the terminal of the water pipe It can be installed freely in the area.
[0044]
When the stored water W is used only for extinguishing the fire, the solenoid valve 8f connected to the pipe between the downstream of the circulation pump 9 and the solenoid valve 8c is opened in FIGS. If the electromagnetic valve 8i is closed, the fire-extinguishing water can be immediately supplied from the hose connection plug 24 via the electromagnetic valve 8h without passing through the residual chlorine meter 10, the electrolyzer 11, the gas-liquid separator 12 and the like.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for storing the supply water of the present invention, the water quality can be maintained without any limitation on the storage location and without cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a storage-type water supply device capable of storing the supply water of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing piping and an electrical system of the storage-type water supply apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a processing flowchart showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating a processing operation of each unit illustrated in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a processing operation of each unit shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
E ... Ground W ... Reserved water 1 ... Base 2 ... Water tank 2a ... Water supply ports 2b, 2c, 2e ... Exit 2d ... Return port 3 ...

Machine room

4, 20 ... Manhole 5 ...

Inner lid

6, 25 ... Outer lid 7a 7f, 7fa ... Pipes 8a-8i ... Solenoid valve 9 ... Circulating pump 10 ... Residual chlorine meter 11 ... Electrolytic device 12 ... Gas-liquid separator 13 ... Pressure switch 14 ... Filter 15 ... Suction pump 16 ... Control panel 17 ... In-house power generation Device 18 ... Emergency storage battery 19 ... Base 21 ... Ladder 22 ... Water tower 23 ... Fauce tap 24 ... Hose connection plug 26 ... Water level meter 27 ... Ventilation tower 30 ... Control device 31 ... Operation panel 32 ...

Drivers

33, 34 ... Built-in Fan 35 ... Breaker 36 ... Switch 37 ... Seismic sensor 38 ... Alarm

Claims

In the supply water storage method of storing water to be supplied in a tank as needed,
The supply water is injected into the water storage tank, and then the electrolytic treatment is performed by the electrolysis means attached to the water storage tank. When the supply water is injected into the water storage tank, the concentration of free residual chlorine in the supply water is 10 ppm. The supply water is stored in the water storage tank until the residual chlorine is supplied to kill microorganisms in the supply water until it exceeds, and the water is stored in the water storage tank until water is supplied if necessary. Method.

2. The supply water storage method according to claim 1, wherein the supply of water is performed after the electrolytic treatment is performed by the electrolysis means at the time when water is supplied as necessary, and the concentration of free residual chlorine in the supply water is set to 0.1 ppm or more. A method for storing supply water, comprising:

In the supply water storage method of storing water to be supplied in a tank as needed,
The supply water is injected into the water storage tank, and then the electrolytic treatment is performed by the electrolysis means attached to the water storage tank. When the supply water is injected into the water storage tank, the concentration of free residual chlorine in the supply water is 10 ppm. Free residual chlorine is supplied until it exceeds, and microorganisms in the supply water are killed. Thereafter, the concentration of free residual chlorine in the supply water is measured. If the measured value is less than 0.1 ppm, the concentration is 1.0 ppm or less. Electrolytic treatment is performed with the electrolysis means until an arbitrary concentration is reached, the treatment is stopped, and thereafter, the concentration measurement and the electrolytic treatment are repeated until water is supplied as necessary. .

4. The method for storing supply water according to claim 3, wherein the arbitrary concentration of 1.0 ppm or less is 0.4 ppm.

4. The supply water storage method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the supply water is injected into the water storage tank in a full state so that the water storage tank is sealed.