JP3640712B2 - Platelet examination method and blood collection tube for platelet examination - Google Patents

Platelet examination method and blood collection tube for platelet examination Download PDF

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JP3640712B2
JP3640712B2 JP22713295A JP22713295A JP3640712B2 JP 3640712 B2 JP3640712 B2 JP 3640712B2 JP 22713295 A JP22713295 A JP 22713295A JP 22713295 A JP22713295 A JP 22713295A JP 3640712 B2 JP3640712 B2 JP 3640712B2
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blood
platelet
blood collection
collection tube
examination
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JPH0954083A (en
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衛 石澤
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衛 石澤
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、血小板及び白血球の検査方法、及び、その検査に用いる採血管に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
血液検査には、血液中の赤血球、白血球、血小板等の数を計測する血球計数検査がある。この血球計数検査を行う際には、計数中の血液の凝固を防止するため、抗凝固剤としてEDTA(エチレンジアミン四酢酸)の結晶等を血液に添加する。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、被検者によっては、このEDTA等の抗凝固剤の添加により特異的な血小板凝集を生じることがあり、このため血小板の数が実際よりも少なく計測されるという問題がある(偽性血小板減少症)。この偽性血小板減少症によると、14万〜38万個/μl程度の標準的な血小板数を有する人でも、血小板の凝集により血小板数が5万個/μl程度として計測されることがあり、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(ITP)等の真に血小板数が少ない場合との区別がつかなくなる。血小板検査の結果、特発性血小板減少性紫斑病の恐れがあるとされた場合には骨髄検査等を受ける必要があるが、この検査は被検者にとって負担の大きいものである。
また、偽性血小板減少症においては凝集した血小板が白血球として計測されるため、白血球数が見かけ上真値よりも高く計測されるという問題もある。
本発明はこのような課題を解決するために成されたものであり、その目的とするところは、偽性血小板減少症による血小板の凝集を防止し、正しい血小板及び白血球検査を行なうことのできる方法、及び、その方法に適した採血管を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために成された本発明に係る血小板検査方法は、所定量の希釈液を入れた採血管を予め用意しておき、採取した血液を希釈液の該所定量の20〜67%の量だけ該採血管に注入することにより血小板の凝集を抑制し、正しい血小板数の計数を行なうことを特徴とする。
また、本発明に係る血小板検査用採血管は、検査用血液の注入予定量の1.5〜5倍の希釈液が予め注入されているものである。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
血小板数を検査する際は、まず、所定量の希釈液を入れた採血管を予め用意しておく。採血管に入れておく希釈液の量VDは、採血管に入れる検査用血液の注入予定量の1.5〜5倍としておく。なお、希釈液を入れた採血管は、ゴムキャップにより封止しておくことが望ましい。
【0006】
なお、予め採血管に注入しておく希釈液としては、例えば、生理的塩類溶液、緩衝液等を使用することができる。或いは、アイソトン(商品名:コールター社製)等も好適に用いることができる。なお、希釈液は血液と等張のものを用いることが望ましい。
上記生理的塩類溶液としては、通常の組成を有するものでよく、例えば生理食塩水や、これにNa+ 、K+ 、Ca2+等のイオンを数種加えたもの(例えば、リンガー溶液、ロック溶液等)が挙げられる。
上記緩衝液としては、血液と等張のものが適当である。具体的には、リン酸緩衝液、トリス緩衝液等が例示される。
また、上記希釈液には、さらに抗凝固剤を混合してもよい。この抗凝固剤としては、EDTA−2Na、EDTA−2K、EDTA−3K等のEDTA塩、クエン酸ナトリウム、シュウ酸ナトリウム、シュウ酸アンモニウム、硫酸マグネシウム等のアルカリ塩等が例示される。
【0007】
被検者から血液を採取すると、そのうち血小板検査用として割り当てられる量VTの血液をその採血管に注入し、十分に攪拌する。上記の通り、
VD:VT=1.5:1〜5:1
である。
【0008】
これにより、偽性血小板減少症の場合でも血小板の凝集が防止され、常に正しい血小板数及び白血球数の計数が可能となる。なお、このように希釈した検査液で血小板数もしくは白血球数を計数した場合には、希釈率D=[VT/(VD+VT)]に応じて計数値を補正する必要があるが、希釈率Dは次のような各種方法で決定することができる。
(1)採血管中の希釈液の量VDを一定としておくとともに、採血管中に注入する血液の量VTを採血管の重量を測定する等の方法により厳密に求め、検査の都度D=[VT/(VD+VT)]で計算する。
(2)採血管中の希釈液の量VDを一定としておくとともに、採血管中に注入する血液もピペット等で採取することにより常に一定量VTとなるようにし、希釈率Dは常に一定として取り扱う。
(3)希釈した検査液と希釈しない原血液のそれぞれについて、ヘモグロビン量、赤血球数等の別の検査値の測定を行ない、その比により希釈率Dを算出する。
血球数の計数が機械により自動化されている場合には、(3)の方法が最も便利である。
【0009】
採血管に入れておく希釈液の量を血液の1.5〜5倍としたのは、これ以下では血液が凝固するのを防止することができないためであり、逆に5倍以上とすると、血小板数の計数の効率が悪化し、検査結果の精度も低下するためである。
【0010】
【発明の効果】
本発明においては、予め採血管に希釈液が入っているため、被検者から採血後直ちに検査血液を採血管に注入し、偽性血小板減少症による血小板の凝集を最小限に抑えることができる。従って、血小板数の計数結果の信頼性が非常に高いものとなる。また、このような採血管は大量生産しておくことが可能であるため、多数の検体の検査を連続的且つ速やかに、しかも低コストで行なうことができる。
【0011】
【実施例】
図1は、本発明の一実施例である採血管の断面図である。図1に示す採血管10は、管体11に希釈液12が注入された構成を有している。管体11としては、通常、容量1〜10ml程度のガラス或いは透明樹脂製のものを用いる。希釈液12としては前記のものが用いられ、その注入量は、血小板計数装置の必要量を考慮して適宜定める。希釈液12を注入した後、管体11の開口部にはゴム又はプラスチック製のキャップ13を嵌着する。
採取した血液をこの採血管10に注入する際には、キャップ13に採血針を挿通し、この採血針を通じて注入する。又は、キャップ13を取り外し、血液を注入した後再びキャップ13をはめる。
【0012】
以下、血小板凝集試験の結果を説明する。
実施例1
[採血管の調製] 図1に示すガラス製管体11内に、希釈液12としてアイソトン(商品名:コールター社製)1mlを注入し、該管体11の開口部にゴムキャップ13を嵌着して、採血管を作製した。
[血小板数の測定] 上記採血管10を10本用意し、各採血管10に、10名の被検者(Case1〜10とする)から採取した血液約0.5mlずつを注入し、撹拌した。この後、自動血球計数器(商品名STKS:コールター社製)により、各サンプル中の血小板数を、採血直後、30分後、60分後及び120分後にそれぞれ測定したところ、図2に示す結果が得られた。
【0013】
比較例1
上記実施例1において、採血管に希釈液を注入せず、採取後の各血液にEDTA−2Na 3mgずつを添加する以外は全て同様にしてCase1〜10の血液を採取し、その血小板数を測定したところ、図3に示す結果が得られた。なお、この比較例で使用した採血管は、セキューターE(栄研器材社製)である。
実施例及び比較例における採血から60分後の血小板数を図4に示す。
図2〜図4より明らかなように、比較例では多くのサンプルにおいて血小板数が大きく減少したのに対し、実施例では時間の経過による血小板数の減少が殆どみられない。従って、本発明により、採血後多少時間が経過しても正しい血小板数の計数が可能であることがわかる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の採血管の一実施例を示す断面図。
【図2】 実施例における血小板数の経時変化を示すグラフ。
【図3】 比較例における血小板数の経時変化を示すグラフ。
【図4】 実施例及び比較例における採血から60分後の血小板数を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
10…採血管
11…管体
12…希釈液
13…キャップ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for examining platelets and white blood cells, and a blood collection tube used for the examination.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Blood tests include a blood cell count test that measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc. in the blood. When performing this blood cell count test, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) crystals or the like are added to the blood as an anticoagulant to prevent blood coagulation during counting.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, depending on the subject, specific platelet aggregation may occur due to the addition of this anticoagulant such as EDTA, and there is a problem that the number of platelets is measured less than the actual number (pseudoplatelet platelets). Reduction). According to this pseudothrombocytopenia, even a person with a standard platelet count of about 140,000 to 380,000 / μl may be counted as about 50,000 / μl due to platelet aggregation. It becomes indistinguishable from a case where the number of platelets is truly small, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). As a result of the platelet test, if there is a risk of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, it is necessary to undergo a bone marrow test or the like, but this test is a burden on the subject.
Further, in pseudothrombocytopenia, aggregated platelets are measured as white blood cells, so there is a problem that the white blood cell count is apparently higher than the true value.
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and its object is to prevent platelet aggregation due to pseudothrombocytopenia and to perform a correct platelet and leukocyte test. And providing a blood collection tube suitable for the method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the platelet testing method according to the present invention prepares a blood collection tube containing a predetermined amount of a diluent in advance, and collects the collected blood from 20 to 67 of the predetermined amount of the diluent. It is characterized in that platelet aggregation is suppressed by injecting into the blood collection tube in an amount of%, and the correct platelet count is performed.
In addition, the blood test tube for platelet examination according to the present invention is preliminarily injected with a diluent of 1.5 to 5 times the planned injection amount of the test blood.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
When examining the platelet count, first, a blood collection tube containing a predetermined amount of diluent is prepared in advance. The amount VD of the diluent to be put in the blood collection tube is set to 1.5 to 5 times the planned injection amount of the test blood to be put in the blood collection tube. Note that the blood collection tube containing the diluted solution is preferably sealed with a rubber cap.
[0006]
For example, a physiological salt solution, a buffer solution, or the like can be used as a diluent that is injected into the blood collection tube in advance. Alternatively, isotone (trade name: manufactured by Coulter, Inc.) or the like can also be suitably used. In addition, it is desirable to use a diluent that is isotonic with blood.
The physiological salt solution may have a normal composition, for example, physiological saline or a solution obtained by adding several kinds of ions such as Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ (for example, Ringer solution, lock Solution).
As the buffer solution, an isotonic solution with blood is suitable. Specifically, a phosphate buffer, a Tris buffer, etc. are illustrated.
Moreover, you may mix an anticoagulant with the said dilution liquid further. Examples of the anticoagulant include EDTA salts such as EDTA-2Na, EDTA-2K, and EDTA-3K, and alkali salts such as sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, and magnesium sulfate.
[0007]
When blood is collected from the subject, an amount of blood VT allocated for platelet examination is injected into the blood collection tube and sufficiently stirred. As above,
VD: VT = 1.5: 1 to 5: 1
It is.
[0008]
Thereby, even in the case of pseudothrombocytopenia, aggregation of platelets is prevented, and the correct platelet count and white blood cell count can always be obtained. When the platelet count or white blood cell count is counted with the test solution diluted in this manner, the count value needs to be corrected according to the dilution rate D = [VT / (VD + VT)]. It can be determined by various methods as follows.
(1) While keeping the amount VD of the diluent in the blood collection tube constant, the amount VT of blood injected into the blood collection tube is strictly determined by a method such as measuring the weight of the blood collection tube, and D = [ VT / (VD + VT)].
(2) The amount of dilution liquid VD in the blood collection tube is kept constant, and the blood injected into the blood collection tube is always collected by a pipette so that it becomes a constant amount VT, and the dilution rate D is always treated as constant. .
(3) For each of the diluted test solution and the undiluted raw blood, other test values such as the amount of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells are measured, and the dilution rate D is calculated based on the ratio.
When the blood cell count is automated by a machine, the method (3) is most convenient.
[0009]
The reason why the amount of the diluting solution to be placed in the blood collection tube is 1.5 to 5 times that of blood is that it is not possible to prevent blood from coagulating below this, and conversely if it is 5 times or more, This is because the efficiency of counting the platelet count is deteriorated and the accuracy of the test result is also lowered.
[0010]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, since the diluent is previously contained in the blood collection tube, the test blood can be injected into the blood collection tube immediately after blood collection from the subject to minimize platelet aggregation due to pseudothrombocytopenia. . Therefore, the reliability of the platelet count result is very high. In addition, since such blood collection tubes can be mass-produced, a large number of specimens can be examined continuously and quickly at a low cost.
[0011]
【Example】
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a blood collection tube according to one embodiment of the present invention. A blood collection tube 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which a diluent 12 is injected into a tube body 11. As the tube 11, a glass or transparent resin having a capacity of about 1 to 10 ml is usually used. As the diluent 12, the above-mentioned one is used, and the injection amount is appropriately determined in consideration of the necessary amount of the platelet counter. After injecting the diluent 12, a rubber or plastic cap 13 is fitted into the opening of the tube body 11.
When injecting the collected blood into the blood collection tube 10, a blood collection needle is inserted into the cap 13 and injected through the blood collection needle. Alternatively, the cap 13 is removed, blood is injected, and then the cap 13 is fitted again.
[0012]
Hereinafter, the results of the platelet aggregation test will be described.
Example 1
[Preparation of Blood Collection Tube] Into the glass tube 11 shown in FIG. 1, 1 ml of Isoton (trade name: manufactured by Coulter, Inc.) is injected as a diluent 12 and a rubber cap 13 is fitted into the opening of the tube 11. Thus, a blood collection tube was prepared.
[Measurement of Platelet Count] Ten blood collection tubes 10 were prepared, and about 0.5 ml of blood collected from 10 subjects (cases 1 to 10) was injected into each blood collection tube 10 and stirred. . Thereafter, the number of platelets in each sample was measured immediately after blood collection, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes using an automatic hemocytometer (trade name STKS: manufactured by Coulter, Inc.). The results shown in FIG. was gotten.
[0013]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1 above, the blood of Cases 1 to 10 was collected in the same manner except that 3 mg of EDTA-2Na was added to each collected blood without injecting the diluent into the blood collection tube, and the platelet count was measured. As a result, the result shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. In addition, the blood collection tube used in this comparative example is a scutor E (manufactured by Eiken Equipment Co., Ltd.)
FIG. 4 shows the platelet count 60 minutes after blood collection in Examples and Comparative Examples.
As apparent from FIGS. 2 to 4, in the comparative example, the number of platelets was greatly reduced in many samples, whereas in the example, there was almost no decrease in the number of platelets over time. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is understood that the platelet count can be correctly counted even after a certain amount of time has elapsed after blood collection.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a blood collection tube of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in platelet count over time in Examples.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the number of platelets over time in a comparative example.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the number of platelets 60 minutes after blood collection in Examples and Comparative Examples.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Blood collection tube 11 ... Tube 12 ... Diluent 13 ... Cap

Claims (2)

所定量の生理的塩類溶液又は緩衝液を入れた採血管を予め用意しておき、採取した血液を前記生理的塩類溶液又は緩衝液の該所定量の20〜67%の量だけ該採血管に注入することにより血小板の凝集を抑制し、正しい血小板数の計数を行なうことを特徴とする血小板検査方法。Prepared in advance a predetermined amount of physiological saline or blood collection tube buffer was placed, the collected blood to 20-67% of the amount by blood collection vessels predetermined amount of the physiological salt solution or a buffer A platelet test method characterized by suppressing platelet aggregation by injection and counting the correct platelet count. 検査用血液の注入予定量の1.5〜5倍の生理的塩類溶液又は緩衝液が予め注入されている血小板検査用採血管。A blood collection tube for platelet examination in which a physiological salt solution or buffer solution of 1.5 to 5 times the planned injection amount of blood for examination is previously injected.
JP22713295A 1995-08-11 1995-08-11 Platelet examination method and blood collection tube for platelet examination Expired - Fee Related JP3640712B2 (en)

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AU2017263807B2 (en) * 2016-05-11 2023-02-02 S.D. Sight Diagnostics Ltd Performing optical measurements on a sample
EP4177593A1 (en) 2016-05-11 2023-05-10 S.D. Sight Diagnostics Ltd. Sample carrier for optical measurements
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