JP3629991B2 - Anisotropic light scattering film and liquid crystal display device using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light scattering film that has different scattering properties depending on the incident angle of light (or has an incident angle selectivity) and has anisotropy in light scattering characteristics, and the display image can be visually recognized by applying the light scattering film. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that can improve performance (brightness, contrast, etc.) and reduce power consumption of the display device.
[0002]
The above-mentioned liquid crystal display device does not require a special light source such as a backlight or an edge light, and is a type of “reflective liquid crystal display device” that uses reflected light from ambient light (such as sunlight or indoor illumination light) as display light. In addition, a “transmissive liquid crystal display device” of the type having the special light source is included.
[0003]
[Prior art]
In a liquid crystal display device, a viewing angle during observation is ensured (that is, the display image is brightly displayed on the front surface of the display device), and the display image can be seen with uniform brightness over the entire display screen. For this purpose, a light scattering film is disposed on the front surface of the apparatus.
As a conventional light scattering film, a resin film whose surface is processed into a mat shape, a resin film including a diffusing material inside, or the like is used.
[0004]
In the case of a conventional resin film processed into a mat shape or a film containing a diffusing material inside, it is difficult in principle to have a function such as a change in scattering depending on the incident angle of incident light. There is no such function.
[0005]
In the case of a light-scattering film whose surface is processed into a mat, the surface of the film is physically processed like a sand blaster to form a matte surface, or chemically matted by dissolution treatment with an acidic or alkaline solution. Form a surface.
Therefore, it is difficult to control the light scattering property, and it is impossible to change the vertical and horizontal scattering properties, so that it is not possible to make the light scattering anisotropic.
[0006]
In addition, in light scattering films including a diffusing material inside, attempts have been made to control the refractive index, size, shape, etc. of the diffusing material in order to control the scattering property, but this is technically difficult. However, it is not sufficient for practical use.
[0007]
Therefore, in the above light scattering film, there is no dependency on the incident angle of light scattering, and there is no or little light scattering anisotropy. Therefore, unnecessary scattered light is generated when used in a display device, and as a result. There is a problem in that the brightness and contrast of the display are reduced or the display image is blurred.
[0008]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-201802 is known as a proposal relating to a reflective liquid crystal display device using a scattering plate having anisotropy in light scattering.
The scattering plate disclosed in the above publication is a scattering plate having almost no back scattering characteristics and strong forward scattering characteristics, and selectively selects one of incident light to the liquid crystal display device and outgoing display light from the liquid crystal display device. Has the property of scattering.
[0009]
In the above publication, the configuration of the scattering plate is not specifically described, but only “transparent fine particles solidified with a transparent polymerizable polymer” is described.
In such a scattering plate, as in the case of the above-mentioned “light scattering film including a diffusing material inside”, even if anisotropy (forward or backward) is given to the scattering characteristics, vertical and horizontal scattering is achieved. It is difficult to control even the characteristics.
[0010]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-152602 is known as a proposal relating to a transmission type liquid crystal display device using a hologram as a scattering plate.
The above proposal scatters display light emitted from a liquid crystal display device having a backlight, and employs a hologram as a scattering plate. Therefore, it is easy to make the scattering characteristics anisotropic, It is easy to control the horizontal scattering characteristics, but it will inevitably involve spectroscopy (wavelength dispersion), so the color of the display light will change as the viewing viewpoint changes. It will be.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, anisotropy is given to the scattering characteristics (forward or backward, and dependence on the incident angle), and it is easy to control even the scattering characteristics related to the vertical and horizontal scattering ranges, and the display is made according to the observation position. An object is to provide an anisotropic scatterer in which the color of light does not change and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The anisotropic light scattering film of the present invention is
In the film, a portion with a different refractive index is distributed in an irregular shape and thickness, so that a light and shade pattern consisting of high and low refractive indexes is formed.
Optimize the size, shape, and distribution of the parts with different refractive indexes along the vertical and horizontal directions on the film surface and the thickness direction of the film, thereby changing the scattering characteristics depending on the incident angle of incident light. At the same time, light scattering in an unnecessary direction is eliminated, and light is scattered only in a necessary direction (range).
[0013]
By applying such an anisotropic light scattering film, a liquid crystal display device capable of displaying images with high definition, brightness, high contrast, and less image blur is provided.
[0014]
The anisotropic light scattering film according to claim 1,
Inside of the film, according to the distribution of the different parts of the refractive index,
On the film surface, a pattern consisting of high and low refractive index is formed, and the shape of the part with different refractive index is vertically long (or horizontally long),
In the film cross section, the light scattering film having a structure in which the portions having different refractive indexes are distributed with inclination with respect to the thickness direction of the film,
Depending on the shape of the part with different refractive index on the surface of the film, the light scattering property is anisotropy in the light scattering property so that the light scattering property is horizontally long (or vertically long),
Light scattering occurs for light incident at an angle along the tilt direction in which portions with different refractive indexes are distributed ,
For light incident at an angle perpendicular to the tilt direction, the light scattering property has an incident angle selectivity so as to function as a simple transparent film.
[0015]
The anisotropic light scattering film according to claim 2,
The refractive index distribution is uniform in the direction in which the portions having different refractive indexes are inclined in layers.
[0016]
The anisotropic light scattering film according to claim 3,
The refractive index distribution is irregular in the direction in which the portions having different refractive indexes are inclined in layers.
[0018]
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 4 ,
A liquid crystal panel that changes a display pattern by modulating transmission / non-transmission according to an applied voltage, at any position on the front side (observer side) or back side (opposite side of the observer). The light scattering film according to any one of 3 is disposed.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a light scattering film 1 in which portions having different refractive indexes are distributed in irregular shapes and thicknesses, and a light and shade pattern having a high and low refractive index (represented in black and white in the figure) is formed. The left is a plan view and the right is a cross-sectional view.
[0020]
As can be seen from the plan view, the shape of the portion having a different refractive index is horizontally long.
Further, as can be seen from the cross-sectional view, the portions having different refractive indexes are structured in a layered manner inclined with respect to the thickness direction of the film.
In FIG. 1, the refractive index distribution is uniform (the color does not change in the inclined direction) in the direction in which the portions having different refractive indexes are inclined in layers.
[0021]
Drawing 2 is an explanatory view showing light scattering film 1 concerning another embodiment, and the left is a top view and the right is a sectional view.
In FIG. 2, the shape of the portion with different refractive index is vertically long, and the distribution of the refractive index is irregular in the direction in which the portion with different refractive index is inclined like a layer (the color changes even in the inclined direction). Is).
[0022]
First, the optical characteristics of the light scattering film of FIGS.
Light scattering occurs for light incident at an angle along the tilt direction in which the portions having different refractive indices are distributed in layers (in the direction of arrow 2 in the figure, which forms an angle θ from the normal of the film). .
[0023]
For light incident at an angle perpendicular to the tilt direction (the direction of arrow 3 in the figure), it functions as a simple transparent film, and the incident light is emitted without being scattered.
[0024]
Next, when considered in plan view,
When the shape of the part with different refractive index is vertically long (or horizontally long), when light incident on that part is scattered and emitted, the light scattering characteristics of the light emitted from each part are horizontally long (or vertically long). ).
In FIG. 1, since the shape is horizontally long, the emitted light is scattered vertically. In FIG. 2, since the shape is vertically long, the emitted light is scattered horizontally.
This will be described later in the light scattering film manufacturing process.
[0025]
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the incident angle dependency of the light scattering film 1 of the present invention.
As indicated by the solid line 4 in the figure, the haze value is 80% or more for light in a specific incident angle range (0 to 60 degrees in the figure), and conversely, the incident angle (-60 in the figure is symmetrical). The haze value with respect to light of from 0 degree to 0 degree is 20% or less, which indicates the incident angle dependency of the scattering property referred to in this specification.
[0026]
In addition, as described above, when the shape of the portion having different refractive index is vertically long (or horizontally long), when the light incident on the portion is scattered and emitted, the light scattering characteristics of the emitted light from each portion However, it has anisotropy that is horizontally long (or vertically long). For example, when the shape is horizontally long as shown in FIG. 1, the scattered outgoing light from the light scattering film has a distribution that becomes a vertically long ellipse as shown in FIG. 4.
[0027]
Next, the structure of the light scattering film 1 of the present invention will be described in detail.
As described above, in the light scattering film 1 of the present invention, portions having different refractive indexes are distributed in irregular shapes and thicknesses, thereby forming a light and shade pattern having a high and low refractive index.
[0028]
If the difference in refractive index is too small, the scattering property is deteriorated. On the other hand, if the difference is too large, light scattering occurs regardless of the incident angle of light. It becomes difficult to have.
Therefore, light scattering does not occur only by the difference in refractive index on the surface, and it is necessary that the refractive index difference is optimal so as to have sufficient scattering properties due to the thickness of the film.
[0029]
In the present invention, the refractive index difference is appropriately selected in the range of 0.001 to 0.2 so as to satisfy the above conditions, and the film thickness is also appropriately selected in the range of 1000 μm to 1 μm according to the refractive index difference. ing.
[0030]
For example, in a film having an average refractive index of 1.52 and a thickness of 20 μm, a portion having a refractive index of 1.56 (refractive index difference of 0.04) is distributed to form a shading pattern. A light scattering film with sufficient scattering properties and incident angle selectivity could be obtained.
[0031]
Since the refractive index difference that can be recorded is limited by the production method and recording material, the light scattering of the present invention can be achieved by making the film thinner if it has a large refractive index difference and thicker if it has a small refractive index difference. It is possible to realize a film.
[0032]
The sizes of the portions having different refractive indexes are random and non-regular in order to cause light scattering, but the average size is in the range of 0.1 μm to 300 μm in diameter in order to have the necessary scattering properties. Of these, it is appropriately selected according to the required scattering property for each application.
[0033]
As an example, a light and shade pattern having an average size of 12 μm and having a high and low refractive index was used to obtain a scattering property having a scattering spread of about ± 40 degrees.
[0034]
In addition, the distribution of portions having different refractive indexes on the film surface is random and non-regular in order to cause light scattering, but in order to have the necessary scattering properties, the average refractive index of the entire film is set to <n. When>, the probability distribution exhibits a normal distribution centered on <n>. Alternatively, it may be distributed according to a probability distribution that takes a maximum value at the minimum value n _min of the refractive index n and monotonously decreases to the maximum value n _max of the refractive index exponentially, or a probability distribution that monotonously increases.
[0035]
<Embodiment 1>
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing an essential part of a reflective liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
A liquid crystal panel 5, a specular or scattering reflector 6 disposed on the back surface (non-observer side), and a light scattering film 1 disposed on the front surface (observer side) of the liquid crystal panel 5. Has been.
[0036]
The reflection plate 6 is not separate from the liquid crystal panel 2 as shown in the figure, and may be included in the liquid crystal panel 2 as an electrode for driving the liquid crystal (reflection electrode).
In the figure, for convenience of explanation, the light scattering film 1, the liquid crystal panel 5, and the reflection plate 6 are illustrated separately from each other, but are actually stacked.
Depending on the type of liquid crystal, a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, or other optical film may be used, but is omitted.
[0037]
The liquid crystal panel 5 has a general structure, modulates incident light according to the presence or absence of an applied voltage, and performs white / black (transmission / non-transmission) switching display.
[0038]
On the other hand, as shown in the figure, the light scattering film 1 causes light scattering when incident light 7 enters the light scattering film 1 from the front side of the liquid crystal panel 5, and the scattered light 8 is reflected on the back side of the liquid crystal panel 5. The light is reflected by the reflector 6, passes through the light scattering film 1, and exits to the front. At this time, the light scattering film 1 transmits the emitted scattered light 9 as it is without diffusing the secondary light.
[0039]
Therefore, the scattering property of the light scattering film 1 does not cause unnecessary scattering at the time of emission of display light due to the dependency on the incident angle, so that a so-called double image due to reflection of pixels does not occur. The blur of the display image can be reduced. In addition, unnecessary scattering can be reduced by the scattering anisotropy, and display brightness and contrast can be improved.
[0040]
<Embodiment 2>
FIG. 6 is a sectional view conceptually showing the main part of a transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
The liquid crystal panel 5, the backlight 10 disposed on the back surface (non-observer side), and the light scattering film 1 disposed between the liquid crystal panel 5 and the backlight 10 are configured.
[0041]
The light scattering film 1 scatters illumination light within a predetermined angle range out of light from the backlight 10 into a desired shape and makes it incident on the liquid crystal panel 5. By setting this predetermined angle range within the optimum incident angle (about ± 30 degrees) for retardation in the liquid crystal panel, display contrast can be improved.
[0042]
On the other hand, the light outside the predetermined angle tries to pass through without being scattered by the light scattering film 1, but most of the light is totally reflected by the surface of the light scattering film 1 on the liquid crystal panel 5 side, and the backlight 10. Back, the light is scattered and reflected again in the backlight 10, and as a result, most of the light from the backlight 10 becomes a component that is scattered and emitted by the light scattering film 1. There is nothing.
[0043]
<Embodiment 3>
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing an essential part of another embodiment of a transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
The liquid crystal panel 5, the backlight 10 arrange | positioned at the back surface (non-observer side), and the light-scattering film 1 arrange | positioned at the front surface (observer side) of the liquid crystal panel 5 are comprised.
[0044]
The light scattering film 1 scatters the emitted light 13 within a predetermined angle range out of the display light from the liquid crystal panel 5 and emits it in a desired shape. By setting the predetermined angle range to be within the light emission angle range (about ± 30 degrees) that has undergone optimum retardation in the liquid crystal panel, the display contrast can be improved.
[0045]
On the other hand, the light 14 outside the predetermined angle is transmitted without being scattered by the light scattering film 1, but the emitted light is directly transmitted without being scattered, so that the contrast emitted from the liquid crystal panel outside the predetermined angle is reduced. The low image is not recognized by the observer.
[0046]
In addition, since the viewing angle at this time is specified by the light scattering anisotropy of the light scattering film 1, the viewing angle is not narrowed by the light scattering film, but rather the display light is expanded to an optimum range. Will be able to.
[0047]
As the liquid crystal display panel 5 of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, either a color display panel or a monochrome display panel on which color filters are mounted corresponding to R, G, B pixels may be used.
[0048]
Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited to a liquid crystal driving method such as a TN method, an STN method, a guest host method, and a polymer dispersion type.
[0049]
Hereinafter, the means for producing the light scattering film of the present invention will be described.
The light scattering film of the present invention can be produced by optical exposure means.
[0050]
<Production means 1>
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an example of an optical system for producing the light scattering film having the structure shown in FIG. 1 using a random mask pattern.
The ultraviolet light emitted from the UV light source 15 is converted into parallel light 17 by the collimating optical system 16 and irradiated on the mask original plate 18. The mask original plate 18 includes a glass substrate 20 and a chrome pattern which is a random pattern.
[0051]
A photosensitive material 19 is disposed in close contact with the surface of the mask original plate 18 opposite to the UV irradiation side, and the pattern of the mask original plate 18 is exposed and irradiated to the photosensitive material 19.
At this time, the UV parallel light 17 and the mask original plate 18 are inclined at a predetermined angle α as shown in the figure, so that the pattern exposure is performed at a predetermined angle in the photosensitive material 19.
Since this angle corresponds to the inclination angle of the portion having a different refractive index in the light scattering film (that is, the incident angle-dependent scattering peak angle θ), the angle is 0 to 60 degrees depending on the application. It is appropriately selected within a range of degree.
[0052]
Further, the photosensitive material 19 used here is a photosensitive material that can be recorded in the form of a change in refractive index between the exposed portion and the unexposed portion of UV light, and has a higher resolution than the density pattern to be recorded, and its thickness. It is necessary to use a material that can record a pattern in the direction.
[0053]
As such a recording material, a volume hologram photosensitive material can be used, such as a silver salt photosensitive material 8E56 dry plate manufactured by Agfa, hologram photosensitive material HRF film manufactured by DuPont or gelatin dichromate, DMP- manufactured by Polaroid. 128 recording materials or the like can be used.
[0054]
The mask original plate 18 having a random pattern used in FIG. 8 was obtained by etching black and white pattern data produced from random number calculation using a computer as a metal chromium pattern 21 on the glass substrate 20 by a so-called photolithography technique. . Of course, the method for producing the mask original plate is not limited to the above-mentioned method, and it is well known that a similar mask can be produced even if produced by a photographic technique using a squirrel plate.
[0055]
<Production means 2>
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example of an optical system for producing the light scattering film having the structure shown in FIG. 2 using a speckle pattern.
The glass 25 is irradiated with laser light 24 emitted from the laser light source 23.
A photosensitive material 19 is arranged at a predetermined distance F on the surface opposite to the laser irradiation side of the frosted glass 25, and a speckle pattern which is a complicated interference pattern generated by laser light transmitted and scattered by the frosted glass 25 is a photosensitive material 19. Is exposed to light.
[0056]
At this time, since the ground glass 25 and the photosensitive material 19 are inclined at a predetermined angle α as shown in the drawing, the speckle pattern is exposed at an inclined angle in the photosensitive material.
Since this angle corresponds to the inclination of a portion having a different refractive index in the light scattering film (that is, the incident angle-dependent scattering peak angle θ), the angle is about 0 to 60 degrees depending on the application. It is suitably selected within the range.
[0057]
A laser light source used for recording can be appropriately selected from 514.5 nm, 488 nm or 457.9 nm of an argon ion laser according to the sensitivity of the photosensitive material.
Other than argon ion lasers, any laser light source with good coherency can be used. For example, a helium neon laser or a krypton ion laser can be used.
[0058]
The speckle pattern is a bright and dark speckle pattern that occurs when light with good coherence is scattered or reflected or transmitted by a rough surface, and is generated because light scattered by minute irregularities on the rough surface interferes with an irregular phase relationship. Is.
[0059]
According to the description (p.266-p.268) of “Light Measurement Handbook Asakura Shoten, Toshiharu Tadashi et al., Published on November 25, 1994”, speckle patterns in which the density and phase show random values depending on the position ,
The average size of the pattern is determined in inverse proportion to the angle at which the diffusion plate is viewed from the photosensitive material.
Therefore, when the size of the diffusion plate is made larger in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction, the pattern recorded on the photosensitive material is finer in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction.
[0060]
In the speckle pattern by the manufacturing method in the optical system of FIG. 9, the wavelength λ of the laser beam to be used, the size D of the ground glass, and the distance F between the ground glass and the photosensitive material are the average size d of the recorded speckle pattern. Generally, d is expressed by the following equation.
d = 1.2λF / D
[0061]
The average length t in the depth direction of the speckle pattern is t = 4.0λ (F / D) ²
It is represented by
[0062]
As described above, a light scattering film having a desired three-dimensional refractive index distribution can be obtained by optimizing the values of λ and F / D so as to have an optimum scattering property.
[0063]
As an example, when λ = 0.5 μm and F / D = 2, d = 1.2 μm, t = 8 μm, and the shading pattern on the film surface is distributed with an average of 1.2 μm, and in the thickness direction of the film , And distributed in an average size of 8 μm in the direction according to the inclination angle.
[0064]
However, these sizes are only average sizes. Actually, these sizes are centered on these sizes, and the portions with different refractive indexes are distributed on the surface and inclined in the depth direction. Thus, the light scattering film of the present invention as shown in FIG. 2 is obtained.
[0065]
<Production means 3>
The light-scattering film of the present invention described in claim 4 can be manufactured by the optical system shown in FIG. 9 by making the size of the ground glass 25 different vertically and horizontally to be rectangular or elliptical.
[0066]
For example, the size D of the frosted glass 25 is different in the vertical (y) direction and the horizontal (x) direction, and (F / Dx) = 2, (F / Dy) = 20, and other conditions are as described above. If it is the same, the average size dx = 1.2 μm in the horizontal direction of the speckle pattern and the average size dy = 12 μm in the vertical direction, and an average size speckle pattern with an aspect ratio of 1:10 is obtained.
By exposing this in the same manner as in <Production means 2>, the light scattering film of the present invention having scattering anisotropy having different scattering properties in the vertical and horizontal directions can be obtained.
[0067]
The above <Production means 1 to 3> are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to this, or the light scattering film of the present invention may be realized even in a production method that is not an optical exposure means. is there.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
Light scattering occurs when the light scattering film is incident at a predetermined angle, and conversely, by functioning as a transparent film for light perpendicular to it, the light scattering property has incident angle selectivity. , Light that requires scattering and light that does not require scattering can be separated by the incident angle to the film, and as a result, when used in a display device, display of light without unnecessary scattering occurs. There are effects such as improving brightness, fineness, and contrast, and reducing blurring of a display image.
[0069]
In addition, when light is incident at an incident angle at which light scattering occurs, it is possible to have scattering anisotropy in which the spread of the scattered light differs vertically and horizontally.
Therefore, the scattered light can be emitted only in a necessary direction, and as a result, when used in a display device, there is an effect of improving display brightness and contrast without causing unnecessary scattering.
[0070]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a light scattering film of the present invention, wherein a left side is a plan view and a right side is a cross-sectional view.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a light scattering film of the present invention, wherein the left is a plan view and the right is a cross-sectional view.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the incident angle dependency of the light scattering film 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the light scattering anisotropy of the light scattering film of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing the main part of a reflective liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing the main part of a transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view conceptually showing the main part of a transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light scattering film of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an example of an optical system for producing a light scattering film having the structure shown in FIG. 1 by using a mask pattern.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing an example of an optical system for producing the light scattering film having the structure shown in FIG. 2 using a speckle pattern.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Light scattering film 2 ... Illumination light 3 incident from a scattering direction 3 ... Illumination light 4 incident from a transmission direction ... Plot 5 of measured haze value ... Liquid crystal panel 6 ... Reflector 7 ... Ambient illumination light 8 ... Scattered light 9 ... Outgoing scattered light 10 Backlight 11 Illuminating light 12 within a predetermined angle range Illuminating light 13 outside a predetermined angle range 13 Outgoing light 14 within a predetermined angular range 14 Outgoing light 15 outside a predetermined angular range 15 UV light source 16 Collimating Optical system 17 ... Parallel light 18 ... Mask original plate 19 ... Photosensitive material 20 ... Glass substrate 21 ... Chrome pattern 22 ... Optical fiber 23 ... Laser light source 24 ... Laser light 25 ... Ground glass 26 ... Beam expander 27 ... Collimator

Claims (4)

Inside of the film, according to the distribution of the different parts of the refractive index,
On the film surface, a pattern consisting of high and low refractive index is formed, and the shape of the part with different refractive index is vertically long (or horizontally long),
In the film cross section, the light scattering film having a structure in which the portions having different refractive indexes are distributed with inclination with respect to the thickness direction of the film,
Depending on the shape of the part with different refractive index on the surface of the film, the light scattering property is anisotropy in the light scattering property so that the light scattering property is horizontally long (or vertically long),
Light scattering occurs for light incident at an angle along the tilt direction in which portions with different refractive indexes are distributed ,
A light-scattering film characterized by having a light-scattering property and an incident-angle selectivity for light incident at an angle perpendicular to the tilt direction. The anisotropic light-scattering film according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index distribution is uniform in a direction in which portions having different refractive indexes are inclined in layers. The anisotropic light-scattering film according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index distribution is irregular in a direction in which portions having different refractive indexes are inclined in layers. A liquid crystal panel that changes a display pattern by modulating transmission / non-transmission according to an applied voltage, at any position on the front side (observer side) or back side (opposite side of the observer). A liquid crystal display device having a configuration in which the light scattering film according to any one of 3 is disposed.

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