JP3619368B2 - IC card information backup method and program recording medium - Google Patents

IC card information backup method and program recording medium Download PDF

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JP3619368B2
JP3619368B2 JP16067498A JP16067498A JP3619368B2 JP 3619368 B2 JP3619368 B2 JP 3619368B2 JP 16067498 A JP16067498 A JP 16067498A JP 16067498 A JP16067498 A JP 16067498A JP 3619368 B2 JP3619368 B2 JP 3619368B2
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information
card
disturbed
recording medium
usage
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JPH11353426A (en
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秀樹 赤鹿
秀実 森畠
真一 平田
知久 菅沼
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明はＩＣカード内に格納され、電子コイン、電子カルテ、利用サービス点数などの外部から勝手に改ざんができないが、内容が更新されていく情報（以下利用情報と記す）が、ＩＣカードの破壊などで利用不能になった場合に、その最新利用情報を補償するＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法、およびそのプログラム記録媒体に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来において、この種のＩＣカードが何等かのため破壊されると、そのＩＣカード内の利用情報は無駄になってしまった。
このようなことが生じないように、ＩＣカードの利用情報をセンタにおいても保持しておき、つまり二重に設けておき、ＩＣカードが破壊されると、その時の最新の利用情報又はこれに相当するものをセンタから受け取るようにすることが考えられる。しかしこの場合はセンタに、各ＩＣカードの利用情報を書込むことになり、利用情報のデータ量が多い場合は、センタで多数のＩＣカードの利用情報を保持することは全体のデータ量が著しく多くなり、その記憶装置の規模が大きくなるという問題が生じる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
センタに二重に利用情報を保持させることなく、ＩＣカードが破壊されてもその利用情報を補償してもらうことを可能とするＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法とそのプログラム記録媒体とを提供することにある。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明によれば、ＩＣカード補償機関装置とのみ共有する秘密情報が外部から取出すことができない状態でＩＣカード内に格納され、最新利用情報を、前回の攪乱情報と結合させて、秘密情報で攪乱させ、その攪乱された情報（攪乱情報）と最新利用情報とを外部の記録媒体に格納する。
【０００５】
ＩＣカードが破壊し、その最新の利用情報を補償してもらう場合は、ＩＣカード補償機関装置に外部記録媒体に記録した全情報を送信し、ＩＣカード補償機関の検証部において、その入力された情報の古い順に各利用情報とその攪乱情報の対について、利用情報とその１つ前の攪乱情報を結合させてそのＩＣカード補償機関装置の秘密情報で攪乱、その攪乱情報と、入力された対応攪乱情報とを比較することを逐次行う。全ての比較で一致がとれれば、その利用情報は正しいと判断し、その利用情報にもとづく補償を行う。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１に発明の方法を適用した場合の装置構成を示す。ＩＣカード１１の記憶部１２には、ＩＣカード補償機関装置１３とのみ共有する秘密情報Ｓ、利用情報Ｍ１などが記憶されている。利用情報Ｍ１は例えば電子コインの場合は、額面Ｗ、発行番号ＲＣ 、金額の銀行署名ＳＢ などからなると共に通常はその利用者の仮名として一般に公開鍵ＰＫＵとその発行機関装置の署名ＳＫＩ（ＰＫＵ）よりなるライセンスが付加される。更にこの電子コインＣにより金額ｙの支払いがなされるとｙとその取引きに固有の情報（チャレンジ）Ｃｈａｌｌ とに対する支払者署名ＳＫＵ（ｙ，Ｃｈａｌｌ）とｙとが付けられるが、ここではこのｙとＳＫＵ（ｙ，Ｃｈａｌｌ）を新たな利用情報Ｍ２としこれが記憶部１２に残される。支払いごとに利用情報Ｍ３，Ｍ４，…が記憶部１２に付加される。
【０００７】
攪乱部１４で最新の利用情報Ｍｉ＋１と、前回の攪乱情報ｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉを秘密情Ｓ報で攪乱し、その攪乱された情報（攪乱情報）ｈＭｉＭｉ＋１と最新利用情報Ｍｉ＋１を外部装置、例えばパソコン１５の記録媒体１６に記録する。同時に記憶部１２内の前回の攪乱情報ｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉを攪乱情報ｈＭｉＭｉ＋１で更新する。
【０００８】
この実施例では攪乱部１４として一方向性関数演算部を用いた場合で、前回攪乱情報ｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉと最新利用情報Ｍｉ＋１と秘密情報Ｓとをビット結合したものを変数として一方向性関数演算、例えばハッシュ関数演算がなされる。即ちｈＭｉＭｉ＋１＝ｈ（ｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉ，Ｍｉ＋１，Ｓ）として攪乱情報が得られる。この攪乱部１４での攪乱は秘密情報ＳによりｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉ，Ｍｉ＋１を暗号化するなど他の攪乱手法を用いてもよい。
【０００９】
一方向性関数による演算を例とすると、図２に示すように第１回目は、利用情報Ｍ１であり、前回の攪乱情報は存在しないから、攪乱部１４で攪乱された情報はｈＭ１＝ｈ（Ｍ１，Ｓ）となり、このｈＭ１と、Ｍ１とが外部記録媒体１６に記録される。
利用情報がＭ２になる又はＭ２が生じると、第２回目の処理がなされ、この時、前回の攪乱情報はｈＭ１であるから、生成される攪乱情報はｈＭ１Ｍ２＝ｈ（ｈＭ１，Ｍ２，Ｓ）となり、Ｍ２とｈＭ１Ｍ２が、記録媒体１６の前記記録された次の記録個所に記録される。
【００１０】
次に利用情報Ｍ３が生成されると、これと前回の攪乱情報ｈＭ１Ｍ２とＳの結合が一方向性関数演算されｈＭ２Ｍ３＝ｈ（ｈＭ１Ｍ２，Ｍ３，Ｓ）とＭ３が外部記録媒体１６の次の記憶個所に格納される。以下同様に利用情報Ｍｉ＋１が生成されるごとに、Ｍｉ＋１と前回の攪乱情報ｈｈＭｉ−１ＭｉとＳの結合が一方向性関数演算され、ｈＭｉＭｉ＋１が生成され、Ｍｉ＋１とｈＭｉＭｉ＋１が記録媒体１６に記録される。
【００１１】
ＩＣカード１１が破壊された場合は外部記録媒体１６に記録した全情報をＩＣカード補償機関装置１３へ持ち込み、その利用情報に対する補償を受ける。利用情報Ｍが前記のように電子コインである場合は、ＩＣカード補償機関装置１３は銀行のような金融機関の装置であって、外部記録媒体１６より持込まれた全情報はバッファ２１内に一時蓄えられる。このバッファ２１の情報中の各利用情報Ｍと対応攪乱情報との組が古い順に取出される。つまり図２に示した例ではまずＭ１とｈＭ１とが取出され、そのｈＭ１をレジスタ２２に格納し、Ｍ１と記憶部２３内の共有の秘密情報Ｓを攪乱部２４に入力し、この例ではＭ１とＳの結合について一方向性関数演算を行い、ｈ（Ｍ１，Ｓ）を求める。このｈ（Ｍ１，Ｓ）とレジスタ２２内のｈＭ１とを比較部２５で比較し、一致したら次の一組の情報Ｍ２，ｈＭ１，Ｍ２をバッファ２１から取出し、Ｍ２は攪乱部２４へ、ｈＭ１，Ｍ２はレジスタ２２へそれぞれ供給する。この際レジスタ２２のその直前の情報ｈＭ１が攪乱部２４へ移される。
【００１２】
攪乱部２４でｈ（ｈＭ１，Ｍ２，Ｓ）の演算がなされ、これとレジスタ２２内のｈＭ１Ｍ２とが比較部２５で比較され、一致すれば、次の一組Ｍ３，ｈＭ２Ｍ３がバッファ２１から取出され、Ｍ３が攪乱部２４へ、ｈＭ２Ｍ３がレジスタ２２へそれぞれ供給され、またレジスタ２２にあったｈＭ１Ｍ２が攪乱部２４へ供給され、ｈ（ｈＭ１Ｍ２，Ｍ３，Ｓ）の演算がなされ、レジスタ２２のｈＭ２Ｍ３と比較される。以下同様に処理され、最後の組Ｍｉ＋１，ｈＭｉＭｉ＋１が読出されると、そのＭｉ＋１とレジスタ２２内にあったｈＭｉ−１ＭｉとＳとが攪乱部２４で演算され、その演算結果ｈ（ｈＭｉ−１Ｍｉ，Ｍｉ＋１，Ｓ）とレジスタ２２内のｈＭｉＭｉ＋１と比較される。
【００１３】
以上の全ての比較が一致であれば、電子コインの場合は情報Ｍ１，Ｍ２，…，Ｍｉ＋１からそのＩＣカード１１内の支払い残の金額を求めて、その金額の現金を例えばそのＩＣカード１１の所有者へ渡して補償を行う。
前記繰返し比較処理で、一回でも不一致が検出されると、その時点で、処理を停止し、そのバッファ２１に取込んだ情報は不正なものとする。
【００１４】
ＩＣカード１１には操作部１７が設けられ、例えば電子コインの場合支払い金額を入力するなどの操作を行うことができ、また制御部１８により記憶部１２に対する読み出し、書き込み、各部の処理が行われる。更に図に示していないが、ＩＣカードの利用形態に応じて各種の機能が付加されている。またＩＣカード１１はマイクロコンピュータを備え、各部の機能をプログラムを読出し解読実行することにより行うように構成される。ＩＣカード補償機関装置１３においても制御部２６により、バッファ２１、レジスタ２２、記憶部２３に対する読み出し、書き込み、各部の処理、比較結果にもとづく処理などが行われる。
【００１５】
Ｍｉ，ｈＭｉ−１，Ｍｉ を記憶する外部記録媒体１６は一つのパソコンなどの１装置に限られることなく、他のパソコンなどの装置の記録媒体に記録してもよい。そのように複数に分割されて記録された場合は、その履歴がくるわないように、各部から集めて、正しい順にＩＣカード補償機関装置１３に入力すればよい。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたようにこの発明によれば、ＩＣカード補償機関装置とのみ共有の秘密情報で、前回の攪乱情報とリンクさせて最新利用情報を攪乱し、これと最新情報とを例えばパソコンの記録媒体に記録させるため、各ＩＣカードの情報をセンタに保持される場合と比較して著しく少ない情報量であり、外部記録媒体の規模が大きくなるおそれはない。また前回の攪乱情報とリンクされ、かつ共通の秘密情報を用いるため、不正に情報の変更をすると、そのことが容易に検出され、正しい情報に対し、正しい補償が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明方法が適用されるシステムの機能構成例を示すブロック図。
【図２】利用情報の変化と、前回攪乱情報の変化と、外部記録媒体に記録される情報との関係例を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is stored in an IC card and cannot be tampered with from outside, such as electronic coins, electronic medical records, usage service scores, etc., but the information whose contents are updated (hereinafter referred to as usage information) is destroyed by the IC card. The present invention relates to an information backup method for an IC card that compensates for the latest use information when the use becomes unavailable and the program recording medium .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when this type of IC card is destroyed for some reason, the usage information in the IC card has been wasted.
In order to prevent this from happening, the IC card usage information is also held at the center, that is, provided in duplicate, and when the IC card is destroyed, the latest usage information at that time or the equivalent. It is conceivable to receive what to do from the center. However, in this case, the usage information of each IC card is written in the center. When the amount of usage information is large, holding the usage information of a large number of IC cards in the center significantly increases the total amount of data. There is a problem that the number of storage devices increases and the size of the storage device increases.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
To provide an information backup method for an IC card and a program recording medium thereof that can compensate for the usage information even if the IC card is destroyed without holding the usage information twice in the center. is there.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the secret information shared only with the IC card compensation engine device is stored in the IC card in a state where it cannot be taken out from the outside, and the latest usage information is combined with the previous disturbance information to obtain the secret information. Disturbed, and the disturbed information (disturbance information) and the latest usage information are stored in an external recording medium.
[0005]
When the IC card is destroyed and the latest usage information is compensated, all the information recorded on the external recording medium is transmitted to the IC card compensation engine device, and the IC card compensation engine's verification unit inputs the information. For each pair of usage information and its disturbance information in order from the oldest information, the usage information and the previous disturbance information are combined, and the information is disturbed by the confidential information of the IC card compensation engine device. The comparison with disturbance information is performed sequentially. If there is a match in all comparisons, it is determined that the usage information is correct, and compensation is performed based on the usage information.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus configuration when the method of the invention is applied. The storage unit 12 of the IC card 11 stores secret information S, usage information M1, and the like shared only with the IC card compensation engine device 13. If available information M1 is the electronic coin, for example, face value W, issue number R C, signed along with the like bank signature S B of the amount of money is usually a public key PKU in general as a pseudonym of the user that the issuer equipment SKI ( (PKU) is added. Further, when the amount of money y is paid by the electronic coin C, a payer signature SKU (y, Call) and y for y and information (challenge) unique to the transaction are attached. Here, this y And SKU (y, Call) are set as new usage information M2, which is left in the storage unit 12. Usage information M3, M4,... Is added to the storage unit 12 for each payment.
[0007]
The disturbing unit 14 disturbs the latest usage information Mi + 1 and the previous disturbing information hMi-1Mi with secret information S, and the disturbed information (disturbing information) hMiMi + 1 and the latest usage information Mi + 1 are stored in an external device such as the personal computer 15 Recording is performed on the recording medium 16. At the same time, the previous disturbance information hMi-1Mi in the storage unit 12 is updated with the disturbance information hMiMi + 1.
[0008]
In this embodiment, when a one-way function calculation unit is used as the disturbance unit 14, a one-way function calculation is performed using a bit combination of the previous disturbance information hMi-1Mi, the latest usage information Mi + 1, and the secret information S. For example, a hash function operation is performed. That is, disturbance information is obtained as hMiMi + 1 = h (hMi-1Mi, Mi + 1, S). For the disturbance in the disturbance unit 14, other disturbance methods such as encryption of hMi-1Mi and Mi + 1 by the secret information S may be used.
[0009]
As an example of calculation by a one-way function, as shown in FIG. 2, the first time is the usage information M1, and the previous disturbance information does not exist. Therefore, the information disturbed by the disturbing unit 14 is hM1 = h ( M1, S), and hM1 and M1 are recorded on the external recording medium 16.
When the usage information becomes M2 or M2 occurs, the second processing is performed. At this time, since the previous disturbance information is hM1, the generated disturbance information is hM1M2 = h (hM1, M2, S). , M2 and hM1M2 are recorded at the next recorded location of the recording medium 16.
[0010]
Next, when the usage information M3 is generated, the combination of this and the previous disturbance information hM1M2 and S is calculated by a one-way function, and hM2M3 = h (hM1M2, M3, S) and M3 are stored in the next storage of the external recording medium 16. Stored in place. Similarly, every time the usage information Mi + 1 is generated, the combination of Mi + 1 and the previous disturbance information hhMi-1Mi and S is calculated by a one-way function, hMiMi + 1 is generated, and Mi + 1 and hMiMi + 1 are recorded on the recording medium 16. .
[0011]
When the IC card 11 is destroyed, all information recorded on the external recording medium 16 is brought into the IC card compensation engine device 13 to receive compensation for the usage information. When the usage information M is an electronic coin as described above, the IC card compensation institution device 13 is a device of a financial institution such as a bank, and all the information brought in from the external recording medium 16 is temporarily stored in the buffer 21. Stored. A set of each usage information M and corresponding disturbance information in the information of the buffer 21 is extracted in order from the oldest. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 2, M1 and hM1 are first taken out, the hM1 is stored in the register 22, and the shared secret information S in M1 and the storage unit 23 is input to the disturbance unit 24. In this example, M1 A one-way function calculation is performed on the combination of S and S to obtain h (M1, S). The comparison unit 25 compares h (M1, S) and hM1 in the register 22, and if they match, the next set of information M2, hM1, M2 is taken out from the buffer 21, and M2 is sent to the disturbance unit 24. M2 is supplied to the registers 22 respectively. At this time, the immediately preceding information hM 1 in the register 22 is transferred to the disturbance unit 24.
[0012]
The disturbance unit 24 calculates h (hM1, M2, S), and this is compared with hM1M2 in the register 22, and if they match, the next set M3, hM2M3 is extracted from the buffer 21. , M3 is supplied to the disturbance unit 24, hM2M3 is supplied to the register 22, and hM1M2 in the register 22 is supplied to the disturbance unit 24 to calculate h (hM1M2, M3, S). To be compared. Thereafter, the same processing is performed, and when the last set Mi + 1, hMiMi + 1 is read, the Mi + 1 and hMi-1Mi and S in the register 22 are calculated by the disturbance unit 24, and the calculation result h (hMi-1Mi, Mi + 1, S) and hMiMi + 1 in register 22 are compared.
[0013]
If all of the above comparisons match, in the case of an electronic coin, the remaining payment amount in the IC card 11 is obtained from the information M1, M2,... Give it to the owner for compensation.
If a mismatch is detected even once in the repeated comparison process, the process is stopped at that point, and the information taken into the buffer 21 is invalid.
[0014]
The IC card 11 is provided with an operation unit 17, which can perform operations such as inputting a payment amount in the case of an electronic coin, and the control unit 18 reads, writes, and processes each unit with respect to the storage unit 12. . Further, although not shown in the figure, various functions are added according to the usage form of the IC card. The IC card 11 includes a microcomputer, and is configured to perform the functions of each unit by reading a program and decoding it. Also in the IC card compensation engine device 13, the control unit 26 performs reading / writing on the buffer 21, the register 22, and the storage unit 23, processing of each unit, processing based on the comparison result, and the like.
[0015]
The external recording medium 16 that stores Mi, hMi-1, and Mi is not limited to one device such as one personal computer, and may be recorded on a recording medium of another device such as a personal computer. In such a case, when it is divided and recorded, it may be collected from each part and input to the IC card compensation engine device 13 in the correct order so that the history does not come.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the secret information shared only with the IC card compensation engine device is linked with the previous disturbance information to disturb the latest usage information, and this and the latest information are, for example, recorded on a recording medium of a personal computer. Therefore, the information amount of each IC card is remarkably small compared with the case where the information of each IC card is held in the center, and the scale of the external recording medium is not increased. In addition, since it is linked with the previous disturbance information and uses common secret information, if the information is changed illegally, this is easily detected and correct compensation can be made for the correct information.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of a system to which the method of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between a change in usage information, a change in previous disturbance information, and information recorded on an external recording medium.

Claims (3)

ＩＣカード内にＩＣカード補償機関装置とのみ共有する秘密情報を、外部から取出すことができない状態で保持し、
上記ＩＣカード内の外部から勝手に改ざんができないが、内容が更新されていく利用情報中の最新利用情報と、それが上記秘密情報で攪乱された情報とを、外部記録媒体に格納すると共に上記攪乱された情報を上記ＩＣカード内の記憶部に格納し、
上記ＩＣカード内の利用情報が更新されるごとに、その最新利用情報に、上記前回の攪乱された情報を加えて上記秘密情報で攪乱し、
その攪乱された情報で上記ＩＣカードの記憶部内の前回の攪乱された情報を更新し、
上記外部記録媒体に、上記更新された最新利用情報とその攪乱された情報とを格納することを特徴とするＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法。The secret information to be shared only with the IC card compensation engine system in an IC card, and held in a state that can not be taken out from the outside,
But can not arbitrarily tampering from the outside in the IC card, and the latest available information in the use of information whose contents will be updated, and the information it was disturbed 攪above secret information, as well as stored in an external recording medium the information the disrupting stored in the storage unit in the IC card,
To Rugoto is updated using the information in the IC card, to the latest available information, the disturbance in the above secret information in addition to the disturbance information of the above-mentioned last time,
Update the previous disturbed information in the memory part of the IC card with the disturbed information,
An IC card information backup method, wherein the updated latest usage information and the disturbed information are stored in the external recording medium . 請求項１記載のＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法において、
上記ＩＣカード補償機関装置に、上記外部記録媒体に格納されている全情報を送り、
ＩＣカード補償機関装置はその受信情報中の各利用情報と、その対応攪乱情報とについて、各利用情報に対して、古い順に、当該利用情報と当該利用情報の１つ前の利用情報に対する攪乱情報とをカード補償機関装置の秘密情報で攪乱し、
その攪乱された情報と当該利用情報に対する攪乱情報と比較し、
その全ての比較で一致が得られると、受信した最新の利用情報に対する補償をすることを特徴とするＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法。In the IC card information backup method according to claim 1,
Send all information stored in the external recording medium to the IC card compensation engine device,
The IC card compensator engine apparatus, for each piece of usage information in the received information and its corresponding disturbance information, for each piece of usage information, in chronological order, the usage information and the disturbance information for the usage information immediately before the usage information. Is disturbed by the secret information of the card compensation institution device,
Compare the disturbed information with the disturbed information for the usage information,
An IC card information backup method comprising compensating for the latest usage information received when a match is obtained in all the comparisons. 請求項１記載のＩＣカードの情報バックアップ方法の各ステップをコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体。 A computer-readable recording medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute each step of the IC card information backup method according to claim 1 .
JP16067498A 1998-06-09 1998-06-09 IC card information backup method and program recording medium Expired - Fee Related JP3619368B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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WO2005119438A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Function setting system, imaging device, data processing device, function setting method, and function setting program
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