JP3618836B2

JP3618836B2 - Operating method of extrusion molding machine and extrusion molding machine

Info

Publication number: JP3618836B2
Application number: JP18357095A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 敏梅原; 貢軍司; 稔臼木
Original assignee: Fujisash Co Ltd
Current assignee: Fujisash Co Ltd
Priority date: 1995-06-27
Filing date: 1995-06-27
Publication date: 2005-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 2020-02-09
Also published as: JPH0910728A

Description

【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は都市ごみの焼却灰、都市ごみの焼却時に電気集塵機、バグフィルタ等により収集されるＥＰ灰、流動床焼却炉の焼却灰等の飛灰の固化処理に用いる押出成形機及びその運転方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、飛灰等の固化処理としては、飛灰に固化剤を混合して水和反応により固化することが行われている。このための工程は混合、混練、押出し成形となるが混練と押出し成形を行うことができる押出成形機が多用されている。
【０００３】
この押出成形機はトラフ中に平行する二本の回転体により原料の混練とを行うと共に原料に推進力を与え、トラフ端部に設けたダイスから押出し成形するようになっている。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の押出成形機では原料飛灰と固化剤のセメントの混合物が自硬性を持っているので、ダイスを備えた前面フランジ（ダイスホルダ）を開閉自在にトラフに取着しておいて、運転終了時に原料を供給しないで混練物が押出されなくなるまで運転し、その後停止し、前面フランジを開いて前面フランジの内面及びダイスの清掃を行っている。
【０００５】
運転終了時トラフ内の原料が押し出されなくなるとダイス穴に混練物が詰ったまま、時間と共に硬化する。
【０００６】
そのため、前回停止後時間が経過、例えば前日夕方に停止し、その翌朝に運転すると、ダイスが固化した混練物で閉塞してしまい、混練と押出しを行う回転体の推力のみで押し出すことができず、又駆動装置に過負荷が生ずる。
【０００７】
又、作業終時は、原料を供給しないで運転することにより押出成形機内部の混練物はほぼ排出されるが若干はトラフに残る。この残った混練物は時間と共に硬化するので、次に運転を開始するまでの時間が長いと、トラフ内での混練物の固化が進んでいるため、負荷が増大して押出成形機の始動が非常に困難となる。
【０００８】
そのため、押出成形機の運転終了後に、ダイスを備えた前面フランジ（ダイスホルダ）を開いて、ダイス穴に詰った混練物を突き棒を手でもって押し出し、その後、ブラシでダイス穴を清掃していた。従って押出成形機の運転開始から運転終了までは連続運転で人力を要さないが、運転終了後に前記の手作業が加わり、完全な自動運転ではなかった。
【０００９】
本発明は、上記のような、運転終了後における手作業をなくすることにより自動化された押出成形機の運転方法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１０】
上記運転方法によれば、始動時運転動力が小さくなる。本発明は上記発明を実施した場合において、始動時運転動力を更に小さくできる押出成形機を提供することを目的とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第１の発明は水和反応により固化する固化剤と被処理物との混合物を原料としこの原料の混練を行う押出成形機であって、一方の上部に入口を有し、他方の軸方向にダイスを備えた出口を有するトラフ中に平行な水平軸を同方向に同一速度で回転可能に配し、トラフの内周とその外周が接近して混練と押出しを行う回転体を軸に並列固定し、該軸を駆動装置に連結した押出成形機の運転方法において、運転終了後押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、間欠的に原料を供給しないで空運転を行うことを特徴とする押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１２】
本発明の第２の発明は前記空運転は一定時間毎に行われることを特徴とする第１の発明に記載の押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１３】
本発明の第３の発明は、前記空運転は、運転終了後間をおいて最低１回行われることを特徴とする第１の発明に記載の押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１４】
本発明の第４の発明は水和反応により固化する固化剤と被処理物との混合物を原料としこの原料の混練連を行う押出成形機であって、一方の上部に入口を有し、他方の軸方向にダイスを備えた出口を有するトラフ中に平行な水平軸を同方向に同一速度で回転可能に配し、トラフの内周と外周が接近して混練と押出しを行う回転体を軸に並列固定し、該軸を駆動装置に連結した押出成形機の運転方法において、原料を供給し乍ら押出成形機を連続運転している状態で原料の供給を断つと同時に押出成形機を停止して押出作業を終了し、作業終了後押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、原料を供給しないで間隔をおいて間欠運転を行うことを特徴とする押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１５】
本発明の第５の発明は押出成形機を停止した日の夕方より、その翌朝の運転開始までを間欠運転期間とし、間欠運転時間の合計がトラフ中の混練物が押出されてなくなる運転時間であることを特徴とする第４の発明に記載の押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１６】
本発明の第６の発明は水和反応により固化する固化剤と被処理物との混合物を原料としこの原料の混練を行う押出成形機であって、一方の上部に入口を有し、他方の軸方向にダイスを備えた出口を有するトラフ中に平行な水平軸を同方向に同一速度で回転可能に配し、トラフの内周とその外周が接近して混練と押出しを行う回転体を軸に並列固定し、該軸を駆動装置に連結した押出成形機の運転方法において、押出成形機の押出し作業終了時に原料を供給しないで混練物が押し出されなくなるまで運転して停止後、押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、間隔をおいて間欠的に原料を供給しない空運転を行うことを特徴とする押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００１７】
本発明の第７の発明は混練押出機の運転停止後の空運転は、一定間隔で行うことを特徴とする第６の発明に記載の押出成形機の運転方法である。
【００２０】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に従って説明する。
【００２１】
（実施例１）
図１は図４のＡ−Ａ拡大断面図、図３はこの発明の実施例の側面図、図２は図３の平面図、図４は図３の正面図、図５は図３のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【００２２】
機台１上には床上に据付けられた電動機１５からベルト装置１６を介して駆動される減速機２が固定され、減速機２の出力軸と歯車箱５の入力軸は軸接手３により連結されている。
【００２３】
歯車箱５内は図示しないが歯車箱５の入力軸に固定された歯車が平行軸６，６′に夫々固定された同一歯数の歯車にかみ合っており、二つの軸６，６′は該入力軸の回転により同方向に同じ速度で回転可能となっている。歯車箱５は機台１に固定されている。
【００２４】
歯車箱５の出力側には中間ケーシング７を介して上下二つ割のトラフ８が固定されている。トラフ８は機台１に固定されている。軸６，６′は歯車箱５に回転自在に支持され、歯車箱５からトラフ８中へ延出されている。トラフ８の中間ケーシングとの連結部には軸６，６′を軸封する軸封装置９，９′が設けられている。
【００２５】
トラフ８の入口８ａから出口のフランジ１３へ向って、軸６，６′には順に送りスクリュー１１，１１′、図には見えない撹拌パドル群、押出スクリュー１２，１２′が夫々固定されている。
【００２６】
送りスクリュー１１，１１′は軸６，６′に嵌合固定される円筒形ボス外周にねじ羽根を設けたものであり、各ねじ羽根は同ピッチで同方向へねじれており、スクリュー１１のねじ羽根の山はスクリュー１１′のねじ羽根の谷に係合し、互いに山と谷が入り込んでいる。スクリュー１１，１１′の外径はトラフ８の内壁とは隙間少なく接近している。
【００２７】
押出スクリュー１２，１２′は送りスクリュー１１，１１′と同様であるが、送りスクリュー１１，１１′よりもピッチが小さい。軸６，６′に夫々備える上記撹拌パドルは軸方向同位置のものは互いに接するか、接近して回転する木の葉形状をしている。撹拌パドルとトラフ８はすきま少く接近している。撹拌パドルは軸方向に隣る撹拌パドル群とは夫々について同一方向にリード角を付して捩って軸６，６′に固定されており、攪拌パドル群は全体としてリードを付されており、混練作用と共に送り機能を持っている。
【００２８】
トラフ８の前端の混練物の出口側には竪軸のヒンジ１３ａでもって前記フランジ１３が開閉自在に取り付けられている。フランジ１３の周囲には全周にわたり間隔をおいて切り込み１３ｂが設けられ、該切り込み１３ｂを挿通してねじ部材をトラフ８の前端面のめねじにねじ込むことにより、フランジ１３をトラフ８に固定できるようになっている。
【００２９】
フランジ１３はダイスホルダであって、板状をしており、板面を貫通してダイス１４が複数設けられている。ダイス１４の配置は、軸６，６′の軸心を中心とする同径の互いに接する円の円周上に等配して設けられ、該二円の接点上には一つのダイス１４が夫々の円上の配置において共通のダイス１４となっている。ダイス１４は図１に示すようにつば１４ａを備えた円筒形外周と、同心にダイス穴である円筒形内周部１４ｂと円筒形内周部１４ｂの端部を小端とする円錐形内周部１４ｃを備えている。このダイス１４は混練物が接して摺擦する円筒形内周部１４ｂの長さＬのダイスストロークに対してダイス径ｄが大となっている。円錐形内周部１４ｃは、混練物の押し出し方向に関し、ダイス穴である円筒形内周部１４ｂよりも後流側にあり、円筒形内周部１４ｂよりも拡大された拡大部となっているので通常では、混練物とは接触しない。
【００３０】
この拡大部としては、円筒形でもよく、ダイス穴より著しく大でない限り、その他の断面形状でもよい。
【００３１】
トラフ８の歯車箱５寄りの端部の上面には原料、例えば飛灰とセメントの混合物を投入する入口８ａが設けられている。この入口８ａには、混練押出しを行う本混練押出機の前工程の攪拌機の出口側が結合される。トラフ８内の原料へ水を添加するための添加水ノズル１９がトラフ８に設けてある。
【００３２】
電動機１５への給電を制御する開閉器２０はドライバ１７により駆動される。ドライバ１７の付勢タイミングは制御装置１８により制御される。制御装置１８は後述の作用を行う２４時間サイクルタイマ（以下単にサイクルタイマと称する）を備えている。
【００３３】
本実施例１は図６のタイムチャートに示すようなタイミングで動作する。図６は毎日の作業を８時から１７時までとし、昼休みを１２時から１３時とした場合について述べてある。
【００３４】
８時に制御装置１８の運転開始の押しボタンを押して入力すると制御装置１８はドライバ１７を介して開閉器２０を閉成し電動機１５に通電する。電動機１５の回転はベルト装置１６を介して減速機２に入力され、減速した回転力は軸接手３を介して歯車箱５に入力され、軸６，６′は同方向に回転し、軸上の送りスクリュー１１，１１′、図示されない混練パドル群、押出スクリュー１２，１２′は軸６，６′と共に回転する。
【００３５】
上記電動機１５の起動と同時に前工程の図示されない混練機が起動され、混練を始めており、やがて８時より少し遅れてトラフの入口８ａへ原料例えば飛灰とセメントの混合物の投入が始まる。入口８ａからトラフ８中へ投入された原料は送りスクリュー１１，１１′で図示されない混練パドル群へ送られる。
【００３６】
混練パドル群は夫々回転しており、混練パドル群はトラフ８と隙間少く配されており、互いに外周を接してもしくは接近して回動しているから原料は混練され、混練物となる。混練パドル群は全体としてリードを付してあるので混練物は混練されたら、押出しスクリュー１２，１２′の方へ送られる。押出しスクリュー１２，１２′は混練物を加圧し、ダイス１４の円筒形内周部１４ｂで円筒形に成形され、円錐形部１４ｃには接触することなく排出される。排出後は切断機で自動的に一定長さに切断されるか、自重で折れてシュート等に従って落下するようになっている。この混練部の出力は原料の投入より若干遅れる。混練物の出力が始まると午前中連続する。
【００３７】
かくして１２時が近ずくと、原料供給が終了し、１２時前には混練物は押出されなくなり、その後若干運転されて１２時に電動機１５は停止して押出成形機は昼休みの運転休止に入るが制御装置１８のサイクルタイマはこの電動機１５への断電の信号を受けて、付勢される。
【００３８】
１３時に制御装置１８の運転開始押ボタンを押すとサイクルタイマはリセットされ電動機１５が回転し押出成形機が運転され１３時より少し遅れてトラフの入口８ａから原料が投入される。原料投入から、しばらくするとダイス１４から混練物が出力され午後の操業時間中連続する。
【００３９】
そして、１３時に運転開始の押ボタンを押し忘れその他の理由で押さないとしても、サイクルタイマにより制御装置１８はドライバ１７を介して開閉器２０を約１分程度閉成し、電動機１５に通電し、混練押出機は暫時運転される。この１２時から１３時までにわずかにトラフ８内に残った混練物は少し固化しているので押出スクリュー１２，１２′の押し出し力が働き、フランジ１３の裏面へ押しつけるので、１２時に停止時ダイス１４中に残った混練物は押し出される。そして再び混練され軟化した混練物がダイス１４中に詰まる。
【００４０】
１７時が近ずくと、原料供給が終了し、１７時前には混練物は押出されなくなり、その後若干運転されて１７時に電動機１５は停止して、その日の操業は終了する。
【００４１】
上記１７時における電動機１５の断電の信号を受けて制御装置１８に備えるサイクルタイマが付勢され、明朝８時まで一定時間例えば１時間毎に原料を供給することなく１分間空運転する。
【００４２】
明朝８時に制御装置１８の運転開始ボタンを押すと、サイクルタイマはリセットされ、前日と同様に操業される。
【００４３】
上記において１７時以降の間欠運転では逐次ダイス１４から混練物は押し出されなくなり、混練物がダイス穴の円筒形内周部１４ｂにつまったままとなる。従って、明朝８時以降の運転時、トラフ８内の送りスクリュー１１，１１′、混練パドル群、押出スクリュー１２，１２′等の回転抵抗は大きくなるものの、前日からの間欠運転により、混練物の残留量は少くなっているため、起動抵抗は低減される。又、明朝８時後に最初にダイス１４から混練物を押し出すためにはダイス穴の円筒形内周部１４ｂ中の固化した混練物を押し出さなければならないが、上記間欠運転により固化が軽減されており、且つダイス穴の円筒形内周部１４ｂの直径ｄが円筒形内周部１４ｂの長さＬよりも大きいため、押出し抵抗が小さい。従って、ダイス穴の円筒形内周部１４ｂに詰った混練物は比較的小さな力で押し出されてしまうので電動機１５に過大な負荷が加わらない。従って又、電動機１５の容量を小さくすることができる。
【００４４】
この実施例はねり直しによっても強度が出て固着力の強い原料に対して有効である。
【００４５】
（実施例２）
この実施例は、原料を供給し乍ら押出成形機を連続運転している状態で原料の供給を断つと同時に押出成形機を停止して押出し作業を終了し、作業終了後原料を供給しないで間隔をおいて間欠運転を行うことを特徴とする。押出成形機の構成は前実施例と同様であり、運転モードを異にする。
【００４６】
図７は実施例２のタイムチャートである。
【００４７】
図７は毎日の作業を８時から１７時までで昼休みを１２時から１３時とした場合について述べてある。
【００４８】
８時に制御装置１８の運転開始の押ボタンを押して入力すると、電動機１５が起動して押出成形機が運転を始めると、同時に前工程の図示されない混練機が起動され、やがて８時より少し遅れてトラフ８の入口８ａへ原料の投入が始まる。この原料はトラフ８内をダイス１４方向へ進み乍ら混練され圧密されて原料の投入よりも更に遅れてダイス１４から外部へ混練物が成形して押し出される。上記の点の工程は実施例１と同様である。
【００４９】
１２時になると原料供給が停止されると同時に電動機１５は停止する。従って混練物の押し出しも同時に止む。この電動機１５の断電を受けて制御装置１８に備えるサイクルタイマは付勢される。
【００５０】
１３時になると制御装置１８の始動用の押ボタンが押されて電動機１５が付勢されて押出成形機が運転されると、同時にトラフ８内に混練物が残っているため、ダイス１４からは混練物が押し出される。若干遅れて、原料の供給が始まる。この１３時における状態では、ダイス１４に若干固化した混練物が残っているが、固化時間は、１２時から１３時までの１時間のみで固化の程度は小さい。
【００５１】
１７時になる少し前又は、１７時になると、原料供給が停止されると同時に電動機１５は停止する。従って混練物の押し出しも同時に止む。この電動機１５の断電を受けて制御装置１８に備えるサイクルタイマは付勢される。以後１時間毎にサイクルタイマにより電動機１５は約１分間運転される。
【００５２】
これによって押出成形機は原料の供給がなくても、トラフ８内の残留混練物をダイス１４から押し出す。このダイス１４からの押し出される混練物は間欠運転の最初の内は運転中出力されるが、くり返して行く内にトラフ８の混練物が次第に減少し、くり返すと、実施例１の夜間における間欠運転と同様にダイス穴の円筒形内周部１４ｂに詰った混練物を押し出すのみとなり、遂にはダイス穴に詰った混練物も押出す混練物がなくなる。
【００５３】
明朝８時からの運転開始時の動作は、前日の運転開始時の動作と同じである。
【００５４】
上記において、作業終了の１７時から翌日８時までの間欠運転の間隔、間欠運転における運転時の時間を適当に選ぶことによって、間欠運転の運転時にダイス１４から常に混練物を押し出すことができ、ダイス１４中の混練物の固化による押出抵抗の増加が小さいので、電動機１５の容量を小さくできる。この場合、間欠運転における運転終了の１７時から翌朝８時の運転時間合計で押し出される量をトラフ８内の混練物の１７時における量と同じにしておけばよい。
【００５５】
この実施例２では、トラフ内の混練物の排出を徹底するので、次に始動するときの起動力か非常に小さい。
【００５６】
尚、１３時において、制御装置１８の運転開始の押ボタンを押さない場合は、サイクルタイマが作動し、間欠運転が開始される点は前実施例と同一である。
【００５７】
本実施例によれば、停電により押出成形機が停止し、停電回復後にこの運転を行うことにより、新旧原料の混合を避けることができる。
【００５８】
（実施例３）
実施例１の装置構成において、本実施例３では、サイクルタイマを２４時間に１回１８時に作動するようにしたものである。図８に示すように１７時における押出成形機の運転終了に際し、原料を供給しないでトラフ８内の混練物がなくなるまで運転する。この状態では、ダイス１４のダイス穴には混練物が詰っており、トラフ８と送りスクリュー１１，１１′混練パドル、押出スクリュー１２，１２′との間の空間には混練物が存在する。そこで例えば運転停止後、間隔１時間をおいて数分間１回運転を行う。これにより、押出成形機内部の残留した初期固化状態の混練物を破壊する。するとその混練物の性状は押し出し可能となり、この混練物によりダイス１４のダイス穴の混練物を押し出す。このねり直された混練物は凝固する力は著しく低下するので、次回始動時の起動運転動力を低下させることになる。
【００５９】
上記各実施例におけるダイスが混練物で詰った場合における混練物とダイスの付着力については以下のとおりである。
【００６０】
ダイスに必要な押出力Ｆｋｇはダイスの円筒形内周面の面積、即ちダイス付着面積Ａｃｍと混練物とダイスとの付着力ａｋｇ／ｃｍ^２となる。即ち
Ｆ＝Ａ・ａ
上記付着力はダイス中から混練物が押し出されている状態では、混練物とダイス間には動摩擦抵抗しか作用しないので押出力は圧密に要する力及び動摩抵抗に打克つ力の合計である。又、押出中、運転を停止するとダイスには混練物が詰ったままとなるが、固化の初めであり、ダイスと混練物との付着力は小さい。従ってこれを押し出すのも容易である。
【００６１】
次にダイスと混練物の付着力は混練物の固化に従って増大するものと考えられる。
【００６２】
図９は飛灰にセメントを１０％重量を加えた混練物の強度を示し、横軸に時間をとり、縦軸に一軸圧縮強度をとって示す線図である。時間の経過と共に一軸圧縮強度の増加することが示されている。ダイス穴に詰った混練物は上記のように一軸圧縮強度が増加すると共にダイスの円筒形内周面と混練物の付着力は増大するものと考えられる。
【００６３】
上記より、ダイス中で固化した混練物は、ダイスとの付着力は次第に増大し、これを押し出すには大きな押出力を必要とする。
【００６４】
又、ダイスの円筒形内周面と混練物の付着力は円筒形内周面の面積に比例すると考えられるので、これを押出すに要する力も円筒形内周面の面積に比例すると考えられる。
【００６５】
上記の考察を元に計算例を次に示す。
【００６６】
押出成形機のダイスに詰まった成形物を一定時間後、押出スクリューの力で、押出す場合、押出スクリューの必要な力はダイスと混練物の付着力になる。
【００６７】
混練物は自硬性がある為１２時間後の成形物の付着力は２〜５ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２である。ダイスから混練物を外部に押出す力は成形された混練物、即ち成形物外径１．５ｃｍ、ダイス長さ０．５ｃｍでは、
（ダイス付着面積）×（付着力）＝押出力
（１．５ｃｍ×π×０．５ｃｍ）×５ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２＝１２ｋｇ
この押出力に対する必要動力は（押出スクリューφ２２５の場合）
Ｈ（馬力）＝（Ｆｋｇ×Ｖｍ／ｓ）／（７５ｋｇｍ／ｓ）より
Ｖ＝押出スクリューピッチ×回転数／６０＝０．０９ｍ×２６ｒｐｍ／６０＝０．３９ｍ／ｓ
成形物の単位圧力は（Ｐ）
Ｐ＝１２／（π／４×１．５^２）＝６．８ｋｇ／ｃｍ^２
押出スクリューの面積は（Ｓ）
Ｓ＝（π／４×２２．５^２ ×２（軸）＝７９５ｃｍ^２
Ｆ＝６．８×７９５＝５４０６ｋｇ
Ｈ＝５４０６×０．０３９＝２１１ｋｇｍ／ｓ＝２１１／７５馬力＝２．８馬力

ダイスに成形物が詰った状態での押出成形機の起動は、通常運転動力にダイスに成形物が詰った状態の動力（上表）が必要になり、実機範囲が限定される。
【００６８】
この為、ダイス形状は成形物が成形できる状態で、ダイス径、ダイス長さを小さくする必要がある。
【００６９】
また成形物の付着力を小さくする為、成形機停止後一定時間後に少なくとも１回運転し、押出成形機内部の初期固化状態を破壊し、その混練物によりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊させ、成形機の起動動力を小さくさせる。
【００７０】
ダイス取付用のフランジは通常運転動力とダイスと成形物の付着動力を合せた動力の強度が必要である。この為、ダイス径、ダイス長さは小さくしなければならない。
【００７１】
実施の形態は、固化剤と被処理物との混合物を原料としこの原料の混練を行う押出成形機であって、一方の上部に入口を有し、他方の軸方向に出口を有し、出口にダイスを備えたトラフ中に平行な水平軸を同方向に同一速度で回転可能に配し、トラフの内周と外周が接近して混練と押出しを行う回転体を軸に並列固定し、該軸を駆動装置に連結した押出成形機において、ダイスの混練物と接触しているダイス穴の中心線方向の長さであるダイスストロークをダイス径よりも小さくしたことにより、始動時にダイス穴に詰って固化した混練物の静止押出抵抗はダイスストロークが小さいため、押出成形機の起動抵抗を小さくでき、駆動原動機の容量を小さくできる。又、運転休止中にダイス穴に詰った混練物が固化して押し出し不可能になるということを駆動電動機容量を増加することなく防止することができた。
【００７２】
又、ダイスはダイスストロークに相当する長さの円筒部と、押出方向に関し後流側に円筒部に続く、円筒部断面より大断面の混練物が接触しない拡大部を有することにより、ダイス全長を短くすることがなく、ダイス及びダイスホルダーの強度を保つことができる。又、ダイスのダイスホルダーへの取着を困難にすることがない。
【００７３】
【発明の効果】
本発明の第１から第７の発明は、水和反応により固化する個化剤と被処理物との混合物を原料としこの原料の混練を行う押出成形機であって、一方の上部に入口を有し、他方の軸方向にダイスを備えた出口を有するトラフ中に平行な水平軸を同方向に同一速度で回転可能に配し、トラフの内周とその外周が接近して混練と押出しを行う回転体を軸に並列固定し、該軸を駆動装置に連結した押出成形機の運転方法においてのものであり、本発明の第１の発明は、運転終了後押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、間欠的に原料を供給しないで空回転を行うことにより、作業終了後におけるダイスの詰りにより次に運転開始時に混練物を押し出すことができないということが防止できた。又、長時間の操業停止後のトラフ内の残留混練物の固化による回転体の始動抵抗を減少することができた。
【００７４】
本発明の第２の発明は、第１の発明において、空運転は一定時間毎に行われることにより、上記第１の発明の効果を確実に達成可能となる。
【００７５】
本発明の第３の発明は、第１の発明において、空運転は、運転終了後間をおいて１回行われることにより、飛灰とセメントの混合物を原料とする場合において充分な効果を達成できる。
【００７６】
本発明の第４の発明は、原料を供給し乍ら押出成形機を連続運転している状態で原料の供給を断つと同時に押出成形機を停止して押出作業を終了し、作業終了後押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、原料を供給しないで間隔をおいて間欠運転を行うことにより、ダイス中の混練物の凝固力が弱く、作業終了後におけるダイスの詰りにより次に運転開始時に混練物が押し出されないということが防止できた。又、トラフ内の残留混練物がねり直されるため、トラフ内での混練物の凝固力は弱くなり、間欠運転時に長く混練物がトラフ内に残留することと、ダイス内の混練物の凝固力が弱いことで、一時的な停電による運転停止後の連続運転開始時のダイスに詰った混練物の押出抵抗を抑制できる。又、この間欠運転停止後に長時間経過した後のトラフ内の残留混練物の凝固力が弱いので、停電後に操業しないで次に操業する際回転体の始動抵抗を減少することができる。
【００７７】
本発明の第５の発明は、第４の発明において、押出成形機を停止した日の夕方より、押出成形機を運転する前記の日の翌朝までを間欠運転期間とし、間欠運転時間の合計がトラフ中の混練物が押出されてなくなる運転時間であることにより、ダイス穴の混練物は間欠運転の間隔よりも長くは滞留しないので翌朝始業時において小さな押出力でダイス穴の混練物を押し出すことができ、ダイスが混練物で閉塞して押し出すことができないということが防止できる。
【００７８】
本発明の第６の発明は、押出成形機の押出し作業終了時に原料を供給しないで混練物が押し出されなくなるまで運転して停止後、押出成形機内部に残った混練物の初期固化状態を破壊して、その混練物を押し出すことによりダイスに詰った成形物の初期付着力を破壊し得る固化時間間隔をおいてから、間隔をおいて間欠的に原料を供給しない空運転を行うことにより、ダイス中の混練物の凝固力が弱く、作業終了後のダイスの詰りにより次に運転開始時に混練物が押し出されないということが防止できた。又、トラフ内に残るわずかな残留混練物がねり直され、且つ少し宛排出されるため、混練と押出しを行う回転体の始動抵抗を小さくできた。
【００７９】
本発明の第７の発明は、第６の発明において、混練押出機の運転停止後の空運転は、一定間隔で行うことにより、上記第６の発明の効果を確実に達成可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】参考例におけるダイスを示し、図４の拡大Ａ−Ａ断面図である。
【図２】押出成形機の実施例の平面図である。
【図３】図２の側面図である。
【図４】図２の正面図である。
【図５】図３のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図６】本発明の実施例１のタイムチャートである。
【図７】本発明の実施例２のタイムチャートである。
【図８】本発明の実施例３のタイムチャートである。
【図９】飛灰とセメントの固化特性を示す線図である。
【符号の説明】
６，６′ 平行軸
８トラフ
１１送りスクリュー
１２押出スクリュー
１３フランジ
１４ダイス
１４ｂ円錐形内周部
１４ｃ円錐形内周部
１５電動機
１８制御装置[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an incinerator ash for municipal waste, an EP ash collected by an electric dust collector, a bag filter, etc. at the time of incineration of municipal waste, an extrusion molding machine used for solidifying fly ash such as incineration ash in a fluidized bed incinerator, and an operating method thereof About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a solidification process for fly ash or the like, a solidifying agent is mixed with fly ash and solidified by a hydration reaction. For this purpose, mixing, kneading, and extrusion molding are performed, but an extruder that can perform kneading and extrusion molding is frequently used.
[0003]
This extrusion molding machine kneads the raw material with two rotating bodies parallel to the trough, gives a propulsive force to the raw material, and extrudes from a die provided at the end of the trough.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional extrusion molding machine, the mixture of raw material fly ash and cement of solidifying agent is self-hardening, so the front flange (die holder) equipped with a die is attached to the trough so that it can be opened and closed. The operation is continued until the kneaded product is not extruded without supplying the raw material, and then the operation is stopped, and the front flange is opened to clean the inner surface of the front flange and the die.
[0005]
When the raw material in the trough is not pushed out at the end of the operation, the kneaded material is clogged in the die hole and hardens with time.
[0006]
For this reason, when the time has elapsed since the previous stop, for example, when it stops in the evening of the previous day and is operated the next morning, the die is blocked by the solidified kneaded material and cannot be pushed out only by the thrust of the rotating body that performs kneading and extrusion. In addition, the drive device is overloaded.
[0007]
At the end of the operation, by operating without supplying the raw material, the kneaded material in the extruder is almost discharged but a little remains in the trough. Since the remaining kneaded material is cured with time, if the time until the next operation is started is long, the kneaded material is solidified in the trough, so the load increases and the extruder starts. It becomes very difficult.
[0008]
Therefore, after the operation of the extrusion molding machine, the front flange (die holder) equipped with a die was opened, the kneaded material clogged in the die hole was pushed out with a stick, and then the die hole was cleaned with a brush. . Therefore, from the start of the operation of the extruder to the end of operation, continuous operation does not require human power.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide an operation method of an extrusion molding machine that is automated by eliminating the manual operation after the end of the operation as described above.
[0010]
According to the above operating method, the starting driving power is reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide an extruder capable of further reducing the starting operating power when the above-described invention is carried out.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention of the present invention is an extruder for kneading a raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, and having an inlet at one upper portion, A trough having an outlet provided with a die in the axial direction is arranged so that a parallel horizontal axis can rotate at the same speed in the same direction, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding while the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the trough approach each other In the operation method of the extrusion molding machine, which is fixed in parallel with the shaft and connected to the drive unit,After destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,An operation method of an extrusion molding machine characterized by performing an idling operation without intermittently supplying a raw material.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the operating method of the extrusion molding machine according to the first aspect, wherein the idling is performed every predetermined time.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the operating method of the extrusion molding machine according to the first aspect, wherein the idling is performed at least once after the end of the operation.
[0014]
A fourth invention of the present invention is an extruder that performs a kneading series of raw materials using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, and has an inlet at one upper portion, A horizontal axis parallel to the trough having an outlet provided with a die in the axial direction of the trough is arranged to be rotatable at the same speed in the same direction. In the operation method of the extruder that is fixed in parallel to the shaft and the shaft is connected to the drive unit, the raw material is supplied and the raw material supply is cut off while the extruder is continuously operated. To finish the extrusion work, andAfter destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,An operation method of an extrusion molding machine characterized by performing intermittent operation at intervals without supplying a raw material.
[0015]
In the fifth aspect of the present invention, from the evening of the day when the extruder is stopped, the next morning start of operation is an intermittent operation period, and the total intermittent operation time is an operation time in which the kneaded material in the trough is not extruded. It is the operating method of the extrusion molding machine according to the fourth invention, characterized in that there is.
[0016]
A sixth invention of the present invention is an extruder for kneading the raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, having an inlet at one upper portion, and the other A trough having an outlet provided with a die in the axial direction is arranged so that a parallel horizontal axis can rotate at the same speed in the same direction, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding while the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the trough approach each other In the operation method of the extrusion machine in which the shaft is connected to the drive unit, the operation is stopped until the kneaded material is not extruded without supplying the raw material at the end of the extrusion operation of the extruder,After destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,An operation method of an extrusion molding machine characterized by performing an idle operation in which raw materials are not intermittently supplied at intervals.
[0017]
A seventh aspect of the present invention is the operation method of the extrusion molding machine according to the sixth aspect, wherein the idle operation after the operation stop of the kneading extruder is performed at regular intervals.
[0020]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
Example 1
1 is an AA enlarged sectional view of FIG. 4, FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 3, FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. It is -B sectional drawing.
[0022]
A reduction gear 2 driven by a motor 15 installed on the floor via a belt device 16 is fixed on the machine base 1, and an output shaft of the reduction gear 2 and an input shaft of the gear box 5 are connected by a shaft joint 3. ing.
[0023]
Although not shown in the figure, the gear fixed to the input shaft of the gear box 5 is engaged with gears of the same number of teeth fixed to the parallel shafts 6 and 6 ', and the two shafts 6 and 6' The input shaft can rotate at the same speed in the same direction. The gear box 5 is fixed to the machine base 1.
[0024]
On the output side of the gear box 5, an upper and lower split trough 8 is fixed via an intermediate casing 7. The trough 8 is fixed to the machine base 1. The

shafts

6 and 6 ′ are rotatably supported by the gear box 5 and extend from the gear box 5 into the trough 8. A shaft sealing device 9, 9 ′ for sealing the

shaft

6, 6 ′ is provided at a connecting portion between the trough 8 and the intermediate casing.
[0025]
From the inlet 8a of the trough 8 toward the flange 13 at the outlet, feed screws 11, 11 ', a stirring paddle group not shown in the figure, and extrusion screws 12, 12' are fixed to the shafts 6, 6 ', respectively. .
[0026]
The feed screws 11, 11 ′ are provided with screw blades on the outer periphery of a cylindrical boss fitted and fixed to the

shafts

6, 6 ′, and each screw blade is twisted in the same direction at the same pitch. The crests of the blades engage with the troughs of the screw blades of the screw 11 ', and the crests and troughs enter each other. The outer diameters of the

screws

11, 11 ′ are close to the inner wall of the trough 8 with little clearance.
[0027]
The extrusion screws 12 and 12 'are similar to the feed screws 11 and 11', but have a smaller pitch than the feed screws 11 and 11 '. The agitation paddles provided on the shafts 6 and 6 'are in the same shape in the axial direction and are in contact with each other or in the shape of leaves that rotate close to each other. The stirring paddle and trough 8 are close to each other with little clearance. The stirring paddles are fixed to the shafts 6 and 6 'by twisting them with the lead angle in the same direction as the stirring paddles adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the stirring paddles are provided with leads as a whole. It has a feeding function as well as a kneading action.
[0028]
The flange 13 is attached to the outlet side of the kneaded material at the front end of the trough 8 so as to be freely opened and closed by a hinge 13a. A notch 13b is provided around the flange 13 at intervals over the entire circumference, and the flange 13 can be fixed to the trough 8 by inserting the notch 13b and screwing the screw member into the female screw on the front end surface of the trough 8. It is like that.
[0029]
The flange 13 is a die holder, has a plate shape, and a plurality of dies 14 are provided through the plate surface. The dies 14 are arranged equally on the circumference of circles that are in contact with each other with the same diameter centered on the axis of the shafts 6 and 6 ', and one die 14 is placed on the contact point of the two circles. A common die 14 is arranged on the circle. As shown in FIG. 1, the die 14 has a cylindrical outer periphery provided with a collar 14a, a conical inner periphery having a cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b and a cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b which are concentrically formed as die holes. A portion 14c is provided. The die 14 has a large die diameter d with respect to a die stroke having a length L of a cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b that comes into contact with and rubs with the kneaded material. The conical inner peripheral portion 14c is located on the downstream side of the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b, which is a die hole, with respect to the extrusion direction of the kneaded material, and is an enlarged portion that is larger than the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b. Therefore, it is not usually in contact with the kneaded product.
[0030]
The enlarged portion may be cylindrical and may have other cross-sectional shapes as long as it is not significantly larger than the die hole.
[0031]
An inlet 8a for introducing a raw material, for example, a mixture of fly ash and cement, is provided on the upper surface of the end of the trough 8 near the gear box 5. The inlet 8a is connected to the outlet side of the agitator in the previous step of the kneading extruder for kneading extrusion. An addition water nozzle 19 for adding water to the raw material in the trough 8 is provided in the trough 8.
[0032]
A switch 20 that controls power feeding to the electric motor 15 is driven by a driver 17. The urging timing of the driver 17 is controlled by the control device 18. The control device 18 includes a 24-hour cycle timer (hereinafter simply referred to as a cycle timer) that performs the operation described below.
[0033]
The first embodiment operates at the timing shown in the time chart of FIG. FIG. 6 shows the case where the daily work is from 8:00 to 17:00 and the lunch break is from 12:00 to 13:00.
[0034]
When an operation start push button of the control device 18 is pressed and input at 8:00, the control device 18 closes the switch 20 via the driver 17 and energizes the motor 15. The rotation of the electric motor 15 is input to the speed reducer 2 via the belt device 16, the reduced rotational force is input to the gear box 5 via the shaft joint 3, and the shafts 6 and 6 'rotate in the same direction. The feed screws 11, 11 ', the kneading paddle group (not shown), and the extrusion screws 12, 12' rotate together with the shafts 6, 6 '.
[0035]
Simultaneously with the start of the electric motor 15, a kneading machine (not shown) in the previous process is started and kneading is started, and eventually, a raw material, for example, a mixture of fly ash and cement starts to be introduced into the trough inlet 8a. The raw material charged into the trough 8 from the inlet 8a is sent to a kneading paddle group (not shown) by feed screws 11, 11 '.
[0036]
Each of the kneading paddle groups is rotated, and the kneading paddle group is arranged with a small gap with the trough 8 and is rotated in contact with or close to the outer periphery, so that the raw materials are kneaded to become a kneaded product. Since the kneaded paddle group is provided with a lead as a whole, when the kneaded material is kneaded, it is sent to the extrusion screws 12, 12 '. The extrusion screws 12 and 12 'pressurize the kneaded material, are formed into a cylindrical shape by the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die 14, and are discharged without contacting the conical portion 14c. After discharging, it is automatically cut to a certain length by a cutting machine, or it is broken by its own weight and dropped according to a chute or the like. The output of this kneading part is slightly delayed from the input of raw materials. When the output of the kneaded material starts, it continues in the morning.
[0037]
Thus, when 12 o'clock approaches, the raw material supply ends, the kneaded material is not extruded before 12 o'clock, and after that, it is operated slightly, and then the motor 15 stops at 12 o'clock, and the extrusion molding machine enters a lunch break operation stop. The cycle timer of the control device 18 is energized in response to the signal of power interruption to the motor 15.
[0038]
When the operation start pushbutton of the control device 18 is pressed at 13:00, the cycle timer is reset, the motor 15 rotates, the extruder is operated, and the raw material is charged from the trough inlet 8a with a slight delay from 13:00. After a while after the raw materials are charged, the kneaded material is output from the die 14 and continues during the afternoon operation time.
[0039]
Even if you forget to press the pushbutton for starting operation at 13:00 and do not press it for any other reason, the control device 18 closes the switch 20 through the driver 17 for about 1 minute by the cycle timer, and the motor 15 is energized. The kneading extruder is operated for a while. Since the kneaded material slightly remaining in the trough 8 from 12:00 to 13:00 is slightly solidified, the extrusion force of the extrusion screws 12 and 12 'works and presses against the back surface of the flange 13. The kneaded material remaining in 14 is extruded. The kneaded material that has been kneaded again and softened is clogged in the die 14.
[0040]
When the time approaches 17:00, the raw material supply is completed, and the kneaded material is not extruded before 17:00. After that, the operation is slightly started, the motor 15 is stopped at 17:00, and the operation of the day ends.
[0041]
The cycle timer provided in the control device 18 is energized in response to the signal of disconnection of the electric motor 15 at 17:00, and idles for 1 minute without supplying the raw material every fixed hour, for example, every hour until 8 o'clock in the morning.
[0042]
When the operation start button of the control device 18 is pushed at 8 o'clock in the morning, the cycle timer is reset and operated in the same manner as the previous day.
[0043]
In the above, in the intermittent operation after 17:00, the kneaded material is not pushed out from the die 14 successively, and the kneaded material remains stuck in the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die hole. Therefore, during the operation after 8 o'clock in the morning, the rotational resistance of the feed screws 11, 11 ′, the kneading paddle group, the extrusion screws 12, 12 ′ in the trough 8 is increased, but the kneaded product is intermittently operated from the previous day. Since the residual amount of is reduced, the starting resistance is reduced. In order to extrude the kneaded material from the die 14 for the first time after 8 o'clock in the morning, it is necessary to extrude the solidified kneaded material in the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die hole. In addition, since the diameter d of the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die hole is larger than the length L of the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b, the extrusion resistance is small. Therefore, since the kneaded material clogged in the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die hole is pushed out with a relatively small force, an excessive load is not applied to the motor 15. Accordingly, the capacity of the electric motor 15 can be reduced.
[0044]
This embodiment is effective for a raw material having a strong adhesive force that is strong even after re-scouring.
[0045]
(Example 2)
In this embodiment, while the raw material is supplied and the extrusion molding machine is continuously operated, the supply of the raw material is cut off, and at the same time, the extrusion molding machine is stopped to finish the extrusion operation. It is characterized in that intermittent operation is performed at intervals. The configuration of the extruder is the same as in the previous embodiment, and the operation mode is different.
[0046]
FIG. 7 is a time chart of the second embodiment.
[0047]
FIG. 7 shows the case where the daily work is from 8:00 to 17:00 and the lunch break is from 12:00 to 13:00.
[0048]
When the operation start pushbutton of the control device 18 is pushed and input at 8 o'clock, the motor 15 is activated and the extrusion molding machine starts operation. At the same time, the kneading machine (not shown) in the previous process is activated, and a little later than 8 o'clock. Feeding of raw materials into the entrance 8a of the trough 8 begins. The raw material is kneaded and compacted while proceeding in the direction of the die 14 in the trough 8, and the kneaded material is formed and extruded from the die 14 to the outside later than the charging of the raw material. The processes of the above points are the same as in the first embodiment.
[0049]
At 12 o'clock, the raw material supply is stopped and at the same time the motor 15 is stopped. Accordingly, the extrusion of the kneaded product is stopped at the same time. In response to the disconnection of the electric motor 15, the cycle timer provided in the control device 18 is energized.
[0050]
At 13:00, when the push button for starting the control device 18 is pushed and the electric motor 15 is energized to operate the extrusion molding machine, the kneaded material remains in the trough 8 at the same time. Things are pushed out. The supply of raw materials begins slightly later. In this state at 13:00, a slightly solidified kneaded product remains in the die 14, but the solidification time is only 1 hour from 12:00 to 13:00 and the degree of solidification is small.
[0051]
Just before 17:00 or when 17:00 is reached, the motor 15 stops at the same time as the raw material supply is stopped. Accordingly, the extrusion of the kneaded product is stopped at the same time. In response to the disconnection of the electric motor 15, the cycle timer provided in the control device 18 is energized. Thereafter, the motor 15 is operated for about 1 minute by the cycle timer every hour.
[0052]
As a result, the extrusion molding machine extrudes the residual kneaded material in the trough 8 from the die 14 even when the raw material is not supplied. The kneaded material pushed out from the die 14 is output during operation during the first intermittent operation, but as the kneaded material of the trough 8 gradually decreases as it repeats, the intermittent operation at night in Example 1 is repeated. Similar to the operation, only the kneaded material clogged in the cylindrical inner peripheral portion 14b of the die hole is pushed out, and finally, the kneaded material clogged in the die hole is eliminated.
[0053]
The operation at the start of operation from 8:00 tomorrow morning is the same as the operation at the start of operation on the previous day.
[0054]
In the above, the kneaded material can always be pushed out from the die 14 during the intermittent operation by appropriately selecting the interval of the intermittent operation from 17:00 to 8:00 on the next day, the time during the intermittent operation, Since the increase in extrusion resistance due to solidification of the kneaded material in the die 14 is small, the capacity of the motor 15 can be reduced. In this case, the amount pushed out by the total operation time from 17:00 of the end of the operation in the intermittent operation to 8:00 of the next morning may be the same as the amount of the kneaded material in the trough 8 at 17:00.
[0055]
In Example 2, since the discharge of the kneaded material in the trough is thoroughly performed, the starting force at the next start is very small.
[0056]
At 13:00, if the push button for starting operation of the control device 18 is not pressed, the cycle timer is activated and the intermittent operation is started, which is the same as in the previous embodiment.
[0057]
According to the present embodiment, the extrusion molding machine stops due to a power failure, and this operation is performed after recovery from the power failure, so that mixing of old and new raw materials can be avoided.
[0058]
(Example 3)
In the apparatus configuration of the first embodiment, in the third embodiment, the cycle timer is activated once every 24 hours at 18:00. As shown in FIG. 8, at the end of the operation of the extruder at 17:00, the raw material is not supplied and the operation is continued until there is no kneaded material in the trough 8. In this state, the kneaded material is clogged in the die hole of the die 14, and the kneaded material exists in the space between the trough 8, the

feed screw

11, 11 ′ kneading paddle, and the

extrusion screw

12, 12 ′. Therefore, for example, after the operation is stopped, the operation is performed once for several minutes at intervals of 1 hour. Thereby, the kneaded material in the initial solidified state remaining inside the extruder is destroyed. Then, the properties of the kneaded product can be extruded, and the kneaded product in the die hole of the die 14 is extruded by this kneaded product. The kneaded material that has been re-shrunk significantly reduces the coagulation force, so that the starting operation power at the next start-up is reduced.
[0059]
The adhesive strength between the kneaded material and the die when the dies in each of the above examples are clogged with the kneaded material is as follows.
[0060]
The pressing force Fkg required for the die is the area of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the die, that is, the die adhesion area Acm and the adhesion force between the kneaded material and the die akg / cm.²  It becomes. That is
F = A · a
In the state where the kneaded material is pushed out from the die, the adhesion force is only the dynamic friction resistance acting between the kneaded material and the die, so the pushing force is the sum of the force required for compaction and the force to overcome the dynamic friction resistance. Further, when the operation is stopped during extrusion, the kneaded material remains clogged in the die, but at the beginning of solidification, the adhesion force between the die and the kneaded material is small. Therefore, it is easy to extrude this.
[0061]
Next, it is considered that the adhesion between the die and the kneaded material increases as the kneaded material solidifies.
[0062]
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the strength of a kneaded product obtained by adding 10% weight of cement to fly ash, taking time on the horizontal axis and uniaxial compressive strength on the vertical axis. It has been shown that uniaxial compressive strength increases over time. The kneaded material clogged in the die hole is considered to increase the uniaxial compressive strength as described above and increase the adhesion between the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the die and the kneaded material.
[0063]
From the above, the kneaded material solidified in the die gradually increases its adhesion to the die, and a large pushing force is required to extrude it.
[0064]
Further, since the adhesion force between the cylindrical inner peripheral surface of the die and the kneaded material is considered to be proportional to the area of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface, the force required to extrude the die is also considered to be proportional to the area of the cylindrical inner peripheral surface.
[0065]
A calculation example based on the above consideration is shown below.
[0066]
When extruding a molded product packed in a die of an extruder with a force of the extrusion screw after a certain time, the necessary force of the extrusion screw is an adhesion force between the die and the kneaded material.
[0067]
Since the kneaded product is self-hardening, the adhesion of the molded product after 12 hours is 2 to 5 kg / cm.²  It is. The force to extrude the kneaded material from the die is a molded kneaded product, that is, a molded product outer diameter of 1.5 cm and a die length of 0.5 cm.
(Die adhesion area) x (Adhesion force) = Pushing force
(1.5cm × π × 0.5cm) × 5kg / cm²  = 12kg
Necessary power for this pushing force is (when extrusion screw φ225)
From H (horsepower) = (Fkg x Vm / s) / (75kgm / s)
V = extrusion screw pitch × rotational speed / 60 = 0.09 m × 26 rpm / 60 = 0.39 m / s
The unit pressure of the molded product is (P)
P = 12 / (π / 4 × 1.5²  ) = 6.8 kg / cm²
The area of the extrusion screw is (S)
S = (π / 4 × 22.5²  × 2 (axis) = 795 cm²
F = 6.8 × 795 = 5406 kg
H = 5406 × 0.039 = 211 kgm / s = 211/75 horsepower = 2.8 horsepower

Starting the extrusion molding machine in a state in which the molded product is clogged with the die requires power (in the above table) in a state in which the molded product is clogged in the die, and the actual machine range is limited.
[0068]
For this reason, it is necessary to reduce the die diameter and the die length in a state where the molded product can be molded.
[0069]
In order to reduce the adhesive strength of the molded product, it is operated at least once after a certain period of time after stopping the molding machine, destroys the initial solidified state inside the extruder, and the initial adhesive strength of the molded product clogged with the kneaded product. To reduce the starting power of the molding machine.
[0070]
The flange for mounting the die requires the strength of the power that combines the normal operation power and the adhesion power of the die and the molded product. For this reason, the die diameter and the die length must be reduced.
[0071]
The embodiment is an extrusion molding machine that performs kneading of a raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent and an object to be processed, and has an inlet at one upper part and an outlet in the other axial direction. A horizontal axis parallel to a trough equipped with a die is rotatably arranged in the same direction at the same speed, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding as the inner periphery and outer periphery of the trough approach each other is fixed in parallel to the shaft. In the extrusion molding machine with the shaft connected to the drive unit, the die stroke, which is the length in the center line direction of the die hole that is in contact with the kneaded material of the die, is made smaller than the die diameter, so that the die hole is clogged at the start. Since the static extrusion resistance of the kneaded material thus solidified has a small die stroke, the starting resistance of the extrusion molding machine can be reduced, and the capacity of the drive motor can be reduced. Moreover, it was possible to prevent the kneaded material clogged in the die hole from being solidified during the operation stop and being unable to be extruded without increasing the drive motor capacity.
[0072]
In addition, the die has a length corresponding to the die stroke, and an enlarged portion where the kneaded material having a larger cross-section than the cross-section of the cylindrical portion continues to the cylindrical portion on the wake side in the extrusion direction so that the total length of the die is increased. The strength of the die and the die holder can be maintained without shortening. Moreover, it is not difficult to attach the die to the die holder.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
The first to seventh inventions of the present invention are extrusion molding machines that use a mixture of an individualizing agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed as a raw material, and knead the raw material, and an inlet is provided at one upper part. A horizontal axis parallel to the trough having an outlet provided with a die in the other axial direction is arranged to be rotatable at the same speed in the same direction, and the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the trough approach each other to perform kneading and extrusion. The present invention relates to an operation method of an extrusion molding machine in which a rotating body to be performed is fixed in parallel to a shaft, and the shaft is connected to a drive device. The first invention of the present invention isAfter destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,By performing idling without supplying the raw material intermittently, it was possible to prevent the kneaded product from being pushed out at the start of operation next due to clogging of the die after the work was completed. In addition, the starting resistance of the rotating body due to solidification of the residual kneaded material in the trough after a long time of operation stop could be reduced.
[0074]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the idling is performed at regular intervals, so that the effect of the first aspect can be reliably achieved.
[0075]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the idle operation is performed once after the end of the operation, thereby achieving a sufficient effect when a mixture of fly ash and cement is used as a raw material. it can.
[0076]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, while the raw material is supplied and the extrusion machine is continuously operated, the supply of the raw material is cut off, and at the same time, the extrusion machine is stopped to finish the extrusion work.After destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,By performing intermittent operation at intervals without supplying raw materials, the coagulation force of the kneaded material in the die is weak, preventing the kneaded material from being pushed out at the start of operation next due to clogging of the die after the work is completed. did it. In addition, since the residual kneaded material in the trough is rebounded, the coagulation force of the kneaded material in the trough becomes weak, the kneaded material remains in the trough for a long time during intermittent operation, and the coagulation force of the kneaded material in the die. Is weak, it is possible to suppress the extrusion resistance of the kneaded material clogged in the die at the start of continuous operation after operation stop due to a temporary power failure. Moreover, since the coagulation force of the residual kneaded material in the trough after a long time has passed after the intermittent operation stop, the starting resistance of the rotating body can be reduced during the next operation without operating after a power failure.
[0077]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, from the evening of the day when the extruder is stopped to the next morning of the day when the extruder is operated, the intermittent operation period is set, and the total intermittent operation time is Since the kneaded material in the trough is no longer extruded, the kneaded material in the die hole does not stay longer than the interval of intermittent operation, so the kneaded material in the die hole is pushed out with a small pushing force at the start of the next morning. It is possible to prevent the die from being blocked by the kneaded material and being unable to be extruded.
[0078]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the operation is stopped until the kneaded product is not extruded without supplying the raw material at the end of the extrusion operation of the extruder,After destroying the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder, and after extruding the kneaded material, after setting a solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesive force of the molded product clogged in the die,By performing idle operation without supplying raw materials intermittently at intervals, the coagulation force of the kneaded material in the die is weak, and the kneaded material is not pushed out at the start of operation next due to clogging of the die after the work is completed Could be prevented. In addition, since a slight residual kneaded material remaining in the trough is rebounded and discharged slightly, the starting resistance of the rotating body that performs kneading and extrusion can be reduced.
[0079]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect, the idle operation after the operation of the kneading extruder is stopped at regular intervals, so that the effect of the sixth aspect can be reliably achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Figure 1]referenceFIG. 5 is an enlarged AA cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 showing a die in the example.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of an embodiment of an extrusion molding machine.
FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;
4 is a front view of FIG. 2;
5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a time chart according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a time chart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a time chart according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing solidification characteristics of fly ash and cement.
[Explanation of symbols]
6,6 'parallel axis
8 trough
11 Feed screw
12 Extrusion screw
13 Flange
14 Dice
14b Conical inner periphery
14c Conical inner periphery
15 Electric motor
18 Control device

Claims

An extrusion molding machine for kneading a raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, and having an inlet at one upper part and having a die in the other axial direction A parallel horizontal shaft is rotatably arranged in the same direction and at the same speed in a trough having a shaft, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding as the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the trough approach each other is fixed in parallel to the shaft. In the operation method of the extrusion machine connected to the driving device, after the operation is completed , the initial solidification state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extruder is destroyed, and the kneaded material is extruded and the molded product clogged in the die is initially attached. An operation method of an extrusion molding machine characterized by performing an idling operation without intermittently supplying a raw material after a solidification time interval capable of destroying the adhesion force .

The method of operating an extrusion molding machine according to claim 1, wherein the idling operation is performed at regular intervals.

The operation method of an extrusion molding machine according to claim 1, wherein the idle operation is performed at least once after the operation is completed.

An extrusion molding machine for kneading a raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, and having an inlet at one upper part and an outlet provided with a die in the other axial direction A parallel horizontal shaft is rotatably arranged in the same direction at the same speed in a trough having a shaft, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding as the inner periphery and outer periphery of the trough approach each other is fixed in parallel to the shaft, and the shaft is driven. In the operation method of the extrusion machine connected to the equipment, while the raw material was supplied, the supply of the raw material was cut off while the extrusion machine was continuously operated, and at the same time the extrusion machine was stopped and the extrusion work was completed. After breaking the initial solidified state of the kneaded material remaining inside the extrusion molding machine after finishing, after setting the solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesion force of the molded product clogged in the die by extruding the kneaded material, Perform intermittent operation at intervals without supplying raw materials How the operation of the extruder, wherein the door.

The intermittent operation period is from the evening of the day when the extrusion molding machine is stopped to the start of the next morning, and the total of the intermittent operation time is an operation time in which the kneaded material in the trough is not extruded. 5. An operation method of the extrusion molding machine according to 4.

An extrusion molding machine for kneading a raw material using a mixture of a solidifying agent solidified by a hydration reaction and an object to be processed, and having an inlet at one upper part and having a die in the other axial direction A parallel horizontal shaft is rotatably arranged in the same direction and at the same speed in a trough having a shaft, and a rotating body that performs kneading and extruding as the inner periphery and the outer periphery of the trough approach each other is fixed in parallel to the shaft. In the operation method of the extrusion machine connected to the driving device, at the end of the extrusion operation of the extrusion machine, the operation is stopped until the kneaded material is not extruded without supplying the raw material, and the initial kneaded material remaining inside the extrusion machine is stopped. After the solidification time interval that can destroy the initial adhesion of the molded product clogged with the die by extruding the kneaded product after destroying the solidified state, idle operation that does not supply the raw material intermittently at intervals. Extrusion characterized by performing Machine method of operation.

The operation method of the extruder according to claim 6, wherein the idle operation after the operation of the kneading extruder is stopped is performed at regular intervals.