JP3614374B2 - Construction method of housing foundation using foundation structure for housing construction - Google Patents

Description

【００２１】
【発明の効果】
表１に示されるように、本発明の施工方法は、従来の布基礎による施工工法よりも優れた点を数多く有しており、本発明の施工方法を使用することによるメリットとしては、以下の点が挙げられる。
ａ）住宅建設現場で基礎工事に重車両を使用して２週間以上（養生期間を含めると約１ヶ月）かかる仕事をわずか５日間ほどで完成することが可能であり、基礎工期が約１／３になる。
ｂ）従来の工法では、建物全体の荷重を布基礎全体で支えていたため、地盤の弱いところでが基礎の剪断破壊が起こることがあったが、本発明の施工方法では、コンクリート製の基礎構造物を１個１個所定箇所に落下させることによって、地盤全体の許容支持力を一定以上とすることができ、このような支持力の大きな支持層まで基礎構造物を埋め込み設置するので剪断破壊が起きず、基礎の強度を正確に把握することができ、基礎の性能保証が可能である。
ｃ）従来の住宅建築では免震工法はあっても、高価なために実際にはあまり使われていないが、免震材をセットすることによって市場より安価な免震基礎が可能となる。
ｄ）一般にいう基礎ベースを当該基礎構造物に変更することにより、栗石、捨てコンクリートが必要ないので残土処分も著しく少なくなる。
【００２２】
この他、本発明の施工工法を取り入れることで、結果的に在来の施工工法よりも自然環境にも良い点が多く得られ、例えば、施工現場に生コン車が不要であることにより、大型車両からの排気ガス（ＣＯ_２ ）が減ることや、残土処分が削減されれば、残土の処分地が小さくて済むという結果に結び付く。
本発明の施工工法は、施工業者にとっては、基礎工期が短縮され経費節減になり、環境にも良く、非常に多くのメリットが得られるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の住宅建築用基礎構造物の好ましい一例における構造と、当該構造物を用いて形成される住宅基礎の部分構造とを示す図であり、（ａ）は、基礎部分を上方から見た時の状態を示す図であり（ただし、土台１０は示されていない）、（ｂ）は、基礎部分を横から見た時の断面構造を示す図である。
【図２】本発明の施工方法の一例における工程Ａの状態を示す図である。
【図３】本発明の施工方法の一例における工程Ｂの状態を示す図である。
【図４】本発明の施工方法の一例における工程Ｃの状態を示す図である。
【図５】本発明の施工方法の一例における工程Ｅの状態を示す図である。
【図６】本発明の施工方法の一例における工程Ｆの状態を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１ 住宅建築用基礎構造物
２ 貫通穴
３ レベル調整用ボルト
４ 地盤
５ ガイド杭
６ 梁盤接続鉄筋
７ 梁盤載置部
８ 梁盤
９ 梁鉄筋
１０ 土台
１１ アンカーボルト
１２ 杭打用ガイドレール
１３ 梁盤接合部
１４ 杭打機
１５ 電磁ホルダー
１６ モータ
１７ コントローラ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, when constructing a small building such as a house, is fixed to the position of a pile (guide pile) driven into the ground, and a beam structure is placed on this and used as a foundation ( Pile foundation), and a method for constructing a housing foundation using the structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a foundation for residential building, a continuous foundation (cloth foundation) made of hardened concrete with reinforcing bars inside is generally used, but in the case of such a cloth foundation, the load of the entire building Since it is added to the entire fabric foundation, shear failure of the foundation may occur in areas where the ground is weak. In addition, since it is necessary to provide a curing period so that the concrete does not dry quickly, the construction period cannot be shortened, and the quality of the hardened concrete is also affected by the temperature during construction. Furthermore, since a pump car and a ready-mixed car are required when pouring concrete, there is a problem that a large noise is generated during construction.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the problems in the above-mentioned conventional foundation (fabric foundation), can be constructed in a relatively short period of time, does not cause shear fracture of the foundation, and there is almost no noise during construction, and this construction It is an object to provide a concrete base structure suitable for use in a method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The foundation structure for residential building according to the present invention is a concrete molded body that is installed on the ground at an interval in order to constitute the foundation portion of the house, and is used so that the lower side of the molded body is embedded in the ground. The concrete molded body is composed of a substantially cylindrical upper portion and an inverted frustoconical lower portion integrated with the upper portion, and has a through hole on the central axis. In the upper surface of the concrete molded body, level adjusting bolts for adjusting the heights of the concrete molded bodies installed at a plurality of locations are embedded.
[0005]
Further, the present invention relates to the above-mentioned foundation structure for residential building, wherein the concrete molded body is a concrete structure in which a reinforcing bar is embedded inside the molded body, or a concrete molded body whose outside is covered with plastic. And having a weight of 80 to 150 kg.
[0006]
Furthermore, this invention is also a method for constructing the foundation part of a house using the above-mentioned foundation structure for residential building, and this construction method includes the following steps A to F:
Step A: A step of excavating a groove of a certain width in the ground according to the position where the foundation part of the building is constructed, and driving a guide pile in a position corresponding to the pillar, bundle or wall of the building in the groove,
Step B: Prepare a concrete molded body having a structure in which the upper side is cylindrical, the lower side is an inverted truncated cone, has a through hole on the central axis, and a level adjusting bolt is embedded in the upper surface. With the elongated pipe-shaped pile driving guide rail passed, the pile driving guide rail is suspended by a heavy machine, the lower end of the guide rail is fitted into the guide pile, and the pile driving guide rail is placed on the guide pile. A step of raising the concrete compact to a predetermined height so as to be perpendicular to the ground;
Step C: Freely dropping the concrete molded body and embedding the lower side of the concrete molded body in the ground, then pulling out the guide rail for pile driving upward, and installing the concrete molded body on the ground ,
Process D: The process B and C are repeated at the positions of all the guide piles, and the concrete molded body is installed at positions corresponding to the pillars, bundles or walls of the building,
Step E: Pull up the level adjusting bolts embedded in the upper surface of the concrete molded body as necessary, adjust the height of the concrete molded bodies installed at each installation position, and lift the level adjusting bolts The step of providing a beam board placing part by pouring cement paste to the position of and hardening it, and
Step F: Placing the beam block of the plate-like block so that the end of the beam plate is positioned on the beam platen mounting part, and cement paste in the gap portion existing between the ends of the adjacent beam disks And a step of forming a beam board joint by pouring and hardening.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The structure in the preferable example of the foundation structure for residential buildings of this invention and the partial structure of the house foundation formed using the said structure are shown to Fig.1 (a) and (b), and this invention is demonstrated.
As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the residential building foundation 1 has a substantially cylindrical upper part and an inverted truncated cone-like lower part integrated together. The through hole 2 exists on the central axis, and the lower side is used so as to be embedded in the ground 4. The foundation structure 1 is a concrete molded body (molded article), which is installed on the ground at intervals to form a foundation part of a house. ) Or walls. Although not shown in the drawings, a reinforcing bar is generally embedded in the foundation structure 1 so that sufficient strength as a foundation member can be obtained. (For example, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.) It may be a muscular thing (concrete molding with a structure coated with plastic on the outside) obtained by pouring cement into a container. In this case, it is easy and short-term. Can be manufactured in between. At this time, if the outside of the concrete molding is covered with recycled plastic bottles, the waste material can be used.
[0008]
A level adjusting bolt (top end adjusting bolt) 3 is embedded around the through hole 2 on the upper surface of the foundation structure 1, and the level adjusting bolt 3 is used for building pillars and bundles. Or, when multiple foundation structures 1 are installed at positions corresponding to the walls, the top heights of the foundation structures 1 with different subsidence amounts are adjusted to be constant. In order to form a receiving portion (beam platform placement portion) for placing the beam platform horizontally, it can be pulled upward to a height of 50 mm or more from the state embedded in the upper surface of the foundation structure 1. FIG. 1 (b) shows a state when the level adjusting bolt 3 that has been buried is pulled up. In the present invention, by providing such a level adjusting bolt 3, a foundation with very good horizontal accuracy can be constructed.
In the case shown in FIG. 1A, four level adjusting bolts 3 are provided so as to surround the through hole 2 (shown by a dotted line), and three to four are preferable. The number of bolts is not limited to this.
[0009]
Since the foundation structure for residential building of the present invention is processed and manufactured in advance as a concrete molded body at a factory, not at the construction site, it is very suitable for shortening the construction period. Since it is installed in a through-hole on the shaft through a narrow pipe-shaped guide rail for pile driving, it can be freely dropped from a certain height (about 2m) to a fixed position and installed, so it has the same effect as a conventional pile, and the bottom of the pile and foundation Can be considered together.
In addition, the general size of the foundation structure for residential building of the present invention having the above structure is that the diameter of the columnar upper part is about 400 to 600 mm, and the height of the upper part is about 150 to 250 mm. The inside diameter of the through hole is about 80 to 100 mm, the height of the lower part of the inverted truncated cone shape integrated with this part is about 50 to 100 mm, and the weight is generally about 80 to 150 kg. However, the present invention is not limited to these. In the foundation structure of the present invention, the lower portion is in the shape of an inverted truncated cone because the central portion is easily embedded to a certain depth by dropping, and misalignment is prevented.
[0010]
1 (a) and 1 (b), guide piles 5 (generally made of steel) are ground in the through holes 2 of the foundation structure 1 installed on the ground 4. Reinforcing bars (beam reinforcing bars) 6 for connecting the beam board and the beam board from above are inserted into the guide pile 5, and the level adjusting bolt 3 A beam board placing portion 7 is provided which is hardened by pouring cement paste up to the height of the upper end position.
And the beam board 8 is mounted in this beam board mounting part 7, The said reinforcement 6 is inserted in the ring-shaped part provided in the front-end | tip of the beam reinforcement 9 protruded from the edge part of the said beam board 8, and It has become. Although it is not clear from the drawings, there is also a portion where cement paste is poured and hardened around the beam board connecting reinforcing bars 6, and the foundation structure 1 and the beam board 8 of the present invention are securely fixed. ing. Further, a base 10 is placed on the beam board 8 and fixed to the beam board 8 by anchor bolts 11.
[0011]
However, the foundation structure (fixed structure with the beam board 8) by the foundation structure for residential buildings of this invention is not limited to this, The beam board mounting part 7 formed in the foundation structure 1, the beam board 8, and As a seismic isolation material, a substantially columnar pedestal block (made of hard rubber, for example) may be sandwiched between them, thereby providing a base for seismic isolation.
Further, in the foundation structure using the foundation structure of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), by processing or installing the beam base 8 so as to float at a position higher than the installation ground surface, Underfloor ventilation can be greatly increased. In particular, in the present invention, ventilation is possible from two directions from the ground surface of the foundation and from the conventional top of the foundation, and such ventilation is not possible with a conventional cloth foundation. As an effect brought about by such an increase in the underfloor ventilation, moisture under the floor is reduced, white ants are less likely to spring, and wood is not rotted.
[0012]
By the way, in this invention, the following points are mentioned as an effect by providing the through-hole 2 in the position of the central axis of the foundation structure 1. FIG.
a) If a pile driver using this through hole is used, it can be accurately installed at the place where the foundation structure is desired to be installed.
b) Since the pile driving machine uses a pipe having an inner diameter equal to or smaller than that of the through hole, a lightweight and small machine can be made, and construction in a narrow area is possible.
c) A guide pile (reference pile) is hit to accurately install this foundation structure. After the foundation structure has been installed, the guide pile is placed in the through hole with cement paste. As a result, the tip of the guide pile serves to reinforce the soft ground, and the guide pile is also considered as a part of the molded product.
[0013]
Next, the housing foundation construction method of this invention is demonstrated using drawing.
First, in the first step A, as shown in FIG. 2, a constant width (a width larger than the outer diameter of the above-described foundation structure for residential building of the present invention, for example, according to the position for constructing the foundation portion of the building, for example, 550-600mm) groove (350mm from the ground surface) is excavated in the ground 4 using heavy machinery, and steel guides are aligned on the center line in the groove to the position corresponding to the pillar, bundle or wall of the building A pile 5 (for example, a diameter of about 40 to 60 mm and a length of about 500 to 600 mm) is driven. The driving depth at this time is generally about 150 to 250 mm.
[0014]
And in the next process B, the above-mentioned foundation structure 1 for residential building of the present invention is prepared, and a guide rail 12 for pile driving in the shape of an elongated pipe is formed in the through hole of the foundation structure 1 (for example, diameter 80 to 100 mm). The guide rail in this state is suspended by a heavy machine such as a crane truck, and the lower end of the pile driving guide rail 12 is fitted into the upper end portion of the guide pile 5 (see FIG. 3). The rail 12 is made perpendicular to the ground 4 and the concrete base structure 1 is pulled up to a predetermined height (about 2 m). At this time, the lower end of the pile driving guide rail 12 is fixed by the guide pile 5, but the upper end side is not fixed, so that the suspended pile driving guide rail 12 is positioned vertically on the guide pile 5. You need to make sure that
In the pile driver 14 illustrated in FIG. 3 for dropping the foundation structure 1 from a certain height, the pile driving guide rail 12 of the pile driver 14 has an outer peripheral surface of the elongated bolt. A jack provided with a screw is incorporated, and a bolt of this jack is rotated by a motor 16 provided on the upper end side of the pile driving guide rail 12, and an electromagnetic holder 15 provided on an arm that moves up and down by this rotation. Then, the foundation structure 1 is lifted, and the foundation structure 1 can be lifted and dropped by operating the controller 17 provided on the operator side. However, the structure of the pile driving machine 14 used in the present invention is not limited to that illustrated in FIG.
[0015]
Thereafter, in the process C, the foundation structure 1 pulled up to a predetermined height is freely dropped, the lower part of the foundation structure 1 is embedded in the ground 4, and the guide pile 5 is centered. The foundation structure 1 is installed (see FIG. 4). At this time, it is common to drop several times until a subsidence amount of about 3 to 10 mm is obtained by a single drop. A foundation structure weighing about 150 kg is dropped several times from a height of about 2 m. The ground permissible bearing capacity obtained when the impact is about 2 tons is sufficient, based on Article 93 of the Building Standards Act Construction Ordinance. In the construction method of the present invention, the soft ground Even if it exists, the ground permissible supporting force increases by the said process C, the ground which has the permissible supporting force similar to a hard ground is obtained, and a foundation structure is fixed to such a ground, The conventional cloth foundation bottom Compared with the construction method, the ground stability is excellent, and there is an advantage that shear fracture does not occur. When the weight of the molded product is insufficient, a weight such as an iron plate may be placed on the foundation structure 1.
In the present invention, thereafter, the pile driving machine is pulled upward, and the foundation structure 1 is installed on the ground 4.
[0016]
In step D of the construction method of the present invention, the steps B and C are repeated at the positions of all the guide piles 5, and the foundation structure 1 is installed at positions corresponding to the pillars, bundles or walls of the building. As a result, a plurality of foundation structures 1 are installed on the ground 4 at intervals, so that the foundation can be made cheaper than the conventional continuous foundation (fabric foundation), and is produced in advance in the factory. Since the beam board is placed on the foundation structure 1 having a uniform quality, a high quality foundation performance is guaranteed.
[0017]
In the next step E, as shown in FIG. 5, the level adjusting bolts 3 (generally 3 to 4 bolts) embedded in the upper surface of the foundation structure 1 are pulled up as necessary and installed. The height of the concrete molded bodies installed at the position is adjusted (level adjustment), and the cement paste is poured and cured to the position where the level adjusting bolt 3 is pulled up, so that it is smaller than the diameter of the foundation structure 1 A columnar beam board placing portion 7 having a diameter is provided on the upper surface of the foundation structure 1. By this process E, the inside of the through hole 2 of the foundation structure 1 is also filled with cement paste, and the guide pile 5 and the foundation structure 1 are integrated after curing.
[0018]
Then, in step F, the beam block 8 of the plate-like block is placed so that the end of the beam plate 8 is positioned on the beam platen mounting portion 7 and exists between the ends of the adjacent beam plates 8. The cement paste is poured into the gap and cured to form the beam board joint 13, thereby completing the foundation (see FIG. 6). 6 shows a state in which the anchor bolt 11 is attached as it is to the female screw for anchor bolt embedded in the upper surface on the end side of the beam board 8. In an actual housing foundation structure, FIG. As shown in b), a flat base 10 is placed on the beam board 8, and the base 10 is fixed to the beam board 8 by anchor bolts 11.
[0019]
Table 1 below shows a comparison between the above-described housing foundation construction method of the present invention and a conventional construction method using a continuous foundation (cloth foundation).
[0020]
[Table 1]

[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As shown in Table 1, the construction method of the present invention has many points superior to the construction method using the conventional cloth foundation, and the advantages of using the construction method of the present invention include the following: A point is mentioned.
a) It is possible to complete a work that takes 2 weeks or more (about 1 month when the curing period is included) using heavy vehicles for foundation work at a home construction site in just 5 days. It becomes 3.
b) In the conventional construction method, since the load of the entire building was supported by the entire fabric foundation, there was a case where the foundation was sheared at a weak ground. However, in the construction method of the present invention, the concrete foundation structure By dropping them one by one at a predetermined location, the allowable supporting force of the entire ground can be made more than a certain level, and since the foundation structure is embedded and installed up to such a supporting layer with a large supporting force, shear failure occurs. Therefore, the strength of the foundation can be accurately grasped, and the performance of the foundation can be guaranteed.
c) Even if there is a seismic isolation method in conventional residential buildings, it is not so often used because it is expensive. However, by setting a base isolation material, it is possible to provide a base that is cheaper than the market.
d) By changing the general foundation to the foundation structure, there is no need for crushed stone or discarded concrete, so the remaining soil disposal is significantly reduced.
[0022]
In addition, by adopting the construction method of the present invention, as a result, many points that are better for the natural environment than the conventional construction method can be obtained. If the exhaust gas (CO ₂ ) is reduced or the disposal of the remaining soil is reduced, the disposal site of the remaining soil can be reduced.
The construction method according to the present invention shortens the basic construction period, reduces costs, is good for the environment, and provides a great number of merits.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure of a preferred example of a basic structure for a residential building according to the present invention and a partial structure of a residential foundation formed using the structure, wherein (a) shows the basic part upward. It is a figure which shows the state when it sees from (however, the base 10 is not shown), (b) is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure when the foundation part is seen from the side.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state of step A in an example of a construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of a process B in an example of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of step C in an example of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state of step E in an example of the construction method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a state of a process F in an example of the construction method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Residential building foundation structure 2 Through-hole 3 Level adjustment bolt 4 Ground 5 Guide pile 6 Beam board connection reinforcement 7 Beam board mounting part 8 Beam board 9 Beam reinforcement 10 Base 11 Anchor bolt 12 Pile driving guide rail 13 Beam board joint Part 14 Pile driver 15 Electromagnetic holder 16 Motor 17 Controller

Claims (1)

Step A: A step of excavating a groove of a certain width in the ground according to the position where the foundation part of the building is constructed, and driving a guide pile in a position corresponding to the pillar, bundle or wall of the building in the groove,
Step B: Prepare a concrete molded body having a structure in which the upper side is cylindrical, the lower side is an inverted truncated cone, has a through hole on the central axis, and a level adjusting bolt is embedded in the upper surface. With the elongated pipe-shaped pile driving guide rail passed, the pile driving guide rail is suspended by a heavy machine, the lower end of the guide rail is fitted into the guide pile, and the pile driving guide rail is placed on the guide pile. A step of raising the concrete compact to a predetermined height so as to be perpendicular to the ground;
Step C: Freely dropping the concrete molded body and embedding the lower side of the concrete molded body in the ground, and then pulling out the guide rail for pile driving upward to install the concrete molded body on the ground ,
Process D: The process B and C are repeated at the positions of all the guide piles, and the concrete molded body is installed at positions corresponding to the pillars and bundles of the building,
Step E: Pull up the level adjusting bolts embedded in the upper surface of the concrete molded body as necessary, adjust the height of the concrete molded bodies installed at each installation position, and lift the level adjusting bolts The step of providing a beam board placing part by pouring cement paste to the position and hardening it, and
Step F: Placing the beam of the plate-like block so that the end of the beam is positioned on the beam platform placing portion, and cement paste in the gap portion existing between the ends of the adjacent beam discs And a step of forming a beam board joint by pouring and curing the housing foundation.

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