JP3606819B2 - Mycorrhizal infection promoter and mycorrhizal infection / growth promoter - Google Patents

Mycorrhizal infection promoter and mycorrhizal infection / growth promoter Download PDF

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JP3606819B2
JP3606819B2 JP2001162643A JP2001162643A JP3606819B2 JP 3606819 B2 JP3606819 B2 JP 3606819B2 JP 2001162643 A JP2001162643 A JP 2001162643A JP 2001162643 A JP2001162643 A JP 2001162643A JP 3606819 B2 JP3606819 B2 JP 3606819B2
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growth
mycorrhizal
infection
mannitol
promoter
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JP2002354943A (en
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光作 桑田
至 松下
優 宇多村
孝昭 石井
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Yamaki Co Ltd
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Yamaki Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、植物の根に共生する菌根菌の感染と生長を促進する菌根菌の感染促進剤および菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤並びに植物育成方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、植物の菌根(マイコリーザ)は、共生菌が植物から炭水化物を吸収する代わりに土壌中から水分や養分を集めて供給するという共生関係のある菌類であることが知られている。このような菌根は、菌糸が細根の表面と細胞の外側を包む外生菌根と、菌糸が根の細胞の中まで進入する内生菌根があり、内生菌根のうち、菌糸が根の細胞に進入して袋状体(Vesicule)や樹枝状体(Arbuscule)を作る菌根菌はVA菌根菌と呼ばれている。
【0003】
VA菌根菌は接合菌類に属し、特にリンやカリウムの吸収に重要な働きをするものであり、VA菌根が形成された植物のリン等の吸収率が向上して植物の生長がよくなると共に、病気に対する抵抗力も高くなる。このような菌根菌の例としては、ギガスポーラ・マルガリータ(Gigaspora margarita)やギガスポーラ・ラミスポロフォーラ(Gigaspora ramisporophora)などがある。
【0004】
本願の出願人は、食材のコンブ類等からメタノールなどの有機溶媒で抽出物を得て、これをメタノール濃度50重量%以下でODSの様な吸着樹脂(固定化担体)を充填したカラムを通過させることにより分画して得られる海藻抽出物の製造方法と、それを用いた植物の菌根形成促進方法を特開平10−201468号および特開平10−273410号公報に開示した。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記した植物の菌根形成促進方法は、菌根形成促進する有効成分を単離または特定した方法ではなく、効率よく工業的に合成できる化学成分または自然界から効率よく抽出分離できる特定成分は不明であった。
【0006】
そこで、本願の各請求項に係る発明の課題は、上記した問題点を解決して、効率よく工業的に合成できる化学成分または自然界から効率よく抽出分離できる特性の成分を有効成分として含有する菌根菌の感染促進剤もしくは菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤とし、またはそのような薬剤を用いた植物の菌根形成促進方法を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するため、本願の菌根菌の感染促進剤に係る発明においては、マンニトールを有効成分として含有する植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染促進剤としたのである。
【0008】
マンニトールを有効成分として含有する菌根菌の感染促進剤は、後述の実験結果からも明らかなように、植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染力を高める。この作用は、有効成分が、10〜1500ppmの濃度である場合に特に顕著に現れる。
【0009】
また、菌根菌に感染した植物の根に対して50〜500ppmのマンニトールを有効成分として含有する菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤を施用すると、後述の実験結果からも明らかなように、菌根菌の感染力を増すと共に、その菌糸の生長が促進される。
【0010】
また、上述した菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤を用いた植物育成方法として、菌根菌を含有する植物育成用培地に、マンニトールを添加して植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染および菌糸の生長を促進させる植物育成方法とすることができる。
【0011】
このような植物育成方法によると、通常、野生の菌根菌を含有している土壌その他の植物育成用培地に対し、マンニトールを添加することによって、菌根菌の感染および菌糸の生長が促進される。これにより、植物の生長がよくなると共に病気に対する抵抗力も高くなる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
この発明に用いるマンニトールは、化学合成物質であっても天然材料からの抽出物であってもよい。マンノースの糖アルコールであるマンニトールは、褐藻類、野菜のセロリ、キノコ類、カビ類(アスペルギルス属)などの植物界に広く分布する物質であり、自然界に最も多い糖アルコールである。
【0013】
例えば、細断したコンブを抽出材料にすると、加熱したエタノールで抽出すれば容易に無色針状晶として得られる。また、工業的には、アルカリ性の条件下でD−グルコース、または転化糖を電解還元または接触還元し、エピメリゼイション(エピ化)し、還元させ、不純物を取り除いて得られる。
【0014】
この発明に用いるマンニトールの濃度は、菌根菌の菌糸生長を促進させるためには50〜500ppmであることが好ましい。なぜなら、50ppm未満の濃度では菌糸の生長が顕著に促進されない。また、500ppmを超えて濃度が濃くなると、目立った生長が認められずに実用性が低くなる。
【0015】
また、菌根菌の植物の根への感染率を向上させるためにはマンニトールの濃度は、10〜1500ppmが好ましい。なぜなら、マンニトールの濃度が10ppm未満の低濃度では効果がほとんど認められず、1500ppmを超える高濃度では、却って感染率が低下して実用的でなくなるからである。
【0016】
上記したような所定濃度でマンニトールを有効成分として含有する菌根菌の生長促進剤は、その剤型を特に限定されるものではなく、例えば水溶性薬剤などの液剤とし、または周知の賦型剤を配合して粉末剤、顆粒剤、錠剤などに製剤することができる。
【0017】
この発明において、マンニトールの添加によって感染率が向上し、または菌糸の成長が促進される菌根菌の例としては、ギガスポーラ・マルガリータ(Gigaspora margarita)やギガスポーラ・ラミスポロフォーラ(Gigaspora ramisporophora)などがある。
【0018】
この発明の植物育成方法の対象となる植物は、菌根菌と共生することによって植物の生理状態が改善される植物であればよく、特に限定された種類の植物でなくてもよい。水分と栄養分の吸収を主として根から行う一般的な植物として、特に後述のように柑橘類に対して施用することによって好ましい結果を得ている。
【0019】
また、この発明の植物育成方法に用いる植物育成用培地は、菌根菌を含有するものであればよく、有機物を多量に含み、ある程度水はけのよい土壌またはバーミキュライト、パーライトまたはゼオライトを混合した微生物増殖性の良い人工土壌を用いることもできる。
【0020】
さらにまた、寒天培地などの微生物の繁殖しやすい培地を用いて植物の幼苗を育成し、菌根菌を感染させた苗を通常の土壌などに移植して栽培することもできる。
【0021】
【実施例】
〔実験例1〜5〕(菌糸生長率の確認試験)
10ppm、50ppm、100ppm、500ppm、1500ppmにそれぞれ調整したマンニトール溶液(この濃度順に実験例1〜5)について、各調整液毎に1.5%の素寒天培地10ml(直径70mmのシャーレを使用)を調製し、121℃で加圧滅菌した。その後、表面消毒したギガスポーラ・ラミスポロフォーラ(Gigaspora ramisporophora)(以下Grと略記する。)の胞子を1シャーレあたり4個を置床し、30℃の暗黒化でインキュベートした。なお、対照区(Cont)は水のみとした。2週間後、胞子からの菌糸の伸長をCCDカメラを装備した実体顕微鏡及びパソコンによる画像処理システムによって測定し、結果を表1および図1に示した。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0003606819
【0023】
表1および図1の結果からも明らかなように、マンニトールを添加しなかった対照区(Cont)は、菌糸が実験例1の2分の1、実験例2に対しては5分の1程度しか生長しなかった。
【0024】
これに対して、実験例1〜5のマンニトールを有効成分として含有する水溶液(菌根菌の生長促進剤)は、対照区の1.5〜4.8倍の生長率を示した。特にマンニトール濃度が50〜500ppmの実験例2〜4は、対照区(マンニトール濃度0)の2.4〜4.8倍という高成長率であった。
【0025】
〔実験例6〜9〕(柑橘幼樹栽培試験)
マンニトールの菌根感染率に及ぼす作用を確認するために、柑橘幼樹栽培試験を行なった。すなわち、無菌のバーミキュライトで生育したカラタチの1年生実生苗を、バーミキュライトとパーライトとゼオライトをそれぞれ2:1:1の割合で混合した培土を用いてプラスチック8号鉢に移植し、苦土石灰を15g/鉢施用した。2週間後、全ての区にGrの胞子約60個を接種した。その後、マンニトール処理区に対して毎週5ppm、10ppm、100ppmおよび1500ppmのマンニトール溶液(この順に実験例6〜9)を100ml/鉢にて潅水施用し、対照区(Cont)は同量の水を潅水施用した(計4回)。期間中の施肥量はN:P:K=1:0.2:1g/鉢とし、微量要素は液肥で施した。移植後、9週目に鉢を解体し、根をPhillipsら(Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55:158−161. 1970)および、石井ら(園芸学会誌、63巻、529−535,1994)の方法で観察し、感染率を求めた。感染率は観察した根の長さに対する感染した根の長さの割合で表わし、表2および図2に示した。
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003606819
【0027】
表2および図2の結果からも明らかなように、マンニトールを添加しなかった対照区(Cont)は、感染率が、実験例8の約2分の1程度しかなかった。
【0028】
これに対して、実験例6〜9のようにマンニトールを有効成分として含有する水溶液(菌根菌の生長促進剤)を施用すると、感染率が対照区の1.2〜1.7倍を示した。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本願の菌根菌の感染促進剤に係る発明は、以上の説明から明らかなように、効率よく工業的に合成できる化学成分または自然界から効率よく抽出分離できるマンニトールを有効成分とする菌根菌の感染促進剤である。このようにマンニトールを有効成分として含有する菌根菌の感染促進剤は、菌根菌の生理活性を活発化し、植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染力を高め、菌根が形成された植物のリン等の吸収率が向上して植物の生長がよくなり、病気に対する抵抗力も高くなる。これらの利点は、有効成分であるマンニトールが10〜1500ppmの場合に特に顕著に現れる。
【0030】
また、特に50〜500ppmのマンニトールを有効成分として含有する菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤に係る発明は、菌根菌の感染力が増し、しかも菌糸の生長も促進されるものになる。
【0031】
また、上述した菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤を用いた植物育成方法は、菌根菌を含有する植物育成用培地にマンニトールを添加するから、植物の根に対して菌根菌の感染および菌糸の生長が促進され、植物のリン等の吸収率が向上して植物の生長がよくなり、病気に対する抵抗力も高くなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】菌糸生長試験におけるマンニトールの濃度と菌糸の生長の関係を示す図表
【図2】感染率試験におけるマンニトールの濃度と感染率の関係を示す図表[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an infection promoting agent for mycorrhizal fungi that promotes infection and growth of mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic to plant roots, an infection / growth promoting agent for mycorrhizal fungi, and a plant growing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, it is known that the mycorrhiza of plants is a fungus having a symbiotic relationship in which symbiotic bacteria collect and supply moisture and nutrients from soil instead of absorbing carbohydrates from plants. These mycorrhizas are ectomycorrhizas in which mycelia wrap the surface of the fine roots and outside of the cells, and endomycorrhizas that enter the root cells. Mycorrhizal fungi that enter the root cells and make vesicles and arbuscules are called VA mycorrhizal fungi.
[0003]
VA mycorrhizal fungi belong to the zygomycetes and play an important role in the absorption of phosphorus and potassium in particular, and increase the absorption rate of phosphorus and the like of the plant in which VA mycorrhiza is formed, and the growth of the plant is improved. , Resistance to illness also increases Examples of such mycorrhizal fungi include Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora ramispofora.
[0004]
The applicant of the present application obtains an extract from a combination of foods with an organic solvent such as methanol, and passes this through a column packed with an adsorption resin (immobilized support) such as ODS at a methanol concentration of 50% by weight or less. JP-A-10-201468 and JP-A-10-273410 have disclosed a method for producing a seaweed extract obtained by fractionation and a method for promoting the mycorrhiza formation of plants using the same.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned method for promoting mycorrhizal formation in plants is not a method for isolating or specifying an active ingredient that promotes mycorrhizal formation, but a chemical component that can be efficiently synthesized industrially or a specific component that can be efficiently extracted and separated from nature. It was unknown.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the invention according to each claim of the present application is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to contain, as an active ingredient, a chemical component that can be efficiently industrially synthesized or a component that can be efficiently extracted and separated from nature. It is intended to provide a method for promoting mycorrhizal formation of a plant using a root fungus infection promoter or a mycorrhizal fungus infection / growth promoter, or using such a drug.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the invention relating to the mycorrhizal fungus infection promoter of the present application, the mycorrhizal fungus infection promoter for plant roots containing mannitol as an active ingredient is used.
[0008]
The mycorrhizal infection promoter containing mannitol as an active ingredient increases the infectivity of mycorrhizal fungi to plant roots, as will be apparent from the experimental results described below. This effect is particularly prominent when the active ingredient has a concentration of 10 to 1500 ppm.
[0009]
In addition, when a mycorrhizal fungus infection / growth promoter containing 50 to 500 ppm of mannitol as an active ingredient is applied to the roots of a plant infected with mycorrhizal fungi, While increasing the infectivity of root fungi, the growth of mycelium is promoted.
[0010]
In addition, as a plant growth method using the above-mentioned mycorrhizal fungus infection / growth promoter, mannitol is added to a plant growth medium containing mycorrhizal fungi to infect mycorrhizal fungi on plant roots and hyphae It can be set as the plant growth method which promotes growth.
[0011]
According to such a plant growing method, the infection of mycorrhizal fungi and the growth of mycelium are usually promoted by adding mannitol to soil or other plant growing media containing wild mycorrhizal fungi. The This improves plant growth and increases resistance to disease.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The mannitol used in the present invention may be a chemically synthesized substance or an extract from a natural material. Mannitol, a sugar alcohol of mannose, is a substance widely distributed in the plant kingdom such as brown algae, vegetable celery, mushrooms, fungi (genus Aspergillus), and is the most common sugar alcohol in nature.
[0013]
For example, when the shredded kombu is used as an extraction material, it can be easily obtained as colorless needles by extraction with heated ethanol. Industrially, it is obtained by electrolytic reduction or catalytic reduction of D-glucose or invert sugar under alkaline conditions, epimerization (epimerization), reduction, and removal of impurities.
[0014]
The concentration of mannitol used in the present invention is preferably 50 to 500 ppm in order to promote mycelial growth of mycorrhizal fungi. This is because hyphal growth is not significantly promoted at a concentration of less than 50 ppm. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 500 ppm, the growth is not noticeable and the practicality is lowered.
[0015]
In order to improve the infection rate of mycorrhizal fungi to plant roots, the concentration of mannitol is preferably 10 to 1500 ppm. This is because, when the concentration of mannitol is less than 10 ppm, the effect is hardly observed, and when the concentration is higher than 1500 ppm, the infection rate is lowered and it is not practical.
[0016]
The growth promoting agent of mycorrhizal fungi containing mannitol as an active ingredient at a predetermined concentration as described above is not particularly limited in its dosage form. For example, it is a liquid agent such as a water-soluble drug, or a known excipient. Can be formulated into powders, granules, tablets and the like.
[0017]
In the present invention, examples of mycorrhizal fungi whose infection rate is improved or hyphal growth is promoted by the addition of mannitol include Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora ramispofora .
[0018]
The plant subject to the plant growing method of the present invention may be a plant whose physiological state is improved by symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, and may not be a limited type of plant. As a general plant that mainly absorbs moisture and nutrients from the roots, particularly preferable results are obtained by applying to citrus fruits as described later.
[0019]
Moreover, the plant growth medium used in the plant growth method of the present invention may be any medium containing mycorrhizal fungi, and contains a large amount of organic matter, and is well-drained to some extent or mixed with soil or vermiculite, pearlite, or zeolite. Good artificial soil can also be used.
[0020]
Furthermore, plant seedlings can be grown using a medium in which microorganisms are easy to propagate, such as an agar medium, and the seedlings infected with mycorrhizal fungi can be transplanted to normal soil or the like for cultivation.
[0021]
【Example】
[Experimental Examples 1-5] (Confirmation test of hyphal growth rate)
For mannitol solutions adjusted to 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1500 ppm (Experimental Examples 1 to 5 in this order of concentration), 10 ml of a 1.5% undiluted agar medium (use a petri dish with a diameter of 70 mm) for each adjusted solution. Prepared and autoclaved at 121 ° C. Thereafter, 4 spores of Gigaspora ramispofora (hereinafter abbreviated as Gr) whose surface was disinfected were placed on a petri dish and incubated at 30 ° C. in the dark. The control group (Cont) was water only. Two weeks later, mycelial elongation from the spore was measured by an image processing system using a stereomicroscope equipped with a CCD camera and a personal computer, and the results are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003606819
[0023]
As is clear from the results of Table 1 and FIG. 1, the control group (Cont) to which mannitol was not added was about one-fifth of the mycelia in Experimental Example 1 and about one-fifth in Experimental Example 2. Only grew.
[0024]
On the other hand, the aqueous solution (mycorrhizal growth promoter) containing mannitol of Experimental Examples 1 to 5 as an active ingredient showed a growth rate 1.5 to 4.8 times that of the control group. In particular, Experimental Examples 2 to 4 having a mannitol concentration of 50 to 500 ppm had a high growth rate of 2.4 to 4.8 times that of the control group (mannitol concentration 0).
[0025]
[Experimental Examples 6-9] (Cultivation test of citrus seedlings)
In order to confirm the effect of mannitol on the mycorrhizal infection rate, a citrus seedling cultivation test was conducted. That is, 1 year-old seedlings of Karatachi grown in aseptic vermiculite were transplanted into a plastic No. 8 pot using a soil in which vermiculite, pearlite, and zeolite were mixed at a ratio of 2: 1: 1, respectively, and 15 g of limestone lime was transferred. / Bath application. Two weeks later, all plots were inoculated with approximately 60 Gr spores. Thereafter, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 100 ppm and 1500 ppm mannitol solutions (Experimental Examples 6 to 9 in this order) were irrigated in 100 ml / bath to the mannitol treated group, and the same amount of water was irrigated in the control group (Cont). Applied (total 4 times). The amount of fertilizer applied during the period was N: P: K = 1: 0.2: 1 g / pot, and trace elements were applied with liquid fertilizer. After transplantation, the pots were disassembled at 9 weeks, and the roots were Phillips et al. (Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55: 158-161. 1970) and Ishii et al. (Journal of Horticulture, Vol. 63, 529-535, 1994). ) And observed the infection rate. The infection rate was expressed as a ratio of the length of the infected root to the observed root length, and is shown in Table 2 and FIG.
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003606819
[0027]
As is apparent from the results of Table 2 and FIG. 2, the control group (Cont) to which mannitol was not added had an infection rate of only about one-half that of Experimental Example 8.
[0028]
On the other hand, when an aqueous solution (mycorrhizal growth promoter) containing mannitol as an active ingredient was applied as in Experimental Examples 6 to 9, the infection rate was 1.2 to 1.7 times that of the control group. It was.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, the invention relating to the mycorrhizal fungal infection promoter of the present application is a chemical component that can be efficiently synthesized industrially or a mycorrhizal fungus that contains mannitol that can be efficiently extracted and separated from nature as an active ingredient. It is an infection promoter. As described above, the mycorrhizal fungus-promoting agent containing mannitol as an active ingredient activates mycorrhizal fungi to increase the infectivity of mycorrhizal fungi to plant roots, The absorption rate of phosphorus and the like is improved, the growth of the plant is improved, and the resistance to diseases is also increased. These advantages are particularly prominent when the active ingredient mannitol is 10 to 1500 ppm.
[0030]
In particular, the invention relating to the mycorrhizal infection / growth promoting agent containing 50 to 500 ppm of mannitol as an active ingredient increases the infectivity of mycorrhizal fungi and promotes the growth of mycelium.
[0031]
Moreover, since the plant growth method using the above-mentioned mycorrhizal fungus infection / growth promoter adds mannitol to the plant growth medium containing mycorrhizal fungi, The growth of mycelium is promoted, the absorption rate of plant phosphorus and the like is improved, the growth of the plant is improved, and the resistance to diseases is also increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a chart showing the relationship between mannitol concentration and hyphal growth in a mycelial growth test. FIG. 2 is a chart showing the relationship between mannitol concentration and infection rate in an infection rate test.

Claims (4)

マンニトールを有効成分として含有する植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染促進剤。A mycorrhizal infection promoter for plant roots containing mannitol as an active ingredient. 有効成分が、10〜1500ppmの濃度である請求項1記載の菌根菌の感染促進剤。2. The mycorrhizal infection promoter according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient has a concentration of 10 to 1500 ppm. マンニトールを有効成分として50〜500ppm含有する菌根菌の感染・生長促進剤。A mycorrhizal infection / growth promoter containing 50 to 500 ppm of mannitol as an active ingredient. 菌根菌を含有する植物育成用培地に、マンニトールを添加して植物の根に対する菌根菌の感染およびその菌糸の生長を促進させる植物育成方法。A plant growth method for promoting infection of mycorrhizal fungi to plant roots and growth of their mycelia by adding mannitol to a plant growth medium containing mycorrhizal fungi.
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