JP3597940B2 - HTML document book type shaping method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, when an HTML (Hyper Text Makeup Language) document such as the WWW (World Wide Web) stored in the Internet is formatted and displayed in a book form that is easy for a user to view, the present invention is applied to an HTML link. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for adding an attribute for describing a logical structure of a type, and shaping the book into a book shape using a link with the attribute.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional apparatus for shaping and displaying an HTML document, particularly an apparatus called a WWW client, one HTML document is displayed per display apparatus. The relationship between the HTML document and another HTML document is expressed using a link, and even if the HTML document has a close relationship with another HTML document as represented by one book, each is independent. Will be managed.
[0003]
In order for the user to recognize a logical structure such as a hierarchy or a context between HTML documents, for example, a table of contents, a chapter, a section, etc., using such a link, the following pages, It is necessary to set a link such as "previous page" and have the user make such a transition.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of using the conventional technology, even if an attempt is made to add a logical structure such as a table of contents, a chapter, or a section between HTML documents, the user is required to recognize the next page or the previous page, depending on the recognition. Had to set up a proper link. Also, even if links such as "next page" and "previous page" are set, since those links are not distinguished from other links at all, when linking them into a book shape, There was not enough information on whether or not to order using, and it was difficult to process this with a computer.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to describe a logical structure between HTML documents by adding an attribute capable of describing a logical structure such as a table of contents, a chapter, and a section to a link between the HTML documents, An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus capable of efficiently formatting and displaying a book by rearranging an HTML document using the information.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 1 formats an HTML document described using HTML which is a structure description language for describing information such as hypertext information on the Internet on a tag basis. A method for transitioning from arbitrary information to other information, which is provided with an identifier in an HTML document called a link, and has a logical structure such as a book-type hierarchy and context between a plurality of HTML documents. A first step of interpreting an attribute which is a description, a second step of converting the logical structure into a tree structure using the attribute, and a step of converting the tree structure into a plurality of HTML documents represented by the attribute. A third process of rearranging the HTML document so as not to be inconsistent with the context, and a fourth process of linearly arranging the HTML document based on the rearranged tree structure. A law, the most important feature to be able to shape the HTML document to the type.
[0007]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a logical structure such as a table of contents, a chapter, and a section can be described in a link between HTML documents. You will be able to describe logical structures. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape the document into a book.
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the second step prepares a table of contents document describing a logical structure of a book type between a plurality of HTML documents. In the process of converting the logical structure between HTML documents into a tree structure using the description of the HTML document, by giving only a table of contents document describing the logical structure of the book type between the HTML documents, the description of the table of contents And converting the logical structure between the HTML documents into a tree structure by using the HTML document. It is possible to shape the HTML document into the main form without describing the logical structure of the main form in the HTML document itself. The most important feature.
[0009]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, even if the HTML document itself is described by the conventional technology, only the table of contents document describing the logical structure of the book type between the HTML documents is provided. It becomes possible to describe the logical structure between HTML documents that could not be created. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape the document into a book.
[0010]
Further, in the present invention according to claim 3, in the invention according to claim 1 or 2, the logical structure between the plurality of HTML documents is different from the REL attribute expressing the forward relationship where the link exists in the reverse direction. When the logical structure is described with a REV attribute expressing a relationship, a step of converting this logical structure into a description of a logical structure of the present type is newly provided before the first step, and the logical By describing the logical structure with the existing REL attribute or REV attribute in the HTML link, and converting the logical structure between the HTML documents expressed using the description into a logical type description of this type, The most important feature is that the HTML document can be shaped into a book form.
[0011]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, even if the attribute of the link of the HTML is not extended, the logical relationship of the book type such as the hierarchy and the context is determined by using the existing REL attribute or REV attribute. By describing, the logical structure between HTML documents can be described. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape the document into a book.
[0012]
Next, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 4 provides an HTML document described using HTML which is a structure description language for describing information such as hypertext information on the Internet on a tag basis. A device for shaping an HTML document described using HTML into a book-type structure, and a unit for displaying the book-type structure in a book form on a screen. Means for interpreting an attribute which is a description of a logical structure such as a book type hierarchy or context between HTML documents; means for converting the logical structure into a tree structure using the attribute; And a means for rearranging the HTML documents so as not to contradict the context between the plurality of HTML documents represented by... And a means for linearly arranging the HTML documents based on the rearranged tree structure. An L document the type shaping apparatus, the most important feature that can be displayed to shape the HTML document to the type.
[0013]
By using the present invention described in claim 4, a logical structure such as a table of contents, a chapter, and a section can be described in a link between HTML documents. You will be able to describe logical structures. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape and display the book in the form of a book.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the fourth aspect, the means for converting the logical structure into a tree structure includes a table of contents document describing a logical structure of a book type between a plurality of HTML documents. As a means for preparing and converting a logical structure between HTML documents into a tree structure based on this, by giving only a table-of-contents document describing a book-type logical structure between HTML documents, the HTML document itself can be converted. The most important feature is that an HTML document can be shaped into a book without describing the logical structure of the book.
[0015]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, even if the HTML document itself is described by the conventional technique, only the table of contents document describing the logical structure of the book type between the HTML documents is provided. It becomes possible to describe the logical structure between HTML documents that could not be created. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape the document into a book.
[0016]
Further, in the present invention according to claim 6, in the invention according to claim 4 or 5, the logical structure between the plurality of HTML documents is such that the logical structure between the HTML document and the REL attribute expressing the forward relationship exists in the reverse direction. In the case where the HTML document is described with a REV attribute that expresses a relationship, a means for converting the logical structure into a description of the logical structure of the book type is newly provided, so that the HTML document can be shaped into the book form. The most important feature.
[0017]
According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, even if the attribute of the HTML link is not extended, the logical relationship of the book type such as the hierarchy and the context is determined by using the existing REL attribute or REV attribute. By describing, the logical structure between HTML documents can be described. By rearranging the HTML document using the information, it is possible to efficiently shape the document into a book.
[0018]
Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described.
[0019]
In the present invention according to claim 1, the process of interpreting an attribute given as a description of a logical structure such as a book hierarchy or a context between HTML documents in a link cannot be interpreted by conventional techniques. It allows you to interpret the logical structure of a book. Also, the process of converting the logical structure between the HTML documents expressed using the attribute into a tree structure is centralized by expressing the description of the logical structure dispersed in each HTML document as one tree structure. I can handle it. Further, the process of rearranging the tree structure so as to be as consistent as possible with the context between the documents represented by the attributes is described in the link between the HTML documents with the assistance of the context described in a higher hierarchy. By rearranging the HTML documents in the order of the HTML documents, the rearrangement can be performed normally even when the context is not described between the HTML documents or when an inconsistent description is included. On the other hand, the process of linearly arranging the HTML document based on the rearranged tree structure is performed by searching for a tree structure that is as suited as possible to the book-type logical structure described in the HTML document in a depth-first manner. HTML documents are arranged linearly. Therefore, it is possible to describe the logical structure between the HTML documents and to rearrange the HTML documents using the information, so that the HTML document, which is the object of the present invention, can be efficiently shaped into a book form. become.
[0020]
In the present invention according to claim 2, the step of converting the logical structure between the HTML documents expressed using the description of the table of contents document into a tree structure expands the description of the given table of contents document in order from the top of the document. Thus, the hierarchy and the context between the HTML documents are obtained, and the logical structure between the HTML documents is converted into a tree structure using the information. Therefore, even if the logical structure of this type is not described in the HTML document itself, the logical structure between the HTML documents can be converted into a tree structure from the description of the table of contents document. Documents can be efficiently shaped into trees.
[0021]
In the present invention according to claim 3, a step of converting a logical structure between HTML documents expressed by using a description of a REL attribute or a REV attribute existing in an HTML link to a description of a logical structure of the present type. Converts parent-child relationships and contexts expressed by REL attributes and REV attributes of links into hierarchical relationships and contexts of this type. Therefore, it is possible to describe the logical structure between the HTML documents and to rearrange the HTML documents using the information, so that the HTML document, which is the object of the present invention, can be efficiently shaped into a book form. become.
[0022]
In the present invention according to claim 4, means for interpreting an attribute given as a description of a logical structure such as a book type hierarchy or a context between HTML documents in a link cannot be interpreted by a conventional technique. It allows you to interpret the logical structure of a book. Next, the means for converting the logical structure between the HTML documents expressed using the attributes into a tree structure is centralized by expressing the description of the logical structure dispersed in each HTML document as one tree structure. To be able to handle. Further, the means for rearranging the tree structure so as to be as inconsistent as possible with the context between the documents represented by the attributes is described in a link between HTML documents with the assistance of the context described in a higher hierarchy. By rearranging the HTML documents in the order of the HTML documents, the rearrangement can be performed normally even when the context is not described between the HTML documents or when an inconsistent description is included. Lastly, the means for linearly arranging the HTML document based on the rearranged tree structure is such that a tree structure that matches as much as possible the book-type logical structure described in the HTML document is searched in a depth-first manner. HTML documents are arranged linearly. Therefore, it is possible to describe the logical structure between the HTML documents and to rearrange the HTML documents using the information, and to efficiently format and display the HTML document, which is the object of the present invention, in the form of a book. It is possible to provide a device capable of performing such operations.
[0023]
In the present invention according to claim 5, the means for converting the logical structure between the HTML documents expressed using the description of the table of contents document into a tree structure expands the description of the given table of contents document in order from the top of the document. Thus, the hierarchy and the context between the HTML documents are obtained, and the logical structure between the HTML documents is converted into a tree structure using the information. Therefore, even if the logical structure of this type is not described in the HTML document itself, the logical structure between the HTML documents can be converted into a tree structure from the description of the table of contents document. Documents can be efficiently shaped into trees.
[0024]
In the present invention according to claim 6, means for converting a logical structure between HTML documents, which has been conventionally described in an HTML link with a REL attribute or a REV attribute, into a description of a logical structure of this type is provided. The parent-child relationship and the context expressed by the REL attribute and the REV attribute are converted into the hierarchical relationship and the context of this type. Therefore, it is possible to describe the logical structure between the HTML documents and to rearrange the HTML documents using the information, so that the HTML document, which is the object of the present invention, can be efficiently shaped into a book form. become.
[0025]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0026]
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram modeling a book-type logical structure as a result of shaping according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Book 1 shown in the figure represents the whole book as a logical structure. Such a book usually comprises a preface 2, a table of contents 3, a text 4, a bibliography 5, an index 6, and others 7. Here, the main text 4 is composed of a repetition of chapter 8, the chapter 8 is a repetition of section 9, the section 9 is a repetition of page 10, and the page 11 is a repetition of word 11. It consists of. Preface 2 and others 7 are also composed of repeated sections 9 and 8 in the same manner as text 4. The other 7 corresponds to what is called an appendix or supplement. Also, the table of contents 3 is mainly composed of references to the inside of the book such as the chapter 9 in the chapter 8. The index 6 is similarly configured by reference to the inside of the book such as the page 10. On the other hand, the reference bibliography 5 is composed of references to information outside the book such as another book, and is referred to from the word 11 inside the book. In the present invention, other than the logical structure of the page 10 and the word 11 is described, and the repetitive structure of the page 10 is automatically created.
[0027]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing attributes necessary for describing the above logical structure in a link in the first embodiment of the present invention. The attribute book 12 shown in the figure corresponds to the book 1 in FIG. 1 and represents a link from an HTML document describing the entire book. The attribute section 13 corresponds to the foreword 2 and others 7 in FIG. 1, the chapter 8 and the section 9 of the main body 4, and represents a link from an HTML document having a structure in which pages such as chapters and sections are put together. The attribute index14 corresponds to the table of contents 3 and the index 6 in FIG. 1 and indicates that the attribute is a link from an HTML document in which references inside the book are compiled. The attribute biography15 corresponds to the bibliography list 5 in FIG. 1 and indicates that the attribute is a link from an HTML document that summarizes references to the outside of the book.
[0028]
The value of the attribute book 12 is “section” in the case of a link to the HTML document represented by the attribute section 13 such as the preface 2, the body 4, and the other 7, and the HTML document represented by the attribute index 14 such as the table of contents 3 and the index 6. In the case of a link to, "index" is given, and in the case of a link to an HTML document represented by an attribute bibliography15 such as reference list 5, "bibliography" is given. In addition, in order to describe a single book by several books, such as a continuous novel, "previous" representing logically the front and "next" representing logically the rear can be given. . Further, "made" representing the author can be given. Next, as a value of the attribute section 13, "section" is given to a link to an HTML document representing a section if the HTML document in which the link is written is a chapter, or to a section if the HTML document is a section. Also, in order to describe the logical context of chapters and sections, “previous” indicating the front and “next” indicating the back can be given. As a value of the attribute index14, "reference" is given in the case of a reference link to information inside the book. When the table of contents, the index, and the like are described in a plurality of HTML documents, “previous” representing logically preceding and “next” representing logically behind can be given. In the case of a reference link to information outside the book, “refer” is given as the value of the attribute biography15. When the reference bibliography is described in a plurality of HTML documents, "previous" indicating logically the front and "next" indicating logically the rear can be given.
[0029]
An example in which the above-mentioned attribute representing the logical structure in the first embodiment of the present invention is described in a link is shown below.
[0030]
book. html-16
<Head>
<Link book = “made” href = “mailto: kenya@ntt.jp”>
</ Head>
<Body>
<A book="index"href="mokuji.html"> Table of contents </A><p>
<A book=“section” href=“chap.html”> Chapter 1 </A><p>
<A book=“bibliography” href=“bib.html”> References </A><p>
</ Body>
mokuji. html-17
<Body>
<H1> Table of Contents <h1><p>
<A index="refer"href="chap1.html"> Chapter 1 </A><BR>
<A index=“refer” href=“sec1.html”> First section </A><BR>
<A index="refer"href="sec2.html"> Second section </A>
<P>
<A index="reference"href="chap2.html"> Second chapter </A>
</ Body>
chap1. html-18
<Body>
<H1> Chapter 1 <h1><p>
<A section="section"href="sec1.html"> First section </A><p>
<A section="section"href="sec2.html"> Second section </A><p>
</ Body>
sec1. html-19
<Body>
<H2> first section </ h2><p>
This is a test page for book type display. <P>
<A section=“next” href=“sec2.html”> Next section </A><p>
</ Body>
sec2. html-20
<Body>
<H2> Second section </ h2><p>
This is the second section of the book type test page. <P>
<A section=“previous” href=“sec1.html”> previous section </A><p>
</ Body>
bib. html-21
<Body>
<H1> Reference bibliography </ h1><p>
[1]
<A bibliography=“refer” href=“http://www.ntt.jp/”> NTT Home Page <// A><BR>
[2]
<A bibliography=“reference” href=“http://hil.ntt.jp/”> NTT Hammam Interface lab <// A><BR>
</ Body>
The book. The html 16 is an HTML document corresponding to the book 1 in FIG. 1 and represents the entire book. In a header surrounded by a <head> tag and a </ head> tag, a link indicating the author of the book is described by an <link> tag having an attribute book = "mode". Here, href = “character string” indicates that the character string is used as an identifier of a link, and the character string is referred to as Uniform Resource Identifier, and is referred to as URI. Also, the <a> tag describes a link to the table of contents, the first chapter, and the bibliography. mokuji. html17 is an HTML document corresponding to the table of contents 3 in FIG. html 16 is referred to by a link of attribute book = “index”. In the document 17, the <a> tag having the attribute index = “refer” in the table of contents representing the entire structure of the book includes the first chapter, the first chapter, the first chapter, the second section, and the second chapter. A link indicating the internal reference is described. This mokuji. The html 17 can be automatically generated from the contents of other HTML documents. chap1. html18 is an HTML document corresponding to chapter 8 in FIG. html 16 is referred to by a link having the attribute book = "section". In this document 18, a link to the first and second sections constituting the first chapter is described by an <a> tag having an attribute section = "section". sec1. html19 and sec2. html20 is an HTML document corresponding to section 9 in FIG. It is referenced from html 18 by a link having the attribute section = "section". In these documents 19 and 20, the contents of the first and second sections constituting the first chapter and the links indicating the logical context of the first and second sections have the attribute section = “next” and the attribute section = “previous”. <a> tag. bib. html21 is an HTML document corresponding to reference list 5 in FIG. html 16 is referred to by a link having an attribute book = "bibliography". In this document 21, a list of references of this book is described by an <a> tag having an attribute bibliography = "href".
[0031]
FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between the HTML documents described above. A rounded rectangle indicates a portion where a link is described in the HTML document, and an arrow indicates a reference destination of the link. Here, the shaded rounded squares represent references to the outside of the book, and the characters added to the arrows represent the values of the book attribute, section attribute, and index attribute of the link.
[0032]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which the above-described HTML document is shaped into a book according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Each HTML document is rearranged in the order of book 1, table of contents 3, text 4, and reference list 5 of the model shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with the logical structure of the book type described. In the present embodiment, if one HTML document cannot fit on one page, it is divided into two or more pages. Each square shown in FIG. 4 represents one page after the main pattern shaping, and the number surrounded by a hyphen (-) at the bottom represents the page number of the page.
[0033]
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the HTML document book shaping apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The HTML document acquisition unit 22 shown in FIG. 2 has a role of acquiring an HTML document from a database storing HTML documents such as WWW and passing the acquired HTML document to the HTML syntax analysis unit 23. The HTML syntax analysis unit 23 analyzes the syntax of the HTML document passed from the HTML document acquisition unit 22, and converts the URI of the HTML document being processed and the link having the attribute determined in the present embodiment into the main structure analysis unit 24. The HTML document being processed is stored in the component storage unit 25. The book type structure analysis unit 24 is the most important part of the present invention, and analyzes the logical structure of the book type and rearranges the HTML document. When processing is performed by the main structure analysis unit 24, the URI of the HTML document being processed is registered in the structure storage unit 26. If the link passed by the HTML parsing unit 23 describes a URI that does not exist in the structure storage unit 26, it is recursively passed to the HTML document obtaining unit 22 to obtain the HTML document. Do it. When there are no more HTML documents that have not been acquired, the HTML documents are rearranged in accordance with the attributes defined in the present embodiment, the order of arrangement of the HTML documents is registered in the structure storage unit 26, and the processing of the book type shaping unit 27 is performed. Start. The pattern shaping unit 27 divides the HTML document stored in the component storage unit 25 so as to fit on a page in the order of arrangement of the HTML documents registered in the structure storage unit 26. When processing is performed by the book type shaping unit 27, a URI / page number correspondence table 28 that describes the correspondence between the URI of the HTML document and the page number is created. When the processing of the pattern shaping section 27 is completed, the result is passed to the display data generating section 29. The display data generating unit 29 converts the HTML document divided by the book shaping unit 27 into a format that can be displayed on the information display unit 30 for each page. When processing is performed by the display data generation unit 29, URIs that do not exist in the URI / page number correspondence table 28 are left as they are as references to the outside, and URIs that are present in the URI / page number correspondence table 28 are used as references to the inside of the book. Performs processing to convert to page numbers. The information display unit 30 displays the HTML document converted by the display data generation unit 29 in the form of a book.
[0034]
As described above, the logical structure between them is described in the HTML document, and the HTML document can be rearranged using the information, and the HTML document can be efficiently shaped into a book form and displayed. Will be able to
[0035]
Next, with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 6, the operation of rearranging the HTML documents based on the logical structure of the book in the book structure analyzing unit 24 in the above embodiment will be described in detail. First, an HTML document serving as a starting point for shaping into a book form is called a root document. The root document corresponds to the book 1 shown in FIG. 1, and the link describing the logical structure has the attribute book defined in this embodiment. In the present embodiment, the process is started by first inputting a root document. In step S1, the type structure analysis unit 24 stores the URI of the root document passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23 in the structure storage unit 26, and stores the URI in the passed root document in a link having a book attribute. The URIs are arranged in the order in which they appear in the root document, and a tree as shown in FIG. 7 is created. The ellipse in FIG. 7 represents a URI and is called a node. The arrows in the figure represent a link having a book attribute and its attribute value “index”, “section”, or the like. When a tree as shown in FIG. 7 is created, a link having a value that is not suitable as a book attribute is not included in the tree. Next, the URI that is currently a leaf is passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22, and the process proceeds to step S2.
[0036]
In step S2, among the links having the attributes defined in the present embodiment passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23, those whose attribute values are “section”, “next”, and “previous” are processed. Add them to the tree in the order in which they appear in the HTML document. The destination node is a node having the same URI as the URI passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23. A link in which the value of the book attribute or the section attribute is “section” is called a section link. If the added link is a section link, the reference destination URI is passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22. If there are no unprocessed section links in the tree, the process proceeds to step S3. The result of step S2 is as shown in FIG. The level shown in the drawing is defined by the number of section links that can be reached from the root document, and the smaller one is the higher level. Level 1 has a correspondence such as Chapter 8 in FIG. 1, and level 2 has a correspondence such as Section 9. Here, when adding a link to the tree, a link having an unsuitable value as each attribute or a section link for the same or higher level is ignored.
[0037]
In step S3, the reference URIs of the next link and the previous link existing in the tree that are not present in the tree are passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22, and the URIs specified in the present embodiment passed by the HTML syntax analysis unit 23. Links having attribute values “section”, “next”, and “previous” among links having attributes are added to the tree in the order in which they appear in the HTML document being processed. Here, the next link is a link whose attribute value defined in the present embodiment is “next”, and the previous link is a link whose attribute value defined in the present embodiment is “previous”. That is. The destination node is a node having the same URI as the URI passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23. If there are no unprocessed next links or previous links in the tree, the process proceeds to step S4.
[0038]
In step S4, it is determined whether an unresolved link is included in the tree. The unresolved link is a section link, a next link, or a previous link, and is a link whose reference destination URI is not passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22. When there is an unresolved link, the process returns to step S2, and when there is no unresolved link, the process proceeds to step S5.
[0039]
In step S5, the nodes at the same level are rearranged with the priority of the next link. The rearrangement is performed by rearranging the nodes at the same level so that the previous link has as little inconsistency as possible, and then rearranging the next link so as to have as little inconsistency as possible. Here, in order to perform the sorting so that there is no inconsistency, it is sufficient to execute the sorting by regarding the relationship by the previous link or the next link as the magnitude relationship of the values.
[0040]
An operation example of step S5 will be described with reference to FIG. In the initial state of step S5, as shown in FIG. 9A, the nodes are arranged in the order of No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, next link from No. 1 to No. 2, No. 3 from No. 2, It is assumed that the previous link is set to the next link, the next link is set to the third to fourth, and the next link and the previous link are set to the fourth to fifth. In order to rearrange the previous links as much as possible without inconsistency, the numbers 2 and 3 should be replaced, and the numbers 4 and 5 should be replaced. Then, as shown in FIG. 10B, the nodes are arranged in the order of No. 1, No. 3, No. 5, No. 4, and No. 4. Next, in order to rearrange the next links so that there is as little inconsistency as possible, the fourth and fifth numbers may be exchanged. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9C, nodes are arranged in the order of No. 1, No. 3, No. 2, No. 4, and No. 5. At this time, inconsistency occurs in the previous link, but is ignored because the next link has priority. Such rearrangement is performed for all nodes existing in the tree, and the process proceeds to step S6.
[0041]
In step S6, URIs corresponding to each node are ordered according to the created tree. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the execution result of step S6. By step S5, the tree created as shown in FIG. 10A is made one-dimensional with depth priority, so that the book type can be ordered as shown in FIG. 10B. Also, as shown in the figure, if there are a plurality of nodes having the same URI in the tree, the node that comes after when the tree is shaped into a book is deleted.
[0042]
Thus, the operation of rearranging the HTML documents based on the logical structure of the book in the book structure analysis unit 24 in the first embodiment of the present invention is completed.
[0043]
[Embodiment 2]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, the book structure analysis unit 24 in the block diagram showing the configuration of the HTML document book shaping apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. As described above, instead of extracting the description of the logical structure of this type from all HTML documents, the logical structure between HTML documents expressed using the description is extracted from the table of contents document describing the logical structure of this type. It is an example of one Embodiment of this invention changed so that it may convert into this structure.
[0044]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between HTML documents according to the second embodiment. A rounded rectangle indicates a portion where a link is described in the HTML document, and an arrow indicates a reference destination of the link. Here, the shaded rounded squares represent references to the outside of the book, and the characters added to the arrows represent the values of the book attribute, section attribute, and index attribute of the link. The mokuji. html31 is available from book. The logical structure such as the arrangement order of the HTML documents is described here from the html 32 by a link having the attribute book = “index”. As a description method, a link having the attribute “index =“ refer ”” can be described in the order in which the link is formed into a book. By combining this link with a <Hn> tag which is a tag for describing the structure in the HTML document, for example, a link surrounded by <H1> and </ H1> represents a chapter, and <H2> and <H2> For example, a link surrounded by / H2> can express a hierarchical relationship between HTML documents, such as a node.
[0045]
The table of contents document mokuji. html31 is shown.
[0046]
mokuji. html ~ 33
<Body>
<H1> Table of Contents <h1><p>
<H1><Aindex="reference"href="chap1.html"> Chapter 1 </A><//h1>
<H2><A index=“reference” href=“sec1.html”> First section </A><h2>
<H2><A index=“refer” href=“sec2.html”> Second section </A><h2>
<P>
<A index="reference"href="chap2.html"> Second chapter </A>
</ Body>
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example in which the relationship between the HTML documents shown in FIG. 11 is used to form a book according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Each HTML document is available as mokuji. According to the book-type logical structure described in html33, the model shown in FIG. 1 is arranged in the order of book 1, table of contents 3, and text 4. Also in the present embodiment, if one HTML document cannot fit on one page, it is divided into two or more pages. Each square shown in FIG. 12 represents one page after the main pattern shaping, and the number surrounded by a hyphen (-) at the bottom represents the page number of the page. The arrow in the figure represents a link having the above-mentioned attribute index = “reference”, and the dotted line represents a group linked by a next link and a previous link described in the HTML document.
[0047]
Next, a block diagram showing a configuration of an HTML document book shaping apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention is the same as that shown in FIG. Only the data passed to the structure analysis unit 24 and the operation of the main structure analysis unit 24 are different. The change of the HTML syntax analysis unit 23 is to add the current value of the <Hn> tag representing the character size of the heading to the link having the attribute determined in the present embodiment among the data passed to the book type structure analysis unit 24. It is done by changing as follows.
[0048]
The operation of the main structure analysis unit 24 is the most important part in the second embodiment, and will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the process is started by inputting the root document first. In step S7, the book type structure analysis unit 24 of this embodiment stores the URI of the root document passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23 in the structure storage unit 26, and the attribute book = "" in the root document passed at the same time. The URI stored in the link having the “index” is passed to the HTML document acquiring unit 22 while being held, and the HTML parsing unit 23 waits until the same URI as the held URI is passed. When the URI is passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23, the attribute index = “refer” among the links having the attribute defined in the present embodiment, which has been passed at the same time, is changed in the order of appearance in the HTML document being processed. To add to the tree. The destination node is determined by the value of the added <Hn> tag.
[0049]
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a state in which a book-type logical structure is added to a tree from a table of contents document in the second embodiment. From the table of contents document 33, links having the attribute “index =“ refer ”” are set to the first chapter 34, the first chapter 35, the first chapter 35, and the second chapter 37. Add to the tree in the order in which the links appear. First, since the link to the first chapter 34 is surrounded by the <H1> tag and the </ H1> tag, the link destination is a level 1 node. Therefore, a link to the first chapter 34 is added as a link from the root document. Next, since the link to the first chapter, first section 35 is surrounded by the <H2> tag and the </ H2> tag, the link destination is a node of level 2. Since the last added node of level 1 is the first chapter 34, a link to the first chapter 35 is added as a link from the first chapter 34. Similarly, a link to the first chapter and the second section 36 is added as a link from the first chapter 34. Finally, since there is no <Hn> tag information in the link to the second chapter 37, the link is added as a link from the root document. As described above, when a tree representing the logical structure of a book is created from the table of contents document 33, the URI of the unresolved link in the tree is passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22, and the HTML syntax The link having the attribute value “next” or “previous” among the links having the attributes determined in the present embodiment passed from the analysis unit 23 is added to the node having the same URI as the URI passed at the same time. When there are no more unresolved links in the tree, the process proceeds to step S8.
[0050]
In step S8, almost the same operation as in step S3 is performed, and the reference destination URI of the next link and the previous link existing in the tree and not present in the tree are passed to the HTML document acquisition unit 22 and passed from the HTML syntax analysis unit 23. The links having the attribute values “next” and “previous” among the links having the attributes determined in the present embodiment are added to the tree in the order in which they appear in the HTML document being processed. The destination node is a node having the same URI as the URI passed at the same time. If there are no unprocessed next links or previous links in the tree, the process proceeds to step S9.
[0051]
In step S9, exactly the same operation as in step S5 is performed, and the nodes of the same level are rearranged with the priority of the next link. When the rearrangement has been performed for all nodes existing in the tree, the process proceeds to step S10.
[0052]
In step S10, exactly the same operation as in step S6 is performed, the URIs corresponding to the respective nodes are ordered according to the created tree, and when there are a plurality of nodes having the same URI in the tree, the tree is shaped into a book. When deleting nodes that come behind.
[0053]
Thus, the operation of rearranging the HTML documents based on the logical structure of the book in the book structure analysis unit 24 in the second embodiment of the present invention is completed.
[0054]
[Embodiment 3]
Finally, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. In the present embodiment, only the operation of the HTML parser 23 in the block diagram showing the configuration of the HTML document book formatter according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 is different. The HTML syntax analysis unit 23 analyzes the syntax of the HTML document passed from the HTML document acquisition unit 22, and converts the URI of the HTML document being processed and the link having the attribute determined in the present embodiment into the main structure analysis unit 24. The HTML document being processed is stored in the component storage unit 25. In this embodiment, before the link is passed to the main structure analysis unit 24, the existing REL attribute and REV attribute are added to the HTML link. The attribute can be converted and passed to the attribute determined in the embodiment. Hereinafter, this conversion will be described in detail.
[0055]
The REL attribute conventionally existing in HTML links is an abbreviation of RElation, and describes a forward relationship from a link source to a link destination. The REV attribute is an abbreviation of REVerse and describes a reverse relationship from a link destination to a link source. As a value of the REL attribute or the REV attribute, "made", "parent", "next", "previous", and the like can be described. Therefore, the HTML syntax analysis unit 23 in the present embodiment converts the attribute REV = “parent” into the attribute book = “section” in the root document, and converts the attribute section = “section” in the other HTML documents. The REL attribute having the attribute value “next” or “previous” is converted into a book attribute in a root document and a section attribute in other HTML documents. Similarly, the attribute REV = “made” in the root document is converted into the attribute book = “made”. By such a conversion, it is possible to describe a book-type logical structure between HTML documents without extending HTML link attributes.
[0056]
With the above, the operation of converting the REL attribute and the REV attribute conventionally existing in the HTML link into the attributes defined in the present embodiment by the HTML syntax analysis unit 23 in the third embodiment of the present invention is completed.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when a logical structure such as a table of contents, a chapter, or a section is to be provided between HTML documents, an attribute corresponding to the logical structure is provided. It is possible to set links that do not rely on user recognition. Also, the links described as above are distinguished from other links in terms of attributes, and the computer extracts information on which link to use and order when shaping it into a book shape This has the effect of simplifying the process.
[0058]
Further, according to the present invention, the description of a non-book type logical structure between HTML documents can be formed and displayed in the form of a book without losing any information. Therefore, a close relationship is established instead of a device called a WWW client. This makes it possible to manage a group of HTML documents in the form of a book, thereby providing an advantage that a user can use the method more easily.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram modeling a book-like logical structure as a result of shaping according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing attributes necessary for describing a logical structure in a link according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a logical structure between HTML documents according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which an HTML document is shaped into a book according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an HTML document book type shaping apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an operation of reordering an HTML document based on a logical structure of a book in a book structure analyzer in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a tree created as a result of executing step S1 shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a tree created from the tree of FIG. 8 as a result of executing step S2 shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an operation example of step S5 illustrated in FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an execution result of step S6 illustrated in FIG. 7;
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between HTML documents according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example in which the relationship between the HTML documents shown in FIG. 11 is used to shape the book according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of rearranging an HTML document based on a logical structure of a book in a book structure analyzer according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a state in which a book-type logical structure is added to a tree from a table of contents document in the second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1… Book in book type logical structure model
2. Introduction to this type of logical structure model
3. Table of contents in this type of logical structure model
4. The text in the book-type logical structure model
5 Reference bibliography in this type of logical structure model
6 Index in book type logical structure model
7: Other contents in this type of logical structure model
8 ... Chapters in the main text of this type of logical structure model
9: Sections in chapters in this type of logical structure model
10 ... Pages in the clauses of this type of logical structure model
11 ... Words in a page in this type of logical structure model
22 HTML document acquisition unit
23 HTML parsing unit
24… Structural analysis unit
25: Parts storage unit
26 ... Structure storage unit
27… Book type shaping part
28 ... URI page number correspondence table
29: Display data generator
30 ... Information display section
31. mokuji. html
32 ... book. html
33 ... table of contents document mokuji. html
34 ... Chapter 1
35 ... Chapter 1, Section 1
36 ... Chapter 1, Section 2
37. Chapter 2

Claims (6)

A method of formatting an HTML document described using HTML, which is a structure description language for describing information such as hypertext information on the Internet on a tag basis,
An attribute, which is a description of a logical structure such as a book-type hierarchy and a context between a plurality of HTML documents, given to an identifier in a HTML document called a link for transition from arbitrary information to other information. The first process of interpreting,
A second step of converting the logical structure into a tree structure using the attribute;
A third process of rearranging the tree structure so as not to be inconsistent with the context between a plurality of HTML documents represented by the attribute;
A fourth process of linearly arranging the HTML documents based on the rearranged tree structure;
An HTML document book type shaping method characterized by comprising: The second step is a step of preparing a table of contents document describing a book-type logical structure between a plurality of HTML documents, and converting the logical structure between the HTML documents into a tree structure using the description of the table of contents document. Is,
2. The HTML document book type shaping method according to claim 1, wherein: If the logical structure between a plurality of HTML documents is described by a REL attribute that expresses a forward relationship where the link exists and a REV attribute that expresses a reverse relationship, this logical structure is used as a main type. Having a step of converting to a description of the logical structure of the first step before the first step,
The HTML document book type shaping method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: An apparatus for formatting an HTML document described using HTML which is a structure description language for describing information such as hypertext information on the Internet on a tag basis,
An apparatus comprising: means for shaping an HTML document described using HTML into a book-type structure; and means for displaying the book-type structure in a book form on a screen.
Means for interpreting an attribute which is a description of a logical structure such as a book hierarchy or a context between HTML documents;
Means for converting the logical structure into a tree structure using the attribute;
Means for rearranging the tree structure so as not to be inconsistent with the context between a plurality of HTML documents represented by the attribute;
Means for linearly arranging HTML documents based on the rearranged tree structure;
An HTML document book-type shaping device comprising: The means for converting the logical structure into a tree structure includes preparing a table of contents document describing a book-type logical structure between a plurality of HTML documents, and converting the logical structure between the HTML documents into a tree structure based on the table. Means to
The HTML document book-type shaping apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: When a logical structure between a plurality of HTML documents is described by a REL attribute that expresses a forward relationship existing in a link and a REV attribute that expresses a reverse relationship, this logical structure is defined as a main type. Characterized by newly providing means for converting to a description of a logical structure,
The HTML document book shaping device according to claim 4 or claim 5.

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