JP3588782B2 - Additive for cement - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3588782B2
JP3588782B2 JP20149894A JP20149894A JP3588782B2 JP 3588782 B2 JP3588782 B2 JP 3588782B2 JP 20149894 A JP20149894 A JP 20149894A JP 20149894 A JP20149894 A JP 20149894A JP 3588782 B2 JP3588782 B2 JP 3588782B2
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Prior art keywords
group
salt
carbon atoms
cement
copolymer
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JPH07215746A (en
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匡 原
誠吾 木下
進 本多
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NOF Corp
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NOF Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039Premixtures of ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/302Water reducers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/304Air-entrainers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/308Slump-loss preventing agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polyethers (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は新規なセメント用添加剤、さらに詳しくは、高い減水性と高いスランプロス防止性を有するとともに、セメント混練り時に連行される空気量の調整が容易なセメント用添加剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コンクリートやモルタルなどのセメント配合物の添加剤として、ポリカルボン酸系、ナフタレンスルホン酸系、メラミンスルホン酸系、リグニンスルホン酸系などの減水剤が用いられている。
近年コンクリートには高強度の要求が高まり、コンクリート組成物中の水の量を少なくする必要性が出てきた。上記添加剤はコンクリート組成物中の水の量を少なくする効果はあるものの、経時的に起こるコンクリート組成物の流動性の低下、いわゆるスランプロスを避けることはできないという欠点を有していた。そこでこの欠点を改善するために、優れたスランプロス防止効果をもち、減水性が大きい共重合体(特開昭63−285140号公報)が開示されたが、このものは添加時に連行される空気量が多すぎる問題があった。
一般にポリカルボン酸系減水剤では、セメント配合物に一定の流動性(コンクリートなどにおいてこれをスランプ値で示す)を与える量を添加した際、連行される空気により空気量が増えすぎるという問題がある。空気量が多すぎるとコンクリートの圧縮強度を低下させる原因となる。
また、気泡の混入による成形品の外観上の品質低下を招く問題が生じる。そこで、この問題を解決するために、ポリオキシアルキレンブロック共重合体の末端エステル化物が提案されたが(特開昭61−111950号公報)、このものでは、高いスランプロス防止性と連行される空気量の調整を同時に両立させることは困難であった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような事情のもとで、高い減水性と高いスランプロス防止性を有するとともに、セメント混練り時に連行される空気量の調整が容易なセメント用添加剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記の好ましい性質を有するセメント用添加剤を開発すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の共重合体と消泡効果をもつ特定のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体とを、所定の割合で配合したものは、セメントへの使用時に優れたスランプロス防止効果を発揮し、かつ減水性が大きい上、連行する空気量の調整が可能であって、圧縮強度の高い成形品を与えることを見い出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、(A)(イ)一般式[1]
【化2】

Figure 0003588782
(式中のZは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の水酸基を除いた残基、AO、AO及びAOはそれぞれ炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基であり、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは炭素数2〜5の不飽和炭化水素基又は不飽和アシル基、Rは炭素数1〜40の炭化水素基、a、b及びcはそれぞれ0又は1〜150の整数、mは1又は2、pは1〜7の整数であり、かつm+n+p=2〜8、n/(m+p)≦1/2及びam+bn+cp≧1の関係を満たす。)
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と(ロ)無水マレイン酸との共重合体、その遊離酸型又は塩型共重合体100重量部に対し、(B)一般式[2]
YO(RO)(CO)(RO)H …[2]
(式中のYは炭素数8〜22の炭化水素基、RO及びROはそれぞれオキシプロピレン基又はオキシブチレン基であり、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、d及びfはそれぞれ0又は1〜50の整数、eは1〜20の整数であるが、d及びfが共に0であることはない)
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体0.01〜5重量部を配合したものを有効成分とするセメント用添加剤を提供するものである。
【0005】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明のセメント用添加剤における(A)成分の原料として用いられる(イ)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体は、一般式[1]
【化3】
Figure 0003588782
の構造を有するものである。
上記一般式[1]において、Zは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の水酸基を除いた残基である。該2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物としては、例えばカテコール、レゾルシン、ヒドロキノン、フロログルシンなどの多価フェノール;エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ドデシレングリコール、オクタデシレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、スチレングリコール、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ポリグリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、トリメチロールプロパン、1,3,5−ペンタントリオール、エリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ソルバイド、ソルビトール−グリセリン縮合物、アドニトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、マンニトールなどの多価アルコール;キシロース、アラビノース、リボース、ラムノース、グルコース、フルクトース、ガラクトース、マンノース、ソルボース、セロビオース、マルトース、イソマルトース、トレハロース、シュウクロース、ラフィノース、ゲンチアノース、メレジトースなどの糖類;さらにそれらの部分エーテル化物や部分エステル化物などが挙げられる。
【0006】
また、AO、AO及びAOはそれぞれ炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基であり、例えばオキシエチレン基、オキシプロピレン基、オキシブチレン基、オキシテトラメチレン基、オキシスチレン基、オキシドデシレン基、オキシテトラデシレン基、オキシヘキサデシレン基、オキシオクタデシレン基などが挙げられるが、特に共重合反応性の良さから炭素数2〜4のオキシアルキレン基が好ましい。
該AO、AO及びAOはたがいに同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。Xは炭素数2〜5の不飽和炭化水素基又は不飽和アシル基であり、例えばビニル基、アリル基、メタリル基、4−ペンテニル基、3−メチル−3−ブテニル基、アクリル基、メタクリル基など挙げられる。このXの炭素数は重合性と関係があり、炭素数が5より多くなると重合性が乏しくなるので、炭素数2〜5が適当である。
さらに、Rは炭素数1〜40の炭化水素基であり、例えばメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、第三ブチル基、アミル基、イソアミル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、イソトリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソヘキサデシル基、オクタデシル基、イソオクタデシル基、オレイル基、オクチルドデシル基、ドコシル基、デシルテトラデシル基、ベンジル基、クレジル基、ブチルフェニル基、ジブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、ジオクチルフェニル基、ジノニルフェニル基、ナフチル基、スチレン化フェニル基などが挙げられる。
【0007】
前記一般式[1]において、a、b及びcはそれぞれ0又は1〜150の整数であり、150より大きいと粘度が高くなり製造が困難となる。mは1又は2で、mが1の場合は直線的な共重合体ができ、2より大きいと架橋した共重合体を形成しゲルが生成しやすくなる。また、pは1〜7の整数であり、nはm+n+p=2〜8及びn/(m+p)≦1/2の関係を満たす整数であり、0、1又は2である。nが2より大きいと重合反応中に酸とのエステルが生成しやすく、生成したエステルの一部の中には共重合体同士で架橋した構造をとったものがあり、その結果ゲルが生成しやすくなる。さらに、am+bn+cpは1以上でなけれはならず、特に1〜300が好ましい。am+bn+cpが300を超えると粘度が高くなり製造が困難となる。AO、AO及びAOで示されるオキシアルキレン基の炭素数と全体の付加モル数とRで示される炭化水素基との組合せにより、一般式[1]で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体は親水性にも疎水性にもすることができる。添加剤として、親水性、疎水性どちらでも有効であるが、スランプロス防止効果に着目した場合、ある程度水に溶ける共重合体の方が効果が大きい。したがって、AO、AO及びAOがオキシエチレン基単独の場合や他のオキシアルキレン基との混合物でオキシエチレン基が25モル%以上の場合に親水性となり好適である。
本発明においては、(A)成分として、前記(イ)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と(ロ)成分の無水マレイン酸との共重合体、その遊離酸型又は塩型共重合体が用いられる。ここで遊離酸型共重合体とは、共重合体中の無水マレイン酸単位が遊離のマレイン酸単位に置換されたものを意味し、また、塩型共重合体とは該マレイン酸単位が塩を形成したものを意味する。したがって、該遊離酸型共重合体は、前記(イ)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と無水マレイン酸とを共重合させたのち、加水分解して製造してもよいし、該ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体とマレイン酸とを共重合させて製造してもよい。また、塩型共重合体は、前記のようにして得られた遊離酸型共重合体を塩にすることにより製造してもよいし、該ポリオキシアルキレン誘導体とマレイン酸塩とを共重合させて製造してもよい。
【0008】
該塩型共重合体の塩としては、例えばリチウム塩、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩;マグネシウム塩、カルシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩;アンモニウム塩やさらに、有機アミン塩がある。有機アミン塩としては、メチルアミン塩、エチルアミン塩、プロピルアミン塩、ヘキシルアミン塩、オクチルアミン塩、2−エチルヘキシルアミン塩、デシルアミン塩、ドデシルアミン塩、イソトリデシルアミン塩、テトラデシルアミン塩、ヘキサデシルアミン塩、イソヘキサデシルアミン塩、オクタデシルアミン塩、イソオクタデシルアミン塩、オクチルドデシルアミン塩、ドコシルアミン塩、デシルテトラデシルアミン塩、ジメチルアミン塩、トリメチルアミン塩などの脂肪族アミン;エチレンジアミン塩、テトラメチレンジアミン塩、ドデシル−プロピレンジアミン塩、テトラデシル−プロピレンアミン塩、ジエチレントリアミン塩、トリエチレンテトラミン塩、テトラエチレンペンタミン塩、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン塩などの脂肪族ポリアミン塩;モノエタノールアミン塩、ジエタノールアミン塩、トリエタノールアミン塩、モノイソプロパノールアミン塩、ジイソプロパノールアミン塩、トリイソプロパノールアミン塩などのアルカノールアミン塩さらにこれらのアルキレンオキシド付加物の塩;シクロヘキシルアミン塩などの脂環式炭化水素アミン塩、アニリン塩などの芳香族のモノアミン塩などが挙げられる。これらのうち特にアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩及びアルカノールアミン塩が好ましい。
(A)成分の共重合体は、例えば(イ)一般式[1]で示されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と(ロ)無水マレイン酸又はマレイン酸又はマレイン酸塩とを過酸化物系開始剤あるいはアゾ系開始剤を用いて共重合させることにより容易に得ることができる。その際、スチレン、α−オレフィン、酢酸ビニルなどの他の共重合可能な成分を混合して共重合させてもよい。また、(イ)一般式[1]で示されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と(ロ)の無水マレイン酸又はマレイン酸又はマレイン酸塩との比率はモル比で、通常1:0.5ないし1:2.0であるが、より好ましくは1:0.9ないし1:1.2である。
【0009】
本発明のセメント用添加剤においては、(B)成分として一般式[2]
YO(RO)(CO)(RO)H …[2]
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体が用いられる。
上記一般式[2]において、Yは炭素数8〜22の炭化水素基であり、例えば2−エチルヘキシル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、トリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ペンタデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソヘキサデシル基、へプタデシル基、オクタデシル基、イソオクタデシル基、ノナデシル基、エイコシル基、オレイル基、オクチルドデシル基、ベヘニル基、ベンジル基、クレジル基、ブチルフェニル基、ジブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基などの飽和炭化水素基、不飽和炭化水素基、芳香族基、置換芳香族基などが挙げられる。この炭化水素基の炭化水素数が8未満では界面吸着力が弱くなり、十分な消泡効果が得られないし、22を超えると疎水性が大きくなりすぎて消泡性が悪くなる。特に好ましい炭化水素基は炭素数が12〜18の飽和又は不飽和のものである。
また、RO及びROはそれぞれオキシプロピレン基又はオキシブチレン基であり、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよい。さらに、d及びfはそれぞれ0又は1〜50の整数、eは1〜20の整数であり、かつd及びfが共に0であることはない。この条件が満たされない場合、疎水性と親水性とのバランスが悪くなり、消泡性の劣るものとなる。例えばd及びfが50を超えると疎水性が大きくなりすぎ、またeが20を超えると親水性が大きくなりすぎ、いずれの場合も消泡性が低下する。
【0010】
この(B)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の製造方法については特に制限はないが、例えば水酸基含有化合物にブチレンオキシドやプロピレンオキシドを付加させたのち、エチレンオキシドを付加させ、その後ブチレンオキシドやプロピレンオキシドをブロック状に付加させることによって製造することができる。
本発明のセメント用添加剤においては、前記(A)成分の共重合体100重量部に対し、(B)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を0.01〜5重量部の割合で配合することが必要である。この量が0.01重量部未満では消泡効果が十分に発揮されないし、5重量部を超えても著しい消泡効果の向上がみられない。本発明のセメント用添加剤は、通常セメントに対して0.01〜3重量%、好ましくは0.04〜1重量%の割合で添加される。この添加量が0.01重量%未満では本発明の効果であるスランプロス防止性及び減水性が改善されず、連行空気量を調整することができないし、3重量%を超えると本発明の効果は発揮されるが、凝結遅延など、作業性が悪くなるので好ましくない。
本発明のセメント用添加剤は、その性能を損なわない範囲において、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物塩、メラミンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合物塩、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムなどのポリカルボン酸系化合物などの他の添加剤、あるいは防錆剤、凝結促進剤、凝結遅延剤などを併用してもよい。
【0011】
【実施例】
次に実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。
実施例1〜16
第1表に示す(A)成分の共重合体と、第2表に示す(B)成分のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体とを、第3表に示す割合で混合し、セメント用添加剤を調製した。
この添加剤を用いてコンクリートによる試験を実施した。
配合組成、試験条件を次に示す。
配合組成
水 166kg/m
セメント 450kg/m
砂 681kg/m
砕石 1032kg/m
添加剤 第4表に示す種類と量
水/セメント比 36.9%
細骨材率 39.9%
上記の各成分を強制練りミキサーにとり、2分間練り混ぜたのち取り出し、スランプ及び空気量を測定した。その後、さらに可傾式ミキサーに移し、毎分2回転で混合し、30分後、60分後、90分後のスランプ値及び空気量を測定した。また凝結時間、圧縮強度についても測定を行い、これらの結果を第4表に示した。
【0012】
【表1】
Figure 0003588782
【0013】
[注]
1){ }内はランダム状付加体であることを示す。
2)COはオキシブチレン基を示す。
3)マレイン酸誘導体
MAn:無水マレイン酸
MA:マレイン酸
MANa:マレイン酸ナトリウム
MAA:マレイン酸アンモニウム
【0014】
【表2】
Figure 0003588782
【0015】
【表3】
Figure 0003588782
【0016】
比較例1〜4
次に示す化合物を比較例として、実施例1〜16と同様の試験を行った。その結果を第4表に示す。
比較例1 第1表に示す共重合体B
比較例2 第1表に示す共重合体C
比較例3 第1表に示す共重合体D
比較例4 第1表に示す共重合体Cに第2表に示すSを6重量%加えたもの
【0017】
【表4】
Figure 0003588782
【0018】
【表5】
Figure 0003588782
【0019】
以上の結果から、実施例2〜8と比較例1〜3の比較により、本発明の添加剤を加えたものは、空気量が少なくなっており、また圧縮強度が大きくなっている。したがって、本発明品は空気量を少なく最適に調整することができ、かつ、従来のポリカルボン系の共重合体のもつ高いスランプロス防止効果及び高い減水性を維持できる優れた添加剤であることが分かる。
また消泡効果のあるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体の量を共重合体に対し5重量%より多く添加した比較例4と本発明の実施例5を比較すると、すべての試験項目について同程度の値であるが、著しい消泡効果は得られていないことが分かる。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明のセメント用添加剤は特定のポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と無水マレイン酸との共重合体、その遊離酸型又は塩型共重合体と特定の消泡効果をもつポリオキシアルキレン誘導体とを有効成分として配合したものであって、セメントに添加し混練りしたとき、空気量の調整が容易で、かつ高いスランプロス防止効果及び高い減水性を有している。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a novel cement additive, and more particularly, to a cement additive which has high water-reduction and high slump loss prevention properties, and which can easily adjust the amount of air entrained during cement kneading.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As additives for cement compounds such as concrete and mortar, water reducing agents such as polycarboxylic acids, naphthalenesulfonic acids, melaminesulfonic acids, and ligninsulfonic acids have been used.
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for high strength concrete, and it has become necessary to reduce the amount of water in the concrete composition. Although the above-mentioned additives have an effect of reducing the amount of water in the concrete composition, they have a drawback that a decrease in the fluidity of the concrete composition which occurs with time, that is, a so-called slump loss cannot be avoided. In order to remedy this drawback, a copolymer having an excellent slump loss prevention effect and a large water reduction (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-285140) has been disclosed. There was a problem with too much.
In general, when a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent is added in an amount that gives a certain fluidity (in a concrete or the like, this is indicated by a slump value) to a cement composition, there is a problem that the amount of air is too large due to entrained air. . If the amount of air is too large, it will cause the compressive strength of the concrete to decrease.
In addition, there is a problem that the appearance quality of the molded product is deteriorated due to the inclusion of air bubbles. In order to solve this problem, a terminal esterified product of a polyoxyalkylene block copolymer has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-111950). It has been difficult to simultaneously adjust the amount of air.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a cement additive that has high water-reducing properties and high slump loss prevention properties, and that can easily adjust the amount of air entrained during cement kneading. It was done as.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to develop an additive for cement having the above-mentioned preferable properties, and as a result, a specific copolymer and a specific polyoxyalkylene derivative having an antifoaming effect have a predetermined ratio. The compound formulated in the above exhibits an excellent effect of preventing slump loss when used in cement, and has a large water reduction, and can adjust the amount of entrained air, giving a molded product with high compressive strength. The inventors have found and completed the present invention based on this finding.
That is, the present invention relates to (A) (a) the general formula [1]
Embedded image
Figure 0003588782
(In the formula, Z is a residue excluding the hydroxyl group of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and A 1 O, A 2 O, and A 3 O are each an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. X may be the same or different, X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated acyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a, b and c are each 0 or An integer of 1 to 150, m is 1 or 2, p is an integer of 1 to 7, and satisfies the following relationships: m + n + p = 2 to 8, n / (m + p) ≦ 1/2, and am + bn + cp ≧ 1.
With respect to 100 parts by weight of a copolymer of a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the formula (I) and maleic anhydride, and 100 parts by weight of a free acid type or salt type copolymer thereof,
YO (R 1 O) d ( C 2 H 4 O) e (R 2 O) f H ... [2]
(Y in the formula is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 O and R 2 O are each an oxypropylene group or an oxybutylene group, which may be the same or different, d and f Is 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, and e is an integer of 1 to 20, but d and f are not both 0.
The present invention provides an additive for cement containing as an active ingredient a mixture of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the following formula:
[0005]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The polyoxyalkylene derivative of the component (a) used as a raw material of the component (A) in the additive for cement of the present invention has the general formula [1]:
Embedded image
Figure 0003588782
It has a structure of
In the above general formula [1], Z is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, excluding the hydroxyl groups. Examples of the compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups include polyphenols such as catechol, resorcin, hydroquinone, and phloroglucin; ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dodecylene glycol, octadecylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, Styrene glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, polyglycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbide, sorbitol-glycerin condensate, adonitol , Arabitol, xylitol, polyhydric alcohols such as mannitol; xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, Kutosu, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, oxalic sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, sugars such as melezitose; and further their partially etherified products and partially esterified products thereof.
[0006]
A 1 O, A 2 O and A 3 O are each an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, for example, an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, an oxybutylene group, an oxytetramethylene group, an oxystyrene group, an oxide Examples thereof include a decylene group, an oxytetradecylene group, an oxyhexadecylene group, and an oxyoctadecylene group. Of these, an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of good copolymerization reactivity.
The A 1 O, A 2 O and A 3 O may be the same or different. X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated acyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, for example, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a methallyl group, a 4-pentenyl group, a 3-methyl-3-butenyl group, an acryl group, a methacryl group And the like. The number of carbon atoms of X is related to the polymerizability, and if the number of carbon atoms exceeds 5, the polymerizability becomes poor.
Further, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an amyl group, an isoamyl group, a hexyl group, and a heptyl group. Group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, isotridecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group, isohexadecyl group, octadecyl group, isooctadecyl group, oleyl group, octyldodecyl group, Docosyl, decyltetradecyl, benzyl, cresyl, butylphenyl, dibutylphenyl, octylphenyl, nonylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, dioctylphenyl, dinonylphenyl, naphthyl, styrenated phenyl And the like.
[0007]
In the general formula [1], a, b and c are each 0 or an integer of 1 to 150, and if it is larger than 150, the viscosity becomes high and the production becomes difficult. m is 1 or 2, and when m is 1, a linear copolymer can be formed. When it is larger than 2, a crosslinked copolymer is formed and a gel is easily formed. P is an integer of 1 to 7, n is an integer satisfying the relationship of m + n + p = 2 to 8 and n / (m + p) ≦ 1/2, and is 0, 1 or 2. When n is larger than 2, an ester with an acid is easily formed during the polymerization reaction, and some of the formed esters have a structure in which copolymers are cross-linked with each other. As a result, a gel is formed. It will be easier. Further, am + bn + cp must be 1 or more, and particularly preferably 1 to 300. When the value of am + bn + cp exceeds 300, the viscosity becomes high and the production becomes difficult. The combination of the number of carbon atoms of the oxyalkylene group represented by A 1 O, A 2 O and A 3 O, the total number of moles added, and the hydrocarbon group represented by R represents a polyoxy group represented by the general formula [1]. Alkylene derivatives can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic additives are effective as additives, but when attention is paid to the effect of preventing slump loss, copolymers that are soluble in water to some extent are more effective. Therefore, when A 1 O, A 2 O, and A 3 O are each an oxyethylene group alone or in a mixture with another oxyalkylene group and the oxyethylene group is 25 mol% or more, hydrophilicity is preferred.
In the present invention, as the component (A), a copolymer of the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the component (a) with the maleic anhydride of the component (b), or a free acid type or salt type copolymer thereof is used. Here, the free acid-type copolymer means one in which maleic anhydride units in the copolymer are replaced by free maleic acid units, and the salt-type copolymer means that the maleic acid units are salts. Means what is formed. Therefore, the free acid-type copolymer may be produced by copolymerizing the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the above-mentioned component (a) with maleic anhydride and then hydrolyzing it. It may be produced by copolymerizing maleic acid. Further, the salt-type copolymer may be produced by converting the free acid-type copolymer obtained as described above into a salt, or by copolymerizing the polyoxyalkylene derivative with a maleate. May be manufactured.
[0008]
Examples of the salt of the salt-type copolymer include an alkali metal salt such as a lithium salt, a sodium salt and a potassium salt; an alkaline earth metal salt such as a magnesium salt and a calcium salt; an ammonium salt and further an organic amine salt. Examples of the organic amine salt include a methylamine salt, an ethylamine salt, a propylamine salt, a hexylamine salt, an octylamine salt, a 2-ethylhexylamine salt, a decylamine salt, a dodecylamine salt, an isotridecylamine salt, a tetradecylamine salt, and a hexadecylamine salt. Aliphatic amines such as decylamine salt, isohexadecylamine salt, octadecylamine salt, isooctadecylamine salt, octyldodecylamine salt, docosylamine salt, decyltetradecylamine salt, dimethylamine salt, trimethylamine salt; ethylenediamine salt, tetramethylene Fats such as diamine salt, dodecyl-propylenediamine salt, tetradecyl-propyleneamine salt, diethylenetriamine salt, triethylenetetramine salt, tetraethylenepentamine salt and pentaethylenehexamine salt Polyamine salts; alkanolamine salts such as monoethanolamine salt, diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, monoisopropanolamine salt, diisopropanolamine salt and triisopropanolamine salt; and salts of alkylene oxide adducts thereof; cyclohexylamine salt and the like. Examples thereof include aromatic monoamine salts such as alicyclic hydrocarbon amine salts and aniline salts. Of these, alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and alkanolamine salts are particularly preferred.
The copolymer of the component (A) is, for example, (a) a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1] and (b) maleic anhydride or maleic acid or a maleic acid salt, a peroxide initiator or an azo compound. It can be easily obtained by copolymerization using a system initiator. At that time, other copolymerizable components such as styrene, α-olefin, and vinyl acetate may be mixed and copolymerized. The ratio of (a) the polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the general formula [1] to (b) maleic anhydride or maleic acid or maleate is usually 1: 0.5 to 1: 2 in molar ratio. And more preferably from 1: 0.9 to 1: 1.2.
[0009]
In the cement additive of the present invention, the component (B) is represented by the general formula [2]:
YO (R 1 O) d ( C 2 H 4 O) e (R 2 O) f H ... [2]
The polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by is used.
In the general formula [2], Y is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, such as 2-ethylhexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, and pentadecyl. Group, hexadecyl group, isohexadecyl group, heptadecyl group, octadecyl group, isooctadecyl group, nonadecyl group, eicosyl group, oleyl group, octyldodecyl group, behenyl group, benzyl group, cresyl group, butylphenyl group, dibutylphenyl group And saturated hydrocarbon groups such as octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group and dodecylphenyl group, unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, aromatic groups and substituted aromatic groups. If the number of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon group is less than 8, the interfacial adsorptive power becomes weak, and a sufficient defoaming effect cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 22, the hydrophobicity becomes too large and the defoaming property becomes poor. Particularly preferred hydrocarbon groups are those having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, which are saturated or unsaturated.
Further, R 1 O and R 2 O are an oxypropylene group or an oxybutylene group, respectively, and they may be the same or different. Further, d and f are each 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, e is an integer of 1 to 20, and both d and f are not 0. If this condition is not satisfied, the balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity will be poor, resulting in poor defoaming properties. For example, when d and f exceed 50, the hydrophobicity becomes too large, and when e exceeds 20, the hydrophilicity becomes too large, and in each case, the defoaming property decreases.
[0010]
The method for producing the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the component (B) is not particularly limited. For example, after adding butylene oxide or propylene oxide to a hydroxyl group-containing compound, ethylene oxide is added, and then butylene oxide or propylene oxide is blocked. It can be manufactured by adding in a shape.
In the additive for cement of the present invention, it is necessary to blend the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the component (B) in an amount of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer of the component (A). It is. If this amount is less than 0.01 part by weight, the defoaming effect is not sufficiently exhibited, and if it exceeds 5 parts by weight, no significant improvement in the defoaming effect is observed. The cement additive of the present invention is usually added at a rate of 0.01 to 3% by weight, preferably 0.04 to 1% by weight, based on the cement. If the amount is less than 0.01% by weight, the effects of the present invention such as slump loss prevention and water reduction are not improved, and the amount of entrained air cannot be adjusted. Is exhibited, but workability such as setting delay is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
Additives for cement of the present invention, within the range not impairing its performance, naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate salt, melamine sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate salt, other additives such as polycarboxylic acid compounds such as sodium polyacrylate Alternatively, a rust preventive, a setting accelerator, a setting retarder, or the like may be used in combination.
[0011]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples 1 to 16
The copolymer of the component (A) shown in Table 1 and the polyoxyalkylene derivative of the component (B) shown in Table 2 were mixed at the ratio shown in Table 3 to prepare an additive for cement.
A test with concrete was performed using this additive.
The composition and test conditions are shown below.
Blending composition water 166kg / m 3
Cement 450kg / m 3
Sand 681kg / m 3
Crushed 1032kg / m 3
Additives Types and amounts shown in Table 4 Water / cement ratio 36.9%
Fine aggregate rate 39.9%
Each of the above-mentioned components was placed in a forced kneading mixer, kneaded and mixed for 2 minutes, taken out, and the slump and the amount of air were measured. Thereafter, the mixture was further transferred to a tiltable mixer and mixed at two revolutions per minute, and the slump value and the air amount were measured after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The setting time and compressive strength were also measured, and the results are shown in Table 4.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003588782
[0013]
[note]
1) {} indicates that the product is a random addition product.
2) C 4 H 8 O represents an oxybutylene group.
3) Maleic acid derivative MAn: maleic anhydride MA: maleic acid MANa: sodium maleate MAA: ammonium maleate
[Table 2]
Figure 0003588782
[0015]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003588782
[0016]
Comparative Examples 1-4
The same tests as in Examples 1 to 16 were performed using the following compounds as comparative examples. Table 4 shows the results.
Comparative Example 1 Copolymer B shown in Table 1
Comparative Example 2 Copolymer C shown in Table 1
Comparative Example 3 Copolymer D shown in Table 1
Comparative Example 4 Copolymer C shown in Table 1 and 6% by weight of S shown in Table 2 were added.
[Table 4]
Figure 0003588782
[0018]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003588782
[0019]
From the above results, by comparison of Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, those to which the additive of the present invention was added had a smaller amount of air and a higher compressive strength. Therefore, the product of the present invention is an excellent additive that can be adjusted optimally with a small amount of air and that can maintain the high slump loss preventing effect and the high water-reducing property of the conventional polycarboxylic copolymer. I understand.
Further, when Comparative Example 4 in which the amount of the polyoxyalkylene derivative having an antifoaming effect was added in an amount of more than 5% by weight based on the copolymer was compared with Example 5 of the present invention, the values were almost the same for all test items. However, it can be seen that a remarkable defoaming effect was not obtained.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
The cement additive of the present invention comprises a copolymer of a specific polyoxyalkylene derivative and maleic anhydride, a free acid type or salt type copolymer thereof, and a polyoxyalkylene derivative having a specific defoaming effect as an active ingredient. When added to cement and kneaded, the amount of air is easily adjusted, and it has a high slump loss preventing effect and a high water reducing property.

Claims (2)

(A)(イ)一般式[1]
Figure 0003588782
(式中のZは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の水酸基を除いた残基、AO、AO及びAOはそれぞれ炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基であり、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、Xは炭素数2〜5の不飽和炭化水素基又は不飽和アシル基、Rは炭素数1〜40の炭化水素基、a、b及びcはそれぞれ0又は1〜150の整数、mは1又は2、pは1〜7の整数であり、かつm+n+p=2〜8、n/(m+p)≦1/2及びam+bn+cp≧1の関係を満たす。)
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体と(ロ)無水マレイン酸との共重合体、その遊離酸型又は塩型共重合体100重量部に対し、(B)一般式[2]
YO(RO)(CO)(RO)H …[2]
(式中のYは炭素数8〜22の炭化水素基、RO及びROはそれぞれオキシプロピレン基又はオキシブチレン基であり、それらはたがいに同一でも異なっていてもよく、d及びfはそれぞれ0又は1〜50の整数、eは1〜20の整数であるが、d及びfが共に0であることはない)
で表されるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体0.01〜5重量部を配合したものを有効成分とするセメント用添加剤。
(A) (a) General formula [1]
Figure 0003588782
(In the formula, Z is a residue excluding the hydroxyl group of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and A 1 O, A 2 O, and A 3 O are each an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. X may be the same or different, X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated acyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, a, b and c are each 0 or An integer of 1 to 150, m is 1 or 2, p is an integer of 1 to 7, and satisfies the following relationships: m + n + p = 2 to 8, n / (m + p) ≦ 1/2, and am + bn + cp ≧ 1.
With respect to 100 parts by weight of a copolymer of a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the formula (I) and maleic anhydride, and 100 parts by weight of a free acid type or salt type copolymer thereof,
YO (R 1 O) d ( C 2 H 4 O) e (R 2 O) f H ... [2]
(Y in the formula is a hydrocarbon group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 O and R 2 O are each an oxypropylene group or an oxybutylene group, which may be the same or different, d and f Is 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, and e is an integer of 1 to 20, but d and f are not both 0.
An additive for cement comprising as an active ingredient a mixture of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a polyoxyalkylene derivative represented by the formula:
(B)成分の一般式[2]において、Yが炭素数12〜18の飽和又は不飽和の炭化水素基である請求項1記載のセメント用添加剤。The additive for cement according to claim 1, wherein in the general formula [2] of the component (B), Y is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
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WO2002014237A1 (en) 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Cement admixture and cement composition
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EP1361233B1 (en) 2000-12-27 2008-12-03 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Polycarboxylic acid type copolymer, method for producing the same, cement additive and cement composition
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