JP3586888B2 - Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3586888B2
JP3586888B2 JP13446994A JP13446994A JP3586888B2 JP 3586888 B2 JP3586888 B2 JP 3586888B2 JP 13446994 A JP13446994 A JP 13446994A JP 13446994 A JP13446994 A JP 13446994A JP 3586888 B2 JP3586888 B2 JP 3586888B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
annular body
quenching
deformation
outer diameter
inner diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP13446994A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH083630A (en
Inventor
滋 沖田
和夫 早川
友行 奥谷
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NSK Ltd
Original Assignee
NSK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NSK Ltd filed Critical NSK Ltd
Priority to JP13446994A priority Critical patent/JP3586888B2/en
Publication of JPH083630A publication Critical patent/JPH083630A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3586888B2 publication Critical patent/JP3586888B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法及び装置に関わり、特に、転がり軸受などに使用される鋼の環状体を焼入れて最終製品を製造する環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法及び装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、転がり軸受に使用されている一般的な素材としては、炭素(C)含有量が、例えば1重量%の軸受鋼や、炭素含有量が、0.2重量%の肌焼鋼などが挙げられる。
前記のような軸受鋼や肌焼鋼などから構成される環状体は、熱処理(特に、焼入れ処理)により、その形状が変形することが知られている。
【0003】
図1は炭素含有量の違いによる鋼の焼入時(冷却時)における径寸法の変化のしかたの違いを概略で示したものである。マルテンサイト変態による膨張が熱収縮を上回る見かけ上の膨張開始点以後の膨張の割合が、炭素含有量の増加に伴い高くなることがわかる。
さらに、浸炭または浸炭窒化処理を行ったものでは表層部と心部とで変態による膨張収縮のタイミングも異なる。
【0004】
そこで、前記軸受鋼のように、炭素含有量が高く、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理を施すことなく、あるいは、浸炭処理および浸炭窒化処理を施さずに焼入れ処理を行うことで、表面から心部まで所望の硬さが均一に得られる鋼(以下、『完全硬化鋼』という)を使用した環状体の場合には、図1に示した通りマルテンサイト変態による膨張量が大きく、当該環状体の熱処理による変形を矯正する方法として、後で理由を述べるように膨張開始後当該環状体を外径側から拘束する方法(以下、『外径拘束』という)により変形矯正が効果的に行われる。
【0005】
なお、本発明では、浸炭処理または浸炭窒化処理のいずれか一方を施すか、あるいは、浸炭処理および浸炭窒化処理の両方を施すことを、以下、『浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施す』ということにする。
一方、前記肌焼鋼のように、炭素含有量が低く、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した後に焼入れ処理を行うことで、表面に所望の硬さを得る鋼を使用した環状体の場合には、膨張開始点後の膨張量も小さく、心部と表層部との変態のタイミングのずれもあり、後述するように外径拘束ではうまく矯正できない。そこで、当該環状体の熱処理による変形を矯正する方法として、当該環状体を内径側から拘束する方法(以下、『内径拘束』という)が行われている。
【0006】
ここで、前記肌焼鋼は、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施すことで、焼入れ時に圧縮残留応力が発生し、その疲労強度が向上する特性を備えている。また、前記肌焼鋼は、素材としては炭素含有量が低いので、前加工工程を容易に行えるという利点がある。
しかしながら、肌焼鋼は、完全硬化鋼と比較すると、浸炭処理や浸炭窒化処理を行う分、手間やコストがかかるという問題もある。
【0007】
そこで、近年では、前記コストの増加を抑制することができる素材として、浸炭処理時間または浸炭窒化処理時間を減らしても、表面に所望の硬さを得ることができる中炭素鋼(炭素を0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下の範囲内で含有する)が、転がり軸受をはじめとした疲労強度が必要とされる各機械部品に使用されてきている。
【0008】
また、前記環状体の焼入れ変形矯正技術としては、特開平3−44421号公報、特開昭62−37315号公報、特公昭58−31369号公報および実公昭55−13405号公報などに開示された従来例がある。これらの従来例では、肌焼鋼に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものや、完全硬化させるものも、全て同一方法、すなわち、外径拘束か内径拘束のいずれか一方を施すことで環状体の変形矯正を行っている。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前記特開平3−44421号公報、特開昭62−37315号公報、特公昭58−31369号公報および実公昭55−13405号公報などに開示されている従来例では、肌焼鋼に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した環状体や、完全硬化させた環状体など、種々の素材から構成されている環状体に、全て同一の方法(外径拘束、内径拘束のうちのいずれか一方)で焼入れ変形矯正を行っているため、得られた種々の環状体に適した効率のよい変形矯正を行うことが非常に困難であるという問題がある。
【0010】
また、特に素材の炭素含有量が、0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下である中炭素鋼に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材から構成された環状体は、図1に示したように、膨張開始点後の膨張量が高炭素鋼(軸受鋼)と低炭素鋼(肌焼鋼)との中間程度であること、およびその表面と心部とで変態するタイミングが異なるということのため、従来の方法では最適な変形矯正を行うことができないという問題がある。
【0011】
すなわち、膨張開始点後外径拘束により変形矯正を行おうとしてもこの時点では心部は変態を終了し、弾性変形に移行していること、さらにまた、中炭素鋼は、変態膨張量が完全硬化鋼より少ないため、十分な変形矯正を行うことができない。
一方、前記中炭素鋼に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材から構成された環状体に、内径拘束を行った場合には、当該環状体は、肌焼鋼から構成された環状体より変態膨張量が大きいため、変形矯正後の膨張による変形が発生するという欠点がある。従って、中炭素鋼に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材から構成された環状体に、完全な変形矯正を行うことができないという問題がある。
【0012】
このように、前記中炭素鋼は、浸炭処理時間または浸炭窒化処理時間を減らしても、表面に所望の硬さを得ることができるという利点がある反面、十分な変形矯正ができないという問題がある。
そして、特に、熱処理後に研削処理を行う転がり軸受では、熱処理変形は研削コストを著しく増加させてしまうと共に、取り代が不均一になり、品質のバラツキを発生させる虞れもある。
【0013】
本発明は、このような従来の問題点を解決することを課題とするものであり、マルテンサイト変態を伴う鋼に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材から構成された環状体に一回の変形矯正を行うことで、十分な変形矯正を行うことが可能な環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法及び装置を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この目的を達成するために、請求項1に係る発明は、マルテンサイト変態を伴う炭素含有量が0.2重量%以上、1.0重量%以下である鋼からなる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法に関するものであって、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側から内径拘束冶具にて内径拘束による変形矯正を開始する第一工程と、前記第一工程に連続して、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前までに、該環状体の外径側から外径拘束冶具にて外径拘束による変形矯正を開始する第二工程と、を含むことを特徴とする環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法を提供するものである。
また、前記環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法において、前記第二工程後あるいはこれと同時に前記内径側および外径側から同時に拘束するようにしてもよい。
請求項2に係る発明は、上記請求項1に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法において、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材を用いるようにした。
請求項3に係る発明は、上記請求項1又は2に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法において、前記第1工程は、焼入れ開始温度から800℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側から拘束を開始する
請求項4に係る発明は、上記請求項1又は2に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法において、前記環状体を形成する前記鋼の炭素含有量は、0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下とした。
請求項5に係る発明は、請求項1〜4に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法において、前記第1工程は、前記環状体の内径側を拘束するとともに、前記環状体の幅方向の移動をも拘束するようにした。
【0015】
上記目的を達成するために、請求項6に係る発明は、マルテンサイト変態を伴う炭素含有量が0.2重量%以上、1.0重量%以下である鋼からなる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置であって、焼入れ開始温度に加熱された前記環状体が載置される環状体載置部と、前記環状体の内径側を拘束し変形矯正を行う内径拘束冶具と、前記環状体の外径側を拘束し変形矯正を行う外径拘束冶具と、焼入れ剤を収容する焼入れ槽と、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に前記環状体載置部上に載置された前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束冶具を係合させる第1移動手段と、前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束冶具を係合した状態のまま前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させる第2移動手段と、前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽の外部と内部との間で移動させる第3移動手段と、を備え、前記第1移動手段及び第2移動手段は、前記内径拘束冶具及び外径拘束冶具を各々独立して移動可能且つ各々同時に移動可能となっていることを特徴とする。
請求項7に係る発明は、請求項6記載に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記第1移動手段は、焼入れ開始温度から800℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束部材を係合させるようにした。
請求項8に係る発明は、請求項6又は7記載に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体の温度が600℃未満になったときに、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようにした。
請求項9に係る発明は、請求項7記載に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体の温度が800℃未満になったときに、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようにした。
請求項10に係る発明は、請求項6〜9に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記第1移動手段が前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽内に向けて押圧する力は、前記第3移動手段が前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽外に向けて押圧する力よりも大きいものである。
請求項11に係る発明は、請求項6〜10に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体が前記焼入れ槽に入った後に、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようになっている。
請求項12に係る発明は、請求項6〜11に係る発明である環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置において、前記環状体の形状矯正が終了した際には、前記第1移動手段よりも前記第2移動手段を先に後退させるようになっている。
【0016】
【作用】
本発明によれば、マルテンサイト変態を伴う鋼からなる環状体を焼入れ変形矯正する際に、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間、すなわち、600℃以上、焼入れ開始温度以下の温度範囲にある際に、環状体の内径側から拘束を開始し、これに連続して、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前までに、外径側から拘束を開始する方法をとっているため、一回の変形矯正で、前記環状体に、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の特性が十分に付与され、前記環状体に十分な変形矯正が行える。
【0017】
以下、この理由を説明する。
転がり軸受に使用されている肌焼鋼(炭素含有量=0.2重量%)に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものは、焼入れ時に、その心部は、表面層に比べて早く変態し始め、変態が進むにしたがって、弾性力を持つようになる。このため、心部のマルテンサイト変態開始点(Ms点)またはその付近まで温度が低下してから変形矯正を始めた場合には、環状体の全周(表層部)が変形矯正されても、心部は、弾性変形が支配的になっており、焼入れ完了後に変形矯正冶具を取り外すと、ほとんど変形矯正前の状態に戻ってしまう。
【0018】
すなわち、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材に、内径拘束方式で変形矯正を行う場合には、収縮小のできるだけ高温時から変形矯正を開始し、環状体の収縮と共に、なるべく変態が少ない間に変形矯正することが要求される。
図2は、従来の内径拘束による焼入れ処理後の変形率(%)と内径拘束開始温度(変形矯正開始温度)(℃)との関係を示す図である。
【0019】
鋼の変形率は、環状体の外径と、当該外径の真円度との比である。図3に示すように、各種鋼(SCR420,SCR430,SCR440)の変形率(%)は、内径拘束開始温度(℃)が、600℃以下の場合は、変形率が急速に大きくなる、すなわち、変形矯正能力が急速に低下することが判る。
これより、本発明では、内径拘束開始温度(℃)を、600℃以上、焼入れ開始温度以下、の範囲(焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間)で行うように限定した。
【0020】
また、より精密な変形矯正を行うことが必要とされる場合には、内径拘束開始温度(℃)を、800℃以上、焼入れ開始温度以下、の範囲で行うことが好適である。
浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材に焼入れ処理を行い、変態硬化させた場合、当該素材の表面に圧縮残留応力が発生する。これは、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を行うと、表面部と内部で変態温度が異なり、内部の変態温度が高く表面部は低い。そのため、内部の変態膨張が表面部に先行して起こることで表面に圧縮残留応力が発生する(『金属熱処理技術便覧』第337頁、金属熱処理技術便覧編集委員会編、昭和44年8月31日発行)。
【0021】
熱処理後に研削加工を行う転がり軸受で、表面に圧縮残留応力があり、さらに変形が大きいものは、前記研削加工後に応力のバランスが変化して、再び変形してしまう。このようなものには、再研削しなければならない場合がある。現状では、環状体が焼入れ処理時に真円度がその直径の0.1%を越えた場合に、再研削を行う可能性が高くなる。
【0022】
図3は、従来の内径拘束による焼入れ処理後の変形率(%)と、素材に含有される炭素量(重量%)との関係を示す図である(変形矯正温度600℃の場合)。
素材の炭素含有量が、0.3重量%を越えている場合には、変形矯正が不十分となり、再研削を行う可能性が高くなる。
【0023】
変態膨張量は、焼入れ条件や成分の影響もあるが、おもに焼入れ時に固溶する炭素量によって変化する(『金属熱処理技術便覧』、第355頁、金属熱処理技術便覧編集委員会編、昭和44年8月31日発行)。
素材の炭素含有量が、0.3重量%以上であると、変態膨張量がさらに大きくなり、内径拘束方式で変形矯正を行う場合には、変形矯正後に当該素材が膨張して変形が発生してしまう。
【0024】
すなわち、素材に含まれる炭素量が、0.3重量%以上のものは、肌焼鋼の場合とは異なり、変態膨張量が大きくなりすぎて内径拘束のみでは、完全に変態矯正することができない。従って、本発明では、内径拘束に続いて外径拘束を行うようにした。
外径拘束方式では、Ms点以後、マルテンサイト変態による膨張時に変形矯正を開始して変形矯正を行う。この外径拘束方式では、変態途中に応力が加わると、容易に塑性変形を起こす変態誘起超塑性(以下、『トリップ現象』という)を利用して、環状体が変態膨張して変形矯正冶具にあたり、塑性変形していくことで変形矯正される(『鉄鋼便覧I基礎』、第522頁、日本鉄鋼協会編、昭和56年6月20日発行)。
【0025】
このため、軸受鋼など、素材に含有される炭素量が、1.0重量%程度の完全硬化鋼の場合、当該素材の表面と心部とが、ほぼ同時に変態することに加え、全体の固溶炭素含有量が高く、変態膨張量が大きいので、外径拘束方式を行うことが有効である。
一方、肌焼鋼に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものに対しては、心部の変態がほぼ終了しているので、心部の弾性力が強く、また、全体の変態膨張量が小さいので、外径拘束方式は、ほとんど変形矯正力がない。
【0026】
図4は、炭素含有量が、0.4重量%以上、0.8重量%以下の素材に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した環状体を焼入れた際に、従来の外径拘束方式で変形矯正した場合の変形率(%)と素材の炭素含有量(重量%)との関係を示す図である。
図4に示すように、炭素含有量が、0.7重量%以下になると、変形率(%)が急速に増加する、すなわち、変形矯正能力が急速に低下することが判る。
【0027】
つまり、炭素含有量が、0.7重量%以下の素材に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものは、変態膨張量が、完全硬化鋼より小さくなること、また、心部で変形矯正開始前に変態が進行してしまい弾力性を持つようになることから、外径拘束方式では、完全に変形矯正することができない。
そこで、本発明では、マルテンサイト変態を伴う素材(鋼)、特に、炭素含有量が、0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下の素材に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものは、肌焼鋼に浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものに比べ、全体の変態膨張量が大きくなること、さらに、心部の変態開始が表面層に比べて早いことに着眼し、600℃以上の温度から内径拘束を開始して変形矯正を行い、続いて、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前に、外径拘束を開始してトリップ現象による変形矯正を行うことにした。
【0028】
ここで、前記環状体に行う内径拘束は、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上(より好ましくは800℃以上)の温度の間に行うが、この時、冷却と同時に加圧矯正を加えると、さらに矯正効果が向上される。
また、炭素含有量が、0.3重量%付近にある環状体の変形矯正は、内径拘束が主流となり、外径拘束が内径拘束を補助するかたちとなる。一方、炭素含有量が、0.7重量%付近にある環状体の変形矯正は、内径拘束で補助的に変形矯正した後、外径拘束が主流となって変形矯正されるかたちとなる。
【0029】
すなわち、本発明では、一回の変形矯正で、従来の内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の特性を十分に活用させることができるため、従来では、十分な変形矯正が行えなかったマルテンサイト変態を伴う鋼、特に、中炭素鋼(炭素を0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下の範囲内で含有する)に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材から構成された環状体が、完全に変形矯正される。
【0030】
図5に本発明に係る変形矯正方法により、中炭素鋼に浸炭および/または浸炭窒化したものを変形矯正する場合の冷却時の寸法変化の様子の概略を示す。膨張開始点以後の外径拘束のみをしたとすると、さきにも述べたとおり、この時点では心部の変態はほぼ終了しており、拘束を行っても型を外すと心部の弾性力により、元に戻ってしまう。すなわち、変形矯正をしないのと同じことになってしまう。したがって、収縮中のできるだけ早い時点で内径拘束を開始する。これにより、型に沿って変形する(図のA点からB点)。
【0031】
その後何もしないとB点をすぎてからの膨張量が低炭素鋼の場合と異なり無視できない。B点以降、破線で示すフリーの場合の曲線と平行に膨張を開始し、変形を生じる原因となる。そこで、B点以後のできるだけ早い時点で今後は外径拘束を開始する(図のC点)。B点以降の膨張は、前述のように変態誘起超塑性を利用して変形矯正することができる(図のC点からD点)。このように、ほぼ外径拘束治具の内径面と同じ、歪みの小さな外径面を有する環状体が得られる。
【0032】
また、本発明にかかる変形矯正方法では、環状体の内径側と外径側の両方から変形矯正を行うため、焼入れによる環状体のねじれ変形の発生が最低限に抑えられる。
このねじれ変形は、環状体が焼入れ時に焼入れ冷却剤に浸漬される方向や、焼入れ油の攪拌状況や環状体の形状などによって発生するものである。そして、特に、円錐ころ軸受など、その肉厚が変化するものに浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものに発生しやすい。
【0033】
ここで、前記内径拘束に連続して行う外径拘束の開始温度が高すぎると、環状体が冶具と干渉する虞れがある。このため、外径拘束を開始するタイミングを図ることが要求されるが、通常の焼入れでは、数秒で200〜300℃まで油冷され、その後は、比較的ゆっくり冷却されるので、外径拘束を開始するタイミングは取りやすく問題はない。
【0034】
この環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法を実施する際に使用する環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置としては、上記請求項6乃至請求項13に記載された環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置を提供することができる。
【0035】
本発明に係る環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置では、外径拘束冶具と内径拘束冶具が、各々独立して移動可能且つ各々同時に移動可能であるため、たとえば、加熱された環状体の内径側に内径拘束冶具を係合させて、内径拘束を開始し、内径拘束しながら当該環状体を冷却する工程に続いて、前記内径拘束をしたまま前記環状体の外径側に外径拘束冶具を係合させて、外径拘束を開始し、前記内径拘束と外径拘束とを同時に行うことができる。
【0036】
前記内径拘束冶具および外径拘束冶具は、たとえば、円筒ころ軸受の内輪および外輪、円錐ころ軸受の内輪および外輪などのような、形状矯正を行う環状体の形状に応じた形状のものが使用される。また、内径拘束冶具および外径拘束冶具の形状を任意に変更することで、軸受の内輪や外輪以外の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正を行うこともできる。すなわち、内径拘束冶具および外径拘束冶具の形状を、変形矯正すべき環状体の形状により変更することで、あらゆる形状の環状体の形状矯正が行われる。
【0037】
また、前記内径拘束冶具および外径拘束冶具を着脱可能にすることで、焼入れ変形矯正すべき環状体に応じた内径拘束冶具および外径拘束冶具を簡単に交換することもできる。
そしてまた、前記内径拘束冶具に、環状体の上部と当接して環状体を係止する係止部を配設することで、焼入れ終了後の環状体が膨張して、その外径側が外径拘束冶具に拘束された状態にあっても、当該環状体は、前記係止部に係止された(ひかかった)状態となっているため、内径拘束冶具に対して外径拘束冶具を先に引き上げることができる。従って、前記環状体は、外径拘束冶具と内径拘束冶具との間から簡単に取り外される。
【0038】
このように、前記環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置を使用することで、従来の内径拘束と外径拘束の両方を行うことができ、前記環状体に、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の利点が同時に付与される。
【0039】
【実施例】
次に、本発明にかかる一実施例について説明する。本実施例は内周面がテーパ状に形成されている、例えば円錐ころ軸受の外輪を焼入れする場合の一例を示すものである。
図8は、本発明の実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の断面構成図、図9は、図8に示す環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の部分拡大図である。
【0040】
図8および図9に示す環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1は、架台30上に設置された焼入れ槽17と、焼入れ槽17の上方に配設され且つ図示しないフレームに固定された加圧シリンダ10と、加圧シリンダ10のピストンロッド13に移動可能に配設された外径拘束冶具14と、ピストンロッド13の下端に固定された内径拘束冶具15と、を含んで構成されている。外径拘束治具14の内径は、環状体16を内径拘束後、環状体16が膨張し始めるとまもなくその外径面が接触し、変形矯正(外径拘束)を行い得る大きさに仕上げられている。
【0041】
焼入れ槽17は、その上部の中央が、焼入れ槽17の上部から着脱可能な環状体載置部24となっている。この環状体載置部24には、形状矯正が行われる環状体16が載置される。本実施例においては、焼入れ冷却剤としては油が使用されている。前記環状体載置部24の中央部には、円形状の穴が開口されており、この穴の外周部には、下方から中空の円筒部材からなる焼入れ油配管20が設置されている。そして、焼入れ油配管20から供給される焼入れ油を環状体載置部24の穴から出すことができるようになっている。なお、焼入れ油配管20には、図示しない焼入れ油供給装置が接続されており、ここから焼入れ油配管に所望の焼入れ油が供給されるようになっている。そして、必要な時にのみ、環状体載置部24の穴から焼入れ油を出すことができるように、コントロールされている。
【0042】
この焼入れ油配管20には、焼入れ油配管20を上下運動させる第3移動手段としてのシリンダ装置21が接続されている。すなわち、シリンダ装置21のピストンロッド22に、焼入れ油配管20が取付けれており、ピストンロッド22が上下運動することで、焼入れ油配管20が上下運動するようになっている。ここで、前記環状体載置部24には、この焼入れ油配管20が配設されているため、環状体載置部24は、焼入れ油配管20の上下運動に応じて前記焼入れ槽17内を上下移動可能となる。
【0043】
また、前記焼入れ槽17には、図示しない焼入れ油供給装置から供給される焼入れ油を焼入れ槽17内に供給する焼入れ油噴出口18が複数設けられている。この焼入れ油噴出口18からは、焼入れ油が勢い良く噴出されるように供給される。なお、符号19は、焼入れ油の上面を示している。
前記加圧シリンダ10は、第1移動手段としてのメインプレスシリンダ11と、その下方に配設された第2移動手段としてのサブプレスシリンダ12とを備えている。この加圧シリンダ10のピストンロッド13は、メインプレスシリンダ11のピストンロッドであると同時に、サブプレスシリンダ12のピストンロッドでもある。このメインプレスシリンダ11およびサブプレスシリンダ12共に、空圧シリンダや油圧シリンダなど、種々のシリンダ装置が使用可能である。
【0044】
サブプレスシリンダ11の下面には、環状体16の外径側を拘束する外径拘束冶具14が着脱可能に固定されている。すなわち、この外径拘束冶具14は、後に詳述するが、サブプレスシリンダ11の動きに応じて、ピストンロッド13の軸方向に上下移動可能となっている。また、メインプレスシリンダ11およびサブプレスシリンダ12により外径拘束治具14および内径拘束治具15が最下点に達したときに、外径拘束治具14の底面および内径拘束治具15の底面と環状体載置部24との間には、すきまができるように構成されている。
【0045】
ピストンロッド13の下端には、環状体16の内径側を拘束する内径拘束冶具15が着脱可能に固定されている。
すなわち、外径拘束冶具14と内径拘束冶具15は、各々独立して移動可能となっていると共に、各々同時に移動可能となっている。
外径拘束冶具14および内径拘束冶具15の形状は、環状体16の形状に応じて決定される。本実施例では、図9に示すように、環状体16として、円錐ころ軸受の外輪を使用し、この外輪の形状矯正を行うことが可能な外径拘束冶具14および内径拘束冶具15を用いた。この内径拘束冶具15の外側(外径拘束冶具14側)には、環状体16の上部に当接し、該環状体16を係止する係止部25が設けられている。また、内径拘束治具15には、焼入れ油供給配管20から供給される焼入れ油が内部からワーク(環状体)内周面に焼入れ油を供給可能とするため、複数のスリットが設けられている。
【0046】
このように、前記外径拘束冶具14および内径拘束冶具15は、共に、着脱可能に固定されているため、他の形状を備えた外径拘束冶具および内径拘束冶具と簡単に交換することができる。
次に、本実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1の具体的動作について説明する。
【0047】
先ず、図8(1)では、環状体載置部24上の所定位置に、加熱された環状体16(ここでは、円錐ころ軸受の外輪)を載置する。この時、シリンダ装置21は作動状態で環状体載置部24は最上部にある。
次に、図8(2)では、メインプレスシリンダ11を作動し、ピストンロッド13を下降させ、前記環状体16の内径側に内径拘束冶具15をセットする。この時、同時に、サブプレスシリンダ12および外径拘束冶具14も、ピストンロッド13の下降に伴って下降する。
【0048】
次いで、図8(3)では、シリンダ装置21は作動状態を保っているが、メインプレスシリンダ11の下向きの力の方がシリンダ装置21の上向きの力より強いため押され、環状体を支えた状態でピストンロッド22および焼入れ油供給配管20が下降し、環状体載置部24上に載置された環状体16が焼入れ槽17内に入り、内径拘束を開始する。この時、焼入れ油供給配管20から焼入れ油を噴出させると共に、焼入れ油噴出口18から焼入れ油を噴出させる。なお、この内径拘束は、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に行った。ここまでの工程は数秒のレベルで行われた。
【0049】
次に、図8(4)では、図8(3)に引き続いて(スタートから数秒〜10数秒後)、サブプレスシリンダ12を作動し、外径拘束冶具14を下降させて環状体16の外径側に外径拘束冶具14をセットし、外径拘束を開始する。このようにして、内径拘束および外径拘束を同時に行う。なお、この外径拘束は、環状体16が変態により膨張する直前に行った。
【0050】
その後、環状体16の形状矯正が終了した際には、サブプレスシリンダ12の作動を停止し、外径拘束冶具14を引き上げて環状体16から外径拘束冶具14を取り外す。この時、環状体16は、膨張しており、その外径側が外径拘束冶具14に拘束された状態となっているが、環状体16は、内径拘束冶具15の係止部25により係止されているため、外径拘束冶具14を簡単に引き上げ、図8(3)の状態にすることができる。また、この状態では、環状体16は、内径拘束部材15に拘束されていないため、内径拘束冶具15を引き上げると、図8(1)の状態に戻る。
【0051】
このように、環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1を使用することで、従来の内径拘束と外径拘束の両方を行うことができ、環状体16に、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の利点同時に付与することができる。この結果、環状体に、十分な変形矯正を行うことが可能となる。次に、本実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1を使用して、以下に示す調査を行った。
【0052】
表1に示す組成の鋼種からなる環状体に、下記に示す熱処理(浸炭処理、焼入れ処理および焼戻し処理)を行う。

Figure 0003586888
但し、SUJ2には、浸炭処理は施さない。
【0053】
【表1】
Figure 0003586888
【0054】
次に、前記熱処理が施された各々の環状体(試験片)に、表2に示す変形矯正を行い、実施例1〜実施例16を得る。
次に、比較として、前記熱処理が施された各々の環状体(試験片)に、表3に示す変形矯正を行い、比較例17〜比較例43を得る。
なお、表2および表3に示す変形矯正方法の内容を以下に示す。
Figure 0003586888
次に、このようにして得られたそれぞれの試験片(実施例1〜実施例16、比較例17〜比較例43)の平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)を以下に示す方法で測定する。実施例1〜実施例16の平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)を表2に、比較例17〜比較例43の平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)を表3に示す。
【0055】
なお、前記傾斜は、焼入れ時に環状体が焼入れ油に浸漬される方向や、焼入れ油の攪拌状況や、環状体の形状によって発生するものである。特に、肉厚が変化する円錐ころ軸受などに、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施したものに発生しやすい。そして、熱処理後、研削を行う軸受などでは、傾斜の発生により研削工程に著しい支障が発生し、大きい傾斜があると研削不良が発生する場合もある。
(平均変形率測定方法)
試験片の最大径と最小径とを測定し、その差を真円度とする。この真円度を外輪外径(130mm)で割った値を、試験片の変形率(%)とする。測定数は、60個とし、その平均値をもって平均変形率(%)とした。
(傾斜量測定方法)
試験片の外周面で、上下の円弧部を除いた直線部の上端部と下端部における最大径と最小径とを測定する。この最大径部および最小径部における4か所での上下端部の差の平均をもって平均傾斜量(mm)とした。なお、前記上端部と下端部との距離は、18mmであった。
【0056】
【表2】
Figure 0003586888
【0057】
【表3】
Figure 0003586888
【0058】
表2および表3から、800℃から内径拘束を開始し、続けて試験片が変態により膨張する直前に外径拘束を行い、さらに内径拘束および外径拘束を同時に行って得たものと、600℃から内径拘束を開始し、続けて試験片が変態により膨張する直前に外径拘束を行い、さらに内径拘束および外径拘束を同時に行って得たもの(実施例1〜実施例16)は、平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)とも小さく、良好な結果が得られたことが判る。そして、特に、800℃から内径拘束を開始し、続けて試験片が変態により膨張する直前に外径拘束を行い、さらに内径拘束および外径拘束を同時に行って得たものの平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)が優れていたことが判る。
【0059】
これは、実施例1〜実施例16では、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の特性が十分に活用され、試験片に十分な変形矯正が行えたためである。
一方、比較例17〜比較例43は、平均変形率(%)および平均傾斜量(mm)とも実施例1〜実施例16に比べて大きくなったことが判る。
これは、比較例17〜比較例43では、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の特性が十分に活用されず、試験片に十分な変形矯正を行えなかったためである。
【0060】
図6に、内外800、内外600、内外500を行った試験片(素材)に含まれる炭素量(重量%)と、平均変形率(%)との関係を示す。
図6から、内径拘束開始温度が600℃以上で内外径拘束を行った場合、素材の素量が0.2重量%の肌焼鋼から0.3〜0.7重量%の中炭素鋼および1重量%の軸受鋼まで全ての場合で完全に変形矯正できることがわかる。ただし、内径拘束開始温度が500℃である場合(内外500)は内外径拘束を行っても素材の炭素量が比較的低く、内径拘束を主流として変形矯正を行う0.2〜0.6重量%では完全に変形矯正することができなかったことがわかる。
【0061】
図7に、各々の試験片の平均変形率(%)と、平均傾斜量(mm)との関係を示す。
図7から、内外800、内外600、内外500を行った試験片は、同一変形率に対して傾斜量が減少していることが判る。
なお、本実施例では、図8および図9に示す環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1を使用した場合について説明したが、これに限らず、本発明にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法は、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側から拘束を開始し、これに連続して、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前に、該環状体の外径側から拘束を開始する方法(その後本実施例のように内径側、外径側から同時に拘束してもよい)を行うことができれば、他の構造を備えた変形矯正装置を使用してもよいことは勿論である。
【0062】
また、本実施例で使用した環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1の構成要素である外径拘束冶具14および内径拘束冶具15は、図8および図9に示す構造の他、環状体の形状に応じて変更することが可能である。
たとえば、環状体が、円筒ころ軸受の外輪である場合には、図10に示すように、円筒ころ軸受の外輪である環状体16Aの内径側を拘束することが可能な形状を備えた内径拘束冶具15Aと、環状体16Aの外径側を拘束可能な外径拘束冶具14Aを使用すればよい。
【0063】
また、環状体が、円錐ころ軸受の内輪である場合には、図11に示すように、円筒ころ軸受の内輪である環状体16Bの内径側を拘束することが可能な形状を備えた内径拘束冶具15Bと、環状体16Bの外径側を拘束可能な外径拘束冶具14Bを使用すればよい。
さらにまた、前記環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置1は、軸受の内輪や外輪の焼入れ変形矯正を行うことができる他、外径拘束冶具14および内径拘束冶具15の形状を変更することで、他の形状を備えた環状体の焼入れ変径矯正を行うことが可能である。
【0064】
また、本実施例では、表1に示す組成の鋼種からなる環状体に、浸炭処理を行ったが、これに限らず、浸炭処理に替えて浸炭窒化処理を施してもよく、また、浸炭処理と浸炭窒化処理の両方を施してもよい。
また、上記実施例では、焼入れ冷却剤として焼入れ油を使用しているが、本発明において冷却剤の種類は問わず、油に代え水等としてもよいのは勿論である。
【0065】
【発明の効果】
以上説明してきたように、本発明にかかるマルテンサイト変態を伴う鋼からなる環状体を焼入れ変形矯正する際に、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間、すなわち、600℃以上、焼入れ開始温度以下の温度範囲にある際に、環状体の内径側から拘束を開始し、これに連続して、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前に、外径側から拘束を開始した後、当該環状体を内径側および外径側から同時に拘束することで、前記環状体に、内径拘束と外径拘束の両方の特性を十分に付与することができる。この結果、一回の変形矯正で、前記環状体に十分な変形矯正を行うことができ、傾斜の発生も最小限に抑えることができるという効果がある。
【0066】
また、内径拘束、外径拘束の両方を行えるため、広範囲の炭素含有量の鋼からなる環状体に対し、変形矯正を十分に行うことができる。特に従来、十分な変形矯正が不可能であった中炭素鋼についても本発明により、良好に変形矯正が可能であることが示された。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】鋼の焼入れ時における時間と寸法との関係を鋼の炭素含有量をパラメータとして示す図である。
【図2】従来の内径拘束による焼入れ処理後の変形率(%)と内径拘束開始温度(℃)との関係を示す図である。
【図3】従来の内径拘束による焼入れ処理後の変形率(%)と、素材に含有される炭素量(重量%)との関係を示す図である。
【図4】炭素含有量が、0.4重量%以上、0.8重量%以下の素材に、浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した環状体を焼入れた際に、従来の外径拘束方式で変形矯正した場合の変形率(%)と素材の炭素含有量(重量%)との関係を示す図である。
【図5】本発明による中炭素鋼の変形矯正の様子の概略を示す図である。
【図6】本発明の実施例にかかる内外800、内外600、内外500を行った試験片(素材)に含まれる炭素量(重量%)と平均変形率(%)との関係を示す図である。
【図7】本発明の実施例にかかる各々の試験片の平均変形率(%)と平均傾斜量(mm)との関係を示す図である。
【図8】本発明の実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の断面構成図である。
【図9】図8に示す環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の部分拡大図である。
【図10】本発明の他の実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の部分拡大断面図である。
【図11】本発明の他の実施例にかかる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置の部分拡大断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置
10 加圧シリンダ
11 メインプレスシリンダ
12 サブプレスシリンダ
13 ピストンロッド
14 外径拘束冶具
15 内径拘束冶具
16 環状体
17 焼入れ槽
20 焼入れ油供給配管
21 シリンダ装置
24 環状体載置部[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to a method for correcting quenching deformation of an annular body.And equipmentIn particular, a method for correcting the quenching deformation of an annular body for quenching an annular body of steel used for rolling bearings, etc. to produce a final productAnd equipmentAbout.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, general materials used for rolling bearings include a bearing steel having a carbon (C) content of, for example, 1% by weight, and a case hardening steel having a carbon content of 0.2% by weight. Can be
It is known that the shape of an annular body made of bearing steel, case hardened steel, or the like as described above is deformed by heat treatment (particularly, quenching).
[0003]
FIG. 1 schematically shows a difference in a method of changing a diameter dimension during quenching (cooling) of steel due to a difference in carbon content. It can be seen that the rate of expansion after the apparent expansion start point where expansion due to martensite transformation exceeds thermal shrinkage increases with increasing carbon content.
Further, in the case of carburizing or carbonitriding, the timing of expansion and contraction due to transformation is different between the surface layer portion and the core portion.
[0004]
Therefore, as in the bearing steel, the carbon content is high, and the quenching treatment is performed without performing carburizing treatment or carbonitriding treatment, or without performing carburizing treatment and carbonitriding treatment, from the surface to the core. In the case of an annular body using a steel capable of uniformly obtaining a desired hardness (hereinafter, referred to as “fully hardened steel”), the expansion amount due to martensitic transformation is large as shown in FIG. As a method of correcting the deformation due to the above, the deformation is effectively corrected by a method of restricting the annular body from the outer diameter side after the start of the expansion (hereinafter referred to as “outer diameter restriction”) as will be described later.
[0005]
In the present invention, performing one of the carburizing treatment and the carbonitriding treatment, or performing both the carburizing treatment and the carbonitriding treatment, is hereinafter referred to as “performing the carburizing treatment and / or the carbonitriding treatment”. I will.
On the other hand, as in the case hardened steel, a carbon material having a low carbon content is subjected to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment and then a quenching treatment is performed to thereby obtain a ring-shaped body using steel that obtains a desired hardness on the surface. In this case, the expansion amount after the expansion start point is small, and there is a shift in the timing of transformation between the core portion and the surface layer portion. Therefore, as a method of correcting deformation due to heat treatment of the annular body, a method of restraining the annular body from the inner diameter side (hereinafter, referred to as “inner diameter constraint”) is performed.
[0006]
Here, the case hardening steel is provided with a property of performing a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment to generate a compressive residual stress at the time of quenching, thereby improving the fatigue strength. Further, the case hardening steel has an advantage that the pre-processing step can be easily performed since the material has a low carbon content.
However, case hardening steel has a problem in that it requires more labor and cost because carburizing treatment and carbonitriding treatment are performed as compared with fully hardened steel.
[0007]
Therefore, in recent years, as a material capable of suppressing the increase in the cost, a medium-carbon steel (with a carbon content of 0. 0%) capable of obtaining a desired hardness on the surface even if the carburizing time or the carbonitriding time is reduced. In the range of 3% by weight or more and 0.7% by weight or less) has been used for various mechanical parts requiring fatigue strength such as rolling bearings.
[0008]
Techniques for correcting the quenching deformation of the annular body are disclosed in JP-A-3-44421, JP-A-62-37315, JP-B-58-31369, and JP-B-55-13405. There is a conventional example. In these conventional examples, the case-hardened steel subjected to the carburizing treatment and / or the carbonitriding treatment and the completely hardened one are all subjected to the same method, that is, either the outer diameter restriction or the inner diameter restriction is applied. Deformation correction of annular body.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional examples disclosed in JP-A-3-44421, JP-A-62-37315, JP-B-58-31369, and JP-B-55-13405, carburized steel is carburized. An annular body composed of various materials such as an annular body that has been subjected to a treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment or a fully cured annular body is subjected to the same method (one of outer diameter constraint and inner diameter constraint). On the other hand, since quenching deformation correction is performed in (1), there is a problem that it is very difficult to perform efficient deformation correction suitable for the obtained various annular bodies.
[0010]
Further, in particular, an annular body composed of a material obtained by performing a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment on a medium carbon steel having a carbon content of 0.3% by weight or more and 0.7% by weight or less, As shown in FIG. 1, the expansion amount after the expansion start point is about the middle between high-carbon steel (bearing steel) and low-carbon steel (case-hardened steel), and is transformed between the surface and the core. Since the timing is different, there is a problem that the conventional method cannot perform optimal deformation correction.
[0011]
In other words, even if the deformation is corrected by the outer diameter constraint after the expansion start point, the core has completed the transformation at this point and has shifted to the elastic deformation, and the transformation expansion of the medium carbon steel is complete. Since it is less than hardened steel, sufficient deformation correction cannot be performed.
On the other hand, when the inner ring is made of a material obtained by subjecting the medium carbon steel to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment, the inner ring is made of a case made of case-hardened steel. Since the amount of transformation expansion is larger, there is a disadvantage that deformation due to expansion after deformation correction occurs. Therefore, there is a problem that it is not possible to completely correct deformation of an annular body made of a material obtained by subjecting a medium carbon steel to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment.
[0012]
As described above, the medium carbon steel has an advantage that a desired hardness can be obtained on the surface even if the carburizing treatment time or the carbonitriding treatment time is reduced, but there is a problem that sufficient deformation correction cannot be performed. .
In particular, in a rolling bearing in which a grinding treatment is performed after a heat treatment, the heat treatment deformation significantly increases the grinding cost, and the machining allowance becomes non-uniform, which may cause a variation in quality.
[0013]
An object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an annular body made of a material that has been subjected to carburizing treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment to steel with martensitic transformation. A method of quenching deformation correction of an annular body that can perform sufficient deformation correction by performing a single deformation correctionAnd equipmentThe purpose is to provide.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, the invention according to claim 1 involves a martensitic transformation.The carbon content is 0.2% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or lessThe present invention relates to a method for correcting a quenching deformation of an annular body made of steel, and from a quenching start temperature to a temperature of 600 ° C. or more, from the inner diameter side of the annular body.Inner diameter with inner diameter restraining jigRestraintCorrectionStarting the first step, and continuously from the first step, until immediately before the annular body expands by transformation, from the outer diameter side of the annular bodyOuter diameter with outer diameter restraining jigRestraintCorrectionAnd a second step of starting quenching of the annular body.
Further, in the method for correcting the quenching deformation of the annular body, after the second step or simultaneously therewith, the annular body may be simultaneously restrained from the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side.
The invention according to claim 2 is a method for correcting quenching deformation of an annular body according to the invention according to claim 1,A material subjected to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment was used.
The invention according to claim 3 is a method for correcting the quenching deformation of an annular body according to the invention according to claim 1 or 2,In the first step, restraining is started from an inner diameter side of the annular body during a temperature of 800 ° C. or more from a quenching start temperature..
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the method for correcting the quenching deformation of the annular body according to the first or second aspect, the steel forming the annular body has a carbon content of 0.3% by weight or more and 0% by weight or less. 0.7% by weight or less.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the method for correcting the quenching deformation of the annular body according to the first to fourth aspects, the first step restrains an inner diameter side of the annular body and sets a width direction of the annular body. Movement is restricted.
[0015]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 6 involves a martensitic transformation.The carbon content is 0.2% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or lessA quenching deformation correction device for an annular body made of steel, wherein an annular body mounting portion on which the annular body heated to a quenching start temperature is mounted and an inner diameter side of the annular body are restrained.Perform deformation correctionInner diameter restraining jig, restraining the outer diameter side of the annular bodyPerform deformation correctionAn outer diameter restraining jig, a quenching tank containing a quenching agent,Between the quenching start temperature and 600 ° C or moreA first moving means for engaging the inner diameter restraining jig on the inner diameter side of the annular body placed on the annular body mounting portion; and a state in which the inner diameter restraining jig is engaged on the inner diameter side of the annular body. Second moving means for engaging the outer diameter restraining jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body as it is, third moving means for moving the annular body mounting portion between the outside and the inside of the quenching tank, Wherein the first moving means and the second moving means are capable of independently moving the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig, respectively, and being simultaneously movable.
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the annular quenching deformation correcting apparatus according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first moving means is configured to determine a quenching start temperature from the quenching start temperature.800 ° C or higherDuring the temperature, the inner diameter restraining member is engaged with the inner diameter side of the annular body.
The invention according to claim 8 isClaim 6 or 7In the annular body quenching deformation correction device according to the invention according to the description,The second moving means engages the outer diameter restricting jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body when the temperature of the annular body becomes lower than 600 ° C.
The invention according to claim 9 isClaim 7In the apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of an annular body according to the invention according to the above description, the second moving means may be configured such that the temperature of the annular body is lowerLess than 800 ° C, The outer diameter restricting jig is engaged with the outer diameter side of the annular body.
The invention according to claim 10 isClaims 6-9In the annular body quenching deformation correction device according to the invention according to the invention,The force by which the first moving means presses the annular body mounting portion toward the inside of the quenching tank is higher than the force by which the third moving means presses the annular body mounting portion toward the outside of the quenching tank. It is big.
The invention according to claim 11 isClaims 6 to 10In the annular body quenching deformation correction device according to the invention according to the invention,The second moving means engages the outer diameter restricting jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body after the annular body enters the quenching tank.
The invention according to claim 12 isClaims 6 to 11In the annular body quenching deformation correction device according to the invention according to the invention,When the shape correction of the annular body is completed, the second moving means is retracted earlier than the first moving means.
[0016]
[Action]
According to the present invention, when quenching deformation correction of an annular body made of steel accompanied by martensitic transformation, the temperature range between the quenching start temperature and 600 ° C or higher, that is, 600 ° C or higher and the quenching start temperature or lower. At one time, the restraint is started from the inner diameter side of the annular body, and continuously, immediately before the annular body expands due to the transformation.UntilAt the outer diameter side.StartWith this method, both the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint are sufficiently imparted to the annular body by a single deformation correction, and the annular body can be sufficiently deformed.
[0017]
Hereinafter, the reason will be described.
The case hardened steel (carbon content = 0.2% by weight) used for rolling bearings, which has been subjected to carburizing and / or carbonitriding, has a core portion that is hardened at the time of quenching compared to the surface layer. It begins to transform quickly and has elasticity as the transformation progresses. Therefore, if the deformation correction is started after the temperature is lowered to or near the martensitic transformation start point (Ms point) of the core, even if the entire circumference (surface layer) of the annular body is corrected, The elastic deformation of the core is dominant, and if the deformation correcting jig is removed after the completion of quenching, the state almost returns to the state before the deformation correction.
[0018]
In other words, when the material subjected to the carburizing treatment and / or the carbonitriding treatment is subjected to the deformation correction by the inner diameter constraining method, the deformation correction is started at a temperature as high as possible with a small shrinkage, and the transformation is preferably performed together with the contraction of the annular body. It is required to correct the deformation in a short time.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a deformation rate (%) after a conventional quenching process by inner diameter constraint and an inner diameter constraint start temperature (deformation correction start temperature) (° C.).
[0019]
The deformation rate of steel is the ratio between the outer diameter of the annular body and the roundness of the outer diameter. As shown in FIG. 3, the deformation rate (%) of various steels (SCR420, SCR430, SCR440) rapidly increases when the inner diameter constraint start temperature (° C) is 600 ° C or less, that is, It can be seen that the ability to correct deformation decreases rapidly.
Accordingly, in the present invention, the inner diameter restraining start temperature (° C.) is limited to be in a range of 600 ° C. or higher and a quenching start temperature or lower (between the quenching start temperature and 600 ° C. or higher).
[0020]
When it is necessary to perform more precise deformation correction, it is preferable that the inner diameter restraining start temperature (° C.) be in the range of 800 ° C. or higher and the quenching start temperature or lower.
When a material subjected to carburizing treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment is subjected to quenching treatment and transformation hardening, a compressive residual stress is generated on the surface of the material. When the carburizing treatment and / or the carbonitriding treatment is performed, the transformation temperature is different between the surface portion and the inside, and the transformation temperature inside is high and the surface portion is low. Therefore, compression deformation stress occurs on the surface due to the internal transformation expansion occurring prior to the surface portion ("Handbook of Metallic Heat Treatment Technology", page 337, edited by the Handbook of Metallic Heat Treatment Technology, edited by Committee, August 31, 1969). Date).
[0021]
A rolling bearing that undergoes grinding after heat treatment and has a compressive residual stress on its surface and that is significantly deformed changes the balance of stress after the grinding and deforms again. Such may require re-grinding. At present, if the circularity exceeds 0.1% of its diameter during the quenching process, the possibility of re-grinding increases.
[0022]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the deformation rate (%) after the conventional quenching treatment by inner diameter constraint and the amount of carbon (% by weight) contained in the material (when the deformation correction temperature is 600 ° C.).
If the carbon content of the material exceeds 0.3% by weight, deformation correction becomes insufficient and the possibility of performing re-grinding increases.
[0023]
Although the amount of transformation expansion is affected by the quenching conditions and components, it mainly depends on the amount of carbon dissolved during quenching ("Handbook of Metal Heat Treatment", p. 355, edited by the Handbook of Metal Heat Treatment Technology, edited in 1969. Issued on August 31).
When the carbon content of the material is 0.3% by weight or more, the amount of transformation expansion is further increased. When the deformation is corrected by the inner diameter constraining method, the material expands after the deformation is corrected, and deformation occurs. Would.
[0024]
That is, when the amount of carbon contained in the material is 0.3% by weight or more, unlike the case-hardened steel, the amount of transformation expansion becomes too large, and the transformation cannot be completely corrected only by restricting the inner diameter. . Therefore, in the present invention, the outer diameter constraint is performed after the inner diameter constraint.
In the outer diameter constrained method, after the Ms point, deformation correction is started by expansion correction due to martensite transformation, and deformation correction is performed. In this outer diameter constraining method, when a stress is applied during the transformation, the ring-shaped body transforms and expands by utilizing the transformation-induced superplasticity (hereinafter referred to as “trip phenomenon”), which easily causes plastic deformation. It is corrected by plastic deformation ("Iron and Steel Handbook I Basics", p. 522, edited by the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, published June 20, 1981).
[0025]
Therefore, in the case of fully hardened steel, such as bearing steel, in which the amount of carbon contained in the material is about 1.0% by weight, the surface and the core of the material are transformed almost simultaneously, Since the molten carbon content is high and the transformation expansion amount is large, it is effective to perform the outer diameter constraining method.
On the other hand, for the case-hardened steel that has been carburized and / or carbonitrided, the transformation of the core is almost complete, so the elasticity of the core is strong and the overall transformation expansion Due to the small volume, the outer diameter restraint method has little deformation correcting force.
[0026]
FIG. 4 shows a conventional outer diameter constrained when an annular body subjected to carburizing and / or carbonitriding is quenched into a material having a carbon content of 0.4% by weight or more and 0.8% by weight or less. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the deformation rate (%) at the time of deformation correction by the method, and the carbon content (weight%) of a raw material.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the carbon content becomes 0.7% by weight or less, the deformation rate (%) rapidly increases, that is,, StrangeIt can be seen that the shape correcting ability rapidly decreases.
[0027]
That is, when the material having a carbon content of 0.7% by weight or less is subjected to carburizing treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment, the transformation expansion amount becomes smaller than that of the fully hardened steel, and the core has a deformation correction. Since the transformation progresses before the start and the elasticity is increased, it is impossible to completely correct the deformation by the outer diameter restraint method.
Thus, in the present invention, a material (steel) accompanied by martensitic transformation, particularly a material having a carbon content of 0.3% by weight or more and 0.7% by weight or less is subjected to carburizing treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment. As for the case, the overall transformation expansion was larger than that of the case-hardened steel that had been carburized and / or carbonitrided, and the transformation of the core started earlier than the surface layer. The inner diameter restraint is started at a temperature of 600 ° C. or more to correct the deformation, and then immediately before the annular body expands due to the transformation, the outer diameter restraint is started to correct the deformation by the trip phenomenon.
[0028]
Here, the inner diameter constraint performed on the annular body is performed at a temperature of 600 ° C. or more (more preferably 800 ° C. or more) from the quenching start temperature. The effect is improved.
In the correction of deformation of an annular body having a carbon content of around 0.3% by weight, the inner diameter constraint is mainly used, and the outer diameter constraint assists the inner diameter constraint. On the other hand, the deformation correction of an annular body having a carbon content of about 0.7% by weight is performed such that after the deformation is assisted by the inner diameter restraint, the outer diameter restraint becomes the mainstream and the deformation is corrected.
[0029]
That is, in the present invention, since the characteristics of both the conventional inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint can be fully utilized in a single deformation correction, the martensitic transformation, in which conventional deformation correction was not sufficiently performed, can be performed. An annular steel made of a material obtained by subjecting a accompanying steel, particularly a medium-carbon steel (containing carbon in a range of 0.3% by weight or more and 0.7% by weight or less) to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment. The body is completely deformed.
[0030]
FIG. 5 schematically shows a dimensional change at the time of cooling when the carbonized and / or carbonitrided medium carbon steel is deformed and corrected by the deformation correcting method according to the present invention. If only the outer diameter was restricted after the expansion start point, as mentioned earlier, the transformation of the core was almost completed at this point, and even if the constraint was removed, if the mold was removed, the elastic force of the core would , I will return to the original. That is, it is the same as not performing the deformation correction. Therefore, the inner diameter constraint is started as early as possible during the contraction. This deforms along the mold (Fig.5From point A to point B).
[0031]
If nothing is done thereafter, the expansion after passing point B is not negligible unlike the case of low carbon steel. After point B, expansion starts in parallel with the free curve shown by the broken line, which causes deformation. Therefore, the outer diameter constraint is started in the future as soon as possible after the point B (see FIG.5C point). The expansion after point B can be corrected for deformation by utilizing transformation-induced superplasticity as described above (see FIG.5From point C to point D). In this way, an annular body having an outer diameter surface with a small distortion substantially the same as the inner diameter surface of the outer diameter restraining jig is obtained.
[0032]
Further, in the deformation correcting method according to the present invention, since deformation is corrected from both the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side of the annular body, the occurrence of torsional deformation of the annular body due to quenching can be minimized.
This torsional deformation is caused by the direction in which the annular body is immersed in the quenching coolant during quenching, the stirring state of the quenching oil, the shape of the annular body, and the like. In particular, it is liable to occur in a case in which a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment is performed on a member whose thickness changes, such as a tapered roller bearing.
[0033]
Here, if the start temperature of the outer diameter constraint performed continuously with the inner diameter constraint is too high, the annular body may interfere with the jig. For this reason, it is required to set the timing to start the outer diameter constraint. However, in normal quenching, the oil is cooled to 200 to 300 ° C. in a few seconds, and then cooled relatively slowly. The timing to start is easy and there is no problem.
[0034]
As a quenching deformation correction device for an annular body used when performing the method for quenching deformation correction of the annular body,Claim 6 to Claim 13An apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of an annular body can be provided.
[0035]
According to the present inventionIn the quenching deformation correcting apparatus for an annular body, the outer diameter restraining jig and the inner diameter restraining jig can move independently and simultaneously, respectively. Therefore, for example, the inner diameter restraining jig is engaged on the inner diameter side of the heated annular body. After the step of cooling the annular body while restraining the inner diameter, the outer diameter restraining jig is engaged with the outer diameter side of the annular body while the inner diameter is restrained, and the outer diameter is fixed. By starting the radial constraint, the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint can be performed simultaneously.
[0036]
As the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig, for example, those having a shape corresponding to the shape of an annular body for performing shape correction, such as an inner ring and an outer ring of a cylindrical roller bearing and an inner ring and an outer ring of a tapered roller bearing, are used. You. Also, by arbitrarily changing the shape of the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig, it is possible to correct the quenching deformation of an annular body other than the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing. In other words, by changing the shapes of the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig according to the shape of the annular body to be deformed, the shape of the annular body having any shape is corrected.
[0037]
Further, by making the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig detachable, the inner diameter restraining jig and the outer diameter restraining jig corresponding to the annular body to be quenched and deformed can be easily replaced.
In addition, by disposing a locking portion that abuts on the upper portion of the annular body and locks the annular body, the annular body after quenching is expanded, and the outer diameter side of the jig is reduced to the outer diameter. Even when the annular body is restrained by the restraining jig, the annular body is locked (latched) by the locking portion. Can be raised. Therefore, the annular body is easily removed from between the outer diameter restraining jig and the inner diameter restraining jig.
[0038]
As described above, by using the quenching deformation correcting device for the annular body, it is possible to perform both the conventional inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint, and the annular body has the advantages of both the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint. Granted at the same time.
[0039]
【Example】
Next, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described. This embodiment shows an example in which the inner peripheral surface is formed in a tapered shape, for example, when the outer ring of a tapered roller bearing is hardened.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional configuration view of a quenching deformation correcting apparatus for an annular body according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of the quenching deformation correcting apparatus for an annular body shown in FIG.
[0040]
An annular body quenching deformation correcting device 1 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 includes a quenching tank 17 installed on a gantry 30 and a pressure cylinder 10 disposed above the quenching tank 17 and fixed to a frame (not shown). And an outer diameter restraining jig 14 movably disposed on the piston rod 13 of the pressurizing cylinder 10 and an inner diameter restraining jig 15 fixed to the lower end of the piston rod 13. The inner diameter of the outer diameter restraining jig 14 is finished to a size that allows the outer diameter surface thereof to come into contact soon after the annular body 16 starts expanding after the inner diameter of the annular body 16 is restrained, and to perform deformation correction (outer diameter restraint). ing.
[0041]
The center of the upper part of the quenching tank 17 is an annular body mounting part 24 that can be detached from the upper part of the quenching tank 17. The annular body 16 on which the shape correction is performed is placed on the annular body mounting portion 24. In this embodiment, oil is used as the quenching coolant. A circular hole is opened at the center of the annular body mounting portion 24, and a quenching oil pipe 20 made of a hollow cylindrical member is installed from below on the outer periphery of the hole. Then, the quenching oil supplied from the quenching oil pipe 20 can be discharged from the hole of the annular body mounting portion 24. In addition, a quenching oil supply device (not shown) is connected to the quenching oil pipe 20, from which a desired quenching oil is supplied to the quenching oil pipe. The quenching oil is controlled so that quenching oil can be discharged from the hole of the annular body mounting portion 24 only when necessary.
[0042]
The quenching oil pipe 20 is moved up and down in the quenching oil pipe 20.As a third means of transportationThe cylinder device 21 is connected. That is, the quenching oil pipe 20 is attached to the piston rod 22 of the cylinder device 21.LaWhen the piston rod 22 moves up and down, the quenching oil pipe 20 moves up and down. Here, since the quenching oil pipe 20 is disposed in the annular body mounting section 24, the annular body mounting section 24 moves the inside of the quenching tank 17 according to the vertical movement of the quenching oil pipe 20. It can be moved up and down.
[0043]
The quenching tank 17 is provided with a plurality of quenching oil jets 18 for supplying quenching oil supplied from a quenching oil supply device (not shown) into the quenching tank 17. The quenched oil is supplied from the quenched oil outlet 18 so that the quenched oil is spouted vigorously. In addition, the code | symbol 19 has shown the upper surface of quenching oil.
The pressurizing cylinder 10 includes:As the first means of transportationMain press cylinder 11 and disposed below itAs a second means of transportationAnd a sub-press cylinder 12. The piston rod 13 of the pressurizing cylinder 10 is the piston rod of the main press cylinder 11 and the piston rod of the sub press cylinder 12 at the same time. Various cylinder devices such as a pneumatic cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder can be used for the main press cylinder 11 and the sub press cylinder 12.
[0044]
An outer diameter restraining jig 14 that restrains the outer diameter side of the annular body 16 is detachably fixed to the lower surface of the sub press cylinder 11. That is, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 is vertically movable in the axial direction of the piston rod 13 in accordance with the movement of the sub-press cylinder 11, as will be described in detail later. Also, when the outer pressurizing jig 14 and the inner pressurizing jig 15 reach the lowest point by the main press cylinder 11 and the sub press cylinder 12, the bottom surface of the outer pressurizing jig 14 and the bottom face of the inner pressurizing jig 15 are formed. It is configured such that there is a gap between the annular body mounting portion 24 and the annular body mounting portion 24.
[0045]
An inner diameter restraining jig 15 for restraining the inner diameter side of the annular body 16 is detachably fixed to a lower end of the piston rod 13.
That is, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 and the inner diameter restraining jig 15 can be independently moved, and can be simultaneously moved.
The shape of the outer diameter constraint jig 14 and the inner diameter constraint jig 15 is determined according to the shape of the annular body 16. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, an outer ring of a tapered roller bearing is used as the annular body 16, and an outer diameter restraining jig 14 and an inner diameter restraining jig 15 capable of correcting the shape of the outer ring are used. . Outside the inner diameter restraining jig 15 (on the outer diameter restraining jig 14 side), a locking portion 25 that abuts on the upper portion of the annular body 16 and locks the annular body 16 is provided. The inner diameter restraining jig 15 is provided with a plurality of slits so that the quenching oil supplied from the quenching oil supply pipe 20 can supply the quenching oil from the inside to the inner peripheral surface of the work (annular body). .
[0046]
As described above, since the outer diameter restraining jig 14 and the inner diameter restraining jig 15 are both detachably fixed, the outer diameter restraining jig and the inner diameter restraining jig having other shapes can be easily exchanged. .
Next, a specific operation of the quenching deformation correcting apparatus 1 for an annular body according to the present embodiment will be described.
[0047]
First, in FIG. 8A, the heated annular body 16 (here, the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing) is mounted at a predetermined position on the annular body mounting portion 24. At this time, the cylinder device 21 is in the operating state, and the annular body mounting portion 24 is at the uppermost position.
Next, in FIG. 8 (2), the main press cylinder 11 is operated, the piston rod 13 is lowered, and the inner diameter restriction jig 15 is set on the inner diameter side of the annular body 16. At this time, at the same time, the sub-press cylinder 12 and the outer diameter restraining jig 14 also descend with the lowering of the piston rod 13.
[0048]
Next, in FIG. 8 (3), although the cylinder device 21 maintains the operating state, the downward force of the main press cylinder 11 is stronger than the upward force of the cylinder device 21 so that the cylinder device 21 is pressed to support the annular body. In this state, the piston rod 22 and the quenching oil supply pipe 20 descend, and the annular body 16 placed on the annular body placing portion 24 enters the quenching tank 17 and starts to restrict the inner diameter. At this time, quenching oil is ejected from the quenching oil supply pipe 20 and quenching oil is ejected from the quenching oil outlet 18. This inner diameter constraint was performed between the quenching start temperature and the temperature of 600 ° C. or more. The steps so far were performed at a level of a few seconds.
[0049]
Next, in FIG. 8 (4), following FIG. 8 (3) (several seconds to several tens of seconds after the start), the sub-press cylinder 12 is operated, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 is lowered, and the outside of the annular body 16 is moved. The outer diameter restraining jig 14 is set on the radial side, and outer diameter restraining is started. In this way, the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint are performed simultaneously. This outer diameter restriction was performed immediately before the annular body 16 expanded due to the transformation.
[0050]
Thereafter, when the shape correction of the annular body 16 is completed, the operation of the sub press cylinder 12 is stopped, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 is pulled up, and the outer diameter restraining jig 14 is removed from the annular body 16. At this time, the annular body 16 is expanded and its outer diameter side is restrained by the outer diameter restraining jig 14, but the annular body 16 is locked by the locking portion 25 of the inner diameter restraining jig 15. Therefore, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 can be easily pulled up to the state shown in FIG. Further, in this state, since the annular body 16 is not restrained by the inner diameter restraining member 15, when the inner diameter restraining jig 15 is pulled up, the state returns to the state of FIG.
[0051]
As described above, by using the quenching deformation correcting device 1 for the annular body, both the conventional inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint can be performed, and the annular body 16 has the advantages of both the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint.ToCan be given at the same time. As a result, sufficient deformation correction can be performed on the annular body. Next, the following investigation was performed using the quenching deformation correcting apparatus 1 for an annular body according to the present example.
[0052]
The following heat treatment (carburizing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment) is performed on the annular body made of the steel type having the composition shown in Table 1.
Figure 0003586888
However, SUJ2 is not carburized.
[0053]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003586888
[0054]
Next, deformation correction shown in Table 2 is performed on each of the heat-treated annular bodies (test pieces) to obtain Examples 1 to 16.
Next, for comparison, deformation correction shown in Table 3 is performed on each of the heat-treated annular bodies (test pieces) to obtain Comparative Examples 17 to 43.
The contents of the deformation correcting methods shown in Tables 2 and 3 are shown below.
Figure 0003586888
Next, the average deformation rate (%) and the average inclination (mm) of each of the test pieces (Examples 1 to 16 and Comparative Examples 17 to 43) thus obtained are described below. Measure with Table 2 shows the average deformation ratio (%) and the average inclination amount (mm) of Examples 1 to 16, and Table 3 shows the average deformation ratio (%) and the average inclination amount (mm) of Comparative Examples 17 to 43. Shown in
[0055]
The inclination is caused by the direction in which the annular body is immersed in the quenching oil during quenching, the stirring state of the quenching oil, and the shape of the annular body. In particular, this is likely to occur in a case where a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment is performed on a tapered roller bearing or the like whose thickness changes. Then, in a bearing or the like that performs grinding after the heat treatment, the occurrence of the inclination causes a remarkable trouble in the grinding process, and a large inclination may cause poor grinding.
(Average deformation rate measurement method)
The maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the test piece are measured, and the difference is defined as the roundness. The value obtained by dividing the roundness by the outer diameter of the outer ring (130 mm) is defined as the deformation rate (%) of the test piece. The number of measurements was 60, and the average value was taken as the average deformation rate (%).
(Tilt amount measurement method)
On the outer peripheral surface of the test piece, the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter at the upper end and the lower end of the linear portion excluding the upper and lower arc portions are measured. The average of the difference between the upper and lower ends at the four positions in the maximum diameter portion and the minimum diameter portion was defined as an average inclination (mm). The distance between the upper end and the lower end was 18 mm.
[0056]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003586888
[0057]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003586888
[0058]
From Tables 2 and 3, the inner diameter restraint was started at 800 ° C., the outer diameter restraint was performed immediately before the test piece expanded due to the transformation, and the inner diameter restraint and the outer diameter restraint were simultaneously performed. The inner diameter constraint was started from ℃, the outer diameter was restrained immediately before the test piece expanded due to transformation, and the inner diameter restraint and the outer diameter restraint were simultaneously performed (Examples 1 to 16). Both the average deformation rate (%) and the average tilt amount (mm) are small, and it can be seen that good results were obtained. In particular, the inner diameter constraint is started from 800 ° C., the outer diameter is restrained immediately before the test piece expands due to the transformation, and the average deformation rate (%) is obtained by simultaneously performing the inner diameter restraint and the outer diameter restraint. It can be seen that the average inclination (mm) was excellent.
[0059]
This is because in Examples 1 to 16, the characteristics of both the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint were fully utilized, and sufficient deformation correction was performed on the test piece.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 17 to 43, it can be seen that both the average deformation rate (%) and the average amount of inclination (mm) were larger than those in Examples 1 to 16.
This is because in Comparative Examples 17 to 43, the characteristics of both the inner diameter constraint and the outer diameter constraint were not sufficiently utilized, and sufficient deformation correction could not be performed on the test piece.
[0060]
FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the amount of carbon (% by weight) contained in the test piece (material) subjected to the inside and outside 800, inside and outside 600, and inside and outside 500, and the average deformation rate (%).
From FIG. 6, when the inner and outer diameter constraints are performed when the inner diameter constraint start temperature is 600 ° C. or more, the materialCharcoalIt can be seen that deformation can be completely corrected in all cases from case hardening steel with an elemental amount of 0.2% by weight to medium carbon steel of 0.3 to 0.7% by weight and bearing steel of 1% by weight. However, when the inner diameter restraining start temperature is 500 ° C. (inner and outer 500), the carbon content of the material is relatively low even when the inner and outer diameter restraints are performed, and the deformation is corrected using the inner diameter restraint as a mainstream 0.2 to 0.6 weight. % Indicates that the deformation could not be completely corrected.
[0061]
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the average deformation rate (%) of each test piece and the average tilt amount (mm).
From FIG. 7, it can be seen that the test pieces subjected to the inside / outside 800, inside / outside 600, and inside / outside 500 have reduced inclination amounts with respect to the same deformation rate.
In this embodiment, the case where the quenching deformation correcting apparatus 1 for an annular body shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is used has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Between the start temperature and the temperature of 600 ° C. or more, restraining is started from the inner diameter side of the annular body, and subsequently, immediately before the annular body expands due to transformation, restraining is performed from the outer diameter side of the annular body. (Then, as in the present embodiment, the constraint may be simultaneously performed from the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side), a deformation correcting device having another structure may be used. It is.
[0062]
Further, the outer diameter restraining jig 14 and the inner diameter restraining jig 15 which are components of the quenching deformation correcting apparatus 1 for an annular body used in the present embodiment are different from the structure shown in FIGS. Can be changed.
For example, when the annular body is an outer ring of a cylindrical roller bearing, as shown in FIG. 10, an inner diameter restraint having a shape capable of restraining the inner diameter side of an annular body 16A which is an outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing. A jig 15A and an outer diameter restraining jig 14A that can restrain the outer diameter side of the annular body 16A may be used.
[0063]
When the annular body is an inner ring of a tapered roller bearing, as shown in FIG. 11, an inner diameter restraint having a shape capable of restraining the inner diameter side of an annular body 16B which is an inner ring of a cylindrical roller bearing. What is necessary is just to use the jig 15B and the outer diameter restraining jig 14B which can restrain the outer diameter side of the annular body 16B.
Furthermore, the annular body quenching deformation correcting device 1 can perform quenching deformation correction of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and can change the shape of the outer diameter restraining jig 14 and the inner diameter restraining jig 15 to obtain another shape. It is possible to perform quenching and deformation correction of an annular body having a shape.
[0064]
Further, in the present embodiment, the annular body made of the steel type having the composition shown in Table 1 was subjected to the carburizing treatment. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the carburizing treatment may be performed instead of the carburizing treatment. And carbonitriding.
Further, in the above embodiment, quenching oil is used as the quenching coolant, but it is a matter of course that water or the like may be used instead of oil in the present invention, regardless of the type of coolant.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when the quenching deformation of the annular body made of steel with martensitic transformation according to the present invention is corrected between the quenching start temperature and the temperature of 600 ° C. or more, that is, 600 ° C. or more, the quenching start temperature When in the following temperature range, restraining is started from the inner diameter side of the annular body, and immediately after this, immediately before the annular body expands due to transformation, after restraining is started from the outer diameter side, the annular body is started. Is simultaneously restricted from the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side, whereby both characteristics of the inner diameter restriction and the outer diameter restriction can be sufficiently imparted to the annular body. As a result, there is an effect that sufficient deformation correction can be performed on the annular body by a single deformation correction, and occurrence of inclination can be minimized.
[0066]
In addition, since both inner diameter constraint and outer diameter constraint can be performed, deformation correction can be sufficiently performed on an annular body made of steel having a wide range of carbon content. In particular, it has been shown that, according to the present invention, it is possible to satisfactorily correct deformation of medium-carbon steels in which sufficient deformation correction could not be conventionally performed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between time and dimensions during quenching of steel with the carbon content of steel as a parameter.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a deformation rate (%) after quenching treatment by a conventional inner diameter constraint and an inner diameter constraint start temperature (° C.).
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a deformation rate (%) after a conventional quenching treatment by inner diameter constraint and a carbon amount (% by weight) contained in a material.
FIG. 4 shows a conventional outer diameter constraint when an annular body subjected to carburizing treatment and / or carbonitriding treatment is quenched into a material having a carbon content of 0.4% by weight or more and 0.8% by weight or less. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the deformation rate (%) at the time of deformation correction by the method, and the carbon content (weight%) of a raw material.
FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state of deformation correction of a medium carbon steel according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of carbon (% by weight) contained in a test piece (material) subjected to inner and outer 800, inner and outer 600, and inner and outer 500 according to the example of the present invention and the average deformation rate (%). is there.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between an average deformation rate (%) and an average tilt amount (mm) of each test piece according to the example of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a ring-shaped quenching deformation correcting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a partially enlarged view of the quenching deformation correcting device for an annular body shown in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a device for correcting quenching deformation of an annular body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a quenching deformation correcting apparatus for an annular body according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Annealing device for quenching deformation correction
10 Pressure cylinder
11 Main press cylinder
12 Sub press cylinder
13 Piston rod
14 Outer diameter restraining jig
15 Inner diameter restraining jig
16 Ring
17 Quenching tank
20 Hardened oil supply piping
21 Cylinder device
24 Annular body mounting part

Claims (12)

マルテンサイト変態を伴う炭素含有量が0.2重量%以上、1.0重量%以下である鋼からなる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法に関するものであって、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側から内径拘束冶具にて内径拘束による変形矯正を開始する第一工程と、前記第一工程に連続して、前記環状体が変態により膨張する直前までに、該環状体の外径側から外径拘束冶具にて外径拘束による変形矯正を開始する第二工程と、を含むことを特徴とする環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法。The present invention relates to a method for correcting the quenching deformation of an annular body made of steel having a carbon content accompanied by martensitic transformation of 0.2% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, the temperature being 600 ° C. or more from the quenching start temperature. In the meantime, a first step of starting deformation correction by inner diameter restraint with an inner diameter restraining jig from the inner diameter side of the annular body, and immediately after the annular body expands by transformation, following the first step, A quenching deformation correction method for an annular body, comprising: starting deformation correction by outer diameter restriction using an outer diameter restraining jig from an outer diameter side of the annular body. 浸炭処理および/または浸炭窒化処理を施した素材を用いることを特徴とした請求項1記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法。 2. The method for correcting hardening deformation of an annular body according to claim 1, wherein a material subjected to a carburizing treatment and / or a carbonitriding treatment is used . 前記第1工程は、焼入れ開始温度から800℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側から拘束を開始する請求項1又は2記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法。The quenching deformation correcting method for an annular body according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein in the first step, the restraint is started from an inner diameter side of the annular body during a temperature of 800 ° C or more from a quenching start temperature . 前記環状体を形成する前記鋼の炭素含有量は、0.3重量%以上、0.7重量%以下である請求項1又は2記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法。The method for correcting hardening deformation of an annular body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon content of the steel forming the annular body is 0.3% by weight or more and 0.7% by weight or less. 前記第1工程は、前記環状体の内径側を拘束するとともに、前記環状体の幅方向の移動をも拘束する請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正方法。The quenching deformation correcting method for an annular body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first step restrains the inner diameter side of the annular body and also restrains movement of the annular body in a width direction. マルテンサイト変態を伴う炭素含有量が0.2重量%以上、1.0重量%以下である鋼からなる環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置であって、焼入れ開始温度に加熱された前記環状体が載置される環状体載置部と、前記環状体の内径側を拘束し変形矯正を行う内径拘束冶具と、前記環状体の外径側を拘束し変形矯正を行う外径拘束冶具と、焼入れ剤を収容する焼入れ槽と、焼入れ開始温度から600℃以上の温度の間に前記環状体載置部上に載置された前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束冶具を係合させる第1移動手段と、前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束冶具を係合した状態のまま前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させる第2移動手段と、前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽の外部と内部との間で移動させる第3移動手段と、を備え、前記第1移動手段及び第2移動手段は、前記内径拘束冶具及び外径拘束冶具を各々独立して移動可能且つ各々同時に移動可能となっていることを特徴とする環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。An apparatus for correcting the quenching deformation of an annular body made of steel having a carbon content accompanying martensitic transformation of 0.2% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, wherein the annular body heated to a quenching start temperature is mounted. An annular body mounting portion to be placed , an inner diameter restraining jig for restraining the inner diameter side of the annular body and correcting deformation, an outer diameter restraining jig for restraining the outer diameter side of the annular body and correcting deformation, and a quenching agent And a first moving means for engaging the inner diameter restraining jig with the inner diameter side of the annular body mounted on the annular body mounting portion during a temperature of 600 ° C. or more from the quenching start temperature. A second moving means for engaging the outer diameter restraining jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body while the inner diameter restraining jig is engaged with the inner diameter side of the annular body; and the annular body mounting portion. Third moving means for moving between the outside and the inside of the quenching tank. It said first moving means and second moving means, the inner diameter constraining jig and annular body hardening deformation correcting device, characterized in that are movable outer diameter constraining jigs each independently movable and each simultaneously a. 前記第1移動手段は、焼入れ開始温度から800℃以上の温度の間に、前記環状体の内径側に前記内径拘束部材を係合させるようになっている請求項6記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。7. The quenching deformation of the annular body according to claim 6, wherein the first moving means engages the inner diameter restraining member with the inner diameter side of the annular body during a temperature of 800 ° C. or more from a quenching start temperature. Straightening equipment. 前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体の温度が600℃未満になったときに、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようになっている請求項6又は請求項7に記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。 The said 2nd moving means is adapted to engage the outer diameter restricting jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body when the temperature of the annular body is lower than 600 属 C. 8. The quenching deformation correcting device for an annular body according to 7 . 前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体の温度が800℃未満になったときに、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようになっている請求項7記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。The annular structure according to claim 7, wherein the second moving means engages the outer diameter restraining jig with the outer diameter side of the annular body when the temperature of the annular body becomes lower than 800 ° C. A device to correct hardening deformation of the body. 前記第1移動手段が前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽内に向けて押圧する力は、前記第3移動手段が前記環状体載置部を前記焼入れ槽外に向けて押圧する力よりも大きい請求項6乃至請求項9のいずれかに記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。 The force by which the first moving means presses the annular body mounting portion toward the inside of the quenching tank is higher than the force by which the third moving means presses the annular body mounting portion toward the outside of the quenching tank. The quenching deformation correcting apparatus for an annular body according to any one of claims 6 to 9, which is large . 前記第2移動手段は、前記環状体が前記焼入れ槽に入った後に、前記環状体の外径側に前記外径拘束冶具を係合させるようになっている請求項6乃至請求項10のいずれかに記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。 The said 2nd moving means makes the said outer diameter restraint jig engage with the outer diameter side of the said annular body after the said annular body enters into the said quenching tank, Any of Claims 6 thru | or 10 characterized by the above-mentioned. hardening deformation correcting apparatus annulus crab according. 前記環状体の形状矯正が終了した際には、前記第1移動手段よりも前記第2移動手段を先に後退させるようになっている請求項6乃至請求項11のいずれかに記載の環状体の焼入れ変形矯正装置。 The annular body according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein when the shape correction of the annular body is completed, the second moving means is retracted earlier than the first moving means. Quenching deformation correction equipment.
JP13446994A 1994-06-16 1994-06-16 Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body Expired - Lifetime JP3586888B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13446994A JP3586888B2 (en) 1994-06-16 1994-06-16 Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13446994A JP3586888B2 (en) 1994-06-16 1994-06-16 Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH083630A JPH083630A (en) 1996-01-09
JP3586888B2 true JP3586888B2 (en) 2004-11-10

Family

ID=15129054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP13446994A Expired - Lifetime JP3586888B2 (en) 1994-06-16 1994-06-16 Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3586888B2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008106358A (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-05-08 Nsk Ltd Method for correcting heated deformation of annular body, and hardening method of annular body
JP2010248556A (en) * 2009-04-14 2010-11-04 Jtekt Corp Heat-treatment method for annular work-piece, and restricted hardening apparatus using the above method
KR101497794B1 (en) * 2013-02-18 2015-03-04 셰플러코리아(유) Apparatus and method for heat treatment

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4068892B2 (en) 2002-05-20 2008-03-26 富士フイルム株式会社 Image forming material
JP5740946B2 (en) * 2010-12-07 2015-07-01 日本精工株式会社 Press quench equipment
JP6089513B2 (en) * 2012-08-10 2017-03-08 株式会社ジェイテクト Method of quenching annular workpiece and quenching apparatus used therefor
JP6263945B2 (en) * 2013-10-11 2018-01-24 株式会社ジェイテクト Bearing assembly method
JP7014550B2 (en) * 2017-09-12 2022-02-01 Ntn株式会社 Heat treatment equipment and heat treatment method
JP2019112689A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-11 Ntn株式会社 Heat treatment device and heat treatment method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008106358A (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-05-08 Nsk Ltd Method for correcting heated deformation of annular body, and hardening method of annular body
JP2010248556A (en) * 2009-04-14 2010-11-04 Jtekt Corp Heat-treatment method for annular work-piece, and restricted hardening apparatus using the above method
KR101497794B1 (en) * 2013-02-18 2015-03-04 셰플러코리아(유) Apparatus and method for heat treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH083630A (en) 1996-01-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5535922B2 (en) Heat treatment process for steel
JP3586888B2 (en) Method and apparatus for correcting quenching deformation of annular body
JPH09176740A (en) Production of bearing ring for ball bearing
JP5446410B2 (en) Heat treatment method for annular workpiece
JP3278262B2 (en) Manufacturing method of sintered gear
JP3817764B2 (en) Ring manufacturing method and quenching deformation correction device
JP5433932B2 (en) Annular deformation correction method
JP2014055306A (en) Quenching method of annular work and quenching device used therefor
JP2007224330A (en) Method for manufacturing rolling member, rolling member, bearing, tapered roller bearing and treating apparatus
JP2009203525A (en) Production line for rolling bearing
JP5380812B2 (en) Quenching method for annular body
JP5371084B2 (en) Heat treatment method for cylindrical parts
JP3238085B2 (en) Method of quenching a member having a perfect circular part and a deformed part
JP2009203522A (en) Method for manufacturing race ring of rolling bearing
JP2006291353A (en) Method for heat-treating steel material
Ouchakov¹ et al. New steels and methods for induction hardening of bearing rings and rollers
JPH03166320A (en) Track bushing and its production
JPH0344421A (en) Quenching apparatus for correcting outside diameter of annular body
JP5424298B2 (en) Heat treatment method for cylindrical parts
JP5036169B2 (en) Mold quenching method and restraint type device for ring-shaped product
JP2004169178A (en) Method for manufacturing member formed of hardened steel, in particular, member formed of rolling bearing steel
JP2009203521A (en) Heat deformation straightening method of annular body, and its hardening method
JPS61199035A (en) Manufacture of composite roll having tough neck part
RU2052305C1 (en) Method for manufacture of variable-section cold-deformed pipes
Li et al. Typical heat treatment defects of gears and solutions using FEA modeling

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20040406

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20040604

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20040720

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20040802

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20070820

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080820

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080820

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090820

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100820

Year of fee payment: 6

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110820

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110820

Year of fee payment: 7

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120820

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120820

Year of fee payment: 8

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130820

Year of fee payment: 9

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term