JP3586686B2 - Low allergenic gelatin - Google Patents

Low allergenic gelatin Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3586686B2
JP3586686B2 JP21007597A JP21007597A JP3586686B2 JP 3586686 B2 JP3586686 B2 JP 3586686B2 JP 21007597 A JP21007597 A JP 21007597A JP 21007597 A JP21007597 A JP 21007597A JP 3586686 B2 JP3586686 B2 JP 3586686B2
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gelatin
collagen
type
present
serum
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JPH1132692A (en
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健一 市榮
靖希 田口
能久 高畑
文毅 森松
保 重久
純一 栗崎
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Nippon Meat Packers Inc
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Nippon Meat Packers Inc
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  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は低アレルゲン性ゼラチン及びペプチドに関する。より詳細には、食用、医療用(医薬用も含む)、化粧品用として利用され、アレルギー症状を引き起こすことのないゼラチン及びペプチドに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
コラーゲンは細胞外マトリックスの主要構成成分であり、現在I型からXIX型までの19分子種が同定されている。多細胞動物には必ず存在するタンパク質であり、脊椎動物では全タンパク質の約30%を占める。主たる役割は力学的支持だが、細胞の発生、移動、増殖、形態、代謝などを調節する能動的な役割も有する。コラーゲンの基本構造はα鎖と呼ばれるポリペプチド鎖であり、α鎖三本による規則的な三本鎖らせん構造を形成している。この三本鎖らせん部分はアミノ酸残基の3つ目ごとにグリシン(Gly)が存在するGly−Xaa−Yaaの繰返し配列である。Xaaの位置はプロリンが、Yaaの位置はヒドロキシプロリンが存在することが多い。コラーゲン分子に加熱などの処理を施すと、三本鎖らせん構造が壊れランダムコイル状になる。この変性コラーゲンをゼラチンという。酸可溶性I型コラーゲンの平均分子量は約35万であるが、これを加熱変性したゼラチンは平均分子量約13万となる。コラーゲンの三本鎖らせん部分は、Glyが内側に、その他のアミノ酸残基が表面に並ぶ形をとるが、表面積当たりの荷電アミノ酸残基の割合が少ないため水に難溶である。一方、変性したゼラチンは親水性が強まり、水への溶解度も非常に高くなる。
【0003】
ゼラチンは、コラーゲン含有組織を酸、アルカリ又は酵素で処理して得た粗コラーゲンを水で加熱抽出して製造される。コラーゲン含有組織としては動物(例えば、牛、豚、兎、羊、鶏など)の皮膚、骨、軟骨、腱、胎盤などが例示されるが、大量かつ安価に入手可能であることから、商業的には牛又は豚の皮と骨が使われている。
哺乳類の皮に含まれるコラーゲンはI型が80〜85%を占め、残りはIII型である。骨においてはI型が主であり、他の型のコラーゲンは微量しか存在しない。すなわち、商業的に生産されているゼラチンは牛又は豚のI型及びIII型コラーゲン変性物である。
近年、原料の前処理や抽出装置など生産技術が大きく進歩したため、良質のゼラチンが安価に製造できるようになった。
ゼラチンは起泡性、皮膜形成能、保水性、保護コロイド性、弾力性など多くの物理化学的特性を有する。中でも、加熱すると溶解し冷却すれば凝固する熱可逆的なゾル−ゲル変換特性はゼラチン特有の性質であり、他のタンパク質には見られない。このゲル化特性にはゼラチン1分子当たり2個以上の結合部位が要求されるため、分子量1万5千以上が必要条件となる(Rheology 2 Ed. by F. R. Eirich, Academic Press: 357−, 1958)。
【0004】
上述のようにゼラチンは数多くの特性を合わせ持ち、しかも大量かつ安価に入手可能なため、その用途も幅広く、食用、医療用、化粧品用、写真用、工業用などとして使用されている。
食用としてはゼリーのゲル化剤に利用されている。ゲル化剤にはゼラチン以外に寒天、カラギーナン、ペクチンなどがあるが、これらはすべて植物性の多糖類であり、消化吸収が悪く栄養価も低い。一方、ゼラチンは消化吸収の良い代表的な動物性タンパク質であり、ゼリー使用時の食感にも優れている。
さらに、起泡性が強いことからマシュマロの原料にも利用されている。その他にも、グミキャンディー、ヨーグルト、ハム、ソーセージ、スープ、ババロア、アイスクリームなどの主原料あるいは副原料として広く利用されている。
ゼラチンの加水分解物も食品産業で利用されている。ゼラチンよりも溶けやすく消化吸収が良いため、栄養剤などのアミノ酸供給源として添加される。また、保護コロイド性を生かし、清酒などアルコール飲料のオリ下げ剤などに利用されている。
【0005】
医療用としてはハード及びソフトカプセルに応用されている。ハードカプセルはカプセル型のピンにゼラチン液を付着させた後、冷却、乾燥することで得られる。この製法は、粘性、ゲル化特性、皮膜形成能などゼラチンの多様な性質に依存している。
また、皮膚に対する親和性がよいことや保水性、粘着性などに優れることからパップ剤に利用されている。その他にも、錠剤の結合剤、止血材、代用血漿剤、ワクチン用安定剤などに応用されている。
化粧品用としては保湿成分として乳液、パック剤などに利用されているほか、加水分解物がヘアケア原料として応用されている。
写真用としては感光物質であるハロゲン化銀の結合剤に使用されている。ゾル−ゲル変換特性と保護コロイド性の二点で、ゼラチンに代替できる物質はまだ開発されていない。
工業用としては合板、家具などの木工用接着剤として利用されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ゼラチンは種間で分子構造が極めて類似しており、異種のタンパク質でありながらヒトには抗原性がないとされていた。食用ゼラチンはFAO/WHO合同食品添加物専門委員会によって「類制A(1)、ADI特定せず」と評価され、医薬品としては日本薬局方の3局より収載されるなど、その安全性は広く認められていた。
しかし1989年にドイツでゼラチン含有食品摂取後の即時型アレルギー症例が報告されて以来、その安全性が疑問視されてきた(Clin Exp Allergy、19:77−80、1989)。
わが国でゼラチンによるアレルギーが注目されたのは、1994年、厚生省予防接種副反応研究班総会におけるワクチンメーカーの報告からである。その内容は、安定剤を0.2%精製ゼラチンから2.0%加水分解精製ゼラチンに変更した麻疹ワクチン及びおたふくかぜワクチンの接種によって、アナフィラキシー様症状が発生したというものであった(厚生省予防接種副反応研究班・予防接種リサーチセンター:予防接種の効果と副反応の追跡調査及び予防接種の社会・経済効果に関する研究報告書、193−199, 1995)。その後の詳細な検討の結果、ゼラチンがこのアナフィラキシー様症状の原因物質であることが究明された(臨床とウイルス、23:291−295、1995)。以来、ゼラチンアレルギーを示す患者は年々増加の一途をたどり、現在では牛由来のゼラチンに対し約3%の人がアレルギーであると言われている。
【0007】
ゼラチンアレルギー患者にとって最も問題となるのが、注射によって投与されアナフィラキシーショックを起こす生ワクチンである。生ワクチンは感染価の低下を防ぐためにタンパク質の安定剤が必要であり、ゼラチン若しくはその加水分解物又はヒト血清アルブミンが用いられていた。しかし、ヒト血清アルブミンは未知の病原体存在の可能性など広く使用するには問題が多い。また、乳糖、ソルビトール、ブドウ糖、精製白糖及びデキストランなどの糖類では十分な効果が得られなかった。これまでゼラチン及びその加水分解物に代わる優れた安定剤はなく、アレルギーが報告された後も危険を承知でゼラチン及びその加水分解物が使用され続けてきた。ゼラチンを安定剤として添加しているワクチンとしては麻疹、おたふくかぜ、風疹、水痘、B型肝炎、日本脳炎、インフルエンザなどが例示される。これらのワクチンに含まれるゼラチンは1回注射量1mg以上の場合もあり、アナフィラキシーショックを起こすには充分な量である。従って、代替の安定剤又はアレルギー症状を引き起こすことなく、安定剤としての機能を果たすゼラチンの開発が強く望まれていた。
【0008】
また、ゼラチン含有食品の摂取による食品アレルギーも問題である。ゼラチン含有食品は、ゼリー、グミキャンディー、ヨーグルト、ハム、ソーセージ、スープ、ババロア、アイスクリームなど日常摂取する食品の多岐に及んでいる。さらに、医薬用のカプセルもゼラチンが主原料である。これらの食品、医薬品を摂取すると、口の中や目の痒み、鼻汁、発熱、嘔吐、頭痛、下痢、皮膚炎、喘息などのアレルギー症状が現れ、場合によってはアナフィラキシーショックを起こすこともある。しかし、ゼラチンはこれら食品や医薬品の物性、呈味などを保持する上で必須成分であり、これに代わる物質は開発されていなかった。
さらに、ゼラチンアレルギー患者がゼラチンを含有する化粧品、パップ剤などを使用した場合、痒み、紅斑、丘疹、小水疱、表面剥離など、接触性皮膚炎の症状を伴う可能性が強い。しかし、皮膚に対する親和性、保水性、粘着性などを兼ね備えた安価な代替物質はなかった。
上述のように、食品、医薬品、化粧品へのゼラチンの利用はその多様な特性に依存する場合が多く、その殆どが代替の利かない利用法であった。特に医薬品産業においてゼラチンは不可欠な存在であったため、従来のゼラチンの特性を有し、かつアレルギーを起こさない安全な物質の開発が望まれていた。
【0009】
このような点から、ゼラチンの抗原性を除去するために加水分解を利用した発明が種々提案されている。
例えば、特公昭62−36495号公報では、ゼラチンを加水分解後にイオン交換樹脂で処理することで抗原性を除去する方法が開示されている。また特開平7−82299号公報では、コラーゲン成分あるいはゼラチン成分を含む原材料を磁性担体へ固定化するなどした細菌性コラゲナーゼで分子量1000以下まで分解することにより得られる抗原性を除去したペプチド組成物が開示されている。しかし、加水分解を行うことでゲル化特性、皮膜形成能が低下あるいは消失してしまうため、代用血漿剤、静脈内注射用の希釈剤又は安定剤などに利用範囲が限定される。特に、特開平7−82299号公報の方法により分子量1000以下まで分解した場合、ゲル化特性、皮膜形成能が完全に消失するだけでなく、保水性、保護コロイド性等その他のゼラチンの特性も保有しないと考えられ、利用範囲は極めて限定される。即ち、上記の公報で調製されたゼラチン加水分解物ではゼラチンの用途に関して極一部しか代替できない。また、原材料に含まれるコラーゲン分子種は記載されていない。後記実施例でも示すようにI型、III型コラーゲン変性物は畜種を問わずアレルゲン性を有するため、上記の公報で調製されたゼラチン加水分解物ではアレルゲン性が残存する可能性がある。
以上のように、これまでの発明は、本発明の目的である従来のゼラチンの特性を有しかつ、アレルギーを起こさない安全なゼラチン及びその製造法とはいえない。更に、上記の公報にはゼラチンアレルギー患者に対するデータについては具体的に示されておらず、これら発明によるゼラチン加水分解物のアレルギー防止効果は明らかではない。
【0010】
本発明者らは上記の問題を解決するために、従来のゼラチンと同様に利用でき、かつゼラチンアレルギー患者の血清と抗原抗体反応を生じない又は抗原抗体反応が低値である安全なゼラチンを開発するために検討を重ねてきた。その結果、動物、好ましくは豚又は鶏の軟骨より調製したII型コラーゲン変性物を主成分とするゼラチンが、所期の目的を達し得ることを見いだした。本発明は、かかる知見に基づいてなされたもので、食用、医療用、化粧品用などとして利用する際にアレルギー症状を引き起こすことのないゼラチンを安価に提供することを目的としたものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、
(1)ゼラチンを含有する食品において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有食品;
(2)ゼラチンを含有する医薬製剤において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有医薬製剤;
(3)ゼラチンを含有する化粧品において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有化粧品;
(4)食品が、ゼリー、マシュマロ、グミキャンディー、ヨーグルト、ハム、ソーセージ、ババロア又はアイスクリームである上記(1)記載のゼラチン含有食品;
である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は上記の構成よりなり、本発明のゼラチンは、従来のゼラチンをアレルゲンとして認識する患者血清と抗原抗体反応をさせるとき、抗原抗体反応を生じない又は抗原抗体反応が低値であることを特徴とする。すなわち、本発明のゼラチン及びペプチドは、従来のゼラチンすなわちアレルゲンであるI型及びIII型コラーゲン変性物を実質的に含有していない。なお、上記の抗原抗体反応が低値であるとは、試験結果に基づき統計学上の有意差検定を行ったとき、健常者血清と比較して有意差が認められない状態を意味する。
【0013】
本発明のゼラチンは、原料として従来のゼラチンをアレルゲンとして認識する患者血清と抗原抗体反応をさせるとき抗原抗体反応を生じない又は抗原抗体反応が低値である原料を利用し、常法により製造される。かかる原料としては、動物(例えば、豚等の家畜類、鶏等の家禽類、サメ等の魚類、ヘビ等の爬虫類など)の軟骨、椎間板、脊索、硝子体、網膜などが例示され、特に処理の容易さ、収量などの点から豚又は鶏の軟骨が好適に使用される。これらの軟骨に存在するコラーゲンの大部分がII型コラーゲンであり、IX型及びXI型コラーゲンも極微量存在するが、ゼラチンアレルギーの原因物質であるI型及びIII型コラーゲンは実質的に存在しない(Microscopy Research and Technique、28: 378−384、1994)。これらの軟骨は食肉産業の副生物などを利用できる。
本発明のゼラチンは、上記の原料を用いて常法に準じて調製できるが、その一例を示すと、上記の原料(好ましくは豚又は鶏の軟骨)を粉砕し、塩洗、水洗後、飽和水酸化カルシウム水溶液に浸漬し、放置する。その後、沈殿物を回収し、中和、水洗を行った後、水を加えて加熱し、熱水抽出を行う。得られた抽出物を凍結乾燥することにより、本発明のゼラチンが得られる。かくして得られたゼラチンは、必要に応じて、慣用の蛋白質精製法に準じて更に精製してもよい。
【0014】
後記試験例でも示すように本発明のゼラチンは従来のゼラチンと同等のゼリー強度を有する。さらに、起泡性、皮膜形成能、保水性、保護コロイド性、弾力性などを有しており、従来のゼラチンが用いられている各種の用途に利用することができる。特に好適には食用、医療用、化粧品用に利用される。
食用としてはゼリー、グミキャンディー、ヨーグルト、ハム、ソーセージ、スープ、ババロア、アイスクリームなどに利用される。本発明のゼラチンを用いることにより、味、臭い、食感などの嗜好性を変えることなくアレルゲン性の非常に低い食品を製造することができる。
医療用としてはカプセル、パップ剤、ワクチン安定剤などが挙げられる。本発明のゼラチンを用いることにより従来のゼラチンの基本的性質を変更することなく、これらの安全性を確保することができる。
化粧品用としてはクリーム、軟膏、化粧水などの原料が挙げられる。本発明のゼラチンはアレルゲン性がない、又は非常に低いため、これらの化粧品に含有されるゼラチンに起因した接触性皮膚炎を回避することができる。
【0015】
本発明のペプチドは、上記のゼラチンを、常法に準じて加水分解した低分子物質である。そして、本発明のペプチドは、牛又は豚の皮と骨から製造された従来のゼラチンをアレルゲンとして認識する患者血清と抗原抗体反応をさせるとき、抗原抗体反応を生じない又は抗原抗体反応が低値であることを特徴とする。
本発明のペプチドは、本発明のゼラチン(好ましくは豚又は鶏の軟骨由来のゼラチン)及び/又はその前駆体であるコラーゲンを、アルカリ又は酵素などで加水分解することにより得ることができる。分子量は用途によって適宜選択することができるが、500から50000が適当である。
【0016】
本発明のペプチドは従来のゼラチン又はコラーゲン加水分解物の基本的性質を変更することなく、さらに安全性を付与しているため、従来のゼラチン又はコラーゲン加水分解物が用いられる各種用途に利用できる。特に低分子ペプチドは水に非常によく溶け、低温下においてもゲル化特性がないことから、飲料、菓子などの食品、ワクチン用安定剤、パップ剤などの医薬品及びシャンプーなどの化粧品に利用できる。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
本発明のゼラチン及びペプチドは、従来のゼラチンの特性を損なうことなく、しかもアレルゲン性がない又は非常に低い。従って、従来のゼラチンの利用分野で特に安全性が求められる食品、医薬品、化粧品用として有用である。しかも、本発明のゼラチン及びペプチドの原料として好適な豚、鶏の軟骨は食肉産業の副生物を利用できるため、資源の有効利用も図れ安価に製造することができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び試験例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの例に限定されるものではない。
実施例1
低アレルゲン性ゼラチンの調製(1)
骨部、肉片及び軟骨膜を除去した鶏剣状軟骨を粉砕、塩洗、水洗後、5倍量の飽和水酸化カルシウム水溶液に浸漬した。1ヶ月後沈殿物を回収し、中和、水洗を行った後、5倍量の水を加え50℃4時間加熱抽出し、さらに凍結乾燥を行って本発明の低アレルゲン性ゼラチンを得た。
【0019】
実施例2
グミキャンディーの製造
水(配合成分混合物100重量部当たり14部)にヨーグルトパウダー(6部)を加え加熱溶解した溶液に、砂糖(25部)、水飴(30部)及び低アレルゲン性ゼラチン(25部)を加え20分間煮詰めた。これを適当なケーシングに充填、成形した後、冷却してグミキャンディーを製造した。
【0020】
実施例3
ゼリーの製造
熱水(85部)に低アレルゲン性ゼラチン(3部)及び砂糖(10部)を加え溶解し、さらに、濃縮レモン果汁(2部)を加えて20分間煮た。これを型に流し冷却してゼリーを製造した。
【0021】
実施例4
ハードカプセルの製造
5%低アレルゲン性ゼラチン溶液をカプセル型のピンに付着させた後、冷却、乾燥を行った。水分含量15〜18%まで乾燥させた時点でピンを引き抜き、更に水分含量12〜15%まで乾燥させてハードカプセルを製造した。
【0022】
実施例5
生ワクチン用安定剤の製造
低アレルゲン性ゼラチン2gを0.5M塩酸溶液100mlに溶解した後、70℃3時間加水分解を行った。これを水に対して透析した後、凍結乾燥を行って、本発明のペプチド(生ワクチン用安定剤)を製造した。
【0023】
実施例6
低アレルゲン性ゼラチンの調製(2)
実施例1の鶏剣状軟骨に代えて、豚剣状軟骨を使用する以外は、実施例1と同様な方法で、本発明の低アレルゲン性ゼラチンを得た。
【0024】
試験例1
低アレルゲン性の証明( in vitro での検討)
実施例1及び6記載の方法で調製した本発明のゼラチン、精製コラーゲン熱変性物及び市販のゼラチンに対するゼラチンアレルギー患者血清中の抗原特異IgE抗体との反応性について調べた。
1.供試試料
上記の本発明のゼラチンと、市販のI型コラーゲン熱変性物を主成分とする食用ゼラチン、医薬用ゼラチン及び医薬用ゼラチン加水分解物(表1)と、常法により精製した牛、豚、鶏のI型からIII型コラーゲンを50℃の水槽中で約30分間加熱変性(ゼラチン化)させたコラーゲン熱変性物(表2)を供試試料とした。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0003586686
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0003586686
【0027】
2.試料液の調製
本発明のゼラチン、市販のゼラチン、型別コラーゲン熱変性物は、0.1%溶液となるようPBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、pH7.2)で希釈し、湯煎しながら十分に撹拌して溶解した。これらのゼラチン溶液を試料液とした。
3.アレルギー患者血清
ゼラチンアレルギーと診断され、市販の食用ゼラチン又は医薬用ゼラチンに対して、RAST(radio allergosorbent test)陽性を示したアレルギー患者6人(男女同数、年齢1〜9歳、平均4歳)から医師が少量の血液を採取し、常法により血清を分離して凍結保存したものを使用した。
4.健常者血清
アレルギー疾患を有さない健常者6人(男女同数、年齢5〜10歳、平均7歳)から上記と同様にして血清を調製し、凍結保存したものを使用した。
【0028】
5.試験方法
上記の各試料液に対するゼラチンアレルギー患者血清中の抗原特異IgE抗体との反応性(抗原特異IgE抗体価)はELISA(enzyme−linked immunosorbent assay)法により調べた。因みにELISAは「藤原大美ら編,免疫研究法ハンドブック,199−206, 1992, 中外医学社, 東京」に記載された方法に準じて行った。
ELISA法の操作概要を以下に示す。
(1)上記の試料液を96穴ELISA用マイクロプレートに加え、抗原蛋白質をプレートに固定化する。
(2)プレート洗浄後、検体や標識抗体の非特異的吸着を防ぐため、ヒト血清アルブミンを加えてブロッキングする。
(3)プレート洗浄後、検体としてアレルギー患者血清と健常者血清をそれぞれ別個のウエルに加えて抗原と反応させる。
(4)プレート洗浄後、アルカリホスファターゼ標識抗ヒトIgEε鎖ヤギ抗体を加えて反応させる。
(5)プレート洗浄後、基質(ルミホス530;4−Methoxy−4(3−phosphatephenyl)spiro[1,2−dioxetane−3,2’−adamantane]disodium salt, 和光純薬工業)を加え、アルカリホスファターゼの脱リン酸化反応により生じた発光量を測定する。
(6)測定は、プレートリーダー(LUMINOUS CT−9000D,ダイアヤトロン社)にて行い、その測定値をカウントとして表する。また、アレルギー患者血清中の抗原特異IgE抗体価は健常者血清のそれと比較することにより評価する。
【0029】
6.結果
上記の試験の結果は、図1と図2に示す(何れも平均値±標準誤差)。なお、図1は各試料液に対するゼラチンアレルギー患者血清(黒塗り)及び健常者血清(白抜き)の抗原特異IgE抗体価を示す図であり、図2は各試料液に対するゼラチンアレルギー患者血清の抗原特異IgE抗体価を示す図である。
図1に示されるように、ゼラチンアレルギー患者血清及び健常者血清を用いて、本発明のゼラチンおよび市販ゼラチンに対する抗原抗体反応について調べたところ、本発明のゼラチンに対するゼラチンアレルギー患者血清の特異IgE抗体反応性は低値であり、それらに対する健常者血清の特異IgE抗体価との間に有意な差は認められなかった。一方、市販の食用ゼラチン、医薬用ゼラチン及び医薬用ゼラチン加水分解物では、その何れに対してもゼラチンアレルギー患者血清の特異IgE抗体価は高値であり、それらに対する健常者血清の特異IgE抗体価との間に有意な差が認められた。
【0030】
また、図2に示されるように、同様にして各種コラーゲン熱変性物であるゼラチンについて調べたところ、ゼラチンアレルギー患者血清の本発明のゼラチン(豚II型コラーゲン熱変性物と鶏II型コラーゲン熱変性物)に対する特異IgE抗体価は低値であったが、これら以外のコラーゲン熱変性物であるゼラチンに対する特異IgE抗体価は高値であった。また、別途行った試験において、ゼラチンアレルギー患者血清の本発明のゼラチンに対する特異IgE抗体価と、これらに対する健常者血清の特異IgE抗体価との間に有意な差は認められなかった。
即ち、ゼラチンアレルギー患者血清中には、本発明のゼラチン(すなわち、鶏軟骨由来ゼラチンと豚軟骨由来ゼラチン;及び豚II型コラーゲンと鶏II型コラーゲン熱変性物であるゼラチン)を抗原(アレルゲン)として認識する特異IgE抗体は殆ど認められなかった。
【0031】
なお、図示はしていないが、市販のグミキャンディー、ゼリー、ハードカプセル及びワクチンについても試料液を調製して試験したところ、市販ゼラチンとほぼ同様な結果であった。これに対して、実施例2、実施例3、実施例4及び実施例5において、本発明のゼラチンを使用し作製したグミキャンディー、ゼリー、ハードカプセル及び生ワクチン用安定剤では、ゼラチンアレルギー患者血清中の抗原特異IgE抗体との反応性は殆ど認められなかった。
【0032】
これらの結果から、ゼラチンアレルギー患者にとって市販の食用ゼラチン、医薬用ゼラチン及び医薬用ゼラチン加水分解物は血中の抗原特異IgE抗体との反応性が高く、避けなければならない場合が多いのに対し、本発明のゼラチンでは抗原特異IgE抗体との反応性が低く安全である。また、本発明のゼラチンを使用して作製されたグミキャンディー、ゼリー及びハードカプセル等は、ゼラチンアレルギー患者においても安全に利用できると考えられる。
【0033】
なお、市販の医薬用ゼラチン加水分解物では投与時のアレルギー反応や感作を防ぐため、低分子(分子量約3000)のペプチドに加水分解する方法がとられている。しかしながら、上記の試験の結果からも明らかなように、その効果は不十分なものであり、今日までゼラチンアレルギー患者を増加させた1つの要因となっている。
一方、請求項4記載の本発明のペプチドにおいては、元々低アレルゲン性である請求項1、2又は3の何れかに記載のゼラチンを加水分解し低分子のペプチドとしているため、投与時のアレルギー反応の防止により有効である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ゼラチンアレルギーと診断された患者血清の本発明ゼラチン並びに食用ゼラチン及び医薬用ゼラチン(ゼラチン又はゼラチン加水分解物)に対する抗原特異IgE抗体価を示す図である。
【図2】ゼラチンアレルギーと診断された患者血清の牛、豚又は鶏のI型、II型又はIII型コラーゲン熱変性物に対する抗原特異IgE抗体価を示す図である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to hypoallergenic gelatins and peptides. More specifically, the present invention relates to gelatin and peptides which are used for food, medical use (including pharmaceutical use) and cosmetics and do not cause allergic symptoms.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix, and 19 molecular species from type I to type XIX have been identified at present. It is a protein that is always present in multicellular animals and accounts for about 30% of the total protein in vertebrates. Although its primary role is mechanical support, it also has an active role in regulating cell development, migration, proliferation, morphology, metabolism, and the like. The basic structure of collagen is a polypeptide chain called an α-chain, and forms a regular triple-stranded helical structure composed of three α-chains. This triple-stranded helical portion is a Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeat sequence in which glycine (Gly) is present at every third amino acid residue. The position of Xaa is often proline and the position of Yaa is often hydroxyproline. When a treatment such as heating is applied to a collagen molecule, the triple-stranded helical structure is broken to form a random coil. This denatured collagen is called gelatin. The average molecular weight of acid-soluble type I collagen is about 350,000, and gelatin obtained by heat denaturing the collagen has an average molecular weight of about 130,000. The triple-stranded helical portion of collagen has a form in which Gly is on the inside and other amino acid residues are on the surface, but is hardly soluble in water because the ratio of charged amino acid residues per surface area is small. On the other hand, denatured gelatin has enhanced hydrophilicity and very high solubility in water.
[0003]
Gelatin is produced by heating and extracting crude collagen obtained by treating a collagen-containing tissue with an acid, an alkali or an enzyme with water. Examples of the collagen-containing tissue include skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, placenta and the like of animals (for example, cows, pigs, rabbits, sheep, chickens, etc.). It uses cow and pig skin and bones.
Collagen contained in mammalian skin is 80% to 85% of type I, and the rest is type III. In bone, type I is predominant, and other types of collagen are only present in trace amounts. That is, the commercially produced gelatin is denatured bovine or porcine type I and type III collagen.
In recent years, production technologies such as pretreatment of raw materials and extraction equipment have made great progress, and high-quality gelatin can be produced at low cost.
Gelatin has many physicochemical properties such as foaming properties, film forming ability, water retention, protective colloid properties, and elasticity. Above all, the thermoreversible sol-gel conversion characteristic of dissolving when heated and solidifying when cooled is characteristic of gelatin and is not found in other proteins. Since this gelation property requires two or more binding sites per gelatin molecule, a molecular weight of 15,000 or more is a necessary condition (Rheology 2 Ed. By FR Erich, Academic Press: 357-). , 1958).
[0004]
As described above, gelatin has many properties and is available in large quantities and at low cost, and therefore has a wide range of uses, and is used for food, medical use, cosmetics, photography, industrial use, and the like.
It is used as a gelling agent for jelly as edible. Gelling agents other than gelatin include agar, carrageenan, pectin and the like, all of which are vegetable polysaccharides and have poor digestion and absorption and low nutritional value. On the other hand, gelatin is a typical animal protein with good digestion and absorption, and also has an excellent texture when using jelly.
Furthermore, it is used as a raw material for marshmallows due to its strong foaming properties. In addition, it is widely used as a main raw material or an auxiliary raw material for gummy candy, yogurt, ham, sausage, soup, bavarois, ice cream and the like.
Hydrolysates of gelatin are also used in the food industry. Since it is more soluble than gelatin and has better digestion and absorption, it is added as a source of amino acids such as nutrients. Also, making use of its protective colloid properties, it is used as an agent for lowering alcoholic beverages such as sake.
[0005]
It has been applied to hard and soft capsules for medical use. The hard capsule is obtained by attaching a gelatin solution to a capsule-shaped pin, followed by cooling and drying. This process relies on various properties of gelatin, such as viscosity, gelling properties, and film-forming ability.
In addition, it is used as a poultice because of its good affinity for the skin, excellent water retention and adhesiveness. In addition, it has been applied to tablet binders, hemostatic materials, plasma substitutes, vaccine stabilizers, and the like.
For cosmetics, it is used as a moisturizing ingredient in emulsions, packs, and the like, and hydrolysates are applied as hair care ingredients.
For photographic purposes, it is used as a binder for silver halide as a photosensitive material. A substance which can substitute for gelatin in terms of sol-gel conversion properties and protective colloid properties has not yet been developed.
For industrial use, it is used as an adhesive for woodworking such as plywood and furniture.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Gelatin has a very similar molecular structure between species, and it is said that humans have no antigenicity even though they are heterogeneous proteins. Edible gelatin is evaluated by the FAO / WHO Joint Food Additives Expert Committee as “Class A (1), ADI not specified”, and its safety is indicated, as it is listed as a drug from three Japanese Pharmacopoeia. It was widely accepted.
However, its safety has been questioned since 1989 when a case of immediate allergy after ingestion of a gelatin-containing food was reported in Germany (Clin Exp Allergy,19: 77-80, 1989).
Attention to gelatin allergy in Japan came from a report from a vaccine manufacturer at a meeting of the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Vaccination Adverse Reactions Research Group Meeting in 1994. It was stated that anaphylactoid symptoms were caused by inoculation of the measles vaccine and mumps vaccine in which the stabilizer was changed from 0.2% purified gelatin to 2.0% hydrolyzed purified gelatin (Ministry of Health and Welfare vaccination) Response Research Group / Vaccination Research Center: Follow-up study of the effects and side effects of vaccination and a research report on the socio-economic effects of vaccination, 193-199, 1995). Further investigations have shown that gelatin is the causative agent of this anaphylactoid condition (clinical and viral,23: 291-295, 1995). Since then, the number of patients with gelatin allergy has been increasing year by year, and it is said that about 3% of people are allergic to cow-derived gelatin.
[0007]
Of greatest concern to gelatin allergy patients are live vaccines that are administered by injection and cause anaphylactic shock. A live vaccine requires a protein stabilizer to prevent a decrease in infectious titer, and gelatin or a hydrolyzate thereof or human serum albumin has been used. However, human serum albumin is problematic for widespread use, including the possibility of unknown pathogens. In addition, saccharides such as lactose, sorbitol, glucose, purified sucrose and dextran did not provide a sufficient effect. Until now, there has been no good stabilizer to replace gelatin and its hydrolysates, and gelatin and its hydrolysates have continued to be used despite the reported allergies. Examples of vaccines containing gelatin as a stabilizer include measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, hepatitis B, Japanese encephalitis, and influenza. Gelatin contained in these vaccines may be 1 mg or more per injection, which is sufficient to cause anaphylactic shock. Therefore, the development of alternative stabilizers or gelatins that function as stabilizers without causing allergic symptoms has been strongly desired.
[0008]
In addition, food allergies caused by ingestion of gelatin-containing foods are also a problem. Gelatin-containing foods cover a wide variety of daily ingestible foods such as jellies, gummy candy, yogurt, ham, sausages, soups, bavarois, and ice creams. In addition, gelatin is a main ingredient of pharmaceutical capsules. Ingestion of these foods and medicines causes allergic symptoms such as itchiness in the mouth and eyes, nasal discharge, fever, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, dermatitis, and asthma, and in some cases, anaphylactic shock. However, gelatin is an essential component for maintaining the physical properties and taste of these foods and pharmaceuticals, and no alternative substance has been developed.
Furthermore, when a gelatin allergic patient uses cosmetics, cataplasms and the like containing gelatin, there is a strong possibility that symptoms of contact dermatitis, such as itchiness, erythema, papules, vesicles, and surface peeling, are accompanied. However, there has been no inexpensive alternative material having affinity for skin, water retention, adhesiveness, and the like.
As mentioned above, the use of gelatin in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics often depends on its various properties, most of which have been irreplaceable uses. In particular, since gelatin has been indispensable in the pharmaceutical industry, it has been desired to develop a safe substance having the properties of conventional gelatin and not causing allergy.
[0009]
From such a point, various inventions utilizing hydrolysis for removing antigenicity of gelatin have been proposed.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-36495 discloses a method of removing antigenicity by hydrolyzing gelatin and treating it with an ion exchange resin. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-82299, a peptide composition obtained by decomposing an antigenic material obtained by decomposing a raw material containing a collagen component or a gelatin component to a magnetic carrier to a molecular weight of 1000 or less with a bacterial collagenase or the like is disclosed. It has been disclosed. However, the gelling properties and film-forming ability are reduced or lost by the hydrolysis, so that the range of use is limited to plasma substitutes, diluents or stabilizers for intravenous injection, and the like. In particular, when the composition is decomposed to a molecular weight of 1,000 or less according to the method of JP-A-7-82299, not only the gelling properties and the film-forming ability are completely lost, but also other properties of gelatin such as water retention and protective colloid properties are retained. It is considered not to be used, and the range of use is extremely limited. That is, the gelatin hydrolyzate prepared in the above publication can only partially replace the use of gelatin. Moreover, collagen molecular species contained in the raw material is not described. As will be shown in the examples below, the modified collagens of type I and type III have allergenicity regardless of the animal species, and thus the gelatin hydrolyzate prepared in the above publication may have allergenicity.
As described above, the present invention cannot be said to be a safe gelatin which has the characteristics of the conventional gelatin which is the object of the present invention and which does not cause allergy, and a method for producing the same. Furthermore, the above publications do not specifically show data on gelatin allergic patients, and it is not clear that the gelatin hydrolyzate according to the present invention has an allergy-preventing effect.
[0010]
The present inventors have developed a safe gelatin which can be used in the same manner as conventional gelatin and which does not produce an antigen-antibody reaction with serum of a gelatin-allergic patient or has a low antigen-antibody reaction in order to solve the above problems. We have been studying in order to do so. As a result, it has been found that gelatin containing a modified type II collagen as a main component prepared from animal, preferably pig or chicken cartilage can achieve its intended purpose. The present invention has been made based on such findings, and has as its object to provide inexpensively gelatin that does not cause allergic symptoms when used for food, medical use, cosmetics, and the like.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention made in order to solve the above problems,
(1) In a food containing gelatin, gelatin containing gelatin for anti-gelatin allergy characterized in that gelatin is gelatin derived from type II collagen and is substantially free of gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen Food;
(2) In a pharmaceutical preparation containing gelatin, gelatin for anti-gelatin allergy characterized in that gelatin is gelatin derived from type II collagen, and substantially does not contain gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen Containing pharmaceutical preparations;
(3) In a cosmetic containing gelatin, the gelatin is gelatin derived from type II collagen, and contains gelatin for anti-gelatin allergy, which is substantially free of gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen. Cosmetics;
(4) The gelatin-containing food according to the above (1), wherein the food is jelly, marshmallow, gummy candy, yogurt, ham, sausage, bavaroa or ice cream;
It is.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, and the gelatin of the present invention does not cause an antigen-antibody reaction or has a low antigen-antibody reaction when a conventional serum is subjected to an antigen-antibody reaction with a patient serum that recognizes gelatin as an allergen. Features. That is, the gelatin and the peptide of the present invention do not substantially contain conventional gelatin, ie, denatured collagens I and III, which are allergens. In addition, the above-mentioned low antigen-antibody reaction means a state where no significant difference is observed as compared with the serum of a healthy subject when a statistically significant difference test is performed based on the test results.
[0013]
The gelatin of the present invention is produced by a conventional method using a raw material which does not produce an antigen-antibody reaction or has a low antigen-antibody reaction when subjected to an antigen-antibody reaction with a patient serum which recognizes conventional gelatin as an allergen as a raw material. You. Examples of such raw materials include cartilage, intervertebral disc, notochord, vitreous body, retina and the like of animals (for example, livestock such as pigs, poultry such as chickens, fish such as sharks, and reptiles such as snakes). Pig or chicken cartilage is preferably used in terms of ease of production and yield. Most of the collagen present in these cartilage is type II collagen, and there is also a very small amount of type IX and type XI collagen, but type I and type III collagen, which is a causative substance of gelatin allergy, are substantially absent ( Microscopic Research and Technique,28: 378-384, 1994). These cartilage can be used as by-products of the meat industry.
The gelatin of the present invention can be prepared according to a conventional method using the above-mentioned raw materials. For example, the above-mentioned raw material (preferably cartilage of pig or chicken) is pulverized, washed with salt, washed with water, and then saturated. Immerse in calcium hydroxide aqueous solution and leave. Thereafter, the precipitate is collected, neutralized and washed with water, and then water is added and heated to perform hot water extraction. The gelatin of the present invention is obtained by freeze-drying the obtained extract. The gelatin thus obtained may be further purified, if necessary, according to a conventional protein purification method.
[0014]
As shown in the test examples described below, the gelatin of the present invention has a jelly strength equivalent to that of conventional gelatin. Furthermore, it has foaming properties, film-forming ability, water retention, protective colloid properties, elasticity, and the like, and can be used for various applications in which conventional gelatin is used. It is particularly preferably used for food, medical use, and cosmetics.
As food, it is used for jelly, gummy candy, yogurt, ham, sausage, soup, bavarois, ice cream, etc. By using the gelatin of the present invention, foods with extremely low allergenicity can be produced without changing taste, smell, texture and other palatability.
For medical use, capsules, cataplasms, vaccine stabilizers and the like can be mentioned. By using the gelatin of the present invention, the safety can be ensured without changing the basic properties of conventional gelatin.
Raw materials such as creams, ointments, and lotions are used for cosmetics. Since the gelatin of the present invention has no or very low allergenicity, contact dermatitis caused by gelatin contained in these cosmetics can be avoided.
[0015]
The peptide of the present invention is a low-molecular substance obtained by hydrolyzing the above-mentioned gelatin according to a conventional method. The peptide of the present invention does not produce an antigen-antibody reaction or has a low antigen-antibody reaction when it is subjected to an antigen-antibody reaction with a patient serum that recognizes conventional gelatin produced from cow or pig skin and bone as an allergen. It is characterized by being.
The peptide of the present invention can be obtained by hydrolyzing the gelatin of the present invention (preferably, gelatin derived from pig or chicken cartilage) and / or collagen, which is a precursor thereof, with an alkali or an enzyme. The molecular weight can be appropriately selected depending on the application, but is suitably from 500 to 50,000.
[0016]
Since the peptide of the present invention imparts safety without changing the basic properties of the conventional gelatin or collagen hydrolyzate, it can be used for various applications in which the conventional gelatin or collagen hydrolyzate is used. In particular, low-molecular peptides are very well soluble in water and have no gelling properties even at low temperatures, so they can be used for foods such as beverages and confections, pharmaceuticals such as vaccine stabilizers, poultices and cosmetics such as shampoos.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
The gelatins and peptides of the present invention do not impair the properties of conventional gelatin and have no or very low allergenicity. Therefore, it is useful for foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, which are required to be particularly safe in the field of use of conventional gelatin. Moreover, the cartilage of pigs and chickens, which is suitable as a raw material for the gelatin and peptide of the present invention, can use by-products of the meat industry, so that resources can be effectively used and can be produced at low cost.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Preparation of low allergenic gelatin (1)
The chicken sword-shaped cartilage from which bone, meat pieces and perichondrium were removed was crushed, washed with salt, washed with water, and then immersed in a 5-fold amount of a saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution. One month later, the precipitate was collected, neutralized, washed with water, added with a 5-fold amount of water, heated and extracted at 50 ° C. for 4 hours, and further freeze-dried to obtain a low-allergenic gelatin of the present invention.
[0019]
Example 2
Manufacture of gummy candy
Sugar (25 parts), starch syrup (30 parts) and low allergenic gelatin (25 parts) were added to a solution obtained by adding yogurt powder (6 parts) to water (14 parts per 100 parts by weight of the component mixture) and then heating and dissolving. Boiled down for a minute. This was filled in an appropriate casing, molded, and then cooled to produce a gummy candy.
[0020]
Example 3
Jelly production
Low-allergenic gelatin (3 parts) and sugar (10 parts) were added and dissolved in hot water (85 parts), and concentrated lemon juice (2 parts) was added, followed by boiling for 20 minutes. This was poured into a mold and cooled to produce jelly.
[0021]
Example 4
Manufacturing hard capsules
After attaching a 5% hypoallergenic gelatin solution to the capsule-shaped pins, the solution was cooled and dried. When dried to a moisture content of 15 to 18%, the pin was pulled out, and further dried to a moisture content of 12 to 15% to produce a hard capsule.
[0022]
Example 5
Production of stabilizers for live vaccines
After 2 g of low allergenic gelatin was dissolved in 100 ml of a 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution, hydrolysis was performed at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. This was dialyzed against water and then freeze-dried to produce the peptide of the present invention (a live vaccine stabilizer).
[0023]
Example 6
Preparation of low allergenic gelatin (2)
The hypoallergenic gelatin of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pork xiphoid cartilage was used instead of chicken xiphoid cartilage of Example 1.
[0024]
Test example 1
Proof of low allergenicity ( in vitro Examination in)
The reactivity of the gelatin of the present invention, purified heat denatured collagen, and commercially available gelatin prepared by the methods described in Examples 1 and 6 with antigen-specific IgE antibodies in the serum of patients with gelatin allergy was examined.
1. Test sample
The above-described gelatin of the present invention, a commercially available edible gelatin, a medicinal gelatin and a medicinal gelatin hydrolyzate containing a thermally denatured type I collagen as a main component (Table 1), and cow, pig, and chicken purified by a conventional method. The heat-denatured collagen (Table 2) obtained by heat denaturation (gelatinization) of type I to type III collagen in a water bath at 50 ° C. for about 30 minutes was used as a test sample.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003586686
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003586686
[0027]
2. Preparation of sample solution
The gelatin of the present invention, commercially available gelatin, and heat-denatured collagen by type are diluted with PBS (phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2) to give a 0.1% solution, and thoroughly stirred while boiling. Dissolved. These gelatin solutions were used as sample solutions.
3. Allergy patient serum
A small amount of doctors from six allergic patients (same male and female, age 1 to 9 years, average 4 years) who were diagnosed as gelatin allergy and showed RAST (radio allosorbent test) positive for commercially available food gelatin or pharmaceutical gelatin Was collected, serum was separated by a conventional method and cryopreserved.
4. Healthy person serum
Serum was prepared in the same manner as described above from 6 healthy subjects without the allergic disease (same number of men and women, ages 5 to 10 years, average 7 years), and used after cryopreservation.
[0028]
5. Test method
The reactivity (antigen-specific IgE antibody titer) of each sample solution with an antigen-specific IgE antibody in the serum of a patient with gelatin allergy was determined by an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Incidentally, the ELISA was performed according to the method described in "Daimi Fujiwara et al., Handbook of Immunological Research Methods, 199-206, 1992, Chugai Medical Company, Tokyo".
An outline of the operation of the ELISA method is shown below.
(1) The sample solution is added to a 96-well ELISA microplate, and the antigen protein is immobilized on the plate.
(2) After washing the plate, blocking is performed by adding human serum albumin in order to prevent nonspecific adsorption of the sample and the labeled antibody.
(3) After washing the plate, the serum of an allergic patient and the serum of a healthy individual are added to separate wells as specimens and reacted with the antigen.
(4) After washing the plate, an alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-human IgEε chain goat antibody is added and reacted.
(5) After washing the plate, a substrate (Lumiphos 530; 4-Methoxy-4 (3-phosphatephenyl) spiro [1, 2-dioxetane-3, 2'-adamantane] disodium salt, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) was added, and alkaline phosphatase was added. The amount of luminescence generated by the dephosphorylation reaction of is measured.
(6) The measurement is performed using a plate reader (LUMINUS CT-9000D, Diatron), and the measured value is expressed as a count. The antigen-specific IgE antibody titer in the serum of an allergic patient is evaluated by comparing it with that of a healthy individual.
[0029]
6. result
The results of the above test are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (both mean ± standard error). FIG. 1 shows the antigen-specific IgE antibody titers of the serum of a gelatin-allergic patient (filled black) and the serum of a healthy individual (open) for each sample solution. FIG. It is a figure which shows a specific IgE antibody titer.
As shown in FIG. 1, the antigen-antibody reaction against the gelatin of the present invention and the commercially available gelatin was examined using the serum of a gelatin-allergic patient and the serum of a healthy individual. The gender was low, and no significant difference was observed between them and the specific IgE antibody titer of the serum of a healthy individual. On the other hand, in the case of commercially available edible gelatin, pharmaceutical gelatin and pharmaceutical gelatin hydrolyzate, the specific IgE antibody titer of the serum of a patient suffering from gelatin allergy is high for any of them, and the specific IgE antibody titer of the serum of a healthy individual against them is high. There was a significant difference between the two.
[0030]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, when various types of gelatin, which are heat denatured collagens, were examined in the same manner, the gelatin of the present invention (heat denatured pig type II collagen and heat denatured chicken type II collagen) in the serum of a patient with gelatin allergy was examined. The specific IgE antibody titer against gelatin, which is a thermally denatured collagen other than these, was high. In a test performed separately, no significant difference was observed between the specific IgE antibody titer of the serum of the patient with gelatin allergy to the gelatin of the present invention and the specific IgE antibody titer of the serum of a healthy subject against these.
That is, in the serum of a patient suffering from gelatin allergy, the gelatin of the present invention (namely, chicken cartilage-derived gelatin and pig cartilage-derived gelatin; and pig II collagen and gelatin which is a denatured chicken type II collagen) is used as an antigen (allergen). Almost no specific IgE antibody was recognized.
[0031]
Although not shown, when a sample solution was prepared and tested for commercially available gummy candies, jellies, hard capsules and vaccines, the results were almost the same as those of commercially available gelatin. In contrast, in Examples 2, 3, 4, and 5, gummy candies, jellies, hard capsules, and stabilizers for live vaccines produced using the gelatin of the present invention were used in serum from patients with gelatin allergy. Almost no reactivity with the antigen-specific IgE antibody was observed.
[0032]
From these results, commercially available edible gelatin, pharmaceutical gelatin and pharmaceutical gelatin hydrolyzate for gelatin allergic patients have high reactivity with antigen-specific IgE antibodies in the blood and, in many cases, must be avoided, The gelatin of the present invention has low reactivity with antigen-specific IgE antibodies and is safe. Gummy candies, jellies, hard capsules, and the like prepared using the gelatin of the present invention can be safely used even in gelatin allergy patients.
[0033]
In addition, in order to prevent allergic reaction and sensitization at the time of administration with a commercially available gelatin hydrolyzate for medical use, a method of hydrolyzing to a low molecular weight (molecular weight of about 3000) peptide is employed. However, as is evident from the results of the above-mentioned tests, the effect is insufficient, and this is one factor that has increased the number of gelatin allergy patients to date.
On the other hand, in the peptide of the present invention described in claim 4, the gelatin according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, which is originally low in allergenicity, is hydrolyzed into a low molecular weight peptide, so that allergy upon administration is obtained. It is more effective in preventing the reaction.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the antigen-specific IgE antibody titers of the serum of a patient diagnosed as having a gelatin allergy to the gelatin of the present invention and to edible gelatin and pharmaceutical gelatin (gelatin or gelatin hydrolyzate).
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the antigen-specific IgE antibody titer of a serum of a patient diagnosed as having a gelatin allergy to a denatured type I, II or III collagen of bovine, porcine or chicken.

Claims (4)

ゼラチンを含有する食品において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有食品。A gelatin-containing food for anti-gelatin allergy, wherein the gelatin is a gelatin derived from type II collagen, and the gelatin is substantially free of gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen. ゼラチンを含有する医薬製剤において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有医薬製剤。Pharmaceutical preparation containing gelatin, wherein the gelatin is gelatin derived from type II collagen, and substantially free of gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen, gelatin-containing pharmaceutical preparation for anti-gelatin allergy . ゼラチンを含有する化粧品において、ゼラチンがII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンであり、I型及びIII型コラーゲンに由来するゼラチンを実質的に含有しないことを特徴とする抗ゼラチンアレルギー用のゼラチン含有化粧品。A cosmetic containing gelatin, wherein the gelatin is gelatin derived from type II collagen, and is substantially free of gelatin derived from type I and type III collagen. 食品が、ゼリー、マシュマロ、グミキャンディー、ヨーグルト、ハム、ソーセージ、ババロア又はアイスクリームである請求項1記載のゼラチン含有食品。The gelatin-containing food according to claim 1, wherein the food is jelly, marshmallow, gummy candy, yogurt, ham, sausage, bavarois or ice cream.
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US11582984B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2023-02-21 Uha Mikakuto Co., Ltd. Confectionery having grape-like mouthfeel

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JP2000125775A (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-09 Nippon Meat Packers Inc Low-allergen gelatin
EP1238675A1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-11 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Recombinant gelatin-like proteins for use as plasma expanders
JP6503657B2 (en) * 2014-08-08 2019-04-24 ユーハ味覚糖株式会社 Gumi candy with high moisture content
CN114929032B (en) * 2019-12-27 2024-09-17 三得利控股株式会社 Oral composition, flavor modifying method, flavor modifier of chicken extract and use of hydrolyzed type II collagen

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US11582984B2 (en) 2017-06-14 2023-02-21 Uha Mikakuto Co., Ltd. Confectionery having grape-like mouthfeel

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