JP3586679B2 - 3D game image processing program, 3D game image processing method, and video game apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional game image processing program for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space, a three-dimensional game image processing method, and a video game apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a game played in a three-dimensional virtual space, a technique for expressing an animation by attaching a contour line to a polygon model composed of a plurality of polygons is known. In order to differentiate the image from the background (exaggeration of the outline) by attaching the polygon model, the target polygon model is made to stand out.
[0003]
For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-251094, when a process for attaching a contour line to a reference model which is a polygon model is performed, data of the reference model to which a contour line is attached is read from a memory and the reference model is read at a predetermined ratio. Create an enlarged model and store it in memory, perform geometry processing to superimpose this enlarged model on the reference model, invert the normal vector of each polygon that makes up the enlarged model, then both models Is described in which rendering processing is performed to overlay the image on the background image. By performing such image processing, a model with an outline can be displayed on the monitor.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When the polygon model is subjected to the shading process with the contour line by the image processing method as described above, the main body part and the contour part of the polygon model are displayed in different shades of shade. This is the normal vector for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the reference model, which is the main part of the polygon model, and the normal vector for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the enlarged model, which is the contour portion of the polygon model. Occurs because they are facing in opposite directions. Therefore, in the conventional image processing method described above, the shade of the contour portion is eliminated by making the reference model and the enlarged model constant without being affected by the light source.
[0005]
However, depending on the type of video game and the progress of the video game, it may be better to apply shading processing to the polygon model. In the conventional image processing method, the polygon model main body part and contour line part are applied for the above reasons. It was difficult to apply the same shade of shade.
[0006]
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and can provide a contour line to a model composed of a plurality of polygons, and can perform appropriate shading processing. A program, a three-dimensional game image processing method, and a video game apparatus are provided.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention according to claim 1 is a three-dimensional game image processing program for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
The direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each of the enlarged polygons is set to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. A back model set in the same direction on the reference model as an edged model, and a shading processing means for performing shading processing based on a normal vector for shading processing of each polygon of the edged model;
A video game device is made to function as a drawing means for drawing only a polygon in which a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the bordered model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. To do.
[0008]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional game image processing program for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space is obtained by enlarging a reference model composed of a plurality of polygons. The direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon is set opposite to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model, and has been expanded. Overlay the back model in which the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon is set in the same direction with respect to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. Shaded processing of each polygon of the edge model with the edge model Shading processing means that performs shading processing based on normal vectors, and draws only polygons whose polygon front / back discrimination normal vectors of the polygons that make up the edged model are oriented in the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint in the virtual game space The video game device is caused to function as a drawing means.
[0009]
That is, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model is set to the direction opposite to the direction of the vector, and the direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each expanded polygon is used. The back model set in the same direction is overlapped with the reference model to form an edge model, and shading processing is performed based on the normal vector for shading processing of each polygon of the edge model, and the polygon front and back of each polygon constituting the edge model Discriminant normal vector Only polygons facing the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space is drawn.
[0010]
Therefore, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. By overlaying the back model set in the opposite direction to the vector direction on the reference model to form an edged model, the back model can be drawn as an outline of the reference model.
[0011]
In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0012]
In addition, according to the present invention, the video game apparatus can further function as storage means for storing the edge model created in advance.
[0013]
According to this configuration, the video game apparatus further functions as a storage unit that stores a model with an edge created in advance.
[0014]
That is, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector for distinguishing the front and back of each enlarged polygon is determined based on the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector for each polygon constituting the reference model. Since the edge model with the back model set in the opposite direction to the reference model is stored in advance, the back model expanded from the reference model and the reference model are overlaid, and each of the back models It is not necessary to perform geometry processing to change the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination, and the time required for this geometry processing can be shortened.
[0015]
Furthermore, the present invention uses the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector as a surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the edge model, and uses the shading processing normal vector as a normal at each vertex of each polygon constituting the edge model. It can also be a vector.
[0016]
According to this configuration, the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the edge model is the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the edge model, and shading processing of each polygon constituting the edge model The normal vector for shading processing used in is a normal vector at each vertex of each polygon constituting the edged model.
[0017]
That is, since the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the edge model is used as the polygon front / back surface discrimination normal vector used for front / back determination of each polygon constituting the edge model, the polygon front / back determination is performed using the surface normal vector of the polygon. This can be done by finding the orientation. In addition, since the normal vector at each vertex of each polygon constituting the edge model is used as the shading process normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the edge model, for example, each polygon of the polygon shading process etc. Shading processing can be performed using the normal vector of the vertex.
[0018]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the back model can have a smaller number of polygons than the reference model.
[0019]
According to this configuration, the number of polygons constituting the back model is smaller than the number of polygons constituting the reference model.
[0020]
That is, for example, in order to give a real feeling to a character appearing in a video game, the reference model needs to be composed of many fine polygons. However, for example, when the contour line is expressed by a single color, the back model that becomes the contour line does not need to be composed of many fine polygons. Therefore, by reducing the number of polygons that do not affect the contour line in the back model, the edge model in which the reference model and the back model are superimposed is simplified, and the time required for the drawing process can be shortened. Furthermore, by reducing the number of polygons constituting the back model, the memory area used for storing data associated with each vertex of each polygon constituting the back model can be reduced.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the present invention, when the reference model has a stepped portion, the polygon constituting the back model has a vertex on the extreme end of the stepped portion of the reference model and a vertex of the back model corresponding to the vertex. It is also possible to include a polygon composed of
[0022]
According to this configuration, when the reference model has a stepped portion, the polygon constituting the back model is configured with a vertex on the extreme end of the stepped portion of the reference model and a vertex of the back model corresponding to the vertex. Containing polygons.
[0023]
That is, when the reference model has a stepped portion, a polygon composed of a vertex on the endmost portion in the stepped portion of the reference model and a vertex on the endmost portion in the stepped portion of the back model corresponding to the vertex Since it is drawn as a contour line, when displaying an edged model, problems such as a contour line away from the reference model or flickering are eliminated, and a clean edged model can be displayed. In addition, when such a reference model is subjected to shading processing on an edged model with a stepped portion, the brightness of the contoured part of the edged model and the reference model part changes continuously, and the shades of the shadow are made uniform. In addition, when a contour line is attached to a reference model having a stepped portion, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process in which the same shadow density is applied to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0024]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the reference model includes a plane model,
The storage means includes the plane model and a back model in which the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination of the polygon along the thickness direction of the magnified model obtained by enlarging the plane model and adding thickness is inside the magnified model Can also be stored.
[0025]
According to this configuration, the reference model includes the plane model, and the storage unit is configured to determine the front and back of the polygon along the thickness direction of the plane model and the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the plane model and adding the thickness. An edged model is stored by superimposing a back model with the direction of the discriminant normal vector inside the enlarged model.
[0026]
That is, for example, a back model having the normal direction vector for polygon front / back determination of the polygon along the thickness direction of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging and giving a thickness to a plate-like planar model without thickness is used as the back model. As a result, it is possible to draw an edged model of a planar model without being affected by changes in the viewpoint position. In addition, when attaching a contour line to such a planar model, the brightness of the contoured part and the planar model part of the edged model in which the planar model and the back model are superimposed changes continuously, and the shade of the shadow is reduced. When the contour line is attached to the planar model, an appropriate shading process can be performed in which the contour portion and the planar model portion are shaded with the same shadow.
[0027]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the drawing means can draw regardless of the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination of the planar model.
[0028]
According to this configuration, the drawing means for drawing only the polygons whose normal vectors for front / rear discrimination of the polygons constituting the edged model are oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space is the polygon of the planar model. Draw regardless of the direction of the normal vector for front / back discrimination.
[0029]
That is, since the plane model is drawn by the drawing means regardless of the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination of the polygon constituting the plane model, the viewpoint position for displaying the surface of the plane polygon is, for example, Even when moving to the viewpoint position for displaying the back surface, it is possible to draw regardless of the front and back of the planar model without being affected by the change in the viewpoint position. In addition, when adding a contour line to a planar model that can be drawn on both sides in this way, the brightness of the contoured line part and the planar model part of the edged model with the planar model and the back model superimposed continuously changes. In addition, the shade density can be made uniform, and when the contour line is attached to the planar model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process that applies the same shade density to the contour line portion and the planar model portion.
[0030]
The present invention according to claim 2 is a three-dimensional game image processing method for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
Polygons used by the video game device to determine the front and back sides of the polygons constituting the reference model using the directions of the normal vectors for the front and back sides of the polygons used to determine the front and back sides of the polygons obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons Shading processing that sets the direction opposite to the direction of the normal vector for front / back discrimination and uses the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each enlarged polygon for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model A shading process step of superimposing a back model set in the same direction with respect to the direction of the normal vector on the reference model to form a rim model, and performing a shading process based on a shading process normal vector of each polygon of the rim model,
The video game apparatus includes a drawing step of drawing only a polygon in which a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the bordered model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. And
[0031]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional game image processing method for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space. The direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the polygon is set to be opposite to the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. In addition, a back model in which the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each enlarged polygon is set in the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model Overlapping the reference model to make an edge model, and each polygon of the edge model A shading processing step for performing shading processing based on a normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing, and a polygon normal / vertical discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting a framed model in the virtual game space A drawing step of drawing only a polygon facing the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera.
[0032]
That is, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model is set to the direction opposite to the direction of the vector, and the direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each expanded polygon is used. The back model set in the same direction is overlaid on the reference model to form an edged model, and shading processing is performed based on the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon of the edged model, and each of the elements constituting the edged model Polygon poly Only polygons down sides determine usage normal vector is facing the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space is drawn.
[0033]
Therefore, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. By overlaying the back model set in the opposite direction to the vector direction on the reference model to form an edged model, the back model can be drawn as an outline of the reference model.
[0034]
In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0035]
The present invention according to claim 3 is a video game apparatus for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
The direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each of the enlarged polygons is set to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. A back model set in the same direction on the reference model as an edged model, and a shading processing means for performing shading processing based on a normal vector for shading processing of each polygon of the edged model;
And a drawing means for drawing only polygons in which the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the edged model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space.
[0036]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a video game apparatus for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space. Each polygon obtained by enlarging a reference model composed of a plurality of polygons The direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of the polygon is set to the opposite direction to the direction of the normal vector for front / back discrimination of polygons used for front / back discrimination of the polygons constituting the reference model, and The edge model is created by superimposing the back model, which is set in the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model, on the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing. , Shading used for shading of each polygon of the edged model The shading processing means for performing shading processing based on the normal vector for ding processing, and the polygon normal / vertical discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon composing the edged model point in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. And a drawing means for drawing only the polygons.
[0037]
That is, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model is set to the direction opposite to the direction of the vector, and the direction of the normal vector for the shading process used for the shading process of each expanded polygon is used. The back model set in the same direction as the reference model is overlaid on the reference model to form a bordered model, and the shading processing means performs shading processing based on the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon of the bordered model, rendering place By the means, it is determined whether or not the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the framed model faces the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space, and the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera is determined. Texture mapping is performed on the polygon determined to have the normal polygon front / back discrimination normal vector, and the texture mapping is applied to the display memory. The contents of the display memory are read out at a predetermined period, thereby drawing the edge model.
[0038]
Therefore, the direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. By overlaying the back model set in the opposite direction to the vector direction on the reference model to form an edged model, the back model can be drawn as an outline of the reference model.
[0039]
In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0040]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a video game apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0041]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video game apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, a home video game apparatus configured by connecting a home video game machine to a home television will be described as an example of the video game apparatus, but the present invention is particularly limited to this example. In addition, the present invention can be similarly applied to a professional video game apparatus with an integrated monitor, a personal computer that functions as a video game apparatus by executing a video game program, and the like.
[0042]
The video game apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a home game machine 100 and a home television 200. The home-use game machine 100 is loaded with a computer-readable recording medium 300 on which a video game program and game data are recorded, and the video game program and game data are appropriately read to execute the game.
[0043]
A consumer game machine 100 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1, a bus line 2, a graphics data generation processor 3, an interface circuit (I / F) 4, a main memory 5, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 6, and an expansion circuit 7. , Parallel port 8, serial port 9, drawing processor 10, audio processor 11, decoder 12, interface circuit 13, buffers 14 to 16, recording medium drive 17, memory 18, and controller 19. The home television 200 includes a television monitor 21, an amplifier circuit 22 and a speaker 23.
[0044]
The CPU 1 is connected to the bus line 2 and the graphics data generation processor 3. The bus line 2 includes an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. The CPU 1, interface circuit 4, main memory 5, ROM 6, decompression circuit 7, parallel port 8, serial port 9, drawing processor 10, audio processor 11, decoder 12 And the interface circuit 13 are connected to each other.
[0045]
The drawing processor 10 is connected to the buffer 14. The audio processor 11 is connected to the buffer 15 and the amplifier circuit 22. The decoder 12 is connected to the buffer 16 and the recording medium drive 17. The interface circuit 13 is connected to the memory 18 and the controller 19.
[0046]
The television monitor 21 of the home television 200 is connected to the drawing processor 10. The speaker 23 is connected to the amplifier circuit 22. In the case of an arcade video game apparatus, the television monitor 21, the amplifier circuit 22, and the speaker 23 may be housed in a single casing together with each block constituting the consumer game machine 100.
[0047]
When the video game apparatus is configured with a personal computer, a workstation, or the like as a core, the television monitor 21 or the like corresponds to a computer display. The decompression circuit 7, the drawing processor 10, the audio processor 11, and the like correspond to a part of program data recorded in the recording medium 300 or hardware on an expansion board installed in an expansion slot of a computer. The interface circuit 4, the parallel port 8, the serial port 9, and the interface circuit 13 correspond to hardware on an expansion board mounted in an expansion slot of a computer. The buffers 14 to 16 correspond to the storage areas of the main memory 5 or the expansion memory, respectively.
[0048]
Next, each component shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The graphics data generation processor 3 serves as a coprocessor for the CPU 1. That is, the graphics data generation processor 3 performs coordinate conversion and light source calculation, for example, calculation of a fixed point format matrix or vector by parallel processing.
[0049]
The main processing performed by the graphics data generation processor 3 is based on the coordinate data, movement amount data, rotation amount data, etc. of each vertex in the two-dimensional or three-dimensional space of the image data supplied from the CPU 1. There are a process for obtaining address data of a processing target image on the display area and returning it to the CPU 1, a process for calculating the luminance of the image according to a distance from a virtually set light source, and the like.
[0050]
The interface circuit 4 is used for an interface of a peripheral device such as a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball. The main memory 5 is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory) or the like. The ROM 6 stores program data serving as an operating system for the video game apparatus. This program corresponds to a BIOS (Basic Input Output System) of a personal computer.
[0051]
The decompression circuit 7 performs decompression processing on a compressed image compressed by intra coding conforming to the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) standard for moving images and the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) standard for still images. The decompression process includes a decoding process (decoding of data encoded by VLC: Variable Length Code), an inverse quantization process, an IDCT (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform) process, an intra image restoration process, and the like.
[0052]
The drawing processor 10 performs a drawing process on the buffer 14 based on a drawing command issued by the CPU 1 every predetermined time T (for example, T = 1/60 seconds in one frame).
[0053]
The buffer 14 is composed of a RAM, for example, and is divided into a display area (frame buffer) and a non-display area. The display area is composed of a data development area to be displayed on the display surface of the television monitor 21. The non-display area is composed of storage areas such as data for defining a skeleton, model data for defining polygons, animation data for causing the model to move, pattern data indicating the contents of each animation, texture data, and color palette data.
[0054]
Here, the texture data is two-dimensional image data. The color palette data is data for designating a color such as texture data. The CPU 1 records these data in the non-display area of the buffer 14 in advance at a time from the recording medium 300 or a plurality of times according to the progress of the game.
[0055]
The drawing command includes a drawing command for drawing a stereoscopic image using a polygon and a drawing command for drawing a normal two-dimensional image. Here, the polygon is a polygonal two-dimensional virtual figure, and for example, a triangle or a quadrangle is used.
[0056]
A drawing command for drawing a stereoscopic image using polygons includes polygon vertex address data indicating the storage position of polygon vertex coordinate data in the display area of the buffer 14, and the storage position of the texture pasted on the polygon 14 in the buffer 14. Is performed on each of the color address data indicating the storage position on the buffer 14 and the color data indicating the texture brightness.
[0057]
Among the above data, the polygon vertex address data on the display area is converted by the graphics data generation processor 3 by performing coordinate conversion of the polygon vertex coordinate data in the three-dimensional space from the CPU 1 based on the movement amount data and the rotation amount data. It is replaced with polygon vertex coordinate data in two dimensions. The luminance data is determined by the graphics data generation processor 3 based on the distance from the position indicated by the polygon vertex coordinate data after the coordinate conversion from the CPU 1 to the light source virtually arranged.
[0058]
The polygon vertex address data indicates an address on the display area of the buffer 14. The drawing processor 10 performs a process of writing texture data corresponding to the display area range of the buffer 14 indicated by the three polygon vertex address data.
[0059]
An object such as a character in the game space is composed of a plurality of polygons. The CPU 1 stores the coordinate data of each polygon in the three-dimensional space in the buffer 14 in association with the corresponding skeleton vector data. When the character is moved on the display screen of the television monitor 21 by an operation of the controller 19 to be described later, when the character movement is expressed or the viewpoint position at which the character is viewed is changed, the following Processing is performed.
[0060]
That is, the CPU 1 obtains the graphics data generation processor 3 from the three-dimensional coordinate data of the vertices of each polygon held in the non-display area of the buffer 14, the skeleton coordinates, and the rotation amount data. Polygon movement amount data and rotation amount data are given.
[0061]
The graphics data generation processor 3 sequentially obtains the three-dimensional coordinate data after moving and rotating each polygon based on the three-dimensional coordinate data of the vertex of each polygon and the movement amount data and rotation amount data of each polygon.
[0062]
Of the three-dimensional coordinate data of each polygon thus obtained, the coordinate data in the horizontal and vertical directions are supplied to the drawing processor 10 as address data on the display area of the buffer 14, that is, polygon vertex address data.
[0063]
The drawing processor 10 writes the texture data indicated by the texture address data assigned in advance on the display area of the buffer 14 indicated by the three polygon vertex address data. As a result, on the display screen of the television monitor 21, an object in which textures are pasted on a large number of polygons is displayed.
[0064]
A drawing command for drawing a normal two-dimensional image indicates vertex address data, texture address data, color palette address data indicating the storage position on the buffer 14 of color palette data indicating the color of the texture data, and luminance of the texture. This is performed on the luminance data. Among these data, the vertex address data is obtained by the coordinate conversion of the vertex coordinate data on the two-dimensional plane from the CPU 1 by the graphics data generation processor 3 based on the movement amount data and the rotation amount data from the CPU 1.
[0065]
The audio processor 11 stores ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) data read from the recording medium 300 in the buffer 15, and the ADPCM data stored in the buffer 15 serves as a sound source.
[0066]
Also, the audio processor 11 reads ADPCM data from the buffer 15 based on, for example, a clock signal having a frequency of 44.1 kHz. The audio processor 11 performs processing such as pitch conversion, noise addition, envelope setting, level setting, and reverb addition on the read ADPCM data.
[0067]
When the audio data read from the recording medium 300 is PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) data such as CD-DA (Compact Disk Digital Audio), the audio processor 11 converts the audio data into ADPCM data. Further, the processing for the PCM data by the program is directly performed on the main memory 5. The PCM data processed on the main memory 5 is supplied to the audio processor 11 and converted into ADPCM data. Thereafter, the various processes described above are performed, and sound is output from the speaker 23.
[0068]
As the recording medium drive 17, for example, a DVD-ROM drive, a CD-ROM drive, a hard disk drive, an optical disk drive, a flexible disk drive, a silicon disk drive, a cassette medium reader, or the like is used. In this case, as the recording medium 300, a DVD-ROM, a CD-ROM, a hard disk, an optical disk, a flexible disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is used.
[0069]
The recording medium drive 17 reads image data, audio data, and program data from the recording medium 300 and supplies the read data to the decoder 12. The decoder 12 performs error correction processing by ECC (Error Correction Code) on the reproduced data from the recording medium drive 17 and supplies the data subjected to the error correction processing to the main memory 5 or the audio processor 11.
[0070]
For example, a card-type memory is used as the memory 18. The card type memory is used for holding various game parameters at the time of interruption, such as holding the state at the time of interruption when the game is interrupted.
[0071]
The controller 19 is an operation device used by the user to input various operation commands, and sends an operation signal corresponding to the user's operation to the CPU 1. The controller 19 includes a first button 19a, a second button 19b, a third button 19c, a fourth button 19d, an up key 19U, a down key 19D, a left key 19L, a right key 19R, and L1 buttons 19L1, L2. A button 19L2, an R1 button 19R1, an R2 button 19R2, a start button 19e, a select button 19f, a left stick 19SL and a right stick 19SR are provided.
[0072]
The up direction key 19U, the down direction key 19D, the left direction key 19L, and the right direction key 19R are used, for example, to give the CPU 1 a command for moving a character or cursor up, down, left, or right on the screen of the television monitor 21. .
[0073]
The start button 19e is used to instruct the CPU 1 to load a game program from the recording medium 300. The select button 19f is used to instruct the CPU 1 to make various selections related to the game program loaded from the recording medium 300 to the main memory 5.
[0074]
The buttons and keys of the controller 19 except the left stick 19SL and the right stick 19SR are turned on when pressed from the neutral position by an external pressing force, and return to the neutral position when the pressing force is released. It consists of an on / off switch that turns off.
[0075]
The left stick 19SL and the right stick 19SR are stick-type controllers having almost the same configuration as a so-called joystick. This stick-type controller has an upright stick, and can be tilted over a 360 ° direction including front, rear, left and right with a predetermined position of the stick as a fulcrum. The left stick 19SL and the right stick 19SR are connected to the CPU 1 via the interface circuit 13 using the values of the x-coordinate in the left-right direction and the y-coordinate in the front-rear direction as the operation signals according to the tilt direction and tilt angle of the stick. To send.
[0076]
The first button 19a, the second button 19b, the third button 19c, the fourth button 19d, the L1 button 19L1, the L2 button 19L2, the R1 button 19R1, and the R2 button 19R2 correspond to the game program loaded from the recording medium 300. Used for various functions.
[0077]
Next, the general operation of the video game apparatus will be described. When the recording medium 300 is loaded in the recording medium drive 17, when a power switch (not shown) is turned on and the video game apparatus is turned on, the recording medium is recorded based on the operating system stored in the ROM 6. The CPU 1 instructs the recording medium drive 17 to read the game program from 300. As a result, the recording medium drive 17 reads image data, audio data, and program data from the recording medium 300. The read image data, audio data, and program data are supplied to the decoder 12, and the decoder 12 performs error correction processing on each data.
[0078]
The image data that has been subjected to error correction processing by the decoder 12 is supplied to the decompression circuit 7 via the bus line 2. The image data that has been subjected to the expansion processing described above by the expansion circuit 7 is supplied to the drawing processor 10, and is written into the non-display area of the buffer 14 by the drawing processor 10. The audio data that has been subjected to the error correction processing by the decoder 12 is written into the buffer 15 via the main memory 5 or the audio processor 11. Program data that has been subjected to error correction processing by the decoder 12 is written into the main memory 5.
[0079]
Thereafter, the CPU 1 advances the video game based on the game program stored in the main memory 5 and the content that the user instructs using the controller 19. In other words, the CPU 1 appropriately performs control of image processing, control of sound processing, control of internal processing, and the like based on contents that the user instructs using the controller 19.
[0080]
As image processing control, for example, the calculation of the coordinates of each skeleton or the calculation of the vertex coordinate data of polygons from the pattern data corresponding to the animation instructed to the character, the obtained three-dimensional coordinate data and the graphics data of the viewpoint position data Supply to the generation processor 3, issue of a rendering command including address data and luminance data on the display area of the buffer 14 obtained by the graphics data generation processor 3 are performed.
[0081]
As control of audio processing, for example, issue of an audio output command to the audio processor 11, specification of level, reverb, etc. are performed. As control of the internal processing, for example, calculation according to the operation of the controller 19 is performed.
[0082]
In the present embodiment, data of an edge model in which the reference model and the back model are overlapped and integrated is stored in advance in the recording medium 300 as model data, and the data of the edge model is stored in a predetermined buffer 14 by a drawing command of the CPU 1. Are read out on the non-display area, written in the display area by performing the above-described image processing, and then repeatedly read out and drawn on the television monitor 21 as a display means. The reference model is a polygon model composed of a plurality of polygons without contour lines, and the back model is the reference model that determines the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model. Set the reference model to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each enlarged polygon, while setting the direction opposite to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back detection used for front / back discrimination of each polygon This is a polygon model set in the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon to be performed. When the framed model is drawn, this back model is displayed on the game screen as the outline of the reference model.
[0083]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the functional configuration of the main part centering on the operation of the video game apparatus shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the video game apparatus is functionally mainly composed of a CPU 1, a graphics data generation processor 3, a rendering processor 10, a computer-readable recording medium 300, a buffer 14, and a television. A monitor 21 and a controller 19 are included.
[0084]
The recording medium 300 includes a program storage unit 34 that stores a video game program including a three-dimensional game image processing program, a camera line-of-sight data storage unit 35 that stores vector data representing the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the virtual camera, and a polygon. It functions as a model data storage unit 36 that stores model information. Note that when the three-dimensional game image processing program is read from the recording medium 300 and is recorded in the main memory 5, the main memory 5 functions as the program storage unit 34.
[0085]
The model data storage unit 36 sets the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model to the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. In addition to setting the opposite direction, the direction of the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each enlarged polygon is set to the same direction as the direction of the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model The back model is superimposed on the reference model and stored as an edged model. The model data storage unit 36 includes texture data 361 that stores texture data of each polygon constituting the bordered model, vertex normal vector data 362 that stores vertex normal vectors of each vertex of each polygon constituting the border model, , Vertex coordinate data 363 storing the coordinates of each vertex position of each polygon constituting the edge model, and each polygon is a polygon that draws only the surface, or a polygon that draws both surfaces (polygon constituting a plane model) Attribute data 364 for storing whether or not there is is provided in a table format as data corresponding to each polygon for each edged model.
[0086]
In this embodiment, the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the polygon model is a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector, and the vertex normal vector of each vertex of each polygon constituting the polygon model is a shading processing normal. Is a vector. Polygon front / back discrimination normal vector is a normal vector used to discriminate between the front and back sides of a polygon, and shading processing normal vector is a normal vector used for shading processing. is there.
[0087]
The graphics data generation processor 3 functions as a polygon determination unit 31 and a shading processing unit 32.
[0088]
The polygon discriminating unit 31 discriminates the surface as a surface when the surface normal vector of the polygon constituting the edge model faces the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera, and the surface normal vector of the polygon constituting the edge model is the virtual camera. When it is facing the opposite direction with respect to the viewpoint position, it is determined as the back surface. Specifically, the polygon discriminating unit 31 calculates the inner product of the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the edged model and the line-of-sight direction vector representing the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint from the start point of the surface normal vector. When the inner product is positive for each of the polygons constituting, the front surface is determined, and when the inner product is negative, the back surface is determined.
[0089]
The shading processing unit 32 performs a shading process based on the vertex normal vector of each polygon constituting the edged model.
[0090]
The drawing processor 10 performs texture mapping, rendering processing, and the like on each model arranged in the three-dimensional space to form an image of the entire model, and functions as the drawing processing unit 33.
[0091]
The drawing processing unit 33 draws only polygons in which the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the bordered model is oriented in the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position in the virtual game space. Further, when the reference model is a plane model, the drawing processing unit 33 draws regardless of the direction of the surface normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination.
[0092]
In the present embodiment, the shading processing unit 32 corresponds to a shading processing unit, the drawing processing unit 33 corresponds to a drawing unit, and the model data storage unit 35 corresponds to a storage unit.
[0093]
Polygons constituting the polygon model are polygonal planes such as triangles and quadrilaterals, and one surface of the plane is set as the front surface and the other surface is set as the back surface. The polygon is formed by connecting the vertex coordinates in order, and the order of connecting the vertex coordinates is listed. If the order of connecting the vertex coordinates is clockwise when viewed from the screen, the polygon normal vector is the direction from the back surface to the front surface. If the order of connecting the vertex coordinates is counterclockwise when viewed from the screen, the polygon surface method The line vector is in the direction from the front surface to the back surface. When the surface normal vector of the polygon faces the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the polygon is identified as the surface and drawn. If the surface normal vector of the polygon faces the direction opposite to the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the polygon is determined as the back surface and is not drawn. Therefore, for the reference model, the outer polygon on the virtual camera viewpoint side is drawn as the front surface, and for the back model, the inner polygon on the virtual camera viewpoint side is drawn as the front surface, and an edged model having an outline is drawn.
[0094]
In the present embodiment, when the surface normal vector of the polygon faces the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the line segment connecting the virtual camera viewpoint and the start point of the surface normal vector and the surface normal vector This is a case where the included angle is less than 90 °. In addition, when the surface normal vector of the polygon is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the line segment connecting the virtual camera viewpoint and the start point of the surface normal vector, the surface normal vector, Is a case where the included angle is 90 ° or more. In addition, when the surface normal vector of the polygon faces the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the angle between the line segment connecting the virtual camera viewpoint and the starting point of the surface normal vector and the surface normal vector is 90 degrees or less. In this case, when the surface normal vector of the polygon is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position, the virtual camera viewpoint and the surface normal vector This is the case where the included angle formed by the line segment connecting the start point and the surface normal vector is greater than 90 °.
[0095]
Further, in the present embodiment, the inner polygon is a polygon whose surface normal vector faces the inside direction of a polygon model (reference model or back model) composed of the polygon, Is a polygon whose surface normal vector faces the outside direction of a polygon model (reference model or back model) constituted by the polygon.
[0096]
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the reference model and the edged model are drawn without being subjected to the shading process. FIG. 3A is an example in which only the reference model is drawn without being subjected to the shading process, and FIG. 3B is a diagram in which the reference model shown in FIG. This is an example in which the framed model is drawn without being subjected to the shading process, and is an example of a character that is actually displayed on the television monitor 21. Note that the vertex normal vector and the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the back model B shown in FIG. 3B are both directed to the inside of the back model B.
[0097]
As shown in FIG. 3A, when a character is represented by only the reference model A without an outline, it cannot be differentiated from the surrounding background, and an animation-like expression is not achieved. Therefore, the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model A is opposite to the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model A. The set back model B is overlapped with the reference model A to form an edged model M, and by drawing the edged model M, a contour line is added to the character as shown in FIG. It will be an expression, and will be differentiated from the background image, making the model stand out.
[0098]
However, when the edge model M shown in FIG. 3B is subjected to the shading process, the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the back model B is the shading process for each polygon constituting the reference model A. Since it is directed in the direction opposite to the vertex normal vector used in the above, the shade density of the outline portion and the shade density of the reference model A are displayed differently depending on the position of the light source.
[0099]
FIG. 4 is a screen diagram showing an example of an image obtained by performing a shading process on the edged model in which the directions of the surface normal vector and the vertex normal vector of the polygon constituting the back model are both inside the back model. The screen 400 shown in FIG. 4 displays an edged model M1 in which a reference model A1 and a back model B1 obtained by enlarging the reference model A1 are overlapped. In the screen 400, the light source is provided on the left side of the edged model M1 when viewed from the virtual camera viewpoint. In the reference model A1 shown in FIG. 4, since the light source is on the left side of the fringed model M1, one reference model portion 401 of the reference model A1 is brighter and goes to the other reference model portion 402 of the reference model A1. Therefore it is fading gradually. On the other hand, although the back model B1 has a light source on the left side of the edged model M1, one contour line portion 403 of the back model B1 is dark and goes to the other contour portion 404 of the back model B1. Therefore it is getting brighter gradually. This is because the vertex normal vector for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model A1 faces the outside of the reference model A1, and the vertex normal vector of each polygon constituting the back model B1 is inside the back model B1. It happens because you are facing As shown in FIG. 4, if the gradations of shadows of the reference model A1 and the back model B1 are different, the display becomes very uncomfortable. Therefore, when creating the back model B1, the surface normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the back model B1 is directed to the inside of the back model B1, and the shading processing of each polygon constituting the back model B1 is performed. The vertex normal vector is directed to the outside of the back model B1.
[0100]
Next, processing performed as a previous stage of the three-dimensional game image processing according to the present embodiment will be described below.
[0101]
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a reference model, a back model, and an edged model including a reference model and a back model. FIG. 5A shows a polygon PO. _A FIG. 5B shows a polygon PO. _B FIG. 5C is a diagram showing an edged model M in which the reference model A and the back model B are overlapped.
[0102]
First, the reference model A is expanded. At this time, the coordinates serving as the center point of the reference model A are set and enlarged from the center point in all directions at a predetermined ratio. Since this center point is the origin in the local coordinate system, the vertex coordinate of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the reference model A is obtained by multiplying each vertex coordinate of the reference model A by a predetermined magnification. Further, the vertices of each polygon of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the reference model A are arranged on the normal vector of each vertex of the reference model A. Thus, an enlarged model that is uniformly enlarged from the reference model A can be created. Further, the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the reference model A is the direction of the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model A. The direction of the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each enlarged polygon is the same as the direction of the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model A. Back model B is created by setting the direction.
[0103]
Subsequently, the reference model A and the back model B are overlapped to obtain an integrated edged model M. The edged model M created as described above is corrected, and the edged model M is recorded as model data. 300 is stored. The correction here is to correct a defect in the back model B that occurs when the reference model A is enlarged at a predetermined magnification. Specifically, a new center point is set, and a predetermined magnification is set from the center point. This is performed by enlarging or reducing the image, and further by newly setting the vertex coordinates of the polygon.
[0104]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5A, the reference model A has a large number of fine polygons PO in order to give a real feeling. _A For this reason, the back model B, which is obtained by enlarging the reference model A at a predetermined magnification, has a polygon PO to be drawn. _B The number of images increases, and drawing processing takes time. Since the back model B is a polygon model that becomes a contour line, for example, when the contour line is represented by a single color such as black, the polygon PO _B Even if the number is reduced, the displayed back model B is hardly affected. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, the back model B is not simply an enlargement of the reference model A at a predetermined magnification, but a polygon PO that does not affect the texture vertices and contours of the back model B. _B It is possible to reduce the number of polygons by omitting the vertices and the like, thereby reducing the time required for the drawing process and increasing the speed. Further, by reducing the number of polygons constituting the back model B, the number of vertices of each polygon constituting the back model is also reduced, and the memory area used for storing data associated with each vertex is reduced. Can do.
[0105]
Next, the surface normal vector for distinguishing the polygon front and back of each polygon constituting the back model is directed to the inside of the back model, and the vertex normal vector of each polygon constituting the back model is directed to the outside of the back model. A creation method will be described with reference to FIG.
[0106]
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the right side portion MA of the framed model M shown in FIG. 5C, and is a schematic view of the framed model M viewed from the side with respect to the viewing direction of the virtual camera viewpoint C.
[0107]
Polygon PO composing reference model A _A Surface normal vector V _A Is the polygon PO _A Perpendicular to the reference model A. This surface normal vector V _A Is the polygon PO _A Each vertex P _A Vertex normal vector V _NA Can be calculated by obtaining the outer product of.
[0108]
To create the back model B, first, the polygon PO constituting the back model B _B Each vertex P _B Vertex normal vector V _NB And the vertex normal vector -V _NB And And this vertex normal vector -V _NB The polygon PO constituting the back model B is obtained by calculating the outer product of _B Surface normal vector V _B Is calculated. This surface normal vector V _B Is the polygon PO _B Is facing the inside of the back model B. Subsequently, the surface normal vector V _B The vertex normal vector −V that was inverted earlier is left unchanged. _NB The original vertex normal vector V by inverting again _NB And
[0109]
In this way, a plurality of polygons PO _A Each polygon PO obtained by enlarging the reference model A composed of _B Surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination _B Each polygon PO constituting the reference model A with the direction of _A Surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination _A Set as the opposite direction to the direction of _B Vertex normal vector V used for shading processing _NB Each polygon PO constituting the reference model A _A Vertex normal vector V used for shading processing _NA The back model B set as the same direction with respect to the direction can be superimposed on the reference model A to create a model M with an edge. That is, the vertex normal vector V of the reference model A _NA And surface normal vector V _A Indicates the outside of the reference model A, and the vertex normal vector V of the back model B _NB Faces the outside of the back model B, and the surface normal vector V of the back model B _B Is facing the inside of the back model B. When the reference model A and the back model B are overlapped, the reference point of the reference model A and the reference point of the back model B are matched. As the reference point, for example, the center of gravity of the reference model A and the back model B is used. By superimposing the back model B created as described above and the reference model A, an edged model M in which the reference model A is included in the back model B is created, and the created edged model M is stored in advance on the recording medium. 300 or the like.
[0110]
Next, a method for discriminating the front and back surfaces of the polygon will be described with reference to FIG. To determine whether the polygon constituting the model is the front or back surface, the inner product of the line-of-sight vector representing the vector in the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint at the start position of the surface normal vector and the surface normal vector is used. If the calculated inner product is positive, it is determined as the front surface, and if the inner product is negative, it is determined as the back surface. In the reference model A shown in FIG. 6, the surface normal vector V _A The line-of-sight vector V representing the vector in the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position C at the start position a _C And surface normal vector V _A Inner product V _A ・ V _C Is represented by the following equation (1).
V _A ・ V _C = | V _A ｜｜ V _C ｜ cos θ ₁ (1)
In the above equation (1), V _A Is polygon PO _A Represents the surface normal vector at V _C Is the line-of-sight vector V _C Represents θ ₁ Is the surface normal vector V _A And gaze direction vector V _C Represents the included angle.
[0111]
As shown in FIG. ₁ Is θ ₁ Since it is <90 ° (π / 2), the line-of-sight direction vector V is calculated by the above equation (1). _C And surface normal vector V _A Inner product V _A ・ V _C Is V _A ・ V _C > 0 and the polygon PO constituting the reference model A _A Is determined to be a surface.
[0112]
In the back model B shown in FIG. 6, the surface normal vector V _B Eye gaze direction vector V representing a vector in the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint position C at the start point position b of _C And surface normal vector V _B Inner product V _B ・ V _C Is represented by the following equation (2).
V _B ・ V _C = | V _B ｜｜ V _C ｜ cos θ ₂ (2)
In the above equation (1), V _B Is polygon PO _B Represents the surface normal vector at V _C Is the line-of-sight vector V _C Represents θ ₂ Is the surface normal vector V _B And gaze direction vector V _C Represents the included angle.
[0113]
As shown in FIG. ₂ Is θ ₂ Since ≧ 90 ° (π / 2), the line-of-sight vector V _C And surface normal vector V _B Inner product V _B ・ V _C Is V _B ・ V _C <0, and polygon PO constituting back model B _B Is determined to be the back side.
[0114]
In this way, by performing a simple calculation for calculating the inner product of the surface normal vector and the line-of-sight direction vector of the polygon, the front and back of the polygon can be easily discriminated.
[0115]
Next, a case where the reference model A is a plate-like planar model will be described. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an edged model M2 including a planar model A2 and a back model B2. Since the plate-like plane model A2 needs to be visible from both the front and back sides, both sides are always drawn regardless of the front and back sides of the polygon. In this case, not only when the entire model is a plane but also when a part of the model is a plane, only the plane portion is always drawn regardless of the front and back. Therefore, a back model B2 and a plane model A2 in which the direction of the surface normal vector of each polygon in the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the planar model A2 by the size of the contour line and adding thickness to the inside of the enlarged model are The overlapped edge model M2 is stored in advance in the recording medium 300 so that the contour line is drawn from any angle.
[0116]
Thus, for example, the direction of the surface normal vector of the polygon along the thickness direction of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging and giving the thickness to the plate-like planar model A2 having no thickness is set to the inside of the enlarged model, and the vertex normal is obtained. By creating the back model B2 with the vector direction outside the magnified model, the edge model M2 of the planar model A2 can be drawn without being affected by the change in the viewpoint position. In addition, even when an outline is attached to such a planar model A2, the direction of the polygon normal vector along the thickness direction of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the planar model A2 and adding thickness is set to By setting the inner side, the brightness of the contour line part and the planar model part of the edged model M2 obtained by superimposing the planar model A2 and the back model B2 can be continuously changed, and the shading can be made uniform. When the contour line is attached to the planar model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the planar model portion.
[0117]
Next, a method for correcting the edged model M when the reference model A has a stepped portion will be described. When the reference model A has a portion where two or more reference models A overlap each other or an uneven surface such as a small stepped portion, the enlargement of the reference model A only allows the reference model A to be viewed from a specific viewpoint. A gap is formed between the edge and the polygon of the back model B, and the phenomenon that the outline appears to float or flickers occurs. Therefore, when the reference model A has a stepped portion, it is necessary to correct the polygon of the back model B.
[0118]
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of correcting the edged model M when the reference model A has a stepped portion. FIGS. 8A and 8C are schematic views of the drawn edged model M viewed from the side with respect to the line of sight from the virtual camera viewpoint, and FIGS. 8B and 8D are drawn. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the model M with the edge from the virtual camera viewpoint. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8C, the reference model A has a stepped portion D. _A Since the back model B is an enlarged version of the reference model A at a predetermined magnification, the step portion D is formed. _B It is the shape which has. As shown in FIG. 8A, when the surface normal vector of the polygon constituting the back model B is inverted inward, the step portion D _B Polygon PO formed by connecting the vertex Pb and the vertex Pb ′ on the extreme end of _B Is drawn as an outline. Then, when the edged model M viewed with a line of sight as shown by a chain line in FIG. 8A is drawn, a gap is formed between the back model B, which is a contour line, and the reference model A as shown in FIG. 8B. S is made. As described above, when the gap S is formed between the reference model A and the back model B, the contour line is not drawn at an appropriate position, so that it appears to the user as if the contour line is floating. Therefore, in order to prevent a gap S from being formed between the reference model A and the back model B, correction is performed so as to close a portion where the gap S is seen from various viewpoints. That is, as shown in FIG. 8C, the vertex Pb ′ of the back model B is set to the step portion D of the reference model A. _A Is moved to the vertex Pa on the extreme end of the polygon PO, and the polygon PO is connected between the vertex Pb and the vertex Pa. _B By doing so, the gap S between the reference model A and the back model B becomes a polygon PO. _B It is closed by 'and the outline is drawn without gaps. In this case, the polygon PO _B The surface normal vector of 'is set to face the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint C, and the vertex normal vector is also set to face the direction of the virtual camera viewpoint C.
[0119]
In addition, the polygon PO is simply connected between the vertex Pb and the vertex Pa. _B Just “Polygon PO” _B The width of the contour line represented by 'becomes thicker than the width of the other contour lines, so the step portion D of the reference model A _A And the step D of the back model B corresponding to the vertex Pa. _B The width between the vertices Pb on the most end portion may be changed according to the width of another contour line.
[0120]
Thus, the reference model A is the stepped portion D. _A Step D of the reference model A _A And the stepped portion D of the back model B corresponding to the vertex Pa. _B Polygon PO composed of the vertex Pb on the extreme end in _B Since 'is drawn as a contour line, when the model M with a border is displayed, problems such as a contour line away from the reference model A and flickering are eliminated, and a clean model M with a border can be displayed. become. Further, such a reference model A has a stepped portion D. _A Even when the shading process is applied to the rimmed model M having, the brightness of the contour line portion of the rimmed model M and the reference model portion continuously change, and the shading can be made uniform. _A When a contour line is attached to the reference model A having, appropriate shading processing can be performed in which the same shadow shade is applied to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0121]
FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining 3D game image processing by the video game apparatus shown in FIG. Note that the three-dimensional game image processing in the video game apparatus is processing performed by the CPU 1 or the like executing a three-dimensional game image processing program.
[0122]
First, in step S1, the CPU 1 uses the surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model A. _B Is the surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model A. _A Model data related to the edge model M obtained by superimposing the back model B set in the opposite direction to the reference model A is read from the recording medium 300, and the data is sent to the graphics data generation processor 3.
[0123]
Subsequently, in step S2, the graphics data generation processor 3 determines based on the attribute data whether or not the polygons constituting the read edge model M are drawn regardless of the front and back sides. Each polygon constituting the framed model M is associated with attribute data as a flag indicating whether it is a polygon for drawing only the surface polygon of the polygon model or a polygon for which both sides are drawn. For example, when the flag is “1”, the polygon is a polygon in which only the front surface is drawn without drawing the back side, and when the flag is “0”, the polygon is a polygon in which both sides are drawn regardless of the front and back sides. It is determined. Here, when the edge model M is a polygon of a planar model drawn regardless of the front and back, and the flag is “0” (YES in step S2), the process proceeds to step S4, where the edge model M is a polygon with front and back. If the flag is “1” (NO in step S2), the process proceeds to step S3.
[0124]
In step S3, the graphics data generation processor 3 determines whether the polygon is a surface viewed from the virtual camera viewpoint. The graphics data generation processor 3 determines whether or not the polygon of the edged model M with the front and back sides is the surface. The graphics data generation processor 3 calculates the inner product between the line-of-sight direction vector and the surface normal vector of the polygon. If the inner product is positive, it is determined as a surface (YES in step S3), and the polygon data on the display area of the buffer 14 is displayed. The polygon vertex address data indicating the storage position at is sent to the drawing processor 10, and the process proceeds to step S4. If the inner product of the line-of-sight direction vector and the surface normal vector of the polygon is negative, the graphics data generation processor 3 determines that it is the back surface (NO in step S3), and ends without drawing the polygon.
[0125]
In step S4, the graphics data generation processor 3 performs a shading process on the polygon determined as the surface in step S3.
[0126]
Here, the shading process will be described. The shading process is a process for applying shades of shade generated on the model surface by irradiating the model with light from a light source. In this embodiment, the shading process uses a Gouraud shading process which is one of the smooth shading processes. As a light source used for the shading process, an infinite light source, a point light source, a spotlight, a line light source, a surface light source, or the like may be used.
[0127]
The Gouraud shading process is a process performed using the vertex normal vector of each polygon constituting the model. Specifically, the luminance of all the vertices constituting the polygon is calculated, and the luminance of the ridge line of the polygon and the luminance of each point inside the polygon are determined by linear interpolation based on the luminance of the vertex. The graphics data generation processor 3 sends the polygon brightness calculated as described above to the drawing processor 10 as brightness data. In this way, in the Gouraud shading process, the brightness of the vertex is obtained from the vertex normal vector of each polygon, and the shading process is performed to smoothly show the connection between adjacent polygons by applying gradation to the plane by linear interpolation. By performing the shading process by the Gouraud shading process, the corners and ridgelines of the polygons constituting the edged model M displayed become inconspicuous, the brightness changes continuously, and the shades of the shadow can be expressed smoothly.
[0128]
In step S5, the drawing processor 10 draws the polygon determined to be the front surface in step S3. The drawing processor 10 draws in the display area of the buffer 14 based on the luminance data and polygon vertex address data of the polygon determined to be the surface in step S3, and the polygon is displayed on the display surface of the television monitor 21. Is done.
[0129]
In this way, the surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model A _B The direction of (polygon front / back normal vector) is the surface normal vector V used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model A. _A The back model B set in the opposite direction to the direction of (polygon front / back discrimination normal vector) is superimposed on the reference model A to form an edged model M, so that the back model B is drawn as a contour line of the reference model A. .
[0130]
In addition, the direction of the vertex normal vector (shading processing normal vector) used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the back model B serving as the contour line is used as the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the reference model A. By setting the same direction as the (shading processing normal vector) direction, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model M in which the reference model A and the back model B are superimposed and the reference model part continuously change. In addition, when shading can be made uniform and a contour line is added to the reference model A composed of a plurality of polygons, an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shading to the contour portion and the reference model portion. It can be performed.
[0131]
Further, the direction of the surface normal vector (polygon front / back discrimination normal vector) used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model A is the surface normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model A. Since the back model B set in the opposite direction to the direction of the (polygon front / back discrimination normal vector) is superimposed on the reference model A and stored in advance in the recording medium 300 as the edged model M, the reference model A is enlarged. The time required for the processing can be shortened as compared with the case where the geometric processing for superimposing and changing the direction of the normal vector to make the edged model M is performed each time drawing is performed.
[0132]
FIG. 10 is a screen diagram illustrating an example of an edged model subjected to shading processing. A screen 410 shown in FIG. 10 displays an edged model M in which a reference model A and a back model B obtained by enlarging the reference model A are overlapped. In the screen 410, the light source is provided on the left side of the framed model M when viewed from the virtual camera viewpoint. In the reference model A shown in FIG. 10, since the light source is on the left side of the fringed model M, one reference model portion 401 of the reference model A is bright and goes to the other reference model portion 402 of the reference model A. Therefore it is fading gradually. Furthermore, since the light source is also on the left side of the edged model M with respect to the back model B, it gradually darkens from one contour line portion 403 to the other contour portion 404 of the back model B. FIG. The contour part 403 of the back model B is lighter than the contour part 403 of the back model B1 shown in FIG. 4, and the contour part 404 of the back model B is compared to the contour line part 404 of the back model B1 shown in FIG. Is getting darker. Thus, the reference model A can be contoured by setting the vertex normal vector of the back model B outside the back model B and the surface normal vector of the back model B inside the back model B. At the same time, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow density to the reference model A and the back model B, and it is possible to realize a contour line without a sense of incongruity.
[0133]
In the above embodiment, it is assumed that the edge model M is created by superimposing the reference model A and the back model B obtained by enlarging the reference model A, and data relating to the edge model M is stored in advance. Although described above, the present invention is not particularly limited to this, and only the data related to the reference model A may be stored, and the marginal model M may be created for each drawing process. Hereinafter, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0134]
FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining another embodiment of the three-dimensional game image processing by the video game apparatus shown in FIG. Note that the three-dimensional game image processing in the video game apparatus is processing performed by the CPU 1 or the like executing a three-dimensional game image processing program.
[0135]
In step S <b> 11, the CPU 1 reads data related to the reference model A from the recording medium 300 and sends the data to the graphics data generation processor 3.
[0136]
In step S12, the graphics data generation processor 3 creates an enlarged model in which the reference model A is enlarged by a predetermined magnification by the size of the contour line. The vertex coordinates of each polygon constituting the enlarged model can be obtained by multiplying the vertex coordinates of each polygon constituting the reference model A by a predetermined magnification.
[0137]
In step S13, the graphics data generation processor 3 keeps the direction of the vertex normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the enlarged model created in step S12, and determines the front and back surfaces of each polygon. A back model B is created with the normal vector as a direction opposite to the direction of the surface normal vector for distinguishing the front and back of each polygon constituting the reference model A.
[0138]
In step S14, the graphics data generation processor 3 creates an edged model M by superimposing the reference model A and the back model B created in step S13. At this time, the edged model M is created by matching the center position (for example, the center of gravity) of the reference model A with the center position (for example, the center of gravity) of the back model B.
[0139]
The processing from step S15 to step S18 is the same as the processing from step S2 to step S5 in FIG.
[0140]
The process in step S13 and the process in step S14 may be reversed. In step S13, the reference model A and the enlarged model are overlapped, and in step S14, the direction of the surface normal vector of the enlarged model is changed. A model M may be created.
[0141]
In this way, without creating the edged model M in which the reference model A and the back model B are overlapped in advance and storing them in the recording medium 300, only the data relating to the reference model A is stored in the recording medium 300, and the CPU 1 The edged model M may be created based on the reference model A by the geometry processing of the video game device in response to the drawing instruction. In this case, it takes some time to create the marginal model M, but only the data related to the reference model A needs to be stored, so the storage capacity of the memory can be reduced.
[0142]
In the present embodiment, it is possible to change the color and texture of the contour line represented by the back model. That is, by setting the texture data of each polygon of the back model to be the contour line in various colors and materials, various expressions according to the game situation are possible. For example, the aura appears by adding gradation to the polygon of the back model obtained by enlarging the reference model representing the character appearing in the game at a predetermined magnification.
[0143]
In the present embodiment, the Gouraud shading process is used as the shading process. However, the present invention is not particularly limited to this, and other smooth shading processes such as a flat shading process or a phone shading process are used. May be.
[0144]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is used to configure each polygon constituting the reference model. The back model can be drawn as the outline of the reference model by overlapping the back model set in the opposite direction to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back detection used for the front / back discrimination with the reference model. . In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0145]
In addition, according to the present invention, the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is enlarged, and the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination for discriminating the front / back of each enlarged polygon is determined. Since the edge model in which the back model set in the opposite direction to the direction of the normal vector for discrimination is superimposed on the reference model is stored in advance, this is done after superimposing the back model on which the reference model is enlarged and the reference model. It is not necessary to perform geometry processing for changing the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back determination of each polygon constituting the back model, and the time required for this geometry processing can be shortened.
[0146]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the surface normal vector of each polygon constituting the edge model is used as the polygon front / back identification normal vector used for front / back identification of each polygon constituting the edge model, This can be done by obtaining the direction of the surface normal vector. In addition, since the normal vector at each vertex of each polygon constituting the edge model is used as the shading process normal vector used for the shading process of each polygon constituting the edge model, for example, each polygon of the polygon shading process etc. Shading processing can be performed using the normal vector of the vertex.
[0147]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, the back model reduces the number of polygons that do not affect the contour line, thereby simplifying the edge model in which the reference model and the back model are overlapped, and reducing the time required for the drawing process. In addition, by reducing the number of polygons constituting the back model, the memory area used for storing data associated with each vertex of each polygon constituting the back model can be reduced. it can.
[0148]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the reference model has a stepped portion, the vertex on the endmost portion in the stepped portion of the reference model and the vertex on the endmost portion in the stepped portion of the back model corresponding to the vertex Since the polygon composed of and is drawn as a contour line, when displaying a model with a border, problems such as a contour line away from the reference model or flickering can be solved, and a beautiful model with a border can be displayed. In addition, even when such a reference model is subjected to a shading process on an edged model having a stepped portion, the brightness of the contoured part of the edged model and the reference model part changes continuously, and shadows change. If the reference model with a step is attached with a contour line, the same shadow shade should be applied to the contour part and the reference model part. It is possible to perform the shading process.
[0149]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, for example, the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination of the polygon along the thickness direction of the enlarged model obtained by enlarging the plate-like planar model without thickness and giving the thickness is By using the back model as the inside, it is possible to draw a model with an edge of the plane model without being affected by changes in the viewpoint position. Furthermore, even when an outline is attached to the plane model, the plane model and the back model The brightness of the contoured part of the model with the edge and the planar model part changes continuously, and the shade of the shadow can be made uniform, and when the contour line is attached to the planar model, the contour part Appropriate shading processing for applying the same shade of shade to the plane model portion can be performed.
[0150]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the polygons constituting the plane model have attribute information that can be drawn on both sides, for example, the viewpoint position for displaying the surface of the plane polygon is the plane polygon. Even when moving to the viewpoint position for displaying the back of the plane, it is possible to draw regardless of the front and back of the plane model without being affected by the change of the viewpoint position. Even when a contour line is attached to the model, the brightness of the contour line part and the planar model part of the edged model where the planar model and the back model are overlaid changes continuously, making it possible to make the shadow shade uniform. When the contour line is attached to the planar model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the planar model portion.
[0151]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is used to configure each polygon constituting the reference model. The back model can be drawn as the outline of the reference model by overlapping the back model set in the opposite direction to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back detection used for the front / back discrimination with the reference model. . In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[0152]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is used to configure each polygon constituting the reference model. The back model can be drawn as the outline of the reference model by overlapping the back model set in the opposite direction to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back detection used for the front / back discrimination with the reference model. . In addition, the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon that constitutes the back model serving as the contour line is set to the same direction as the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. By doing so, the brightness of the outline part of the edged model that overlaps the reference model and the back model and the reference model part change continuously, and the shades of shade can be made uniform. In the case where a contour line is attached to the configured reference model, it is possible to perform an appropriate shading process for applying the same shadow shade to the contour line portion and the reference model portion.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video game apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a main part centering on an operation of the video game apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a reference model and an edged model are drawn without being subjected to shading processing.
FIG. 4 is a screen diagram illustrating an example of an image obtained by performing a shading process on an edged model in which the surface normal vector and the vertex normal vector of a polygon constituting the back model are both inside the back model.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a reference model, a back model, and an edged model including a reference model and a back model.
6 is an enlarged view of the right side portion MA of the model M with an edge shown in FIG. 5 (c).
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an edged model M2 including a plane model A2 and a back model B2.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for correcting an edged model M when the reference model A has a shape having a stepped portion.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining 3D game image processing by the video game apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a screen diagram showing an example of a model with an edge subjected to shading processing.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining another embodiment of three-dimensional game image processing by the video game apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
1 CPU
2 Bus lines
3 Graphics data generation processor
4,13 Interface circuit
5 Main memory
6 ROM
7 Stretching circuit
8 Parallel port
9 Serial port
10 Drawing processor
11 Speech processor
12 Decoder
14-16 buffers
17 Recording media driver
18 memory
19 Controller
21 Television monitor
31 Polygon discrimination part
32 Shading processor
33 Drawing processor
34 Program storage
35 Camera line-of-sight data storage
36 Model data storage
300 recording media
361 texture data
362 Vertex normal vector data
363 Vertex coordinate data
364 attribute data
A, A1, A2 reference model
B, B1, B2 back model
M, M1, M2 Edge model

Claims (3)

A three-dimensional game image processing program for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
The direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each of the enlarged polygons is set to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. A back model set in the same direction on the reference model as an edged model, and a shading processing means for performing shading processing based on a normal vector for shading processing of each polygon of the edged model;
A video game device is made to function as a drawing means for drawing only a polygon in which a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the bordered model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. 3D game image processing program. A three-dimensional game image processing method for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
The video game device uses the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model Shading used to set the direction opposite to the direction of the normal vector for polygon front / back discrimination and to use the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each enlarged polygon for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model A shading processing step of superimposing a back model set in the same direction with respect to the direction of the processing normal vector on the reference model to form an edged model, and performing shading processing based on the shading processing normal vector of each polygon of the edged model; ,
The video game apparatus includes a drawing step of drawing only a polygon in which a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the bordered model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. A three-dimensional game image processing method. A video game device for drawing a model composed of a plurality of polygons in a virtual game space,
The direction of the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon obtained by enlarging the reference model composed of a plurality of polygons is the polygon front / back discrimination normal vector used for front / back discrimination of each polygon constituting the reference model. The direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each of the enlarged polygons is set to the direction of the normal vector for shading processing used for the shading processing of each polygon constituting the reference model. A back model set in the same direction on the reference model as an edged model, and a shading processing means for performing shading processing based on a normal vector for shading processing of each polygon of the edged model;
A video game apparatus comprising: a drawing unit that draws only a polygon in which a polygon front / back discrimination normal vector of each polygon constituting the edged model is oriented in the direction of the viewpoint position of the virtual camera in the virtual game space. .

Images