JP3582404B2 - Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition - Google Patents
Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition Download PDFInfo
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- JP3582404B2 JP3582404B2 JP14385099A JP14385099A JP3582404B2 JP 3582404 B2 JP3582404 B2 JP 3582404B2 JP 14385099 A JP14385099 A JP 14385099A JP 14385099 A JP14385099 A JP 14385099A JP 3582404 B2 JP3582404 B2 JP 3582404B2
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、安定化された１−ブロモプロパン組成物に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来から、鉱物性の油脂分が多量に付着した加工部品、精密部品、しみや錆の発生しやすい金属部品、洗浄篭に多数の部品を入れて扱う小物部品等の脱脂洗浄については、非水系で高脱脂力、不燃性等の優れた特性を備えた１，１，１−トリクロロエタンを中心とする塩素系溶剤が主体に使用されてきている。
【０００３】
しかしながら、近年、地球環境問題に対する社会的意識が高まり、環境破壊性物質の大気及び水系への排出規制の動きが出ている。例えば、優れた脱脂洗浄剤として大量に使用されてきた１，１，１−トリクロロエタンは、成層圏のオゾン層を破壊する物質として規制されており、１９９５年末までに全廃が決定している。また、トリクロロエチレンやパークロロエチレン等の他の塩素系溶剤も、毒性問題や、地下水汚染等の大きな環境問題を有しており、その使用が制限されつつある。従って、これらの塩素系溶剤にかわる環境汚染の少ない代替洗浄剤が強く求められている。
【０００４】
ある種の臭化炭化水素が、各種油に対して優れた溶解力を有していることは、すでに公知である。例えば、トリブロモメタン、１，２−ジブロモプロパンについては特公昭４４−２００８２号公報に、２，３−ジブロモブタン、ｎ−ブチルブロマイドについては米国特許第３７３０９０４号明細書に、１−ブロモプロパン、２−ブロモプロパンについては特開平６−２２０４９４号公報に記載がある。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
臭化炭化水素の中で１−ブロモプロパンは、不燃性で、１，１，１−トリクロロエタンと同等以上の洗浄性能を有しているが、アルミニウム、亜鉛、鉄、銅等の各種金属によって誘発される分解反応を起こしやすい欠点を有する。
【０００６】
この１−ブロモプロパンの金属との接触による分解反応は、金属の種類によって内容が異なるが、特にアルミニウムの場合が著しく、また常温においては非常に緩やかに進行するが、加温条件下では臭化水素を発生しながら連鎖反応的に分解が進行し、最終的にはアルミニウムを激しく腐食させ、黒褐色のタール状物質に変化する。従って、１−ブロモプロパンを各種金属部品の洗浄等に使用する場合には各種金属、特にアルミニウムにより誘発する１−ブロモプロパンの分解反応を抑制し、被洗浄物や洗浄装置を腐食させない１−ブロモプロパンの安定化が必須の要件である。
【０００７】
アルミニウムにより誘発する１−ブロモプロパンの分解反応を抑制するために、安定剤としてニトロアルカン類、エーテル類、エポキシド類、アミン類を単独又は２種類以上組み合わせて添加する方法が、特開平６−２２０４９４号公報に記載されている。しかしながら、特開平６−２２０４９４号公報において実施例として示された安定剤組成物は、工業金属材料として一般に広く使用されている亜鉛、鉄、銅等の金属に対しても充分に安定であるとは必ずしも言えないものであり、蒸気洗浄のような高温度で高温度で長時間使用される条件下で使用する場合、被洗浄物や洗浄装置等を腐食する等の問題があった。
【０００８】
本発明は上記の課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、アルミニウムは勿論のこと亜鉛、鉄、銅等の金属製品を初めとした各種工業材料の洗浄等に使用することができる、特に高温度で長時間使用しても被洗浄物や洗浄装置等を腐食しない、安定化された１−ブロモプロパン組成物を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる事情をふまえ、本発明者らは、前述の問題点を解決すべく種々の検討を重ねた結果、目的の安定化された１−ブロモプロパン組成物を見いだし、本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
【００１０】
すなわち、本発明は、１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対し、ニトロメタンを０．１〜５重量部と、１，２−ブチレンオキサイド０．１〜５重量部（但し、ニトロメタンが０．１〜１重量部かつ１，２−ブチレンオキサイドが０．１〜１重量部になることはない）を含有し、必要に応じて他の安定剤（但し、１，４−ジオキサンを除く）を含有することを特徴とする安定化された１−ブロモプロパン組成物である。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明についてさらに詳細に説明する。
【００１２】
本発明で用いる安定剤は、ニトロメタンと、１，２−ブチレンオキサイドの二成分系であり、これら二成分のうちいずれか一成分が欠けても満足すべき効果が得られない。
【００１３】
例えば、ニトロメタンを単独で用いた場合、金属との接触による分解反応は抑えられるが、蒸気洗浄のように高温度で長時間繰り返し使用される条件下では１−ブロモプロパン中の水分と１−ブロモプロパンが反応することにより臭化水素ガスが発生し、金属を腐食することとなる。また、１，２−ブチレンオキサイドを単独で用いた場合には、全く安定化の効果は認められない。即ち、ニトロメタンが金属との接触による分解反応を抑え、１，２−ブチレンオキサイドが臭化水素ガスを捕捉し安定化するものと考えられる。従って、１−ブロモプロパンに本発明の２成分の安定剤を組み合わせることによってはじめてアルミニウムは勿論のこと亜鉛、鉄、銅等の金属に対して安定化効果が現れ、蒸気洗浄のように高温度で長時間繰り返し使用される条件下で特に有効な安定性を保つ。また、常温洗浄においても有効な安定性を保つ。
【００１４】
本発明で用いる安定剤の添加量は、１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対し、ニトロメタン０．１〜５重量部と、１，２−ブチレンオキサイド０．１〜５重量部であり、但し、ニトロメタンが０．１〜１重量部かつ１，２−ブチレンオキサイドが０．１〜１重量部になることはない。各安定剤で設定した下限量よりも少なくては効果が維持できず、上限量よりも多くては効果自体に問題はないが更なる効果の期待はできず経済的ではない。
【００１５】
また、本発明で提案する安定剤を他の種々の安定剤と併用することも可能である。例えば、１，３−ジオキソラン、１，３，５−トリオキサン等の環状エーテル類、１，２−ジメトキシエタン等の鎖状エーテル、イソプロパノール、ｔｅｒｔ−ブチルアルコール、ｔｅｒｔ−アミルアルコール等の飽和アルコール類、２−メチル−３−ブチン−２−オール等の不飽和アルコール類、フェノール、チモール、２，６−ジ−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−ｐ−クレゾール、カテコール等のフェノール類、チオシアン酸メチル、チオシアン酸エチル等のチオシアン酸エステル類から選ばれる安定剤とともに用いられる。
【００１６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によって得られる１−ブロモプロパン組成物は、蒸気洗浄のように高温度で長時間繰り返し使用される条件下で、特に有効な安定性を保ち被洗浄物や洗浄装置等を腐食せず、かつ被洗浄物の着色汚染等もなく好適な洗浄剤である。
【００１７】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。
【００１８】
実施例１
５０ｍｌのガラス製試験管に、１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対し、ニトロメタンを０．５重量部、１，２−ブチレンオキサイドを５重量部添加した１−ブロモプロパン組成物１０ｍｌを入れ、この中に表面を良く研磨して十分洗浄乾燥したアルミニウム試験片（規格：ＪＩＳ Ａ−１１００Ｐ、寸法：１３ｍｍ×６５ｍｍ×３ｍｍ）１枚を気液両相にまたがるように位置させる。この試験管の上部に空冷器を取り付けて油浴中で加熱還流する。空冷管にはｐＨ試験紙を取り付けておき、９６時間加熱還流後室温まで冷却して試験片を取り出し、その腐食状況および液相の着色度を観察しさらに発生した臭化水素ガスをｐＨ試験紙で確認した。１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対する安定剤の組成及び試験結果を表１に示す。
【００１９】
【表１】
なお、アルミニウム試験片の外観及び試験液の着色の判定基準は次のとおり標示する。
【００２１】
＜金属試験片の判定基準＞
◎：全く変化がない。
【００２２】
○：わずかに一部の光沢が落ちる。
【００２３】
△：全体的に光沢が落ちる。
【００２４】
×：全体的に変色もしくは腐食が明らかに認められる。
【００２５】
＜試験液の着色の判定基準＞
◎：無色透明。
【００２６】
○：わずかに着色する。
【００２７】
△：明らかに着色が認められる。
【００２８】
×：著しく着色する。
【００２９】
また、臭化水素ガスの発生については、
○：発生無し
×：発生有りとした。
【００３０】
実施例２〜４、比較例１〜７
本発明で提案する安定剤の組成及び添加量を変えた以外は実施例１と同様に１−ブロモプロパン組成物の試験を行った。１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対する安定剤の組成及び試験結果を表１に合わせて示す。
【００３１】
比較例８〜２５
安定剤を変えた以外は実施例１と同様に１−ブロモプロパン組成物の試験を行った。１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対する安定剤の組成及び試験結果を表２に合わせて示す。
【００３２】
【表２】
実施例５
１００ｍｌのガラス製三角フラスコに、１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対し、ニトロメタンを０．５重量部、１，２−ブチレンオキサイドを５重量部添加した１−ブロモプロパン組成物５０ｍｌを入れ、この中に表面を良く研磨して十分洗浄乾燥した金属試験片（寸法：１３ｍｍ×６５ｍｍ×３ｍｍ）１枚を気液両相にまたがるように位置させる。この三角フラスコの上部に還流冷却器を取り付けて湯浴上で沸騰温度まで加熱し、還流しながら試験片を気液両相に接触させる。１４０時間加熱還流後、室温まで冷却して試験片を取り出し、その腐食状況および液相の着色度を観察し、さらに発生した酸分（臭化水素）を滴定により定量した。１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対する安定剤の組成を表３に、試験結果を表４に示す。
【００３４】
【表３】
【表４】
なお、使用した金属試験片の材質は下記のとおりである。
【００３７】
アルミニウム片：ＪＩＳ Ａ１１００Ｐ
亜鉛片 ：ＪＩＳ 第２種（平板用）
鉄片 ：ＪＩＳ 冷間圧延鋼板 ＳＰＣＣ
銅片 ：ＪＩＳ 銅板１種（普通級）
また、金属試験片の外観及び試験液の着色の判定基準は次のとおり標示する。
＜金属試験片の判定基準＞
◎：全く変化がない。
【００３８】
○：わずかに一部の光沢が落ちる。
【００３９】
△：全体的に光沢が落ちる。
【００４０】
×：全体的に変色もしくは腐食が明らかに認められる。
【００４１】
＜試験液の着色の判定基準＞
◎：無色透明。
【００４２】
○：わずかに着色する。
【００４３】
△：明らかに着色が認められる。
【００４４】
×：著しく着色する。
【００４５】
実施例６〜実施例８、比較例２６〜比較例４１
本発明で提案する安定剤の組成及び添加量を変えた以外は実施例５と同様に１−ブロモプロパン組成物の試験を行った。１−ブロモプロパン１００重量部に対する安定剤の組成を表３に、試験結果を表４に合わせて示す。
【００４６】
表３及び表４から明らかなように、本発明の１−ブロモプロパン組成物はアルミニウム、亜鉛、鉄及び銅について十分な安定化効果を示した。しかしながら、比較例で示したような安定剤の組み合わせでは、ある金属については安定化効果が認められるがその他の金属では安定化効果が認められないといった不十分な安定化効果を示した。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to stabilized 1-bromopropane compositions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, non-aqueous cleaning has been used for degreasing and cleaning of processed parts, precision parts, metal parts that are prone to stains and rust, and small parts that handle a large number of parts in a washing basket. Chlorinated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane having excellent properties such as high degreasing power and nonflammability have been mainly used.
[0003]
However, in recent years, public awareness of global environmental problems has increased, and there has been a movement to regulate the emission of environmentally destructive substances into the air and water systems. For example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, which has been used in large quantities as an excellent degreasing detergent, is regulated as a substance that destroys the ozone layer in the stratosphere, and its use has been decided by the end of 1995. Further, other chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchlorethylene also have serious environmental problems such as toxicity problems and groundwater pollution, and their use is being restricted. Therefore, there is a strong demand for an alternative cleaning agent which has less environmental pollution and replaces these chlorinated solvents.
[0004]
It is already known that certain brominated hydrocarbons have excellent solubility in various oils. For example, tribromomethane and 1,2-dibromopropane are disclosed in JP-B-44-20082, and 2,3-dibromobutane and n-butylbromide are described in U.S. Pat. 2-Bromopropane is described in JP-A-6-220494.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Among brominated hydrocarbons, 1-bromopropane is nonflammable and has a cleaning performance equal to or higher than that of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, but is induced by various metals such as aluminum, zinc, iron and copper. Has the disadvantage of easily causing a decomposition reaction.
[0006]
The decomposition reaction of 1-bromopropane by contact with a metal differs depending on the type of the metal. Particularly, the decomposition reaction is remarkable in the case of aluminum, and progresses very slowly at room temperature. Decomposition proceeds in a chain reaction while generating hydrogen, and eventually causes severe corrosion of aluminum and changes to a black-brown tar-like substance. Therefore, when 1-bromopropane is used for cleaning various metal parts, the decomposition reaction of 1-bromopropane induced by various metals, particularly aluminum, is suppressed, and 1-bromopropane which does not corrode the object to be cleaned or the cleaning apparatus is used. Propane stabilization is an essential requirement.
[0007]
In order to suppress the decomposition reaction of 1-bromopropane induced by aluminum, a method of adding nitroalkanes, ethers, epoxides, and amines alone or in combination of two or more as stabilizers is disclosed in JP-A-6-220494. No., published in US Pat. However, the stabilizer compositions shown as examples in JP-A-6-220494 are sufficiently stable to metals such as zinc, iron and copper which are generally widely used as industrial metal materials. However, when used under high temperature and high temperature conditions such as steam cleaning for a long time, there is a problem such as corrosion of an object to be cleaned and a cleaning device.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, its purpose is not only aluminum, zinc, iron, can be used for cleaning various industrial materials including metal products such as copper, In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a stabilized 1-bromopropane composition which does not corrode an object to be cleaned or a cleaning apparatus even when used at a high temperature for a long time.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have conducted various studies to solve the above-described problems, and as a result, have found the intended stabilized 1-bromopropane composition, and have completed the present invention. Things.
[0010]
That is, the present invention relates to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of nitromethane and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of 1,2-butylene oxide (provided that 0.1 to 1 part by weight of nitromethane is used). Parts by weight and 1,2-butylene oxide does not become 0.1 to 1 part by weight), and other stabilizers (excluding 1,4-dioxane) as necessary. A stabilized 1-bromopropane composition characterized by the following:
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0012]
The stabilizer used in the present invention is a two-component system of nitromethane and 1,2-butylene oxide, and a satisfactory effect cannot be obtained even if any one of these two components is missing.
[0013]
For example, when nitromethane is used alone, a decomposition reaction due to contact with a metal can be suppressed, but under conditions where it is repeatedly used at a high temperature for a long time, such as steam cleaning, water in 1-bromopropane and 1-bromo The reaction of propane generates hydrogen bromide gas, which corrodes the metal. When 1,2-butylene oxide is used alone, no stabilizing effect is observed. That is, it is considered that nitromethane suppresses a decomposition reaction due to contact with a metal, and 1,2-butylene oxide captures and stabilizes hydrogen bromide gas. Therefore, by combining 1-bromopropane with the two-component stabilizer of the present invention, a stabilizing effect appears not only on aluminum but also on metals such as zinc, iron, and copper, and at high temperatures such as steam cleaning. Maintains particularly effective stability under conditions of repeated use for a long time. In addition, effective stability is maintained even at room temperature cleaning.
[0014]
The amount of the stabilizer used in the present invention is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of nitromethane and 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of 1,2-butylene oxide with respect to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane. Is 0.1-1 part by weight and 1,2-butylene oxide is not 0.1-1 part by weight. If the amount is less than the lower limit set for each stabilizer, the effect cannot be maintained, and if it is more than the upper limit, there is no problem in the effect itself, but no further effect can be expected and it is not economical.
[0015]
Further, the stabilizer proposed in the present invention can be used in combination with other various stabilizers. For example, cyclic ethers such as 1,3-dioxolane and 1,3,5-trioxane, chain ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, saturated alcohols such as isopropanol, tert-butyl alcohol and tert-amyl alcohol; Unsaturated alcohols such as 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, phenols such as phenol, thymol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and catechol; methyl thiocyanate; ethyl thiocyanate; And a stabilizer selected from thiocyanates.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
The 1-bromopropane composition obtained by the present invention does not corrode the object to be cleaned or the cleaning apparatus while maintaining particularly effective stability under conditions where it is repeatedly used at a high temperature for a long time such as steam cleaning. In addition, it is a suitable cleaning agent without coloring contamination of the object to be cleaned.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0018]
Example 1
In a 50 ml glass test tube, 10 ml of a 1-bromopropane composition obtained by adding 0.5 parts by weight of nitromethane and 5 parts by weight of 1,2-butylene oxide to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane was added. An aluminum test piece (standard: JIS A-1100P, dimensions: 13 mm x 65 mm x 3 mm) whose surface is well polished and sufficiently washed and dried is positioned so as to straddle both gas and liquid phases. An air cooler is attached to the upper part of the test tube and heated and refluxed in an oil bath. A pH test paper was attached to the air-cooled tube, and after heating and refluxing for 96 hours, the test piece was taken out after cooling to room temperature, the corrosion state and the degree of coloring of the liquid phase were observed, and the generated hydrogen bromide gas was subjected to pH test paper. Confirmed in. Table 1 shows the composition of the stabilizer and the test results based on 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane.
[0019]
[Table 1]
The appearance of the aluminum test piece and the criteria for determining the coloring of the test liquid are indicated as follows.
[0021]
<Criteria for metal test pieces>
A: No change at all.
[0022]
：: Some gloss is slightly reduced.
[0023]
Δ: Gloss is reduced as a whole.
[0024]
X: Discoloration or corrosion is clearly observed as a whole.
[0025]
<Criteria for judging coloring of test liquid>
A: Colorless and transparent.
[0026]
：: Slightly colored.
[0027]
Δ: Coloring is clearly observed.
[0028]
×: markedly colored.
[0029]
Regarding the generation of hydrogen bromide gas,
：: no occurrence x: occurrence occurred
[0030]
Examples 2 to 4, Comparative Examples 1 to 7
A 1-bromopropane composition was tested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition and amount of the stabilizer proposed in the present invention were changed. Table 1 shows the composition of the stabilizer and the test results based on 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane.
[0031]
Comparative Examples 8 to 25
A 1-bromopropane composition was tested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stabilizer was changed. Table 2 shows the composition of the stabilizer and the test results with respect to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane.
[0032]
[Table 2]
Example 5
In a 100 ml glass Erlenmeyer flask, 50 ml of a 1-bromopropane composition in which 0.5 part by weight of nitromethane and 5 parts by weight of 1,2-butylene oxide are added to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane, and One metal test piece (dimensions: 13 mm × 65 mm × 3 mm) whose surface is well polished and sufficiently washed and dried is positioned so as to straddle both gas and liquid phases. A reflux condenser is attached to the upper part of the Erlenmeyer flask, heated to a boiling temperature on a hot water bath, and the specimen is brought into contact with both gas and liquid phases while refluxing. After heating and refluxing for 140 hours, the test piece was taken out by cooling to room temperature, the state of corrosion and the degree of coloring of the liquid phase were observed, and the generated acid component (hydrogen bromide) was quantified by titration. Table 3 shows the composition of the stabilizer relative to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane, and Table 4 shows the test results.
[0034]
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
In addition, the material of the used metal test piece is as follows.
[0037]
Aluminum piece: JIS A1100P
Zinc pieces: JIS Class 2 (for flat plate)
Iron piece: JIS cold rolled steel plate SPCC
Copper pieces: Class 1 JIS copper plate (normal grade)
The appearance of the metal test piece and the criterion for the coloring of the test solution are indicated as follows.
<Criteria for metal test pieces>
A: No change at all.
[0038]
：: Some gloss is slightly reduced.
[0039]
Δ: Gloss is reduced as a whole.
[0040]
X: Discoloration or corrosion is clearly observed as a whole.
[0041]
<Criteria for judging coloring of test liquid>
A: Colorless and transparent.
[0042]
：: Slightly colored.
[0043]
Δ: Coloring is clearly observed.
[0044]
×: markedly colored.
[0045]
Examples 6 to 8, Comparative Examples 26 to 41
A 1-bromopropane composition was tested in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the composition and amount of the stabilizer proposed in the present invention were changed. Table 3 shows the composition of the stabilizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of 1-bromopropane, and Table 4 shows the test results.
[0046]
As is clear from Tables 3 and 4, the 1-bromopropane composition of the present invention exhibited a sufficient stabilizing effect on aluminum, zinc, iron and copper. However, the combination of stabilizers as shown in the comparative examples exhibited an insufficient stabilizing effect such that a stabilizing effect was observed for a certain metal but not for other metals.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14385099A JP3582404B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 | 1999-05-24 | Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7-86888 | 1995-04-12 | ||
| JP8688895 | 1995-04-12 | ||
| JP14385099A JP3582404B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 | 1999-05-24 | Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8526896A Division JP2956578B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 | 1996-04-08 | Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000026897A JP2000026897A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| JP3582404B2 true JP3582404B2 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14385099A Expired - Lifetime JP3582404B2 (en) | 1995-04-12 | 1999-05-24 | Stabilized 1-bromopropane composition |
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| JP (1) | JP3582404B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002309390A (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-23 | Tokyo Dynamics Kk | Apparatus for cleaning electronic filter |
| JP4544849B2 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2010-09-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Hazardous material treatment system and method for judging graduation of hazardous material contamination |
| WO2006052241A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-18 | Albemarle Corporation | Stabilized propyl bromide compositions |
| US20080177116A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2008-07-24 | Albemarle Corporation | 1-Bromopropane Having Low Acidity |
| EP1890987B1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2014-03-26 | Albemarle Corporation | 1-bromopropane having low acidity |
| JP2010001319A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2010-01-07 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Azeotropic solvent composition, pseudoazeotropic solvent composition, and mixed-solvent composition |
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1999
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