JP3581637B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an excavator that mainly excavates a deep hole using an openable / closable bucket (clam cell bucket).
[0002]
[Prior art]
In this type of excavator, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, an upper revolving unit 2 is mounted on a crawler-type lower traveling unit 1 so as to be pivotable about a vertical axis. The excavator A is attached and configured.
[0003]
The excavator A includes a boom 3 attached to the upper swing body 2 so as to be able to move up and down, a telescopic arm 5 attached to a tip of the boom 3 so as to be rotatable around a horizontal axis 4, and a tip of the arm 5. Boom cylinder 7 for raising and lowering the boom 3 between the upper revolving unit 2 and the boom 3, and an arm rotating cylinder for rotating the arm 5 between the boom 3 and the arm 5 A bucket cylinder 9 for opening and closing the bucket 6 is provided between the arm 5 and the bucket 6.
[0004]
The arm 5 is configured to be telescopically expandable and contractible by a plurality of stages of arm bodies, and is driven to expand and contract by an arm expansion and contraction cylinder (not shown). The drawing illustrates a three-stage type in which first, second, and third arm bodies 10, 11, and 12 are sequentially fitted from the base end side.
[0005]
In this excavator,
(A) As shown in FIG. 4 (a), excavation is performed with the bucket 6 with the arm 5 standing,
(B) The operation of dumping the scooped earth and sand into the bucket 6 with the arm 5 raised horizontally or at an angle close thereto as shown in FIG. Drill deep holes by repeating.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, according to a conventional excavator (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 8-1770088 and 10-131227), the boom 3 is raised up to the maximum angle and the arm 5 is raised as shown in FIG. At the time (usually when dumping earth and sand), that is, when the rear end of the arm projects rearmost, the rear end of the arm is located rearward of the rear end (rear turning radius) of the upper swing body 2. (Β is this amount of protrusion).
[0007]
In particular, as shown in the figure, in the case of an excavator in which a hose reel 13 for winding up an oil hose constituting a pressure oil supply / discharge device for supplying / discharging pressure oil to / from the bucket cylinder 9 is attached to the rear end of the arm, The protrusion amount β is further increased by the amount of the hose reel 13.
[0008]
As described above, since the arm 5 protrudes from the upper revolving unit 2, the protruding portion hinders the work, and the workability particularly in a narrow place such as an urban area is deteriorated.
[0009]
In addition, the operator must perform excavation operations such as turning while paying attention to the back so that the protruding portions do not come into contact with or collide with people or objects (objects at high places such as telephone poles and electric wires). It was the cause of the decline.
[0010]
Accordingly, the present invention provides an excavator capable of improving workability particularly in a narrow place and improving work efficiency.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the invention of claim 1, an upper revolving structure is mounted on the lower traveling structure so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis, and an excavating device is provided on the upper revolving structure. Boom mounted on the boom, telescopic arm mounted on the end of the boom so as to be rotatable around a horizontal axis, openable / closable bucket mounted on the end of the arm, and opening and closing of the bucket A bucket cylinder to be driven, an oil hose disposed along the arm for supplying and discharging pressure oil to and from the bucket cylinder, and an arm telescopic cylinder that operates to extend and retract the arm body of the arm in synchronization. An excavator characterized by comprising and satisfying the following conditions.
[0012]
(I) When the rear end of the arm is located at the rearmost position, the rear end of the arm does not project rearward from the rear end of the upper swing body.
[0013]
(II) A hose guide sheave is provided in the arm in a state in which the arm is fully retracted and does not protrude rearward from the rear end of the arm, and the oil hose may be folded and moved within the arm in conjunction with the expansion and contraction operation of the arm. It was hung around the hose guide sheave in this state.
[0014]
( III ) As means for compensating the synchronous operation of the arms in both the extension and contraction directions, a rope-type telescopic mechanism comprising both extension and contraction ropes and a rope guide sheave for guiding these ropes is provided.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect, the rear end of the upper revolving unit is within the overall length of the lower traveling unit, and at least the rear end is within the entire width of the lower traveling unit when the upper revolving unit is pivoting. It is configured to fit.
[0016]
According to the above configuration, when the rear end of the arm is located at the rearmost position, the rear end of the arm does not protrude rearward than the rear end of the upper revolving unit, and the pressure oil supply / discharge device including the oil hose is also located behind the arm. Since it does not protrude from the end, there is no danger of the protruding part coming into contact with people or objects, and there is no need to perform excavation operations while worrying about this contact, improving workability especially in narrow places and improving work efficiency. be able to.
[0017]
Further, since the oil hose is folded back and moved within the arm in accordance with the expansion and contraction operation of the arm, it is not necessary to provide a hose reel. For this reason, cost can be reduced by reducing expensive hose reels.
[0018]
In this case, according to the configuration of claim 2, the rear end of the upper revolving structure falls within the overall length of the lower traveling structure (does not protrude from the traveling structure in the length direction), and at least the rear end of the upper revolving structure is lower. Since the vehicle turns within the entire width of the traveling structure (there is no projection from the lower traveling structure throughout the entire pivoting range), there is no projecting portion of the upper revolving structure. For this reason, workability in a narrow place is further improved, and work can be performed even in a very narrow place where the working scaffold is only about the width of the lower traveling body and the wall approaches one side of the lower traveling body. It is possible to use a machine with a larger work amount than a machine whose rear end of the revolving structure projects outside the width of the lower traveling structure, and it is possible to improve work efficiency.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0020]
1 and 2, reference numeral 21 denotes a crawler-type lower traveling body, on which an upper revolving body 22 is mounted so as to be pivotable about a vertical axis, and a boom 23 and an arm 24 are mounted on the upper revolving body 22. , A bucket 25, a boom cylinder 26 for raising and lowering a boom, an arm rotation cylinder 27 for rotating an arm, and an excavator B having a bucket cylinder 28 for opening and closing the bucket are mounted to constitute an excavator.
[0021]
The arm 24 is configured to be telescopically extendable and retractable by boom bodies 29, 30, and 31 of first, second, and third stages, and is turned up and down around a horizontal axis 32 by an arm rotation cylinder 27. As it moves, it is driven to expand and contract by an arm expandable cylinder (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2).
[0022]
In this excavator, the relationship between the lower traveling structure 21 and the upper revolving unit 22 and the relationship between the upper revolving unit 22 and the arm 24 satisfy the following conditions.
[0023]
Condition 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the entire length of the upper revolving unit 22 can fit within the overall length L of the lower traveling unit 21, and the entire revolving unit can pivot within the entire width W of the lower traveling unit 21 as shown in FIG. 2. The overall length and overall width are set as described above.
[0024]
In other words, the equipment arrangement, weight distribution, and the like in the upper swing body 22 are set so that the overall length and overall width of the upper swing body 22 are suppressed to such dimensions.
[0025]
In this embodiment, the upper revolving unit 22 is formed in a shape similar to a circle X having a radius R with the center of rotation O as a center in plan view. Here, the relationship of R ≦ W <L is satisfied. In FIG. 1, γ indicates the amount of forward retraction of the rear end of the upper revolving structure with respect to the rear end of the lower traveling structure.
[0026]
By satisfying the condition that the upper swing body 22 is within the overall length L of the lower traveling body 21 of the condition 1, there is a space where the lower traveling body 21 can enter even in a narrow place such as a subway construction site. For example, since the entire machine can enter and turn, the workability is improved. In addition, since the operator does not need to worry about the back side when turning, work efficiency can be improved particularly in a narrow place.
[0027]
Further, since the upper swing body 22 swings within the entire width W of the lower running body 21 and the rear end of the upper swing body 22 does not project laterally from the lower running body 21, it does not project in the front-rear direction. Workability and work efficiency are further improved. Specifically, the work can be performed even in a narrow place where the working scaffold is only about the width of the lower traveling body 21 and the wall approaches one side of the lower traveling body 21. Work can be efficiently performed using a machine that has a larger work amount than a machine that projects to the side of the lower traveling body.
[0028]
Condition 2
The arm 24 has a rear end located rearmost as shown by the solid line in FIG. 1, that is, a state in which the boom 23 is raised up to the maximum angle and the arm 24 is raised horizontally, and the rear end of the upper revolving unit 22 is Does not protrude backward from the rear end.
[0029]
In other words, the length of the arm 24, the position of the arm attachment point by the horizontal shaft 32, the center of gravity of the arm, and the like are set so as to satisfy such conditions.
[0030]
In FIG. 1, δ indicates the amount of forward withdrawal of the rear end of the arm with respect to the rear end of the upper swing body.
[0031]
By satisfying the condition 2, for example, during the work of dumping the earth and sand, the rear end of the arm contacts or collides with an obstacle (such as a utility pole or an electric wire) located at a high position behind the arm, thereby hindering the work. There is no risk of damage. Therefore, workability and work efficiency are further improved in addition to satisfying the condition 1.
[0032]
On the other hand, a pressure oil supply / discharge device that supplies / discharges pressure oil to / from the bucket cylinder 28 includes a hydraulic pipe including an oil hose and a mechanism for automatically adjusting the length of the oil hose in accordance with expansion and contraction of the arm 24 (see FIG. 4). The conventional excavator is constituted by a hose reel 13) and the like.
[0033]
In this excavator, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 is employed as the oil hose length adjusting mechanism.
[0034]
In FIG. 3, reference numeral 33 denotes a first arm telescopic cylinder for expanding and contracting the second arm body 30 with respect to the first arm body 29. The rod side corresponds to the first arm body 29, and the cylinder tube side corresponds to the second arm body 30. Installed.
[0035]
Reference numeral 34 denotes a second arm telescopic cylinder for expanding and contracting the third arm body 31 with respect to the second arm body 30. The cylinder tube side is attached to the second arm body 30 and the rod side is attached to the third arm body 31, respectively. .
[0036]
The hydraulic circuit is configured so that the two arm telescopic cylinders 33 and 34 extend and retract synchronously, and the second and third arm bodies 30 and 31 are configured to extend and retract synchronously by the synchronous operation of both cylinders. ing.
[0037]
An oil hose 35 for supplying and discharging pressure oil to and from the bucket cylinder 28 of FIG. 1 is wound around a hose guide sheave 36 provided at a base end of the second arm body 30, and one of the folded ends is the first end. The other folded end is fixed to the distal end of the arm body 29 at the distal end of the third arm body 31, respectively, and is folded back in the arm 24 in conjunction with the expansion and contraction operation of the second and third arm bodies 30, 31. It is configured to move and automatically adjust its length.
[0038]
The two oil hoses 35 on the oil supply side and the oil supply side are arranged along the same route, but FIG. 2 shows only one of them. The distal end of the oil hose 35 is connected to the distal pipe 37, and the proximal end is connected to the proximal pipe 38 via hose joints 39 and 40, respectively.
[0039]
As described above, since the oil hose 35 is provided in a state in which the oil hose 35 can be folded and moved within the arm 24 in conjunction with the expansion and contraction operation of the arm 24, a hose reel for winding the hose 25 is unnecessary.
[0040]
Therefore, unlike the conventional excavator shown in FIG. 4, the hose reel 13 does not need to be installed at the rear end of the arm, so that the rear end of the arm can be positioned substantially further forward. In other words, the arm length can be made as long as possible rearward while ensuring that the rear end of the arm is located forward of the rear end of the upper swing body 22.
[0041]
By the way, the first and second telescopic cylinders 33 and 34 are configured to operate synchronously as described above. However, the two cylinders 33 and 34 are caused by oil leakage of the hydraulic circuit or air mixing into the oil. May be deviated in the synchronous operation of
[0042]
When this displacement occurs, there is a difference in the expansion and contraction strokes of the second and third arm bodies 30 and 31, and there is a risk that excessive tension acts on the oil hose 35 and the oil hose 35 is damaged.
[0043]
Therefore, as means for compensating the synchronous operation of the two arm bodies 30, 31, both extension and reduction ropes 41, 42 are provided.
[0044]
Extension rope 41 has one end inserted through the elongated rope guide sheave 4 3 provided at the distal end of the second arm body 30 to the distal end of the first arm member 29 and the other end of the third arm member 31 The second and third arms 30 and 31 are reliably extended and synchronized by the extension rope 41, respectively.
[0045]
Reduced rope 42, the end is passed through a shrink rope guide sheave 4 4 provided at the proximal end portion of the second arm body 30 distal end of the first arm member 29, the other end third Am 31 The second and third arms 30 and 31 are reliably and synchronously reduced by the reduction rope 42.
[0046]
This rope-type telescopic mechanism ensures that the second and third arms 30 and 31 operate synchronously even if oil leaks or air is mixed in the hydraulic circuit of the two cylinders 33 and 34. There is no risk of damage.
[0047]
In other words, since the oil hose 35 is not likely to be damaged, it is practically possible to arrange the oil hose 35 in a folded state in the arm 24 without using a hose reel.
[0048]
By the way, for the intended purpose of improving workability, it is most preferable that the upper revolving unit 22 be configured to revolve within the entire length and the entire width of the lower traveling unit 21 as in the above embodiment. The front end of the revolving unit 22 may be configured to protrude from the entire width W of the lower traveling unit 21. Alternatively, the front and rear ends of the upper revolving unit 22 may be configured to revolve in a state of protruding from the entire width dimension W of the lower traveling unit 21. Even in this case, since the amount of protrusion is practically small, the intended purpose of improving the penetration into narrow places and the workability in narrow places can basically be achieved.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the rear end of the arm is located at the rearmost position, the rear end of the arm does not protrude rearward than the rear end of the upper swing body, and the pressure oil supply including the oil hose is not performed. Since the ejector does not protrude from the rear end of the arm, there is no danger of the protruding part coming into contact with people or objects, and there is no need to perform excavation operations while worrying about this contact, thus improving workability especially in narrow places. , Work efficiency can be improved.
[0050]
Further, since the oil hose is folded back and moved within the arm in accordance with the expansion and contraction operation of the arm, it is not necessary to provide a hose reel. For this reason, cost can be reduced by reducing expensive hose reels.
[0051]
In this case, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the rear end of the upper revolving unit falls within the overall length of the lower traveling unit (does not protrude from the traveling unit in the length direction), and at least the rear end of the upper revolving unit is lower. Since the vehicle turns within the entire width of the traveling structure (it does not protrude from the lower traveling structure at all throughout the entire turning range), there is no projecting portion of the upper revolving structure. For this reason, workability in a narrow place is further improved, and work can be performed even in a very narrow place where the working scaffold is only about the width of the lower traveling body and the wall approaches one side of the lower traveling body. It is possible to use a machine having a larger work amount than a machine whose rear end of the revolving structure protrudes out of the width of the lower traveling structure, thereby improving work efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the same.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an arm in the excavator.
FIG. 4A is a schematic side view showing a state of a conventional excavator at the time of excavation, and FIG. 4B is a schematic side view showing a state at the time of dumping.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 21 Lower traveling body 22 Upper revolving body 24 Arm 29 First arm body 30 Second arm body 31 Third arm body 25 constituting arm 25 Bucket 28 Bucket cylinder 35 Oil hose 36 Hose guide sheave L Overall length dimension of lower traveling body W Overall width of undercarriage

Claims (2)

An upper revolving structure is mounted on the lower traveling structure so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, and an excavating device is provided on the upper revolving structure. The excavating device is attached to the upper revolving structure so as to be able to move up and down. A boom, a telescopic arm attached to the end of the boom so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis, an openable / closable bucket attached to the end of the arm, a bucket cylinder for opening and closing the bucket, An oil hose disposed along the arm for supplying and discharging the pressure oil to and from the bucket cylinder, and an arm telescopic cylinder that expands and contracts the arm constituting the arm in synchronization with each other , and An excavator characterized by satisfying conditions.
(I) When the rear end of the arm is located at the rearmost position, the rear end of the arm does not project rearward from the rear end of the upper swing body.
(II) A hose guide sheave is provided in the arm in a state in which the arm is fully retracted and does not protrude rearward from the rear end of the arm, and the oil hose may be folded and moved within the arm in conjunction with the expansion and contraction operation of the arm. It was hung around the hose guide sheave in this state.
( III ) As means for compensating the synchronous operation of the arms in both the extension and contraction directions, a rope-type telescopic mechanism comprising both extension and contraction ropes and a rope guide sheave for guiding these ropes is provided. 2. The structure according to claim 1, wherein a rear end of the upper revolving unit is set within the overall length of the lower traveling unit, and at least a rear end of the upper revolving unit is set within the entire width of the lower traveling unit. Excavator as described.

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