JP3575917B2 - Press processing equipment - Google Patents

Press processing equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3575917B2
JP3575917B2 JP13302496A JP13302496A JP3575917B2 JP 3575917 B2 JP3575917 B2 JP 3575917B2 JP 13302496 A JP13302496 A JP 13302496A JP 13302496 A JP13302496 A JP 13302496A JP 3575917 B2 JP3575917 B2 JP 3575917B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
press working
pair
contact
die
lower molds
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JP13302496A
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JPH09314394A (en
Inventor
和年 高石
貴之 山田
紀美夫 大澤
国治 勝野
昌幸 石川
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、一対の金型により、打抜き、絞り、鍛造などプレス加工を行うプレス加工装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
種々の機械要素部品を生産するために、プレス加工技術が盛んに活用されている。このプレス加工では、被加工材を加工するために、プレス金型が使用される。
【0003】
しかしながらこの金型は、加工時には必ず被加工材と接触して使用されるため、ある期間使用すると摩耗し、再研摩するか、寿命がくれば新品の金型を製造し交換していた。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この問題に対し、従来より種々の技術により対策が考えられ、実用化もされている。例えば、金型の表面にセラミックなどの硬質膜を被覆し、金型の摩耗量を低減させようとする技術の他、加工点近傍において、プレスラムの速度を遅くした機械や装置に関するもの(特開昭49−106682号、特開昭49−81986号、特開昭56−26627号など)により、被加工材と金型との接触時の衝撃を緩和させ、金型に加わる動的な負荷を低減することにより、金型の寿命を延ばそうとするものなどがある。
【0005】
しんしながら、前述のような従来技術によれば、確かに、金型の摩耗量を低減させることができるが、特殊な装置が必要となり、製造コストの面からは好ましくない。このような観点から、簡単な構成によりプレス金型の摩耗を少なくできるプレス加工装置の開発が切に望まれている。
本発明の目的は、このような要望を満足させるためになされたもので、プレス金型の摩耗が少なく、寿命を長くできるプレス加工装置を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に対応する発明は、一対の上下金型を用いて、被加工材料の打抜き、絞り、鍛造などのプレス加工を行う時に前記一対の上下金型と前記被加工材料との接触部近傍に磁界発生手段を設けたプレス加工装置において、前記磁界発生手段は、一対の上下金型の摩耗を少なくするために、該一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する近傍部の側面外周部を覆い磁路を形成する C 形状のヨークと、この C 形状のヨークの一側面から前記上下金型の被加工材料接触部を通って前記ヨークの他側面に流入させるように磁界を形成する磁石とを具備した構成である
【0008】
請求項2に対応する発明は、請求項1の発明の磁石の残留磁束密度と、前記磁界発生手段と前記一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する面との空隙との関係を、前記一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する近傍部にかかる磁束密度が40mT以上となるように設定する構成である。
このように請求項1及び請求項2に対応する発明によれば、プレス金型の摩耗を少なくでき、また寿命を長くすることができるプレス加工装置を提供できる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1、図2は本発明の第1の実施の形態を示すもので、図1は打抜き加工を行うプレス加工装置の概略構成を示す図で、図2は該プレス加工装置の加工近傍部の横断面を示す図である。
【0012】
プレス金型は、上型1と下型2から構成されている。上型1は、上型ダイセットブレート3とポンチホルダ−4とバッキングプレート5とポンチ6とから構成されている。また、下型2は、下型ダイセットプレート7とダイホルダ−8とバッキングブレート9とダイ10から構成されている。この様に構成されたプレス金型を、図示しないプレス加工装置に取り付けプレス加工を行う。
【0013】
プレス加工装置のプレスラムが降下すると、上型1が降下して前記ポンチ6が降下することにより、ポンチ6とダイ10の間に挟持された被加工材料11が、ポンチ6とダイ10によって打抜かれるようになっている。
【0014】
そして、プレス加工時に被加工材料と接触する一対の上下金型による近傍部には、磁性材料からなる断面C形状のリターンヨーク12が配設されている。このリターンヨーク12には、ボンチ6が上下動可能なように、空隙が設けられ、このリターンヨーク12のC形状の空間を利用して、被加工材料11が順送りされる。
【0015】
一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に被加工材料11と接触する近傍部に配設されたリターンヨーク12には、永久磁石13が一方の側面に固定され、永久磁石13からの磁束が、リターンヨーク12を通り、ポンチ6とダイ10を通り、さらに永久磁石13に戻るようになっている。ここで、永久磁石13とポンチ6のーつの側面との最短の間隙がδ1、リターンヨーク12とポンチ6のもうーつの側面との最短の間隙がδ2、永久磁石13の肉厚寸法をδ3とする。
【0016】
プレス加工装置の打抜き加工用のポンチ6とダイ10は、一般に工具鋼、台金工具鋼、高速度鋼などの材料により製作されている。また、絞り加工用のプレス加工装置のポンチとダイは、一般に可鍛鋳鉄、鋳鋼などの材料により製作されている。さらに鍛造加工用の金型のボンチとダイは、一般に工具鋼、台金工具鋼などの材料により製作されている。永久磁石13としては、例えば酸化物磁石(フエライト磁石)が使用可能である。
【0017】
ここで例えば、残留磁束密度Boが2000G(200mT)のものを使用した場合について考えると、永久磁石13とポンチ6とダイ10間の磁束密度Bが40〜1OOmT(40O〜1OOOG)となるようにするためには、以下のようにして、永久磁石13とポンチ6のーつの側面との最短の間隙δ1、リターンヨーク12とポンチ6のもうーつの側面との最短の間隙δ2の値を決定すればよい。
【0018】
すなわち、永久磁石13を流れる電流Iは、永久磁石13の肉厚寸法δ3=3とした場合には、

Figure 0003575917
このとき、磁束密度Bは、
Figure 0003575917
従って、δ1=δ2とすると、δ1=δ2=6〜1.5cmとなる。
【0019】
このように、ポンチ6とダイ10と被加工材料11との接触面近傍の磁束密度を所望の値になるように構成することにより、ポンチ6とダイ10両者の摩耗を大幅に低減することがでる。この結果、再研摩するまでの期間を長くすることができ、さらに新品の金型を製造し交換するまでの期間も長くすることができる。
【0020】
このような作用効果が得られることは、以下に述べる原理ならびに実験結果から明らかである。
始めに磁気による摩耗低減の原理について図2を参照して説明する。金型の接触面に磁気を作用させると、気体の吸着、特に酸素の吸着が活発になり、酸化膜が生成される。この酸化膜が、接触面に介在することにより、新生面同士の接触と凝着が少なくなり、摩耗粉が微細化して摩耗が低減する現象が確認されている。そしてその効果は、材料の化学成分あるいは磁気特性により異なる。
【0021】
すなわち、材料(あるいは材料の含有化学成分)により酸素に対する反応や温度などの環境に対する敏感性の違いかあるので、その効果は、個々の材料で異なる、電子軌道に空孔がある遷移金属あるいは遷移金属が主成分である強磁性材、例えば鉄鋼材料は化学的に非平衡状態にあり、他の元素と結合しやすい状態にある。
【0022】
そのような材料からなる金型材料に磁気を作用させると、他の元素と結台(イオン結合あるいは共有結合)作用を活発化させ、酸素吸着が促進され、それにより摩耗が低減すると言われている。強磁性材に磁気を作用させると、磁束密度の2乗に比例した吸引力が発生し、吸引力か増大すると、金型と被加工材料の接触面間の摩擦力も増大する。
【0023】
以上述べた磁気による摩擦摩耗特性の原理については、特願平7−309085号に試験装置による摩擦摩耗試験の結果などが詳細に記載されている。
前述の実施の形態において、磁界発生手段として、永久磁石13を使用した場合について説明したが、永久磁石13の代わりに電磁コイルを使用したものであっても同様に実施できる。
【0024】
(他の実施の形態)
上述した実施の形態では、永久磁石13として酸化物磁石(フェライト磁石)を用いて、残留磁束密度Boが2000G(20OmT)のものを使用した場合を例に上げたが、これに限らず金属磁石で残留磁束密度がO.5〜1.45Tのもの、希土類磁石で残留磁束密度がO.65〜1.20Tのもの、酸化物磁石で残留磁束密度が0.20〜0.45Tのもの、ボンド磁石で残留磁束密度が0.065〜0.90Tのものなどいろいろな種類のものが使用可能である。
【0025】
また前述の実施の形態では、永久磁石13を、リターンヨーク12の内周の一対の上下金型が、プレス加工時に被加工材料と接触する近傍部に対向する面に配置した例を示したが、永久磁石13の配置位置はこれに限らず、永久磁石13からの磁束が、リターンヨーク12を介して、前記一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に被加工材料と接触する近傍部に与えられる位置であればいかなる位置であってもよい。
【0026】
さらに、前述の実施の形態では、図1の空隙として、δ1=δ2=6〜1.5cmの場合について説明したが、前述のような永久磁石を使用すると、残留磁束密度範囲が0.065〜1.45Tとなる。
【0027】
また前述の実施の形態では、一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に被加工材料と接触する近傍部に、永久磁石13により磁界を印加するようにした例について説明したが、永久磁石13を設けず、金型材料自体に磁性材料を使用し、これを着磁するようにしても同様な効果が得られる。具体的には、例えば絞り加工用金型では、オーステンパ球状黒鉛鋳鉄FCDIOOOA、FCD1200Aなどを使用し、着磁すればよい。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上述べた本発明によれば、プレス加工装置のプレス金型の摩耗を大幅に低減できるので、金型の寿命が延び、交換の手間を減少させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】打抜き加工を行うプレス加工装置の構成図
【図2】プレス加工装置の加工近傍部の横断面図
【図3】図1の実施の形態の原理説明図
【符号の説明】
1…上型 2…下型 6…ポンチ
10…ダイ 11…被加工材料 12…リターンヨーク
13…永久磁石[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a press working device that performs press working such as punching, drawing, and forging by using a pair of dies.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In order to produce various machine element parts, a press working technique is actively used. In this press working, a press die is used to process a workpiece.
[0003]
However, since this mold is always used in contact with the workpiece at the time of working, it wears out after a certain period of use and is reground, or a new mold is manufactured and replaced when the life is over.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
To cope with this problem, various techniques have conventionally been considered and put to practical use. For example, in addition to a technique for coating the surface of a mold with a hard film such as a ceramic to reduce the amount of wear of the mold, the present invention relates to a machine or an apparatus in which the speed of a press ram is reduced in the vicinity of a processing point (Japanese Patent Laid-Open JP-A-49-106682, JP-A-49-81986, JP-A-56-26627, etc.) alleviate the impact at the time of contact between the workpiece and the mold and reduce the dynamic load applied to the mold. In some cases, the life of the mold is extended by reducing the amount.
[0005]
However, according to the above-described conventional technology, the amount of wear of the mold can be reduced, but a special device is required, which is not preferable in terms of manufacturing cost. From such a viewpoint, development of a press working apparatus capable of reducing abrasion of a press die with a simple configuration is urgently desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to satisfy such a demand, and an object of the present invention is to provide a press working apparatus capable of reducing the wear of a press die and extending the life.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention corresponding to claim 1 is that when a pair of upper and lower dies are used to perform press working such as punching, drawing , and forging , a contact portion between the pair of upper and lower dies and the material to be processed is provided. In the press working apparatus provided with a magnetic field generating means, the magnetic field generating means is provided in the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower molds come into contact with the workpiece at the time of press working in order to reduce wear of the pair of upper and lower molds. a yoke of C shape for forming a magnetic path covers the side outer peripheral portion of the magnetic field so as to flow from one side of the yoke of the C-shaped through the work piece contact portion of the upper and lower molds on the other side of the yoke And a magnet that forms .
[0008]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the residual magnetic flux density of the magnet of the first aspect of the present invention and the gap between the magnetic field generating means and the surface where the pair of upper and lower dies contact the workpiece at the time of press working. The relationship is set such that the magnetic flux density applied to the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower dies contact the workpiece during press working is 40 mT or more.
As described above, according to the inventions corresponding to the first and second aspects, it is possible to provide a press working apparatus capable of reducing the wear of the press die and extending the life.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a press working device for performing a punching process. FIG. It is a figure showing a cross section.
[0012]
The press die includes an upper die 1 and a lower die 2. The upper die 1 includes an upper die set blade 3, a punch holder-4, a backing plate 5, and a punch 6. The lower die 2 includes a lower die set plate 7, a die holder 8, a backing plate 9, and a die 10. The press die thus configured is mounted on a press working device (not shown) to perform press working.
[0013]
When the press ram of the press working apparatus descends, the upper die 1 descends and the punch 6 descends, whereby the material 11 to be processed sandwiched between the punch 6 and the die 10 is punched by the punch 6 and the die 10. It has become so.
[0014]
A return yoke 12 made of a magnetic material and having a C-shaped cross section is disposed in the vicinity of a pair of upper and lower molds that come into contact with the material to be processed during the press working. The return yoke 12 is provided with a gap so that the bunch 6 can move up and down, and the material 11 to be processed is fed forward using the C-shaped space of the return yoke 12.
[0015]
A permanent magnet 13 is fixed to one side surface of a return yoke 12 disposed in the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower dies contact the workpiece 11 at the time of press working, and the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 13 is returned to the return yoke. 12, through the punch 6 and the die 10, and further back to the permanent magnet 13. Here, the shortest gap between the permanent magnet 13 and one side of the punch 6 is δ1, the shortest gap between the return yoke 12 and the other side of the punch 6 is δ2, and the thickness of the permanent magnet 13 is δ3. I do.
[0016]
The punch 6 and the die 10 for the punching process of the press working device are generally made of a material such as tool steel, base metal tool steel, and high-speed steel. In addition, punches and dies of a press working device for drawing are generally made of materials such as malleable cast iron and cast steel. In addition, a die for a forging die and a die are generally made of a material such as tool steel or base metal tool steel. As the permanent magnet 13, for example, an oxide magnet (ferrite magnet) can be used.
[0017]
Here, for example, when a case where the residual magnetic flux density Bo is 2000 G (200 mT) is used, the magnetic flux density B between the permanent magnet 13, the punch 6, and the die 10 is set to 40 to 1OOmT (40O to 1OOOG). To do so, the values of the shortest gap δ1 between the permanent magnet 13 and the other side of the punch 6 and the shortest gap δ2 between the return yoke 12 and the other side of the punch 6 are determined as follows. Just fine.
[0018]
That is, when the thickness I of the permanent magnet 13 is δ3 = 3, the current I flowing through the permanent magnet 13 is
Figure 0003575917
At this time, the magnetic flux density B is
Figure 0003575917
Therefore, if δ1 = δ2, δ1 = δ2 = 6 to 1.5 cm.
[0019]
As described above, by configuring the magnetic flux density in the vicinity of the contact surface between the punch 6, the die 10, and the workpiece 11 to have a desired value, it is possible to greatly reduce the wear of both the punch 6 and the die 10. Out. As a result, the period until re-polishing can be lengthened, and the period until a new mold is manufactured and replaced can be lengthened.
[0020]
It is clear from the principle described below and the experimental results that such effects can be obtained.
First, the principle of reducing wear by magnetism will be described with reference to FIG. When magnetism is applied to the contact surface of the mold, gas adsorption, particularly oxygen, becomes active, and an oxide film is formed. It has been confirmed that when the oxide film is interposed on the contact surface, the contact and adhesion between the newly formed surfaces are reduced, and the phenomenon that the abrasion powder becomes finer and wear is reduced. The effect differs depending on the chemical composition or magnetic properties of the material.
[0021]
In other words, there is a difference in the sensitivity to the environment such as the reaction to oxygen and the temperature depending on the material (or the chemical components contained in the material), and the effect is different for each material. A ferromagnetic material containing a metal as a main component, for example, a steel material, is in a chemically non-equilibrium state, and is in a state of being easily bonded to other elements.
[0022]
It is said that when magnetism acts on a mold material made of such a material, it activates the tying (ionic bond or covalent bond) action with other elements, thereby promoting oxygen adsorption and thereby reducing wear. I have. When magnetism acts on the ferromagnetic material, an attractive force proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density is generated, and when the attractive force increases, the frictional force between the contact surface between the mold and the workpiece increases.
[0023]
Regarding the principle of friction and wear characteristics due to magnetism as described above, Japanese Patent Application No. 7-309085 describes in detail the results of a friction and wear test using a test apparatus.
In the above-described embodiment, the case where the permanent magnet 13 is used as the magnetic field generating means has been described. However, the embodiment using an electromagnetic coil instead of the permanent magnet 13 can be similarly implemented.
[0024]
(Other embodiments)
In the above-described embodiment, an example is described in which an oxide magnet (ferrite magnet) is used as the permanent magnet 13 and a magnet having a residual magnetic flux density Bo of 2000 G (20 OmT) is used. The residual magnetic flux density is O. 5 to 1.45 T, a rare earth magnet having a residual magnetic flux density of O.D. Various types such as those having 65 to 1.20 T, oxide magnets having a residual magnetic flux density of 0.20 to 0.45 T, and bond magnets having a residual magnetic flux density of 0.065 to 0.90 T are used. It is possible.
[0025]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which the pair of upper and lower dies on the inner periphery of the return yoke 12 are arranged on the surface facing the vicinity in contact with the workpiece at the time of press working. The arrangement position of the permanent magnet 13 is not limited to this, and the position where the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 13 is applied via the return yoke 12 to the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower dies contact the workpiece at the time of press working If it is, any position may be sufficient.
[0026]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where δ1 = δ2 = 6 to 1.5 cm has been described as the gap in FIG. 1. However, when the permanent magnet as described above is used, the residual magnetic flux density range is 0.065 to 1.45T.
[0027]
In the above-described embodiment, an example is described in which a pair of upper and lower molds is configured to apply a magnetic field by the permanent magnet 13 to the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower molds are in contact with the material to be processed at the time of press working, but the permanent magnet 13 is not provided. A similar effect can be obtained by using a magnetic material for the mold material itself and magnetizing it. Specifically, for example, in a drawing die, austempered spheroidal graphite cast iron FCDIOOOA, FCD1200A or the like may be used and magnetized.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention described above, since the wear of the press die of the press working apparatus can be significantly reduced, the life of the die can be extended, and the labor for replacement can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a press working device that performs a punching process. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a vicinity of working of the press working device. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the embodiment of FIG.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Upper mold 2 ... Lower mold 6 ... Punch 10 ... Die 11 ... Work material 12 ... Return yoke 13 ... Permanent magnet

Claims (2)

一対の上下金型を用いて、被加工材料の打抜き、絞り、鍛造などのプレス加工を行う時に前記一対の上下金型と前記被加工材料との接触部近傍に磁界発生手段を設けたプレス加工装置において、
前記磁界発生手段は、前記一対の上下金型の摩耗を少なくするために、該一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する近傍部の側面外周部を覆い磁路を形成するC形状のヨークと、このC形状のヨークの一方面部から前記上下金型の被加工材料接触部を通って前記ヨークの他方面部に流入させるように磁界を形成する磁石とを具備することを特徴とするプレス加工装置。
Using a pair of upper and lower molds, press working in which a magnetic field generating means is provided near a contact portion between the pair of upper and lower molds and the work material when performing press working such as punching, drawing, and forging of the work material. In the device,
The magnetic field generating means forms a magnetic path by covering the outer peripheral portion of the side surface in the vicinity where the pair of upper and lower molds come into contact with the workpiece at the time of press working in order to reduce wear of the pair of upper and lower molds. A C-shaped yoke, and a magnet for forming a magnetic field so as to flow from one surface of the C-shaped yoke to the other surface of the yoke through the workpiece contact portions of the upper and lower molds. A press working device characterized by the above-mentioned.
前記磁石の残留磁束密度と、前記磁界発生手段と前記一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する面との空隙との関係を、前記一対の上下金型がプレス加工時に前記被加工材料と接触する近傍部にかかる磁束密度が40mT以上となるように設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプレス加工装置。 The relationship between the residual magnetic flux density of the magnet and the gap between the magnetic field generating means and the surface where the pair of upper and lower dies contact the material to be processed at the time of press working, the pair of upper and lower dies at the time of press working 2. The press working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux density applied to the vicinity portion in contact with the material to be processed is set to be 40 mT or more .
JP13302496A 1996-05-28 1996-05-28 Press processing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP3575917B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13302496A JP3575917B2 (en) 1996-05-28 1996-05-28 Press processing equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13302496A JP3575917B2 (en) 1996-05-28 1996-05-28 Press processing equipment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH09314394A JPH09314394A (en) 1997-12-09
JP3575917B2 true JP3575917B2 (en) 2004-10-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP13302496A Expired - Fee Related JP3575917B2 (en) 1996-05-28 1996-05-28 Press processing equipment

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JPH09314394A (en) 1997-12-09

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