JP3575604B2 - Excavation management method and excavation management device during shield excavation - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention constructs a shield tunnel at the lower part of a roadbed such as a shared railroad, road and runway.Management method and management during shield excavation in caseEquipment related.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, when constructing a shield tunnel at a relatively shallow lower part such as a common railroad, road, runway, etc., the subgrade can be displaced due to subsidence and elevation of the subbase to ensure the safety of passengers in the driving vehicle. It must be kept as small as possible.
[0003]
However, vehicles are constantly running on the roadbed such as railroads, roads and runways during the common use time, and manned measurement is extremely dangerous and difficult.
[0004]
For this reason, it is difficult to feed back the condition of the roadbed in real time during shield excavation, calculate an appropriate excavation management value, and perform shield excavation management using the calculated value.
[0005]
By the way, as a conventional technique of the roadbed displacement management at the time of excavating this kind of shield, there are (1) a method in which boring is performed in advance on an upper part of a shield passage portion and a sinkometer is embedded,
(2) In a railway, a method in which a sinkometer is integrally fixed to a rail,
and so on.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the prior art has the following problems.
[0007]
That is, in the prior art (1), the work time is restricted in performing boring during sharing. Also, the construction cost is high.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the prior art (2), even if the squat gauge is integrally fixed to the rail, the rail is an elastic body having high rigidity,DetectedThe value does not always match the actual displacement. Also, roadbed displacementDetectedThe value always fluctuates greatly due to the passage of the train when the train runs.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to accurately displace a ground surface or a roadbed at the time of shield excavation by using a non-contact type distance measuring device.DetectionIt is to provide a method that can do this.
[0010]
IeIn addition, the roadbed displacement during shield excavation can be suppressed to a very small level, and the behavior of the roadbed can be grasped accurately and unattended.DetectionInstallation time for equipment is less time-sensitive and construction costs can be reducedExcavation during shield excavationIt is to provide a management method.
[0011]
Further, the method of the present invention can be appropriately performed.ExcavationIt is to provide a management device.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the method of the present invention, when constructing a shield tunnel, a shield excavation management value is set in advance from the properties of the ground, and the shield is excavated based on the excavation management value. ,Measure the plane position of the shield machine,At any time before, during, or after the excavation of the shield, the amount of displacement of the ground surface or the roadbed is detected, and the appropriate control value of the shield machine at the relevant plane position is calculated from these displacement amounts. The excavation management value is maintained or corrected based on the value, and the operation of the shield machine is appropriately controlled.
[0013]
Claim 2The method of the present invention comprises:The method of detecting the displacement amount of the ground surface or the roadbed is provided along the shield excavation route, providing a plurality of fixed positions at a position higher than the ground, installing a non-contact type distance measuring device at each of the fixed positions, the upper part of the excavation line A plurality of measuring points are provided near the ground surface or the roadbed, and at any time during excavation of the shield, during excavation, or at any time after excavation, the distance from the fixed position to the measurement point is measured by the distance measuring device. The vertical distance between the fixed position and the measurement point is calculated from the distance measured in the above, and the displacement amount of the ground surface or the roadbed in the shield excavation is detected from the vertical distance.
[0014]
Claim 3The device of the present invention constructs a shield tunnelExcavation management device used in the case,Shield machine position measuring means to measure the plane position of the shield machine, and roadbed displacement on the shield excavation routeThe amountNon-contact distance measurementDetectionRoadbed displacementQuantity detectionMeans and computerThe computer comprises:Shield machine based on excavation management value set in advance from the properties of the groundoperationFunction of the shield machine and the measured plane position of the shield machine and the displacement of the roadbed.In the plane positionCalculate the appropriate control value of the shield machine and maintain or correct the excavation control value based on this appropriate control value,operationFunction to properly controlIt is characterized by having.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0016]
FIG. 1 to FIG. 11 show an embodiment of the present invention when the roadbed displacement management during shield excavation is applied when a shield tunnel is constructed below a roadbed such as a railway (track). The present invention can be applied not only to the lower part of the roadbed such as a railway but also to the lower part of a private area.
[0017]
First, Figure 1 shows the track and shield machineExcavationFIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a roadbed displacement.Quantity detectionIt is a top view which shows the installation state of the member which comprises a means.
[0018]
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the track has a roadbed 4 formed by laying gravel on the roadbed surface 3 on the compacted roadbed 2. A large number of sleepers 5 are arranged on the roadbed 4 at required intervals in the length direction (y-axis direction). Two sets of two rails 6 are laid on the upper part of the row of the sleepers 5, and a double track is constructed.
[0019]
A plurality of piles 7 are driven into the outer side of the track bed 4 at required intervals in the length direction (y-axis direction) and the width direction (x-axis direction). At the top of each stake 7, a column 8 for an overhead wire is provided. An overhead wire receiver 9 is fixed to the upper part of two pillars 8 facing each other across the track bed 4 in the width direction. An overhead wire (not shown) for supplying power to the vehicle is installed in an overhead wire receiver 9 arranged in the length direction of the track bed 4.
[0020]
In constructing the shield tunnel 33 below the roadbed 2 of the track, a shield machine 13 is introduced from the starting shaft 11, and the ground 1 is excavated by the shield machine 13.
[0021]
A segment 12 for starting the shield machine is fixed in the starting shaft 11.
[0022]
The shield machine 13 includes a shield cylinder 14, a partition 15, a hood 16, a cutter driving device 17, a cutter driving shaft 18 supported on the partition 15 via a bearing (not shown), and a cutter driving shaft. A cutter 19 attached to the drill 18, a chamber 23 for excavated earth and sand, a mud working material injection system (not shown) provided to face the chamber 23 from the cutter drive shaft 18, and a cutter 23 facing the chamber 23. An earth pressure gauge 24 provided on the partition 15, a screw conveyor 25 serving as an earth removal device, a shield jack 26, a backfill injection pipe 27, a filler injection pipe 29, and a tail attached to the rear of the shield cylinder 14. It is provided with a seal 31 and the like.
[0023]
The cutter 19 includes a cutter disk 20 integrally attached to the cutter drive shaft 18, a number of cutter bits 21 provided on an outer surface side of the cutter disk 20, and a plurality of cutter bits 21 provided on an inner surface side of the cutter disk 20. And a stirring blade 22. The cutter 19 is rotationally driven by the cutter driving device 17 via the cutter driving shaft 18, and the cutter bit 21 excavates the ground 1.
[0024]
The chamber 23 is formed in a space surrounded by the partition wall 15, the hood 16, and the face. The earth and sand excavated by the cutter 19 are taken into the chamber 23.
[0025]
The mud soil material injection system injects the mud soil material into the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 23. The excavated earth and sand into which the mud material has been injected is stirred by the stirring blades 22 provided on the cutter disk 20.
[0026]
The earth pressure gauge 24 measures the earth pressure of the face and sends the measured value to a computer 49 described later.
[0027]
The screw conveyor 25 carries out the excavated earth and sand in the chamber 23 to the starting shaft 11 side and discharges the earth while maintaining the inside of the chamber 23 at a predetermined pressure.
[0028]
The shield jack 26 starts the shield machine 13 by taking a reaction force on the segment 12 fixed to the entrance of the starting shaft 11 at the beginning of excavation of the ground 1, and starts the shield cylinder 14 after the excavation of the ground 1 proceeds. The reaction force is propelled to the segment 32 assembled in the rear inside of the vehicle.
[0029]
The backfill injection pipe 27 injects a backfill material 28 into a gap between the ground 1 and the segment 32.
[0030]
The filler injection pipe 29 injects the filler 30 into the gap between the ground 1 and the shield tube 14.
[0031]
The tail seal 31 prevents infiltration of muddy water from the rear part of the shield tube 14 and keeps the shield machine 13 watertight.
[0032]
The shield excavation route line 35 is substantially at the center in the width direction (x-axis direction) of the shield tunnel 33 to be excavated, and extends in the shield excavation direction 34.
[0033]
Then, the shield machine 13 is started from the starting shaft 11 in the base 2 at the lower part of the track while keeping the earth cover 10, excavates the ground 1 in the shield excavation direction 34 along the shield excavation route 35, and Assemble the segment 32 inside the rear of the vehicle and construct the shield tunnel 33.
[0034]
By the way, as shown in FIGS.Quantity detectionMeans, a control room 48, a computer 49 installed in the control room 48, a display 50 connected thereto, a terminal device 51 installed in the shield machine 13, and the like. .
[0035]
Subbase displacementQuantity detectionMeans were installed on shield route 35 at required intervals.For detection, And target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,... Mounted on the upper portions of the stakes 36a, 36b, 36c,.DetectionFixed point 43 forDetectionAnd light-wave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44b, which are non-contact type distance measuring devices, installed on the overhead wire receiver 9 above the track as a fixed position.
[0036]
Each stake, 36a, 36b, 36c,... Are installed vertically toward the center of the shield tunnel 33 to be constructed, and are driven with a depth 54 sufficiently deep from the roadbed surface 3 to be ground. It is installed integrally with.
[0037]
It is desirable that at least the upper surface of each of the target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,. Also, on the upper surface of each target plate 37a, 37b, 37c,.Station38 are set. The target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,...The stake36a, 36b, 36c,... Are mounted concentrically.
[0038]
SaidDetectionFixed point 43 is manually set in the vicinity of the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44b.
[0039]
Each of the lightwave distance measuring devices 44a and 44b is formed so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis 46. The light wave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44b are located on the overhead wire receiver 9 as positions where the target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,.DetectionMounted in position. A measuring instrument cover 47 is put on each of the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44b. Further, each of the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44b is connected to a computer 49 via an electric wire 52.
[0040]
And this roadbed displacementQuantity detectionBy means, when the roadbed 2 is stationary, the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a and 44bDetectionThe fixed point 43 is irradiated with the laser beam 45, and the values of the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the displacement angle at that time are set to x = 0, y = 0, and θ = θo.
[0041]
Next, the target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,... Were set from the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a, 44b.Station38 is irradiated with a laser beam 45, and the values of the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the displacement angle at that time are set to x = a, y = a, and θ = θa.
[0042]
Then, after the shield machine 13 is started, the roadbed displacement at the measuring point 38 set on the target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,... By the lightwave type distance measuring devices 44a, 44b.amountContinuouslyDetectionAnd thatDetectedThe values are sent from the lightwave distance measuring devices 44a and 44b to the computer 49 via the electric wire 52 in real time.
[0043]
As described above, this roadbed displacementQuantity detectionAccording to the means, it was driven at a required interval along the shield excavation line 35Pile36a, 36b, 36c, ... and thesePile36a, 36b, 36c,... Are set on target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,.DetectionPoint 38 and arbitrarily setDetectionFixed point 43 forDetectionRoadbed displacement by a non-contact type distance measuring device utilizing a laser beam 45 by means of a light wave type distance measuring device 44a, 44b mounted at a position.amountIn real time and accuratelyDetectioncan do.
[0044]
Prior to the shield excavation, the computer 49 stores various excavation management values. These various excavation management values are set based on the soil properties of the ground confirmed in advance. Further, the computer 49 sends a control signal to the relevant part of the shield machine 13 based on the various excavation management values, and starts the shield machine 13. Further, the computer 49 transmits the position measurement value of the shield machine from the shield machine position measuring means (not shown) during the excavation of the shield to the roadbed.Displacement detectionRoadbed displacement from meansDetected quantityEach value is taken, and a command is sent to the display 50 or the terminal device 51, and theDetectedDisplay the value. The computer 49 also calculates the position measurement value of the shield machine and the roadbed displacement.Detected quantityCalculate with the value.SubbaseThe displacement state includes “preceding subsidence / no displacement / previous uplift”, “machine subsidence / no displacement / upper-machine uplift”, “subsequent subsidence / no displacement / subsequent uplift”, and the like. Further, the computer 49 sends a command to the display 50 or the terminal device 51 to display the calculated value. Further, the computer 49Based on the roadbed displacement, the shield machine 13Calculate the appropriate control value of the section. Then, the computer 49 maintains or corrects the various excavation management values based on the appropriate control value, and appropriately controls the relevant portion of the shield machine 13.
[0045]
The computer 49 has at least the functions as described above.
[0046]
The display 50 displays the position on the plane of the shield machine and the displacement of the roadbed at the time of excavation in accordance with a command from the computer 49.amountIs displayed.
[0047]
The terminal device 51 installed in the shield machine 13 is connected to a computer 49 via an electric wire 53. The terminal device 51 also receives a command from the computer 49 to control the position of the shield machine on the plane and the displacement of the roadbed during excavation.amountIs displayed. Further, an operator in the shield machine 13 can communicate information on the shield excavation to the computer 49 from the terminal device 51.
[0048]
Next, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the roadbed displacement, and FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the roadbed displacement.
[0049]
The normal roadbed displacement occurs in a range of about 45 degrees, such as a roadbed settlement 68 and a settlement influence area 69 of the shield tunnel 33.
[0050]
In this roadbed displacement, a preceding settlement 60 or a preceding uplift 61 occurs at the front surface of the shield machine 13 with respect to the roadbed surface 3, that is, at the unexcavated portion. This occurs when the managed earth pressure of the face does not match the stationary earth pressure, that is, when the balance between the excavated amount and the earth removal amount of the shield machine 13 is not maintained.
[0051]
The measurement of the preceding subsidence 60 and the preceding uplift 61 is performed continuously in a necessary range in front of the shield machine 13.DetectionDo it by doing.
[0052]
When the shield machine 13 passes, a gap 62 between the shield machine 13 and the ground 1 causes an on-machine sink 62 or an on-machine uplift 63.
[0053]
The sink on the machine 62 and the ridge 63 on the machineIsThe necessary range around the tail seal passing point 66 of the shield machine 13 is continuouslyDetectionDo it by doing.
[0054]
After passing through the tail seal of the shield machine 13 (the passage point of the tail seal is indicated by reference numeral 66 in FIG. 4), since the segments 32 are assembled inside the shield machine 13, the shield machine 13 has an amount corresponding to the thickness of the tail plate and the tail clearance. Therefore, a gap is generated between the segment 32 and the ground 1. The backfill 28 is injected into this gap simultaneously with the excavation.
[0055]
During the passage of the shield machine 13, a subsequent sinking 64 or a following ridge 65 occurs.
[0056]
The trailing subsidence 64 and trailing ridge 65Is, The required range of the rear part of the tail seal 31 of the shield machine 13 is continuouslyDetectionDo it by doing.
[0057]
Thereafter, a minute deformation is observed for a long time, and finally converges.
[0058]
Next, FIG. 6 shows the amount of subsidence of the subgrade when the subgrade subsides.DetectionFIG. 7 shows a state B in FIG. 6 in an enlarged manner. FIG. 8 shows the amount of protrusion of the roadbed surface when the roadbed is raised.DetectionFIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG.
[0059]
The roadbed displacement shown in FIGS.Quantity detectionIn technology,Pile36, target plate 37, and on the target plateDetectionPoints 38-42,DetectionPoint (not shown in FIGS. 6 to 9) and roadbed displacement provided with a lightwave type distance measuring device 44 and the likeQuantity detectionThis is performed using a means.
[0060]
SaidPile36 is driven perpendicularly to the roadbed surface 3 along the shield excavation route 35 in the roadbed 2. Also,PileThe base 36 is driven into the roadbed 2 with a root 54, and is in contact with the roadbed 2 in the range of the root 54, so that the base 36 is displaced in the vertical direction to approximately the same degree as the roadbed displacement.
[0061]
The target plate 37 isPileAt the upper part of 36, it is attached concentrically. Near the center of the upper surface of the target plate 37,DetectionA point 38 has been set.
[0062]
SaidDetectionThe fixed point is manually set at an arbitrary position near the lightwave type distance measuring device 44, for example, outside the orbit (see FIG. 2).
[0063]
The light wave type distance measuring device 44 is provided on a target plate.DetectionPoints 38-42,DetectionOverlook the fixed pointDetectionSet on the overhead wire receiver 9 as a positionDetectionIt is installed in a position.
[0064]
Subbase displacementQuantity detectionRoadbed displacement by meansDetectionTo do this, the light wave type distance measuring device 44DetectionThe laser beam 45 is irradiated to the fixed point for use, and the values of the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the displacement angle at that time are set to x = 0, y = 0, and θ = θo.
[0065]
Next, also in the stationary state of the roadbed 2, the light wave type distance measuring device 44DetectionThe point 38 is irradiated with a laser beam 45, and the values of the x-axis direction, y-axis direction, and displacement angle at that time are set to x = a, y = a, and θ = θa.
[0066]
Then, after the shield machine 13 starts moving, the laser beam 45 is continuously irradiated on the target plate 37 from the lightwave type distance measuring device 44 to continuously displace the roadbed 2.DetectionI do.
[0067]
Now, as shown in FIG. 6, assuming that the roadbed surface 3 sinks,Pile36 is in contact with the roadbed 2 within the range of the indentation 54,PileThe reference numeral 36 descends substantially the same as the amount of subsidence of the roadbed surface 3. Accordingly, the target plate 37 is displaced from the non-displaced state 57 to the sinking state 58.
[0068]
When the target plate 37 is displaced from the non-displaced state 57 to the sinking state 58, as shown in FIG.DetectionPoint 38 and on the target plate 37 'in the sinking state 58DetectionPoint 39 and the target plate 37 in the non-displacement state 57DetectionThis is the intersection of the vertical line dropped from the point 38 onto the target plate 37 'in the sinking state 58 and the upper surface of the target plate 37'.DetectionA right triangle connecting point 40 is formed.
[0069]
Here, the displacement angle θa and the laser beam displacement Δx are sent from the lightwave type distance measuring device 44 to the computer 49 shown in FIG.
[0070]
The computer 49 is capable of controlling the roadbed displacement and the like.DetectedWhile taking in the value, send a command to the display 50 and the terminal device 51,DetectedDisplay the value. The computer 49 calculates the roadbed settlement amount Δz by the following equation.
(Equation 1)
Δz = Δx × cos θa
[0071]
Further, the computer 49 causes the display 50 and the terminal device 51 to display the calculated roadbed subsidence amount Δz.
[0072]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, when the roadbed surface 3 rises,Pile36 is in contact with the roadbed 2 within the range of the indentation 54,Pile36 rises to the same extent as the amount of protrusion of the roadbed surface 3.PileWith the rise of 36, the target plate 37 is displaced from the non-displaced state 57 to the raised state 59.
[0073]
When the target plate 37 is displaced from the non-displaced state 57 to the raised state 59, as shown in FIG.DetectionPoint 38 and on target plate 37 "in raised state 59DetectionThe point 41 and the target plate 37 in the state 57 without displacementDetectionThe intersection of a perpendicular drawn from point 38 onto target plate 38 "in raised state 59 and the top surface of target plate 37".DetectionA right triangle connecting point 42 is formed.
[0074]
Then, the displacement angle θa ′ and the laser beam displacement Δx ′ are sent from the lightwave type distance measuring device 44 to the computer 49.
[0075]
The computer 49, like the one described above,DetectedFetch the value and send a command to the display 50 or the terminal device 51,DetectedDisplay the value. Further, the computer 49 calculates the roadbed uplift amount Δz ′ according to the following equation, and causes the display 50 and the terminal device 51 to display the calculated roadbed uplift amount Δz ′.
(Equation 2)
Δz ′ = Δx ′ × cos θa ′
[0076]
Subgrade displacement explained aboveQuantity detectionMeans, the computer 49, the display 50 and the terminal device 51, the unmanned roadbed displacement is measured using a non-contact distance measuring device.DetectionAnd thatDetectedCalculate the roadbed subsidence amount Δz and the roadbed uplift amount Δz ′ from the values in real time,DetectedValues and calculated values can be displayed in real time.
[0077]
Also,PileBecause 36 is driven into the roadbed 2 with the rooting 54,PileThe base 36 is in direct contact with the roadbed 2 in the range of the rooting 54 and is displaced vertically in substantially the same amount as the roadbed displacement amount.
[0078]
Next, FIG. 10 is a flowchart of roadbed displacement management, and FIG. 11 is a diagram showing criteria for determining the position of the shield machine.
[0079]
Prior to the shield excavation, in step 100, the soil properties of the ground on the shield excavation route 35 are confirmed in advance by boring or the like.
[0080]
Next, in step 101, various excavation management values of the shield machine are set from the soil property data of the ground. These various excavation management values are face earth pressure management values, excavated soil volume values, backfill management values, selection of backfill materials, filler management values, and the like. The backfill management values are the injection pressure (mud pressure of the face + α) and the injection amount (void amount + α).
[0081]
Next, in step 102, the shield machine 13 is started based on various preset excavation management values of the shield machine for the shield excavation. The start of the shield machine 13 is performed by rotating the cutter 19, rotating the screw conveyor 25, and extending the shield jack 26.
[0082]
After starting the shield machine 13, various measurements are made in step 103.,DetectionI do.itemIs the roadbed displacementQuantity detectionRoadbed displacement by means, shield machine 13 position, cutter torque, excavated soil volume, face earth pressure by earth pressure gauge 24, rotation speed of screw conveyor 25, feed / drainage flow rate, thrust of shield jack 26, Speed, backfill pressure, backfill injection amount, filler injection amount, and the like. And the variousofThe values are sent to the computer 49 shown in FIG.
[0083]
Then, in step 104, the computer 49ofThe values are fetched, a command is sent from the computer 49, and various types are sent to the display 50 in the control room 48 and the terminal device 51 in the shield machine 13.ofDisplay the value.
[0084]
Next, in step 105, the computer 49 determines whether the management pressure, that is, the management earth pressure or the muddy water pressure is within the management range.
[0085]
As a result of the judgment, when the control pressure is out of the control range, the shield excavation is stopped, and the process returns to step 100 to re-examine the soil properties of the ground.
[0086]
If the result of the determination is that the time falls within the management range, the process proceeds to the next step.
[0087]
Then, at step 106, the roadbed displacement is performed by the computer 49.DetectedThe roadbed subsidence amount Δz and the roadbed uplift amount Δz ′ are calculated from the values. Thereafter, the computer 49 determines the presence or absence of the roadbed displacement and determines the roadbed displacement state from the measured value of the position of the shield machine 13. The measurement of the position of the shield machine 13 is performed according to the criteria shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the roadbed displacement state includes a preceding subsidence 60, a preceding elevation 61, an on-machine subsidence 62, an on-machine elevation 63, a subsequent subsidence 64, and a subsequent elevation 65.
[0088]
Then, in step 107, the computer 49 determines whether or not there is a roadbed displacement with respect to the preceding subsidence 60 and the preceding uplift 61.
[0089]
As a result of the judgment, when the preceding settlement 60 is recognized, the control pressure is increased in step 108. More specifically, the rotation speed of the screw conveyor 25 is reduced, the excavation speed is increased, or the mud pressure is increased by adjusting the flow rate of feeding and discharging mud.
[0090]
Conversely, when the leading ridge 61 is recognized, the control pressure is reduced in step 109. Specifically, the rotation speed of the screw conveyer 25 is increased, the excavation speed is reduced, or the flow rate of the feeding and discharging mud is adjusted to lower the mud pressure.
[0091]
As a result of the judgment, when there is no displacement, that is, when the roadbed displacement related to the preceding settlement 60 or the preceding ridge 61 is not recognized, the shield excavation is continued while maintaining the current management pressure.
[0092]
Next, in step 110, the computer 49 determines whether or not there is a roadbed displacement with respect to the sinking on the machine 62 and the ridge 63 on the machine.
[0093]
As a result of the judgment, when the settlement 62 on the machine is recognized, the filling material is increased in step 111. Specifically, the injection pressure of the filler 30 is increased, or the injection amount of the filler 30 is increased.
[0094]
Conversely, when the on-machine bump 63 is recognized, the filling of the filler is reduced in step 112. Specifically, the injection pressure of the filler 30 is reduced, or the injection amount of the filler 30 is reduced.
[0095]
As a result of the judgment, when there is no displacement, that is, when the roadbed displacement related to the sinking on the machine 62 or the ridge 63 on the machine is not recognized, the current filler injection management is maintained, and the monitoring of the filler injection is continued in step 113. Do.
[0096]
At the time of shield excavation, backfill injection is performed by the backfill injection pipe 27 in step 114.
[0097]
Then, during backfill injection, it is continuously determined in step 115 whether or not the backfill management value is within the management range. As described above, the backfill management value includes the injection pressure and the injection amount.
[0098]
If it is determined that the backfill management value is out of the control range, the backfill injection is stopped in step 116, the shield excavation is also stopped, and the process returns to step 100 to return to the soil properties of the ground. And re-select the backfill material.
[0099]
If it is determined that the backfill management value is within the management range, the process proceeds to the next step.
[0100]
Next, in step 117, the computer 49 determines whether or not there is a roadbed displacement with respect to the subsequent settlement 64 and the subsequent uplift 65.
[0101]
As a result of the judgment, if the subsequent settlement 64 is recognized, the backfill management value is increased in step 118. Specifically, the backfill injection pressure is increased or the backfill injection amount is increased.
[0102]
Conversely, when the subsequent bump 65 is recognized, the backfill management value is lowered in step 119. Specifically, the backfill injection pressure is reduced or the backfill injection amount is reduced.
[0103]
As a result of the judgment, when there is no displacement, that is, when the roadbed displacement relating to the subsequent settlement 64 or the subsequent uplift 65 is not recognized, the current backfill injection management is maintained, and the monitoring of the backfill injection is continuously performed in step 120.
[0104]
As described above, in this embodiment, the displacement of the roadbedDetectionThe position of the shield machine, the calculation of the roadbed displacement amount, the calculation of the roadbed displacement state, the display of the measured value and the calculated value are performed in real time, and the appropriate control value of the relevant part of the shield machine 13 is calculated from the calculated value. Based on this appropriate control value, various excavation management values are maintained or corrected, and thePlane position, The roadbed displacement during shield excavation can be kept extremely small.
[0105]
Next, FIG. 12 shows the roadbed displacement.Quantity detectionIt is a longitudinal section showing other examples of a measurement pile in a means.
[0106]
As shown in FIG.PileNumeral 70 has an outer pipe 71 at a portion of the pile main body where the track bed 4 penetrates.
[0107]
This allowsPileIt is possible to reduce friction between the pile body 70 and the track bed 4.
[0108]
In addition,PileA target plate 72 is attached to an upper part of the target 70. This target plate 72 is the same as the target plates 37a, 37b, 37c,... Shown in FIGS.
[0109]
Next, FIG.PileIt is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows another Example of this.
[0110]
As shown in FIG.Pile73 is provided with a widened excavation part 74 at the lower end of the pile body.
[0111]
thisPileAt 73, the pile body is driven or rotated and fixed in place on the track.
[0112]
ThenPileThe fixing material 75 is poured from the lower end of the main body to the required portion, and the ground 1 directly above the shield tunnel to be constructedPile73 is fixed.
[0113]
further,PileA sliding material 76 is inserted into a gap above the fixing portion of the main body.
[0114]
AndPileA target plate 77 having a measurement point on the upper surface is attached to the upper part of the target plate 73.
[0115]
In this embodimentPileReference numeral 73 denotes a case where the roadbed 2 is hard and the area immediately above the shield tunnel to be constructed is soft in an alternate layered ground or where the earth cover is large,Quantity detectionIt is effective to apply when it is difficult.
[0116]
In addition,DetectionIf your target is a road or runway,DetectionA target plate, nails, or the like may be installed on a road surface in a range where a vehicle is required, or a pile or the like may be used if it does not hinder traffic of a vehicle or the like.
[0117]
Next, FIG. 14 is a front view showing an embodiment in which a lightwave type distance measuring device is installed on the roof of a selected building among the buildings constructed on both sides of the track, and FIG. 15 is a plan view of FIG. is there.
[0118]
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, among the buildings 78, 79, and 80 constructed on both sides of the track, the lightwave type distance measuring device 44a is installed on the roof of the building 78 on one side, and the other. The lightwave type distance measuring device 44b is installed on the roof of the building 80 on the side of.
[0119]
On the other hand, along the shield excavation line 35 of the shield tunnel to be constructed, andPile36a, 36b, 36c,... eachPile36a, 36b, 36c,...DetectionTarget plates 37a, 37b, 37c,... Having points 38 are mounted.
[0120]
Then, the lightwave type distance measuring device 44a uses the laser beam 45 to move the target plates 37a to 37g.DetectionThe vertical displacement accompanying the roadbed displacement at point 38 isDetectionThen, the lightwave type distance measuring device 44b is also operated on the target plates 37e to 37k by the laser light 45.DetectionThe vertical displacement accompanying the roadbed displacement at point 38 isDetectionAndDetectedEach value is sent to a computer for processing.
[0121]
Other configurations and operations of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 are the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0122]
The building in which the lightwave type distance measuring device is installed may be the roof of a wooden house. When using a wooden house, it is preferable to be supported at an immovable position in the ground such as a pile.
[0123]
Install a lightwave distance measuring device on the rooftop of a building to reduce roadbed displacement.DetectionWhen mannedDetectionIs also possible, andDetectedThe results can also be transmitted wirelessly to a computer in the control room.
[0124]
Also,DetectionIf the target is a road, the lightwave type distance measuring device may be installed on the median strip, a support may be provided on the side of the road, or it may be installed on the roof of a nearby building.
[0125]
Next, FIG. 16 shows the roadbed displacement.Quantity detectionIt is a conceptual diagram which shows the Example which a means, an arithmetic processing part, and a display part differ.
[0126]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, a unit of a lightwave type distance measuring device 81 and a camera 82 is installed on the overhead wire receiver 9. A camera 82 is coupled to the lightwave type distance measuring device 81 so that its collimating eyepiece lens has an optical axis coincident with each other. The lightwave distance measuring device 81 and the camera 82DetectorThe cover 83 is covered.
[0127]
The lightwave type distance measuring device 81 has a built-in operating unit for operating vertically and horizontally.
[0128]
The camera 82 may be an infrared type that can be used even at night or a normal type. However, ordinary types require auxiliary lighting at night.
[0129]
On the other hand, in the control room 84, a computer 85, a display 86, an operation panel 87, and a TV monitor 88 are installed. On the other hand, a terminal device 89 and a TV monitor 90 are installed inside the shield machine 13.
[0130]
The computer 85 fetches measured values from the lightwave type distance measuring device 81 and the like and sends commands to the display 86, the TV monitor 88, the terminal device 89, and the TV monitor 90 to display the measured values, similarly to the computer shown in FIG. And calculates the roadbed displacement and the roadbed displacement state, sends commands to the display 86, the TV monitor 88, the terminal device 89, and the TV monitor 90 to display the calculated value. SaidIn the plane positionCalculate the appropriate control value of the shield machine, maintain or correct various excavation management values based on this appropriate control value, andPlane positionHas the function of properly controlling
[0131]
The display 86 is operated by a command from the computer 85.TodisplayI do.
[0132]
The operation panel 87 is connected to a lightwave distance measuring device 81 via an electric wire 91, and the operation panel 87 is connected to a computer 85 via an electric wire 92. Then, while monitoring the TV monitor 88 in the control room 84, the operation panel 87 detects the displacement of the roadbed.DetectionThe collimation of the lightwave type distance measuring device 81 is set to a point (omitted in FIG. 16).
[0133]
A camera 82 is connected to a TV monitor 88 in the control room 84 via an electric wire 93, and the TV monitor 88 is connected to a computer 85 via an electric wire 94. The TV monitor 88 displays an image captured by the camera 82 according to a command from the computer 85.
[0134]
A terminal device 89 installed in the shield machine 13 is connected to a computer 85 via an electric wire 95, and is displayed by a command from the computer 85.I do.
[0135]
The TV monitor 90 installed in the shield machine 13 is connected to a computer 85 via an electric wire 96. This TV monitor 90 is also displayed by a command from the computer 85.I do.
[0136]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 as well, the displacement of the roadbedDetectionAnd display the value, and the position of the shield machine and the roadbed displacementDetectedFrom the value of the shield machineIn the plane positionCalculates the appropriate control value of, and maintains or corrects various excavation management values based on this appropriate control value, and can appropriately control the relevant part of the shield machine, so it is possible to minimize the roadbed displacement during shield excavation it can.
[0137]
In this embodiment, the image taken by the camera 82 is taken into the computer 85, and the image data is analyzed and calculated to obtain the displacement of the roadbed.DetectionPoints can also be automatically collimated.
[0138]
Further, the operation panel 87 may be installed in the shield machine 13 and operated on the face side.
[0139]
Furthermore, it is also possible to install a terminal device or a TV monitor on the face side to monitor the roadbed displacement.
[0140]
Furthermore, in the present invention, the displacement of the roadbed is changed by using an artificial satellite instead of the lightwave type distance measuring device.DetectionAlternatively, any device using a non-contact distance measuring device may be used.
[0141]
Further, the shield method can be applied to any method such as mud pressure, mud pressure, DOT, MF, and eccentric multi-axis.
[0142]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the method of the present invention, when constructing a shield tunnel at the lower part of a traffic route, a shield excavation management value is set in advance from the properties of the ground, and the shield is excavated based on this excavation management value,Measure the plane position of the shield machine,At any time before, during, or after the excavation of the shield, the amount of displacement of the ground surface or the roadbed is detected, and the appropriate control value of the shield machine at the relevant plane position is calculated from the amount of displacement, and this appropriate control is performed. Since the excavation management value is maintained or corrected based on the value and the operation of the shield machine is appropriately controlled, there is an effect that the displacement of the roadbed at the time of excavating the shield is extremely small, and the behavior of the unmanned and the roadbed is unmanned. This has the effect of being able to accurately grasp the situation, and further has the effect of reducing the time constraints of the installation work of the equipment for detecting roadbed displacement and reducing the construction cost.
[0143]
Also,In detecting the displacement amount of the ground surface or the roadbed, a plurality of fixed positions are provided at a position higher than the ground along the shield excavation route, and a non-contact type distance measuring device is installed at each of the fixed positions, and the ground on the excavation route line is installed. A plurality of measuring points are provided on the surface or in the vicinity of the roadbed, and the distance from the fixed position to the measuring point is measured by the distance measuring device at any time before, during, or after excavation of the shield. From the measured distance, calculate the vertical distance between the fixed position and the measuring point, and detect the displacement of the ground surface or roadbed during shield excavation from this vertical distanceSo thatThere is an effect that the ground surface or the roadbed at the time of shield excavation can be accurately measured using a non-contact type distance measuring device.
[0144]
Further, the device of the present inventionIs a digging management device used when constructing a shield tunnel,Shield machine position measuring means to measure the plane position of the shield machine, and roadbed displacement on the shield excavation routeThe amountNon-contact distance measurementDetectionRoadbed displacementQuantity detectionMeans and computerThe computer comprises:Shield machine based on excavation management value set in advance from the properties of the groundoperationFunction of the shield machine and the measured plane position of the shield machine and the displacement of the roadbed.In the plane positionCalculate the appropriate control value of the shield machine and maintain or correct the excavation control value based on this appropriate control value,operationHas a function of properly controlling the roadbed displacement management method of the present invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing one embodiment when the present invention is applied to construct a shield tunnel below a roadbed of a track.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 shows the roadbed displacement in the embodiment shown in FIG.Quantity detectionIt is a top view which shows the installation state of the member which comprises a means.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a roadbed displacement.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of roadbed displacement.
FIG. 6 shows the amount of subsidence on the roadbed surface when the roadbed subsidesDetectionIt is a figure showing a state.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the amount of protrusion of the roadbed surface when the roadbed is raised;DetectionIt is a figure showing a state.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion C in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart of roadbed displacement management.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing criteria for determining the position of the shield machine.
FIG. 12 Roadbed displacementQuantity detectionIt is a longitudinal section showing other examples of a pile in a means.
FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing still another embodiment of the pile.
Fig. 14 Roadbed displacement on the roof of the buildingQuantity detectionIt is a front view which shows the Example in which the lightwave type distance measuring device of the means is installed.
FIG. 15 shows the roadbed displacement shown in FIG.Quantity detectionIt is a top view which shows the installation state of the member which comprises a means.
FIG. 16 Subbase displacementQuantity detectionIt is a conceptual diagram which shows the Example which a means, an arithmetic processing part, and a display part differ.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Chiyama
2 Roadbed
3 Roadbed surface
4-9 Members that make up the track
10 Overburden
11 Starting shaft of shield machine
13 Shield machine
32 segments
33 Shield Tunnel
35 Shield excavation route
36, 36a, 36b, ... roadbed displacementQuantity detectionPile for
37, 37a, 37b, ... the same target plate
38 to 42 stations
43DetectionFixed point for
44, 44a, 44b Lightwave distance measuring device as non-contact distance measuring device
45 Laser light
48 control room
49 Computer
50 Display
51 Terminal device
54 Embedding
55 Subsidence road surface
56 Uplifted roadbed surface
57 State without displacement of roadbed surface
58 Subsidence
59 Uplift condition
60 Precedent sinking
61 Leading uplift
62 Sinking on machine
63 Uplift on machine
64 Subsequent settlement
65 Subsequent bump
θa, θa 'displacement angle
Δx, Δx 'Displacement of laser beam
Δz Subsidence settlement
Δz 'Subbase uplift
70,73 Measurement pile for measuring roadbed displacement
81 Lightwave Distance Meter
82 Camera
84 Control Room
85 Computer
86 display
87 Operation panel
88 TV monitor
89 Terminal device
90 TV monitor
100-120 Steps for managing roadbed displacement by shield excavation

Claims (3)

When constructing a shield tunnel, a shield excavation control value is set in advance from the properties of the ground, and the shield is excavated based on the excavation control value, and the plane position of the shield machine is measured. At any time after the excavation, the displacement amount of the ground surface or the roadbed is detected, and the appropriate control value of the shield machine at the corresponding plane position is calculated from the displacement amount, and the excavation is performed based on the appropriate control value. An excavation management method at the time of excavating a shield, comprising maintaining or correcting a control value and appropriately controlling operation of the shield machine. The method of detecting the displacement amount of the ground surface or the roadbed is, along the shield excavation route, providing a plurality of fixed positions at a position higher than the ground, installing a non-contact type distance measuring device at each of the fixed positions, the upper part of the excavation route A plurality of measuring points are provided near the ground surface or the roadbed, and at any time before, during, or after excavation of the shield, the distance from the fixed position to the measuring point is measured by the distance measuring device. 2. The excavation management method during shield excavation according to claim 1, wherein a vertical distance between the fixed position and the measurement point is calculated from the distance measured by the method, and a displacement amount of a ground surface or a roadbed in the shield excavation is detected from the vertical distance. . An excavation management device used when constructing a shield tunnel, a shield machine position measuring means for measuring a plane position of the shield machine, and a subgrade displacement amount for detecting a subgrade displacement amount on the shield excavation route by a non-contact type distance measurement. Detecting means, comprising a computer, the computer has a function of operating the shield machine based on the excavation management value set in advance from the properties of the ground, and the measured plane position and the amount of roadbed displacement of the shield machine Calculating a proper control value at the plane position of the shield machine, maintaining or correcting the excavation control value based on the proper control value, and appropriately controlling the operation of the shield machine. Excavation management device when excavating shields.

Images