JP3571678B2 - Anti-nuclear cracking agent - Google Patents
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- JP3571678B2 JP3571678B2 JP2001269086A JP2001269086A JP3571678B2 JP 3571678 B2 JP3571678 B2 JP 3571678B2 JP 2001269086 A JP2001269086 A JP 2001269086A JP 2001269086 A JP2001269086 A JP 2001269086A JP 3571678 B2 JP3571678 B2 JP 3571678B2
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- calcium
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、果実の核割れ予防剤に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
モモの栽培における問題点の一つに核割れがある。核割れは核（種子の殻）が生育途中で割れてしまう現象であるが、核割れが発生すると果実が変形したり肉質が低下（ときには核付近から腐敗）するので、問題となっていた。
【０００３】
核割れの発生原因は、果実の肥大が異常に盛んになる急肥大にあると言われている。例えば着果数が少なくて果実に養分が集中したときや、土壌乾燥が続いた後の降雨等で果実が急肥大して核割れが発生する。
なお、核割れは早生種が中生種や晩生種よりも高いので、特に早生種の栽培において問題になることが多いが、中生種や晩生種でも無視できなかった。
【０００４】
従来、核割れ防止策として、例えば摘果時期の選択や摘果を複数回に分けて行うなどの対策や土壌水分を急変させない水分管理などが行われていた。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の核割れ対策には多大な労力が必要であり、また露地栽培では水分管理も困難であった。このような背景から、より簡便で核割れを良好に防止できる技術が求められていた。本願の発明は、こうした要望に応えるものである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための請求項１記載の核割れ予防剤は、蟻酸カルシウムを含むことを特徴とする。
請求項２記載の核割れ予防剤は、蟻酸カルシウムの水溶液であることを特徴とする。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
請求項１、２記載の核割れ予防剤はモモに使用するのに適しているが、他の種類の果樹に適用することもできる。
請求項１記載の核割れ予防剤は粉末或いは水溶液として葉面散布したり、土壌に散布あるいは注入して使用される。
【００１２】
一般に、有機酸カルシウムの多くがｐＨ６〜７程度の弱酸性であり、植物（樹液）のｐＨ値に近いので、植物体に害を及ぼすおそれがない。
そうした有機酸の中でもカルボン酸類は太陽光中の紫外線によって水と二酸化炭素とに分解されるので、例えばカルボン酸カルシウムを葉面に散布した際に植物（例えばモモ）の葉面や樹枝等に害となるような物質が残留するおそれはない。一方、無機酸カルシウムには、例えば塩化カルシウムのように塩素が残留して葉面を焼く等の薬害を生じるものもある。
【００１３】
したがって、無機酸カルシウムよりも有機酸カルシウムが好ましく、特にカルボン酸カルシウムが好ましいのであるが、カルボン酸カルシウムの中でも蟻酸カルシウムは、水溶液（１０％溶液）のｐＨ値がほぼ７で、事実上中性と言える。よって、植物（例えばモモ）の葉面や樹枝等に酸性または塩基性が原因となる薬害を及ぼすおそれはない。
【００１４】
しかも、蟻酸カルシウムは無臭であるので、散布時に吸引してむせたりするおそれはなく、作業性がよい。また、蟻酸カルシウムは果樹等のカルシウム欠乏対策として実用されているので、農家になじみがあり、安心感もある。その上、カルシウム欠乏対策としての散布において、各種の農薬（消毒薬など）と混用されているが、それによる薬害等の報告例もなく、一般的な農薬との混用が可能である。
【００１５】
したがって、蟻酸カルシウムは核割れ予防剤として最も好ましい。
請求項１記載の核割れ予防剤を水溶液にすれば、請求項２記載の核割れ予防剤になる。請求項２記載の核割れ予防剤も葉面に散布したり、土壌に散布あるいは注入して使用される。
【００１７】
カルシウムが核割れ予防に有効な理由は未解明であるが、発明者は、次のように推測している。
まず、カルシウムは細胞壁の重要な成分であって、植物体内にカルシウムが十分に存在すると細胞壁が強固になることが知られており、核においても細胞壁が強化されることによって核が強化されるので核割れが防止されると考えられる。
【００１８】
また、カルシウムは、植物細胞の同化力を高める働きや、植物体内での養分転流、水分代謝などに重要な役割を果たしていることが知られている。カルシウムにこうした働きがあるので、植物体内に十分なカルシウムが存在することが核割れ予防に有効であるとも考えられる。
【００１９】
カルシウムによる核の強化が細胞壁の強化に起因するので、核割れ予防剤の散布は、核が木化して硬くなる（硬核）前の細胞分裂期（第１肥大期、落花直後からほぼ５０日までの期間）に行うのが望ましい。
また、植物体内に十分なカルシウムが存在すれば核割れ予防となるので、例えば収穫後や開花前にも核割れ予防剤を散布して植物体内のカルシウム量を高めるのも有効である。
【００２０】
なお、粉末や水溶液が葉面などに付着する量には限度があるので、１回に大量に散布するよりも複数回に分けての散布が好ましい。複数回の散布に当たっては、前回に散布された分が吸収された後に次回の散布を行うと効率がよくなるので、散布間隔を１週間程度とするのが好ましい。
【００２１】
希釈倍率については、植物体の生長度合や種類、品種、栽培条件（露地、ハウス）等に応じて適宜決定すればよい。
蟻酸カルシウムを例えばモモに散布する場合には、雨や夜露の影響を受ける露地栽培では２００〜８００倍、好ましく３００倍〜４００倍であり、雨などの影響を受けないハウスなら４００〜１０００倍、好ましくは６００〜７００倍である。
【００２２】
水溶液として散布する場合、散布に際して蟻酸カルシウムを秤量して水に溶かして調製したり、予め高濃度水溶液を調製しておいて、使用時にこれを希釈してもよい。
【００２３】
なお、炭酸カルシウム等の非水溶性のカルシウム塩は、これを例えば葉面に散布してもほとんど吸収されないから、植物体内のカルシウム量を高める効果はない。このことは、本発明の核割れ予防剤が蟻酸カルシウム（請求項１）と蟻酸カルシウムの水溶液（請求項２）に限定される理由の一つでもある。
【００２４】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の核割れ予防剤をモモに施用した実施例を説明する。
１．圃場（露地栽培）
（１）場所 愛知県
（２）土壌条件 精耕栽培、第三紀層
（３）規模 １区１０ａ、１連制
２．栽培概要
（１）品種、作期 武井白鳳、９年生
（２）栽植密度 ２５本／１０ａ
（３）開花期（満開） ４月８日
（４）収穫期 ６月２４日〜７月１日
（５）施肥量（ｋｇ／１０ａ） Ｎ：１５、Ｐ２Ｏ５：２０、Ｋ２Ｏ：１８
（６）その他、病害虫駆除等は慣用例による。
３．予防剤の施用
核割れ予防剤としての蟻酸カルシウムを下記の希釈率で、下記の散布日で合計５回、葉面散布した。
【００２５】
【表１】
（１）核割れ調査 同日収穫の果実１００個を外観により調査。
（２）品質調査 ３樹、各１０個の果実の果実重、糖度（果頂部、果梗部）、 硬度、酸度及び収穫後の日持ち性を調査。
（３）その他 薬害の有無を調査。
５．調査結果
（１）収穫期
蟻酸カルシウムの散布の有無による収穫期変化は見られなかった。
（２）核割れ調査
【００２６】
【表２】
（３）品質調査
【００２７】
【表３】
（４）日持ち調査
各区から同日に収穫した正常果５果を冷蔵庫に保管して腐敗果実の発生状況を調査した。表中の数値は腐敗果の累積数である。
【００２８】
【表４】
（５）薬害の発生など
蟻酸カルシウムの散布による土壌中の石灰の増加や薬害の発生は見られなかった。
（６）考察
以上の結果から、蟻酸カルシウムはモモの生育には影響を及ぼさずに、果実の核割れを防止し、また日持ち性を良くする効果があることが分かる。
【００２９】
以上の実施例からも明らかなとおり、本発明の核割れ予防剤を散布すれば、モモの核割れを高度に予防できる。その散布は、例えば水溶液として葉面散布すればよいので、労力は少なくて済む。
しかも、本実施例の核割れ予防剤を散布すると、モモの日持ち性が格段に向上する。これは、流通過程などでの腐敗果の発生が少なくなることであり、果実が傷みやすいモモにとってはきわめて有用な、得難いメリットでもある。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agent for preventing kernel cracking of fruit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the problems in peach cultivation is nuclear cracking. Nuclear cracking is a phenomenon in which nuclei (seed shells) are broken during growth. However, when nuclear cracking occurs, fruits are deformed or meat quality deteriorates (sometimes rots near the nucleus), which has been a problem.
[0003]
It is said that the cause of the nuclear cracking is a sudden hypertrophy in which the hypertrophy of the fruit becomes abnormally large. For example, when nutrients are concentrated on the fruit due to a small number of fruits, or when the soil continues to dry, rainfall or the like causes the fruit to suddenly enlarge and cause nuclear cracking.
In addition, since nuclear cracking is higher in early-growing species than in middle-growing and late-growing species, it often becomes a problem especially in cultivation of early-growing species, but it cannot be ignored even in middle-growing and late-growing species.
[0004]
Conventionally, as measures to prevent nuclear cracking, measures such as, for example, selecting the fruit cutting time and performing fruit cutting in a plurality of times, and moisture management that does not suddenly change the soil moisture have been performed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventional countermeasures against nuclear cracking require a great deal of labor, and it has been difficult to control moisture in open-field cultivation. Against this background, there has been a demand for a technique that is simpler and that can effectively prevent nuclear cracking. The invention of the present application meets such a demand.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The agent for preventing nuclear cracking according to claim 1 for solving the above-mentioned problem contains calcium formate .
The agent for preventing nuclear cracking according to claim 2 is an aqueous solution of calcium formate .
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The anti-nucleating agent according to claims 1 and 2 is suitable for use in peaches, but can also be applied to other types of fruit trees.
The agent for preventing nuclear cracking according to claim 1 is used as a powder or an aqueous solution by spraying on foliage, or by spraying or pouring into soil.
[0012]
In general, most of organic calcium acids are weakly acidic, having a pH of about 6 to 7, and are close to the pH value of a plant (sap) .
Among such organic acids, carboxylic acids are decomposed into water and carbon dioxide by ultraviolet rays in sunlight, so that, for example, when calcium carboxylate is sprayed on the leaves, harmful to the leaves and branches of plants (for example, peaches). There is no danger that such substances will remain. On the other hand, some inorganic acid calcium, such as calcium chloride, causes chlorine to remain and cause phytotoxicity such as burning the leaves.
[0013]
Therefore, organic acid calcium is favored over calcium inorganic acids, but in particular the calcium carboxylate is preferred, among which calcium formate calcium carboxylic acid, at a pH value of approximately 7 aqueous solution (10% solution), virtually neutral It can be said. Therefore, there is no risk of causing acid or basic phytotoxicity to the leaves or the branches of plants (for example, peaches).
[0014]
Moreover, since calcium formate is odorless, there is no danger that it will be sucked during spraying and the workability is good. In addition, since calcium formate is used as a measure against calcium deficiency in fruit trees and the like, it is familiar to farmers and provides a sense of security. In addition, it is mixed with various pesticides (such as disinfectants) in spraying as a countermeasure against calcium deficiency, but there is no report of harm or the like due to it, and it can be mixed with general pesticides.
[0015]
Therefore, calcium formate is most preferred as a nuclear cracking preventing agent .
When the agent for preventing cracking of claim 1 is made into an aqueous solution, the agent for preventing cracking of claim 2 is obtained. The agent for preventing nuclear cracking according to claim 2 is also used by spraying it on leaves or spraying or pouring it on soil.
[0017]
The reason why calcium is effective in preventing nuclear cracking is unknown, but the present inventors speculate as follows.
First, calcium is an important component of the cell wall, and it is known that if there is sufficient calcium in the plant, the cell wall will be strengthened.In the nucleus, the nucleus is strengthened by strengthening the cell wall. It is thought that nuclear cracking is prevented.
[0018]
It is known that calcium plays an important role in enhancing the assimilation of plant cells, nutrient translocation and water metabolism in plants. Since calcium has such a function, it is considered that the presence of sufficient calcium in the plant is effective in preventing nuclear cracking.
[0019]
Since the strengthening of the nucleus by calcium is caused by the strengthening of the cell wall, the application of the agent for preventing nuclear fission is performed at the cell division stage (first hypertrophy stage, almost 50 days immediately after the flowering) before the nucleus becomes lignified and hardened (hard nucleus). It is desirable to carry out during this period.
In addition, if sufficient calcium is present in the plant, nuclear cracking can be prevented. For example, it is effective to spray a nuclear cracking preventive even after harvesting or before flowering to increase the calcium content in the plant.
[0020]
Since the amount of the powder or the aqueous solution adhering to the leaf surface or the like is limited, it is preferable to spray a plurality of sprays rather than spray a large amount at a time. In spraying a plurality of times, the efficiency of the next spraying after the previous spraying is absorbed is improved, so that the spraying interval is preferably set to about one week.
[0021]
For the dilution, growth degree and type of plant, cultivar, growing conditions (open field, house) it may be properly determined according to such.
For example, when spraying calcium formate on peaches, it is 200 to 800 times, preferably 300 to 400 times in open-field cultivation affected by rain or night dew, and 400 to 1000 times for a house not affected by rain or the like. Preferably it is 600 to 700 times.
[0022]
In the case of spraying as an aqueous solution, calcium formate may be weighed and dissolved in water at the time of spraying, or a high-concentration aqueous solution may be prepared in advance and diluted when used.
[0023]
Water-insoluble calcium salts such as calcium carbonate are hardly absorbed even when they are sprayed on the leaves, for example, and thus have no effect of increasing the amount of calcium in the plant. This is one of the reasons why the agent for preventing nuclear cracking of the present invention is limited to calcium formate (claim 1) and an aqueous solution of calcium formate (claim 2) .
[0024]
【Example】
Next, examples in which the agent for preventing nuclear cracking of the present invention was applied to peaches will be described.
1. Field (open field cultivation)
(1) Location Aichi Prefecture (2) Soil conditions Tillage cultivation, Tertiary stratum (3) Scale Outline of cultivation (1) Varieties, cropping season Takei Hakuho, 9th grader (2) Planting density 25 plants / 10a
(3) flowering time (full bloom) April 8 (4) harvest June 24 - July 1 (5) fertilization (kg / 10a) N: 15 , P 2 O 5: 20, K 2 O : 18
(6) In addition, pest control and the like are based on common practice.
3. Application of a preventive agent Calcium formate as a nucleus cracking preventive agent was sprayed on the foliage at the following dilution rate for a total of 5 times on the following spray days.
[0025]
[Table 1]
(2) Quality survey The fruit weight, sugar content (top and top), hardness, acidity, and post-harvest durability of three trees and ten fruits each were investigated.
(3) Others Investigate the presence or absence of harm.
5. Investigation results (1) Harvesting period No change in harvesting period due to the presence or absence of calcium formate spraying was observed.
(2) Investigation of nuclear cracking
[Table 2]
(3) Quality survey
[Table 3]
(4) Investigation of shelf life Five normal fruits harvested from each section on the same day were stored in a refrigerator to examine the occurrence of spoilage fruits. The numbers in the table are the cumulative number of putrefactions.
[0028]
[Table 4]
(5) No increase in lime in the soil or occurrence of phytotoxicity due to the application of calcium formate such as phytotoxicity was observed.
(6) Discussion From the above results, it can be seen that calcium formate has the effect of preventing the nucleus cracking of the fruit and improving the shelf life without affecting the growth of the peach.
[0029]
As is evident from the above examples , spraying the agent for preventing cracking of the present invention can highly prevent the cracking of peaches. The spraying may be performed, for example, by foliar spraying as an aqueous solution, so that less labor is required.
In addition, when the anti-nuclear cracking agent of this example is sprayed, the peach has a significantly improved durability. This is to reduce the occurrence of putrefaction in the distribution process and the like, which is an extremely useful and inexpensive merit for peaches whose fruits are easily damaged.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001269086A JP3571678B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Anti-nuclear cracking agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001269086A JP3571678B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Anti-nuclear cracking agent |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003081723A JP2003081723A (en) | 2003-03-19 |
| JP3571678B2 true JP3571678B2 (en) | 2004-09-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001269086A Expired - Fee Related JP3571678B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2001-09-05 | Anti-nuclear cracking agent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3571678B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004307359A (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-11-04 | Koei Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Plant growth regulator |
| JP5453380B2 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 晃栄化学工業株式会社 | fertilizer |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2003081723A (en) | 2003-03-19 |
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