JP3563276B2 - Manufacturing method of filled tofu - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of filled tofu Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3563276B2
JP3563276B2 JP32959298A JP32959298A JP3563276B2 JP 3563276 B2 JP3563276 B2 JP 3563276B2 JP 32959298 A JP32959298 A JP 32959298A JP 32959298 A JP32959298 A JP 32959298A JP 3563276 B2 JP3563276 B2 JP 3563276B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
tofu
coagulant
filled
enzyme
calcium
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JP32959298A
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JPH11221039A (en
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勝 松浦
正興 佐々木
淳 佐々木
朋子 武内
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Kikkoman Corp
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Kikkoman Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は新規な充填豆腐の製造法、特に滅菌豆乳を用いて保存期間の延長が可能な充填豆腐の製造法に係るものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
豆腐は種類別には木綿豆腐と絹ごし豆腐に大別されるが、製造法別には、(1)豆乳を型枠の中で凝固させた後水晒しするカット豆腐と、(2)凝固剤を添加、混合した豆乳を小型容器に充填、密封し、容器中で凝固させる充填豆腐に分けられる。
【0003】
このような豆腐の保存期間は、家庭用の冷蔵庫中で保存してもせいぜい2〜3日であり、保存可能期間の延長を図ることを目的に、高温で滅菌処理した豆乳を用いた無菌充填豆腐あるいは未殺菌豆乳を用いたレトルト豆腐の製造法が提案されている。
【0004】
また豆腐の風味は原料大豆、水とともに凝固剤にも影響され、一般的に凝固剤としてグルコノデルタラクトンを使用した豆腐に比し、天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウム等(以下ニガリ類という)を使用した豆腐の方が優れている。しかしながらこれらのニガリ類は多少の違いはあるにせよ凝固に対し速効性があるため、凝固剤添加時に部分凝固が起こり、充填豆腐では使用しにくいという欠点がある。
【0005】
すなわち充填豆腐は、豆乳に予め凝固剤を添加、混合し、これを容器に充填して加熱凝固させるため、豆乳にニガリ類を添加、混合後、素早く容器に充填し加熱凝固しなければ凝固むらを起こしたりするので、種々の工夫が必要となるのである。
さらにはニガリ類は苦みや渋味を呈するため、凝固剤を添加した豆乳をそっくりそのまま容器内で凝固させる充填豆腐の場合、使用量によってはニガリ類の有する苦みや渋味が、逆に豆腐の風味上問題となる場合がある。
【0006】
特に高温で滅菌処理した豆乳を用いて、長期保存可能な充填豆腐を製造する場合、滅菌処理により豆乳のゲル化力が1/3〜1/5に低下するので、通常の豆乳を使用する場合に比較して多量のニガリを必要とし、上記したような充填豆腐におけるニガリ類使用の欠点はますます増大することになる。
【0007】
このようなことから、滅菌豆乳にニガリ類を主凝固剤として添加して充填豆腐を製造することは、実際上不可能であり、このような長期保存性を有する充填豆腐の製造には、主凝固剤として遅効性のグルコノデルタラクトンを使用しているのが実情である。
【0008】
また、特開平7−241168号公報には、消費エネルギーの削減を目的として、滅菌豆乳に、蛋白質1g当たり10〜40ユニットと多量のトランスグルタミナーゼを添加して該豆乳を常温で凝固させる豆腐の製造法が記載されている。しかし、該公報の記載の製造法により得られる豆腐は、ニガリを主凝固剤として製造される豆腐とは著しく食感の異なる豆腐となる。このことは、後記実験例の表1に示した結果からも明らかである。このように食感の異なる原因は、トランスグルタミナーゼによる蛋白質間の結合反応が、ニガリによる蛋白質間の反応とは全く異なるためである。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は滅菌豆乳とニガリ類を用いることにより、保存性が高くしかも風味の良い豆腐を製造する方法を提供するところにある。
そして本発明者等は、課題解決のため種々検討した結果、滅菌豆乳に一定濃度範囲のニガリ類とトランスグルタミナーゼ(以下TGという)を併用添加することにより、目的とする食感の豆腐が得られるという知見を得て本発明を完成した。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち本発明は、加熱滅菌後冷却した豆乳に、0.01〜0.3%(W/V)の天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上の凝固剤および豆乳蛋白質1g当たり0.1〜5ユニットのTGを同時又は順次に添加混合した後、容器に充填、密封し、これを70℃以下の加熱によって凝固剤と酵素による凝固反応を行わせた後に、75℃以上に加熱して酵素を失活させると同時に塩類による凝固を完了させることを特徴とする充填豆腐の製造法であり、また本発明は加熱滅菌後冷却した豆乳に、天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム及び第一リン酸カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上の無菌処理した凝固剤を0.01〜0.3%(W/V)及び無菌処理したTGを豆乳蛋白質1g当たり0.1〜5ユニット、同時又は順次に無菌雰囲気下で添加混合後、無菌雰囲気下で容器に充填密封し、これを35〜70℃で5〜120分間加熱して塩類による凝固と酵素反応を行わせ、次いで75〜110℃で5分〜120分間加熱して酵素を失活させると同時に凝固剤による凝固を完了させることを特徴とする充填豆腐の製造法である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を工程別に詳細に説明する。
<滅菌豆乳の調製>
豆乳の調製は通常の豆腐製造におけるそれと何ら変わるところはない。すなわち浸漬した丸大豆や脱皮大豆あるいは浸漬しない大豆を水とともに磨砕機に投入して磨砕し、得られた呉を90〜120℃で0.1〜10分程度加熱後、濾過して豆乳とする。
【0012】
呉の加熱処理によって大半の微生物は死滅するが、大豆に付着する土壌に起因する耐熱性細菌あるいは耐熱性芽胞の混入が予想されるため、130〜160℃で1〜10秒間の超高温瞬間加熱(UHT)処理をして滅菌豆乳を調製する。
なお豆乳の蛋白質濃度は5〜10%、好ましくは6〜8%である。
【0013】
<ニガリ類の調整>
天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウムを5〜70%の濃度で水に溶解する。
なお天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウムは無菌フィルター(例えば日本ミリポア(株)メンブランフィルター)で無菌濾過して用いれば、豆腐の保存性は更に向上する。
なお天然ニガリの場合は不溶物除去のための予備濾過をしたのち、無菌濾過することが好ましい。
【0014】
<TGの調整>
市販のTGを1〜50%となるように水に溶解する。なお溶解後、無菌濾過して用いれば、豆腐の保存性は更に向上する。
【0015】
<ニガリ類等の添加混合>
上記滅菌豆乳にニガリ類とTGを添加混合するのであるが、その濃度は、天然ニガリと塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウムでは0.01〜0.3%(W/V)、塩化カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウムでは0.01〜0.1%(W/V)で用いることが好ましい。
これらの凝固剤を2種、例えば塩化マグネシウムと塩化カルシウムを組み合わせて用いる場合にも、マグネシウム塩は0.3%(W/V)以下、カルシウム塩は0.1%(W/V)以下とする。
【0016】
ニガリ類の添加量がこれ以上であると、例え冷却された豆乳に添加する場合でも、添加直後に蛋白質の凝集が起こり、組織が脆くなり、また味の面でも豆腐に渋みや苦みを与えるので好ましくない。また少なすぎると凝固が困難となる。
TGの濃度は、例えば比活性2ユニット/mgのTGを用いる場合、豆乳中の蛋白質1g当たり0.05〜2.5mg、好ましくは0.1〜1.0mgとする。
TGの添加量が多いと弾力の強い豆腐となり多すぎるとゆで卵の卵白風のコリコリとした食感となるため、好ましくない。
【0017】
すなわち上記した範囲量のニガリ類と極めて限られた濃度範囲のTGの併用添加によって、はじめて風味、食感の優れた豆腐が得られるのである。
また、添加混合の順序も重要でありニガリ類とTGは少なくとも同時に、好ましくはニガリ類を添加混合した後にTGを添加混合する。
TGを添加混合した後にニガリ類を加えると、豆乳中の蛋白質がTGにより部分的な酵素作用を受けた後にニガリ類が加えられるため、条件によっては急激な凝固反応が起こり、出来た豆腐がざらっぽくなり易い。
なおニガリ類等の添加時の滅菌豆乳の温度は2〜15℃、好ましくは5〜10℃である。
【0018】
<容器への充填>
ニガリ類とTGを添加混合した滅菌豆乳は、容器に充填、密封される。
容器は充填豆腐に通常用いられているものと変わりはなく、例えばポリプロピレン製の容器にナイロン・無延伸ポリプロピレンラミネートフィルムの蓋材を組み合わせたもの等である。
次いでこの充填豆腐を35〜70℃で5〜120分間加温し、酵素反応と同時にニガリ類による凝固反応をを行わせる。この間の反応により豆乳はゲル状となる。
その後75〜110℃で5〜120分間加熱し、酵素失活と同時に凝固反応を完了させ、冷却して製品とする。
なお無菌充填豆腐を製造する場合には、無菌処理したニガリ類及びTGの添加混合、無菌処理した容器への充填、密封を無菌雰囲気下で行なえばよい。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、伝統的に用いられてきたニガリ類添加豆腐本来の風味と食感を有し、しかも長期保存可能な充填豆腐が得られるのである。
以下に実験例を示し、本発明の効果を確認する。
【0020】
【実験例】
・滅菌豆乳の調製
全粒大豆100Kgを水洗いし、一晩水浸漬した後に400リットルの水を加えながら
横型磨砕機で磨砕した。磨砕後直ちに摩砕機排出パイプに設けた加熱機により呉を105℃に加熱し、30秒保持したのち80℃に冷却、スクリューデカンターで固液分離を行い豆乳を得、次いで真空缶(真空度65mmHg)に導入して脱気した豆乳を10℃迄冷却した。
【0021】
この冷却豆乳を間接加熱により90℃とし、これに直接清浄な蒸気を吹き込んで140℃に加熱し、2秒間保持した後、真空缶に導入して90℃近辺迄下げることにより吹き込んだ蒸気分の水分を取り除き元の豆乳濃度に調節し、次いで10℃迄冷却して滅菌豆乳を得た。この滅菌豆乳の蛋白質濃度は6.5%であった。
・ニガリ類、TG溶液
(a)塩化マグネシウム(MgCl・6HO)、(b)塩化カルシウム(CaCl・2HO)をそれぞれ45%水溶液として、またTGは味の素(株)製のKS−TK2(20U/g)の50%水溶液として用いた。
【0022】
上記滅菌豆乳(10℃)300mlに上記ニガリ類及び上記TGを表1に示す割合になるように順次添加、混合し、300ml容のプラスチック容器に充填、密封した。密封後直ちに60℃の温水中で60分間加温し、酵素反応を行わせ、次いで80℃の熱水中で30分間加熱し、酵素失活させると同時に凝固を完結させた後冷水で冷却し、これを一晩5℃の冷蔵庫に保存した。保存後の各豆腐の硬さ及びテクスチュロパターンをテンシプレッサー(タケトモ電気製)で測定した。なお、試料No.9及び10は特開平7−241168号公報記載の実施例に準じて製造した豆腐であり、滅菌豆乳にニガリ類及びTGを添加、混合し、容器に充填、密封した後、加熱することなく、20℃で60時間(試料No.9)及び120時間(試料No.10)保持して凝固させたものである。これらの結果を表1に示す。なお硬さ及びテクスチュロパターンの測定は下記注1によった。
【0023】
【表1】

Figure 0003563276
<注1>
それぞれの豆腐から17mm角にカットした測定用サンプルを調整し、これをテンシプレッサー(タケトモ電気製)を用いて円形プランジャー(径40mm)で押しつぶし、この時の破断点までの応力を豆腐の硬さ(erg/cm)とした。数値は5個のサンプルの平均値で表した。また、テクスチュロパターンは、円形プランジャーを12mm押し込んだときの応力を示したものである。
【0024】
表1から明らかなように、本発明方法による充填豆腐(サンプル8)は硬さ、風味に優れており、また家庭用冷蔵庫に30日間保存した後でも、異臭は感じられなかったが、市販の充填豆腐は保存後5日目で異臭が感じられた。
【0025】
なお市販の充填豆腐、カット豆腐を各20種類、同様の方法で硬さを測定したところ、充填豆腐で4.3×10(erg/cm)、カット豆腐で2.8×10(erg/cm)であり、豆腐としての食感を維持する硬さとしては、2.5〜5.0×10(erg/cm)であると思われる。
以下に実施例を示す。
【0026】
【実施例】
実施例1
全粒大豆300Kgを水洗いし、一晩水浸漬した後に1100リットルの5℃の水を加えながら横型磨砕機で低温磨砕した。磨砕後直ちに摩砕機排出パイプに設けた加熱機により呉を108℃に加熱し、30秒保持したのち90℃に冷却、スクリューデカンターで固液分離を行い豆乳を得、次いで真空缶(真空度65mmHg)に導入して脱気した豆乳を10℃迄冷却した。
【0027】
この冷却豆乳を間接加熱により90℃とし、これに直接清浄な蒸気を吹き込んで145℃に加熱し、2秒間保持した後、真空缶に導入して90℃近辺迄下げることにより吹き込んだ蒸気分の水分を取り除き元の豆乳濃度に調節し、次いで10℃迄冷却して滅菌豆乳を得た。この滅菌豆乳の蛋白質濃度は6.6%であった。
【0028】
この滅菌豆乳に天然ニガリ(マグネシウム61,000ppm,カルシウム300ppm)の50%水溶液を珪藻土包含濾紙で予備濾過後、孔径0.22μmのフィルター(日本ミリポア(株))で無菌濾過して得た溶液を、豆乳1L当たり6ml、添加、混合し、次いで20%TG水溶液(味の素(株)、KS−TK2)を上記と同様に無菌濾過した溶液を豆乳1L当たり10ml添加、混合し、これを300ml容プラスチック容器に充填密封し、密封後直ちに50℃の温水中で60分間加温し、酵素反応を行わせ、次いで95℃の熱水中で30分間加熱し、酵素失活させると同時に凝固を完結させた後冷水で冷却して製品とした。
この製品は、硬さが3.22×10(erg/cm)であり、渋み、苦みもなく風味良好であった。そして家庭用冷蔵庫で60日間保存後であっても、風味の変化は認められなかった。
【0029】
実施例2
天然ニガリ、TG溶液の添加混合、容器への充填を無菌雰囲気下で行うこと、無菌処理した容器を用いること以外は、全て実施例1記載と同じ方法で豆腐を製造し、無菌充填豆腐を得た。この無菌充填豆腐は常温30日間保存でも風味の変化は認められなかった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実験例1の試料No.4のテクスチュロパターン
【図2】実験例1の試料No.5のテクスチュロパターン
【図3】実験例1の試料No.6のテクスチュロパターン
【図4】実験例1の試料No.7のテクスチュロパターン
【図5】実験例1の試料No.8のテクスチュロパターン
【図6】実験例1の試料No.9のテクスチュロパターン
【図7】実験例1の試料No.10のテクスチュロパターン[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel method for producing a filled tofu, and more particularly to a method for producing a filled tofu capable of extending the storage period using sterilized soymilk.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tofu is roughly classified into cotton tofu and silken tofu by type. According to the manufacturing method, (1) cut tofu, which is obtained by coagulating soy milk in a mold and then exposing to water, and (2) adding a coagulant Then, the mixed soymilk is filled into a small container, sealed, and divided into filled tofu which is coagulated in the container.
[0003]
The storage period of such tofu is 2 to 3 days at most even when stored in a home refrigerator. For the purpose of extending the storage life, aseptic filling using soymilk sterilized at high temperature A method for producing retort tofu using tofu or unpasteurized soymilk has been proposed.
[0004]
In addition, the flavor of tofu is affected by the coagulant as well as the raw material soybean and water.In general, compared to tofu using glucono delta lactone as a coagulant, natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium monophosphate Tofu using calcium sulfate, calcium lactate, etc. (hereinafter referred to as bitterns) is superior. However, these bitterns have a short-lived effect on coagulation, albeit with a slight difference, and therefore have the disadvantage that partial coagulation occurs when a coagulant is added, making it difficult to use in filled tofu.
[0005]
That is, filled tofu is prepared by adding a coagulant to soymilk in advance, mixing the mixture, filling the mixture into a container, and coagulating by heating. And various measures are required.
In addition, bitterns have bitterness and astringency, so in the case of filled tofu in which the soymilk to which a coagulant has been added is coagulated in a container as it is, depending on the amount used, the bitterness and astringency of bitterns, on the contrary, May be problematic in flavor.
[0006]
In particular, when using a soymilk that has been sterilized at a high temperature to produce a filled tofu that can be stored for a long time, the gelling power of the soymilk is reduced to 1/3 to 1/5 by the sterilization treatment. In addition, a large amount of bittern is required, and the disadvantages of using bitterns in filled tofu as described above are further increased.
[0007]
Therefore, it is practically impossible to add bitterns to sterilized soy milk as a main coagulant to produce filled tofu. The fact is that a slow-acting glucono-delta-lactone is used as a coagulant.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-241168 discloses a method for producing tofu in which sterilized soy milk is added with 10 to 40 units per gram of protein and a large amount of transglutaminase to coagulate the soy milk at room temperature. The law is described. However, the tofu obtained by the production method described in the publication is tofu having a significantly different texture from the tofu produced using bittern as a main coagulant. This is clear from the results shown in Table 1 of the experimental examples described later. The reason for the different textures is that the binding reaction between proteins by transglutaminase is completely different from the reaction between proteins by bittern.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tofu having high preservability and good flavor by using sterilized soymilk and bitterns.
As a result of various studies for solving the problems, the present inventors have found that by adding together a certain concentration range of bitterns and transglutaminase (hereinafter referred to as TG) to sterilized soymilk, tofu having a desired texture can be obtained. With this knowledge, the present invention has been completed.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention relates to a method in which 0.01 to 0.3% (W / V) of natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium monophosphate, calcium sulfate, and calcium lactate are added to soymilk that has been heated and sterilized and cooled. One or more coagulants and 0.1 to 5 units of TG per 1 g of soymilk protein are added simultaneously or sequentially and mixed, and then filled and sealed in a container. After the coagulation reaction is carried out, a method for producing a filled tofu characterized by heating to 75 ° C. or higher to inactivate the enzyme and simultaneously complete coagulation with salts, and the present invention also provides heat sterilization and cooling. One or more aseptic treated coagulants selected from natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride and calcium phosphate 0.01 to 0.3% (W / V) and aseptically treated TG are added or mixed in a sterile atmosphere at a rate of 0.1 to 5 units per gram of soy milk protein simultaneously or sequentially, and then filled in a container under a sterile atmosphere and sealed. Then, the mixture is heated at 35 to 70 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to cause coagulation with a salt and an enzyme reaction, and then heated at 75 to 110 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and at the same time use a coagulant. A method for producing a filled tofu characterized by completing coagulation.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail for each process.
<Preparation of sterilized soy milk>
The preparation of soymilk is no different from that of normal tofu production. That is, soaked round soybeans, dehulled soybeans or non-soaked soybeans are put into a grinder together with water and ground, and the obtained go is heated at 90 to 120 ° C. for about 0.1 to 10 minutes, and then filtered to obtain soy milk. I do.
[0012]
Most of the microorganisms are killed by the heat treatment of Kure, but heat-resistant bacteria or heat-resistant spores caused by soil adhering to soybeans are expected to be mixed. (UHT) treatment to prepare sterilized soymilk.
The protein concentration of soymilk is 5 to 10%, preferably 6 to 8%.
[0013]
<Adjustment of bitterns>
Natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, monobasic calcium phosphate and calcium lactate are dissolved in water at a concentration of 5 to 70%.
When natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium phosphate monobasic are sterile-filtered using a sterile filter (for example, Membrane Filter manufactured by Nippon Millipore Co., Ltd.), the preservability of tofu is further improved.
In addition, in the case of natural bittern, it is preferable to perform preliminary filtration for removing insolubles and then perform aseptic filtration.
[0014]
<Adjustment of TG>
Dissolve the commercially available TG in water to 1-50%. If used after sterilization and aseptic filtration, the preservability of tofu is further improved.
[0015]
<Addition and mixing of bitterns>
Bitterns and TG are added to the above sterilized soymilk and mixed. The concentration is 0.01 to 0.3% (W / V) for natural bittern and magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, It is preferable to use 0.01 to 0.1% (W / V) of calcium monophosphate and calcium lactate.
When two of these coagulants are used, for example, a combination of magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, the magnesium salt is 0.3% (W / V) or less, and the calcium salt is 0.1% (W / V) or less. I do.
[0016]
If the amount of bitterns is more than this, even if it is added to cooled soy milk, protein aggregation occurs immediately after the addition, the tissue becomes brittle, and the taste also gives the tofu astringency and bitterness. Not preferred. If the amount is too small, solidification becomes difficult.
For example, when TG having a specific activity of 2 units / mg is used, the concentration of TG is 0.05 to 2.5 mg, preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mg per gram of protein in soymilk.
If the added amount of TG is too large, the tofu will have a high elasticity, and if it is too large, the boiled egg will have an egg white-like crunchy texture, which is not preferable.
[0017]
That is, tofu having an excellent flavor and texture can be obtained only by the combined use of bitterns in the above range and TG in a very limited concentration range.
The order of addition and mixing is also important, and the bitterns and TG are mixed at least at the same time, preferably after the bitterns are added and mixed.
If bitterns are added after TG is added and mixed, bitterns are added after the protein in the soy milk is partially enzymatically acted on by the TG, so a rapid coagulation reaction occurs depending on the conditions, and the resulting tofu is rough. It tends to look like.
The temperature of the sterilized soymilk at the time of adding bitterns and the like is 2 to 15 ° C, preferably 5 to 10 ° C.
[0018]
<Fill into container>
The sterilized soymilk mixed with bitterns and TG is filled in a container and sealed.
The container is the same as that normally used for filled tofu, and is, for example, a combination of a polypropylene container and a cover made of a nylon / unstretched polypropylene laminated film.
Next, the filled tofu is heated at 35 to 70 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to cause a coagulation reaction with bitterns simultaneously with the enzymatic reaction. The reaction during this time turns the soy milk into a gel.
Thereafter, the mixture is heated at 75 to 110 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to complete the coagulation reaction at the same time as deactivating the enzyme, and then cooled to obtain a product.
In the case of producing aseptic packed tofu, addition and mixing of aseptically treated bitterns and TG, filling in aseptically treated containers, and sealing may be performed under an aseptic atmosphere.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a filled tofu that has the original flavor and texture of bitterns-added tofu that has been used traditionally and that can be stored for a long period of time can be obtained.
Experimental examples are shown below to confirm the effects of the present invention.
[0020]
[Experimental example]
Preparation of sterilized soy milk 100 kg of whole soybeans were washed with water, immersed in water overnight, and then ground with a horizontal grinder while adding 400 liters of water. Immediately after the grinding, the go is heated to 105 ° C. by a heater provided in the attrition pipe of the grinder, held for 30 seconds, cooled to 80 ° C., and solid-liquid separated by a screw decanter to obtain soy milk. The deaerated soymilk introduced at 65 mmHg) was cooled to 10 ° C.
[0021]
This cooled soy milk was heated to 90 ° C. by indirect heating, and was directly blown with clean steam to be heated to 140 ° C., held for 2 seconds, then introduced into a vacuum can and lowered to around 90 ° C. to reduce the amount of steam blown. Water was removed to adjust the original soymilk concentration, and then cooled to 10 ° C. to obtain sterilized soymilk. The protein concentration of this sterilized soy milk was 6.5%.
Bitterns, TG solution (a) Magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 .6H 2 O), (b) Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 .2H 2 O) as a 45% aqueous solution, respectively, TG is KS manufactured by Ajinomoto Co. -Used as a 50% aqueous solution of TK2 (20 U / g).
[0022]
The bitterns and the TG were sequentially added to 300 ml of the sterilized soymilk (10 ° C.) so that the ratios shown in Table 1 were obtained, mixed, filled into a 300 ml plastic container, and sealed. Immediately after sealing, the mixture was heated in hot water at 60 ° C. for 60 minutes to carry out the enzyme reaction, and then heated in hot water at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and complete coagulation at the same time, followed by cooling with cold water. This was stored in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. overnight. The hardness and texturometer pattern of each tofu after storage were measured with a tensipressor (manufactured by Taketomo Denki). The sample No. 9 and 10 are tofu produced according to the examples described in JP-A-7-241168, and after adding bitterns and TG to sterilized soy milk, mixing, filling and sealing the container, without heating, It was solidified at 20 ° C. for 60 hours (sample No. 9) and 120 hours (sample No. 10). Table 1 shows the results. The hardness and the texturometer pattern were measured according to Note 1 below.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003563276
<Note 1>
A measurement sample cut into a square of 17 mm from each tofu was prepared, crushed with a circular plunger (diameter 40 mm) using a tensipresser (manufactured by Taketomo Denki), and the stress up to the breaking point at this time was determined by the hardness of the tofu. (Erg / cm 2 ). The numerical value was represented by an average value of five samples. The texturo pattern shows the stress when the circular plunger is pushed in by 12 mm.
[0024]
As is clear from Table 1, the filled tofu (sample 8) according to the method of the present invention was excellent in hardness and flavor, and even after being stored in a home refrigerator for 30 days, no off-flavor was perceived. On the 5th day after the preservation of the packed tofu, an unpleasant odor was felt.
[0025]
The hardness was measured by the same method for 20 types of commercially available filled tofu and cut tofu. The filled tofu was 4.3 × 10 6 (erg / cm 2 ) and the cut tofu was 2.8 × 10 6 ( erg / cm 2 ), and the hardness for maintaining the texture as tofu is considered to be 2.5 to 5.0 × 10 6 (erg / cm 2 ).
Examples will be described below.
[0026]
【Example】
Example 1
300 kg of whole soybeans were washed with water and immersed in water overnight, and then ground at low temperature with a horizontal grinder while adding 1100 liters of water at 5 ° C. Immediately after the grinding, the go is heated to 108 ° C. by a heater provided in a discharge pipe of the grinder, kept for 30 seconds, cooled to 90 ° C., solid-liquid separated by a screw decanter to obtain soy milk, and then a vacuum can (vacuum degree) The deaerated soymilk introduced at 65 mmHg) was cooled to 10 ° C.
[0027]
The cooled soy milk was heated to 90 ° C. by indirect heating, heated directly to 145 ° C. by blowing clean steam into it, held for 2 seconds, introduced into a vacuum can and lowered to around 90 ° C. to reduce the amount of steam blown. Water was removed to adjust the original soymilk concentration, and then cooled to 10 ° C. to obtain sterilized soymilk. The protein concentration of this sterilized soymilk was 6.6%.
[0028]
A solution obtained by pre-filtering a 50% aqueous solution of natural bittern (magnesium 61,000 ppm, calcium 300 ppm) on the sterilized soy milk through a filter paper containing diatomaceous earth and then aseptically filtering through a filter having a pore size of 0.22 μm (Nippon Millipore Co., Ltd.). Then, 6 ml per 1 L of soy milk was added and mixed, and then a solution obtained by aseptically filtering a 20% TG aqueous solution (Ajinomoto Co., Ltd., KS-TK2) in the same manner as above was added and mixed at 10 ml per 1 L of soy milk, and the mixture was mixed with 300 ml of plastic. The container was filled and sealed, and immediately after sealing, the mixture was heated in warm water at 50 ° C. for 60 minutes to carry out the enzyme reaction, and then heated in hot water at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and complete coagulation. Then, it was cooled with cold water to obtain a product.
This product had a hardness of 3.22 × 10 6 (erg / cm 2 ) and had a good taste without bitterness and bitterness. No change in flavor was observed even after storage in a home refrigerator for 60 days.
[0029]
Example 2
Except that the addition and mixing of the natural bittern and the TG solution and the filling of the container were carried out in a sterile atmosphere, and that a sterilized container was used, tofu was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1 to obtain a sterile filled tofu. Was. This aseptic packed tofu did not show any change in flavor even after storage at room temperature for 30 days.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a sample No. of Experimental Example 1. FIG. 2 shows a sample No. 4 of Experimental Example 1. FIG. 3 shows a sample No. 5 of Experimental Example 1. FIG. 4 shows a sample No. 6 of Experimental Example 1. 7 is a texture pattern of Sample No. 7. FIG. 8 is a texture pattern of Sample No. 8. FIG. FIG. 7 shows a sample No. 9 of Experimental Example 1. 10 texturo patterns

Claims (4)

加熱滅菌後冷却した豆乳に、0.01〜0.3%(W/V)の天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム、乳酸カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上の凝固剤および豆乳蛋白質1g当たり0.1〜5ユニットのトランスグルタミナーゼを同時又は順次に添加混合した後、容器に充填、密封し、これを70℃以下の加熱によって凝固剤と酵素による凝固反応を行わせた後に、75℃以上に加熱して酵素を失活させると同時に凝固剤による凝固を完了させることを特徴とする充填豆腐の製造法。Heat-sterilized and cooled soy milk, 0.01 to 0.3% (W / V) at least one selected from natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium phosphate monobasic, calcium sulfate, calcium lactate The coagulant and 0.1 to 5 units of transglutaminase per 1 g of soymilk protein are added simultaneously or sequentially and mixed, then filled and sealed in a container. A method for producing filled tofu, comprising heating the mixture to 75 ° C. or higher to deactivate the enzyme and simultaneously complete coagulation with a coagulant. 容器に充填密封後、35〜70℃で5〜120分間保持して凝固剤と酵素による凝固反応をさせた後、75〜110℃で5〜120分間加熱して酵素を失活させると同時に凝固を完了させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の充填豆腐。After filling and sealing in a container, the mixture is kept at 35 to 70 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to cause a coagulation reaction with a coagulant and an enzyme, and then heated at 75 to 110 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and coagulate at the same time. 3. Filling tofu according to claim 1, wherein 無菌処理した凝固剤およびトランスグルタミナーゼを無菌雰囲気下で添加混合する請求項1記載の充填豆腐。The filled tofu according to claim 1, wherein the aseptically treated coagulant and transglutaminase are added and mixed under a sterile atmosphere. 加熱滅菌後冷却した豆乳に、天然ニガリ、塩化マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、塩化カルシウム、第一リン酸カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上の無菌処理した凝固剤を0.01〜0.3%(W/V)及びトランスグルタミナーゼを豆乳蛋白質1g当たり0.1〜5ユニット、同時又は順次に無菌雰囲気下で添加混合後、無菌雰囲気下で容器に充填密封し、これを35〜70℃で5〜120分間加熱して凝固剤と酵素による凝固反応を行わせ、次いで75〜110℃で5分〜120分間加熱して酵素を失活させると同時に凝固を完了させることを特徴とする無菌充填豆腐の製造法。One or more aseptic-treated coagulants selected from natural bittern, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, and monobasic calcium phosphate are added to the soymilk cooled after heat sterilization in an amount of 0.01 to 0.3% (W / V). And 0.1 to 5 units of transglutaminase per 1 g of soy milk protein, simultaneously or sequentially added and mixed under a sterile atmosphere, filled and sealed in a container under a sterile atmosphere, and heated at 35 to 70 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes. A coagulation reaction using a coagulant and an enzyme, followed by heating at 75 to 110 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes to inactivate the enzyme and complete coagulation, and at the same time to complete the coagulation.
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