JP3557264B2 - Idler pulley - Google Patents

Idler pulley Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3557264B2
JP3557264B2 JP32867394A JP32867394A JP3557264B2 JP 3557264 B2 JP3557264 B2 JP 3557264B2 JP 32867394 A JP32867394 A JP 32867394A JP 32867394 A JP32867394 A JP 32867394A JP 3557264 B2 JP3557264 B2 JP 3557264B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
pulley
fixed
raceway surface
side raceway
axis
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JP32867394A
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JPH08178025A (en
Inventor
勝夫 福若
唯久 鈴木
善明 鈴木
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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Priority to JP32867394A priority Critical patent/JP3557264B2/en
Priority to US08/696,905 priority patent/US5725448A/en
Priority to CA002184179A priority patent/CA2184179A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP1995/002717 priority patent/WO1996020362A1/en
Priority to DE19581535T priority patent/DE19581535T1/en
Publication of JPH08178025A publication Critical patent/JPH08178025A/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H7/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0863Finally actuated members, e.g. constructional details thereof
    • F16H2007/0865Pulleys

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明はアイドラプーリに関し、特に自動車のエンジンのタイミングベルト、及び補機駆動用ベルトに係止されるアイドラプーリに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アイドラプーリは、自動車のエンジンのタイミングベルトや補機駆動用ベルト等において、ベルトの巻掛け角を増大させ、また、ベルトに適当な張力を与えるために配置される。アイドラプーリとしては、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に軌道面(回転側軌道面)を直接設けたもの(いわゆる笠型外輪)もあるが、図13に示すように、プーリ周面11a1を有するプーリ本体11の内径に玉軸受12の外輪12bを嵌合した構成のものが多く使用されている。
【0003】
プーリ本体11は鋼板プレス製のもので、ベルトを掛けるための外径円筒部11a、玉軸受12の外輪12bを嵌合する内径円筒部11bを有する。プーリ周面11a1は、外径円筒部11aの外径に設けられる。玉軸受12は深溝玉軸受で、プーリ本体11の内径円筒部11bに嵌合された外輪12b、固定軸(図示省略)に嵌合される内輪12a、内・外輪12a、12bの軌道面間に組込まれた複数のボール12c、ボール12cを保持する保持器12d、グリースを密封するシール12eを有する。
【0004】
この種のアイドラプーリでは、プーリ本体11がベルトから回転駆動力を受けて回転すると、これに嵌合された玉軸受12の外輪12bがプーリ本体11と一体となって回転する。
【0005】
上記のようなアイドラプーリにおいて、プーリ回転軸心Z(プーリ周面11a1の軸心)は、固定軸心Xと一致するように設計するのが通例である。これは、軸心のずれにより、ベルト荷重が玉軸受12に偏荷重として作用し、玉軸受12に好ましくない影響が生じるのを回避するためにそうするもので、従来より踏襲されてきたいわば設計上の基本的事項ともいうべきものである。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記のようなアイドラプーリを寒冷時に運転すると特異音(笛吹き音)が発生する場合がある。この寒冷時の特異音、いわゆる冷時異音は市場において必ずしも100%発生するわけではなく、気温等に左右され、国内では北海道など限られた地域でのみ発生する。また、自動車のエンジンの始動時からごく短時間(長いものでも1分間程度)に発生、その後は皆無である。冷時異音はこのような複雑な性質を有し、再現するのが困難であったため、その発生原因については未だ明確には解明されていない。しかも、自動車等に使用されるアイドラプーリは高温、高速で運転されるものであり、その耐久性も重要な特性の一つであるから、耐久性低下につながるような対策手段は採れない。このような理由から、現在、アイドラプーリの冷時異音対策としてこれといって決め手となる有効な手段が提供されていないのが実状である。
【0007】
従来より、冷時異音対策として、低温特性に優れたグリース(寒冷時においても、転動体と内・外輪の軌道面との接触部に油膜がむらなく形成されるもの)を軸受に使用することが検討されている。この対策手段は、寒冷時におけるグリースの潤滑性能を高めることによって、冷時異音の発生を抑制しようとするものであり、かなりの効果が期待できる。しかし、グリースの粘度が低くなるため、高温時の潤滑性能に懸念があり、耐久性低下につながる可能性がある。
【0008】
また、内・外輪の軌道面の曲率半径を大きくしたり、軸受すきまを大きくすることで、冷時異音の発生が抑制されたとの報告もあるが、軌道面の曲率半径や軸受すきまの増大は、プーリ本体の角振れを増幅する結果となり、アイドラプーリとしての機能を害するおそれがある。
【0009】
さらに、プーリ本体のボス部(玉軸受の外輪を嵌合する部分)の外径に吸音効果を有する部材(ゴム状弾性体)を装着した事例(実開平3−41247号)、あるいは、プーリ本体の内径と玉軸受を嵌合するベアリングケースの外径との間に弾性体を介在させた事例もある(実開昭62−91056号)。これらの事例は、弾性体の内部減衰性を利用して、冷時異音の発生要因であると考えられる軸受の自励振動を吸収しようとしたものであるが、冷時においては弾性体の内部減衰性が低下すると考えられるため、冷時異音対策として充分な効果が期待できるかは定かではない。
【0010】
そこで、本発明は、アイドラプーリの耐久性、プーリとしての機能を確保しつつ、コスト面をも考慮に入れ、冷時異音の発生を効果的に抑制又は防止し得る手段を提供しようとするものである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明では、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体を回転側軌道面を有する玉軸受の外輪の外径に嵌合し、又は、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に回転側軌道面を設け、固定側軌道面を有する玉軸受の内輪を固定軸に嵌合し、又は、固定側軌道面を固定軸の外径に設けた自動車のアイドラプーリにおいて、プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を有し、玉軸受の転動体がベルト荷重の非負荷領域を含む全ての公転移動領域において回転側軌道面及び固定側軌道面と接触面圧をもって接触し、かつ、上記転動体の自転軸がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化する構成とした。
【0012】
プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を設けるため、プーリ周面に設けられたベルト係止用溝の走行方向と固定側軌道面の走行方向との間に傾斜を設けた構成、プーリ周面の軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜を設けた構成を採用すると良い。
【0013】
また、本発明では、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体を回転側軌道面を有する玉軸受の外輪の外径に嵌合し、又は、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に回転側軌道面を設け、固定側軌道面を有する玉軸受の内輪を固定軸に嵌合し、又は、固定側軌道面を固定軸の外径に設けた自動車のアイドラプーリにおいて、回転側軌道面の軸心と固定側軌道面の軸心との間に傾斜角を有し、玉軸受の転動体がベルト荷重の非負荷領域を含む全ての公転移動領域において回転側軌道面及び固定側軌道面と接触面圧をもって接触し、かつ、転動体の自転軸がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化する構成とした。
【0014】
寒冷時には、グリースの基油粘度上昇・稠度低下による軌道面の油膜むら・不均一化が生じやすい。油膜むら・不均一化があると、転動体と軌道面との間の摩擦係数が微小な周期的変化を起こし、これにより転動体に自励振動が生じる。特に、油膜切れ部分が存在すると、その部分で転動体がスティク滑りを起こし、転がり・滑りの状態変化を周期的に繰り返すために、ある一定の振動数で転動体の自励振動の振幅はより大きくなる。しかも、深溝玉軸受においては、ラジアル荷重によって転動体が負荷域から非負荷域に、あるいは、非負荷域から負荷域に移行する瞬間は、その挙動が特に不安定になり(転動体の遅れ進み等)、これが自励振動を一層助長させる。そして、このような自励振動をする転動体と内・外輪の軌道面との接触部分において異音が発生するものと思われる。さらに、転動体の自励振動が外輪を介してプーリ本体に伝わり、プーリ本体の固有振動と共振して増幅され、共鳴音となって拡大する場合もある。
【0015】
冷時異音の発生メカニズムは未だ完全には解明されていないが、上記のように、転動体の自励振動が大きな要因になっていると考えられる。このような推論に基づき、いくつかの検証を試みたところ、以下の事象が判明した。
【0016】
(1)軸受B(深溝玉軸受)を組込んだアイドラプーリに比べ、軸受A(複列アンギュラ玉軸受)を組込んだアイドラプーリは冷時異音の発生頻度が低い(表1参照)。
【0017】
(2)低温時の粘度が高いグリースを封入したアイドラプーリは、粘度の低いグリースを封入したアイドラプーリに比べ、冷時異音の発生頻度が高い(表2参照)。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003557264
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0003557264
【0020】
上記(1)(2)の事象から、転動体の挙動の自由度、冷時における軌道面の油膜形成状態が、冷時異音の発生に大きな影響を及ぼしていることが裏付けられる。
【0021】
本発明は、上記のような推論及び検証結果に基づき、プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を有する構成、回転側軌道面の軸心と固定側軌道面の軸心との間に傾斜角を有する構成を採用することにより、冷時異音の発生を効果的に抑制又は防止したものである。
【0022】
【作用】
プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を設けることにより、外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面)と内輪の軌道面(固定側軌道面)との間に斜行状態が生じ、そのため、転動体は内・外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面および固定側軌道面)と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。このような転動体の挙動は、以下の解析結果を援用することにより裏付けされる。図10は、オフセット量(ベルト荷重の中心位置と軸受中心線との軸方向のずれ量)と接触角分布との関係、図11および図12は、オフセット量と外輪、内輪の接触面圧との関係を示すものである。これらの解析結果を援用する理由は、オフセットを設けた構成においても、外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面)と内輪の軌道面(固定側軌道面)との間に斜行状態が生じるので(ベルト荷重中心位置のずれにより、外輪に傾き回転が生じるため)、転動体の挙動は、本発明の構成と基本的に同様であると考えられるからである。尚、これらの解析結果は玉軸受として深溝玉軸受を用いた場合のものであり、オフセット量=0の構成が従来のアイドラプーリに該当する。また、これら図における周方向角度(位相角)は、ベルトの接触中央位置(プーリ周面との接触部分における円周方向中央位置)を基準(0°)とし、そこから固定軸回りにとった角度である。
【0023】
まず、図10に示す結果から、オフセット量=0の構成では、転動体の接触角が全ての周方向角度においてゼロであるのに対し、オフセット量を設けた構成では、転動体が殆ど全ての周方向角度において接触角をもって内・外輪の軌道面と接触する。しかも、転動体の接触角は周方向角度によって異なっており、このことは、転動体の自転軸が公転に伴って刻々変化することを示している。
【0024】
つぎに、図11および図12に示す結果から、オフセット量=0の構成では、ベルト荷重の非負荷域(周方向角度100°〜250°付近の領域)において接触面圧がゼロになるのに対し、オフセット量を設けた構成では、転動体が非負荷領域を含む全領域において所定値以上の接触面圧をもって内・外輪の軌道面と接触する。特に、ベルトの接触中央位置からもっとも離れた周方向角度180°の位置において、接触面圧の小ピーク状態が表れるのが特徴的である。この状態は、図10の接触角分布に対応している。
【0025】
以上の解析結果から明らかなように、本発明のアイドラプーリにおいても、▲1▼全ての転動体が内・外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面および固定側軌道面)と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって接触し、▲2▼各転動体の自転軸(接触角)がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化する。
【0026】
▲1▼全ての転動体が内・外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面および固定側軌道面)と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって接触することにより、転動体はその挙動、特に、軸方向への挙動が抑制されるため、仮に何らの起振要因が作用した場合でも、自励振動を生じにくい。しかも、▲2▼各転動体の自転軸がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化することにより、転動体に付着した新しい潤滑剤が軌道面との接触部分に常に供給され、油膜が形成され易くなるので、起振要因となる摩擦係数の周期的変化、転動体のスティック滑りが生じにくい。本発明において、冷時異音の発生が効果的に抑制又は防止されるメカニズムは、このような転動体の挙動抑制機能、油膜形成促進機能の相互作用によるものと考えられる。そして、プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との傾斜角を管理することにより、周囲環境、運転条件等に応じた最適設定、変更等を極めて容易に行なうことができる。
【0027】
尚、上記▲1▼▲2▼は、冷時異音発生防止のための最も好ましい状態を示すもので、必ずしも全ての転動体が上記▲1▼▲2▼の状態に該当する必然性はなく、少なくともベルト荷重の負荷域(周方向角度0°〜100°付近、250〜360°付近の領域)にある転動体が上記▲1▼▲2▼の状態に該当すれば、かなりの抑制効果が期待できる。
【0028】
回転側軌道面の軸心と固定側軌道面の軸心との間に傾斜角を設けた構成の作用も、基本的には上記と同じである。ただ、この構成は、回転側軌道面と固定側軌道面との間の斜行状態を、それ自体、本来的に備えているという点で、上記構成とは区別される。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に従って説明する。
【0030】
図1に示すアイドラプーリは、自動車の補機駆動ベルト等に使用されるものである。このアイドラプーリは、プーリ本体1と、プーリ本体1の内径に嵌合された玉軸受2とで構成される。プーリ本体1は、内径円筒部1a、外径円筒部1b、内径円筒部1aと外径円筒部1bとを連結する連結部1c、内径円筒部1aの一端から内径側に延びた鍔部1dからなる環体である。内径円筒部1aの内径には、玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、外径円筒部1aの外径には、図示されていないベルト(正面ベルト)が接触するプーリ周面1a1が設けられている。この実施例において、プーリ周面1a1には複数のベルト係止用溝1a2が軸方向等間隔に設けられ、かつ、これらベルト係止用溝1a2が、プーリ周面1a1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心になる)と直交する平面に対して所定の傾斜角αをもっている。ベルト荷重が作用していない状態では、プーリ周面1a1の軸心Zは固定軸心Xと一致する。
【0031】
玉軸受2は深溝玉軸受で、プーリ本体1の内径円筒部1aの内径に嵌合された外輪2a、図示されていない固定軸に嵌合される内輪2b、内・外輪2a、2bの軌道面間に組込まれた複数のボール2c、および、ボール2cを円周等間隔に保持する保持器(図示省略)、グリースを密封する一対のシール(図示省略)で構成される。内輪2bの軌道面の溝底円を含む平面は、固定軸心Xと直交する。そのため、ベルト係止用溝1a2の走行方向と、内輪2bの軌道面の走行方向とは傾斜角αだけ傾斜する。
【0032】
ベルト(正面ベルト)がベルト係止用溝1a2に接触し、固定軸心Xと直交する平面内を走行すると、プーリ本体1およびこれに嵌合された玉軸受2の外輪2aは、ベルトに対するベルト係止溝1a2の傾斜角αを修正する方向に傾く。その結果、プーリ周面1a1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心Z)が固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜し、外輪2aが軸受中心線Yに対して傾き、外輪2aの軌道面と内輪2bの軌道面との間に斜行状態が生じる。そのため、ボール2cは、内・外輪2a、2bの軌道面と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。
【0033】
図2に示すアイドラプーリ(タイミングベルト用)では、プーリ本体1のプーリ周面1e1に複数のベルト係止用溝1e2が円周等間隔に設けられ、かつ、これらベルト係止用溝1e2がプーリ周面1e1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心Z)を含む平面に対して所定の傾斜角αをもっている。ベルト荷重が作用していない状態では、プーリ周面1e1の軸心Zは固定軸心Xと一致している。内輪2bの軌道面の溝底円を含む平面は、固定軸心Xと直交する。そのため、ベルト係止用溝1e2の走行方向と、内輪2bの軌道面の走行方向とは直角から傾斜角αだけ傾斜する。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、円筒部1eからなる環体で、円筒部1eの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1eの外径にベルト(タイミングベルト)が接触するプーリ周面1e1が設けられている。
【0034】
ベルト(タイミングベルト)がベルト係止用溝1e2に接触し、固定軸心Xと直交する平面内を走行すると、プーリ本体1およびこれに嵌合された玉軸受2の外輪2aは、ベルト(ベルトの歯)に対するベルト係止溝1e2の傾斜角αを修正する方向に傾く。その結果、プーリ回転軸心Zが固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜し、外輪2aが軸受中心線Yに対して傾き、外輪2aの軌道面と内輪2bの軌道面との間に斜行状態が生じる。そのため、ボール2cは、内・外輪2a、2bの軌道面と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。
【0035】
図3に示すアイドラプーリでは、プーリ本体1のプーリ周面1f1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心Z)と固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜角αが設けられている。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、筒部1fからなる環体で、筒部1fの内径1f2の軸心は固定軸心Xと同心である。筒部1fの内径1f2に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、筒部1fの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1f1が設けられている。
【0036】
ベルトが、固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αをもった軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心)を有するプーリ周面1f1に接触し、固定軸心Xと直交する平面内を走行すると、プーリ本体1およびこれに嵌合された玉軸受2の外輪2aは、傾斜角αを修正する方向に傾く。その結果、外輪2aが軸受中心線Yに対して傾き、外輪2aの軌道面と内輪2bの軌道面との間に斜行状態が生じる。そのため、ボール2cは、内・外輪2a、2bの軌道面と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。
【0037】
図4に示すアイドラプーリも、図3に示す構成と同様に、プーリ本体1のプーリ周面1g1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心)と固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜角αを設けたものであるが、傾斜角αをもたせるための具体的構成が異なる。すなわち、この実施例では、玉軸受2の外輪2aの外径の軸心(Z)を固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜させ、これを、同じく固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜した軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心)を有するプーリ本体1の円筒部1gの内径に嵌合してある。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜した軸心Zを有する円筒部1g、円筒部1gの一端から内径側に延びた鍔部1h、円筒部1gの他端から外径側に延びたフランジ部1jからなる環体である。円筒部1gの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1gの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1g1が設けられている。フランジ部1jはベルトを案内するために設けられている。図3に示す構成と同様の作用効果を奏する。
【0038】
図5に示すアイドラプーリも、図3および図4に示す構成と同様に、プーリ本体1のプーリ周面1k1の軸心Z(プーリ回転軸心)と固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜角αを設けたものであるが、傾斜角αをもたせるための具体的構成が異なる。すなわち、この実施例では、固定軸心Xとなる玉軸受2の内輪2bの内径の軸心を、プーリ周面1k1の軸心Zに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜させてある。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、軸受中心線Yに対して垂直な軸心Zを有する円筒部1k、円筒部1kの一端から内径側に延びた鍔部1m、円筒部1kの他端から外径側に延びたフランジ部1nからなる環体である。円筒部1kの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1kの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1k1が設けられている。
【0039】
内輪2bを固定軸に嵌合すると、プーリ本体1およびこれに嵌合された玉軸受2の外輪2aが固定軸心Xに対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜する。そして、ベルトが固定軸心Xと直交する平面内を走行すると、プーリ本体1および外輪2aが傾斜角αを修正する方向に傾く。その結果、外輪2aが軸受中心線Yに対して傾き、外輪2aの軌道面と内輪2bの軌道面との間に斜行状態が生じる。そのため、図3および図4に示す構成と同様の作用効果を奏する。
【0040】
図6に示すアイドラプーリは、玉軸受2の外輪2aの軌道面2a1(回転側軌道面)の溝底円を含む平面を、固定軸心Xに直交する平面に対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜させたものである。内輪2bの軌道面2b1(固定側軌道面)の溝底円を含む平面は固定軸心Xと直交する。そのため、軌道面2a1(回転側軌道面)の軸心と、軌道面2b1(固定側軌道面)の軸心とは傾斜角αだけ傾斜する。
【0041】
軌道面2a1と軌道面2b1とが傾斜角αだけ傾斜するため、ボール2cは、軌道面2a1、2b1と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、円筒部1p、円筒部1pの一端から内径側に延びた鍔部1q、円筒部1pの他端から外径側に延びたフランジ部1rからなる環体である。円筒部1pの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1pの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1p1が設けられている。
【0042】
図7に示すアイドラプーリでは、玉軸受2の内輪2bの一方の端面2b2が、固定軸心Xと直交する平面に対して傾斜角αだけ傾斜している。内輪2bの内径に図示されていない固定軸の外径をルーズフィットさせ、かつ、内輪2bの傾斜した端面2b2を固定軸の軸肩に当接させると、内輪2bが固定軸に対して傾く。そのため、外輪2aの軌道面2a1と内輪2bの軌道面2b1との間に斜行状態が生じ、ボール2cは、軌道面2a1、2b1と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、円筒部1sからなる環体で、円筒部1sの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1sの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1s1が設けられている。
【0043】
図8に示すアイドラプーリは、玉軸受2の内輪2bの内径に嵌合される固定軸3の剛性を部分的に弱くし、ベルト荷重によって若干のベンディングを起こさせることにより、プーリ回転軸心Z(プーリ周面1t1の軸心)と固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜が生じるようにしたものである。
【0044】
固定軸3のベンディングにより、内輪2bが軸受中心線Yに対して傾き、外輪2aの軌道面と内輪2bの軌道面との間に斜行状態が生じる。そのため、ボール2cは、内・外輪2a、2bの軌道面と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって(溝底をはずれた位置で)接触しながら転動する。これにより、前述したメカニズムに基づき、冷時異音の発生が防止される。尚、この実施例のプーリ本体1は、円筒部1tからなる環体で、円筒部1tの内径に玉軸受2の外輪2aが嵌合され、円筒部1tの外径にベルトが接触するプーリ周面1t1が設けられている。
【0045】
図9に示す実施例は、アイドラプーリとベルトとの位置関係(レイアウト)により、プーリ回転軸心Zと固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜が生じるようにしたものである。この点、アイドラプーリ自体(固定軸も含めて)が、軸心間の傾斜を生じさせるような構造を有している図1〜図5、図7〜図8の実施例とは異なる。
【0046】
この実施例において、ベルト4は、固定軸心Xと直交する平面に対して、傾斜角αだけ傾斜した平面内を走行する。そのため、プーリ本体およびこれに嵌合された玉軸受の外輪が軸受中心線に対して傾斜し、その結果、プーリ回転軸心Zと固定軸心Xとの間に傾斜が生じる。上記のようなベルト4の斜行は、例えば、アイドラプーリ5の両側に位置するプーリ6、7相互間において、プーリ周面のベルト係止用溝(V溝)の溝と山とを1つずらせることに行なうと良い。
【0047】
尚、以上の実施例において、傾斜角αを上限値以下の値に設定することにより、耐久性、プーリ機能確保等の要求との均衡を図ることができると考えられる。また、以上の実施例において、種々の形状のプーリ本体1を例示してあるが、本発明は、プーリ本体の形状は特に問わない。さらに、本発明は、ベルトの接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に回転側軌道面を直接設けたアイドラプーリ、また、固定軸の外径に固定側軌道面を直接設けたアイドラプーリにも同様に適用可能である。
【0048】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明は、プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を設けた構成、回転側軌道面の軸心と固定側軌道面の軸心との間に傾斜角を設けた構成を有するので、アイドラプーリとして以下に挙げる特有の効果を奏する。
【0049】
(1)上記傾斜角を設けることにより、少なくともベルト荷重の負荷域にある転動体が、▲1▼内・外輪の軌道面(回転側軌道面および固定側軌道面)と所定面圧以上で接触角をもって接触し、▲2▼各転動体の接触角(自転軸)がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化するので、転動体はその挙動を抑制され、しかも、転動体の自転軸の変化に伴い、軌道面に新たな潤滑剤が常時供給され、油膜形成が促進される。このような、転動体の挙動抑制機能、油膜形成促進機能の相互作用によって、冷時異音の発生が効果的に抑制又は防止される。
【0050】
(2)特に、傾斜角を所定以上の値に設定することにより、冷時異音の発生を完全に防止できると考えられ(オフセットを設けた構成では、オフセット量を所定範囲内の値に設定することにより、冷時異音の発生を完全に防止できることが実験により確認されている。)、従来、困難とされていた冷時異音発生の完全防止を実現できることは、きわめて大きな技術意義をもつ。
【0051】
(3)傾斜角を管理するだけで、周囲環境、運転条件等に応じた最適設定、変更等を極めて容易に行なうことができる。
【0052】
(4)上記効果は封入グリースの種類を問わず実現できるので、低温グリース等を使用した従来構成のように、高温耐久性の低下につながる心配がない。
【0053】
(5)プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を設けるための構成として、プーリ周面に設けられたベルト係止用溝の走行方向と固定側軌道面の走行方向との間に傾斜を設けた構成、プーリ周面の軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜を設けた構成を採用することにより、構造を複雑化させる要因を少なくできるので、コスト的にも有利である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例を示す断面斜視図である。
【図2】本発明の実施例を示す断面図(図a)、プーリ周面の斜視図(図b)である。
【図3】本発明の実施例を示す断面図(図a)、プーリ本体の斜視図(図b)である。
【図4】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図5】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図6】本発明の実施例を示す断面図(図a)、外輪の断面図(図b)である。
【図7】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図8】本発明の実施例を示す断面図である。
【図9】本発明の実施例を示す正面図(図a)、側面図(図b)である。
【図10】オフセット量と接触角分布との関係を示す図である。
【図11】オフセット量と外輪の接触面圧との関係を示す図である。
【図12】オフセット量と内輪の接触面圧との関係を示す図である。
【図13】従来のアイドラプーリを示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 プーリ本体
2 玉軸受
2a 外輪
2b 内輪
3 固定軸
4 ベルト
Y 軸受中心線
X 固定軸心
Z プーリ回転軸心
α 傾斜角[0001]
[Industrial applications]
The present invention relates to an idler pulley, and more particularly, to an idler pulley which is locked to a timing belt of an automobile engine and a belt for driving auxiliary equipment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The idler pulley is disposed in a timing belt of an engine of an automobile, a belt for driving an auxiliary machine, or the like, in order to increase a winding angle of the belt and to apply an appropriate tension to the belt. As an idler pulley, there is a pulley body (rotation side raceway surface) directly provided on the inner diameter of a pulley main body having a pulley peripheral surface with which a belt comes into contact (a so-called shade outer ring), but as shown in FIG. A structure in which an outer ring 12b of a ball bearing 12 is fitted to an inner diameter of a pulley body 11 having a peripheral surface 11a1 is often used.
[0003]
The pulley body 11 is made of a steel plate press and has an outer cylindrical portion 11a for hanging a belt, and an inner cylindrical portion 11b into which an outer ring 12b of the ball bearing 12 is fitted. The pulley peripheral surface 11a1 is provided on the outer diameter of the outer cylindrical portion 11a. The ball bearing 12 is a deep groove ball bearing, and is provided between an orbital surface of an outer ring 12b fitted to the inner cylindrical portion 11b of the pulley body 11, an inner ring 12a fitted to a fixed shaft (not shown), and inner and outer rings 12a and 12b. It has a plurality of balls 12c incorporated therein, a holder 12d for holding the balls 12c, and a seal 12e for sealing grease.
[0004]
In this type of idler pulley, when the pulley body 11 rotates by receiving a rotational driving force from the belt, the outer ring 12b of the ball bearing 12 fitted thereto rotates integrally with the pulley body 11.
[0005]
In the idler pulley described above, the pulley rotation axis Z (the axis of the pulley peripheral surface 11a1) is usually designed to coincide with the fixed axis X. This is to prevent the belt load from acting on the ball bearing 12 as an eccentric load due to the deviation of the shaft center, thereby preventing the ball bearing 12 from having an undesirable effect. It should be called the above basic matter.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Incidentally, when the above idler pulley is operated in cold weather, a peculiar sound (whistling sound) may be generated. This peculiar sound at the cold time, that is, the so-called abnormal noise at the cold time, is not always 100% generated in the market, depends on the temperature and the like, and is generated only in a limited area such as Hokkaido in Japan. Also, it occurs in a very short time (about one minute even if it is long) from the start of the engine of the automobile, and there is no occurrence thereafter. Since the abnormal noise during cold has such a complicated property and it is difficult to reproduce it, the cause of its generation has not been clarified yet. In addition, since idler pulleys used in automobiles and the like are operated at high temperatures and high speeds, and their durability is one of the important characteristics, no countermeasures can be taken to reduce the durability. For these reasons, at present, no effective means has been provided as a decisive measure against the abnormal noise of the idler pulley when it is cold.
[0007]
Conventionally, as a countermeasure against abnormal noise during cold weather, grease with excellent low-temperature characteristics (one that has an even oil film at the contact between the rolling elements and the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings even in cold weather) is used for bearings. That is being considered. This countermeasure is intended to suppress the generation of abnormal noise during cold by increasing the lubricating performance of grease in cold weather, and a considerable effect can be expected. However, since the viscosity of the grease decreases, there is a concern about lubrication performance at high temperatures, which may lead to a decrease in durability.
[0008]
It has also been reported that by increasing the radius of curvature of the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races and by increasing the bearing clearance, the occurrence of abnormal noise during cooling was suppressed. Results in amplifying the angular runout of the pulley body, which may impair the function as an idler pulley.
[0009]
Furthermore, a case where a member (rubber-like elastic body) having a sound absorbing effect is attached to the outer diameter of the boss portion (portion where the outer ring of the ball bearing is fitted) of the pulley body (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-41247), or the pulley body In some cases, an elastic body is interposed between the inner diameter of the bearing case and the outer diameter of the bearing case in which the ball bearing is fitted (Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 62-91056). In these cases, the internal damping of the elastic body was used to absorb the self-excited vibration of the bearing, which is considered to be a cause of abnormal noise during cold operation. Since it is considered that the internal damping property is reduced, it is not clear whether a sufficient effect can be expected as a countermeasure for abnormal noise during cold weather.
[0010]
Therefore, the present invention seeks to provide a means that can effectively suppress or prevent the generation of abnormal noise during cold weather while ensuring the durability of the idler pulley and the function as a pulley, while also taking into account cost. Things.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention,A pulley body having a pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact is fitted to the outer diameter of the outer ring of the ball bearing having a rotation-side raceway surface, or a rotation-side raceway surface is fitted with the inner diameter of the pulley body having the pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact. In the idler pulley of an automobile in which the inner ring of a ball bearing having a fixed-side raceway surface is fitted to a fixed shaft, or the fixed-side raceway surface is provided at the outer diameter of the fixed shaft,Set the inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis.The rolling element of the ball bearing contacts the rotating-side raceway surface and the fixed-side raceway surface with a contact surface pressure in all the revolving movement areas including the belt load non-load area, and the rotation axis of the rolling element is The structure changes every moment along with the orbital movement.
[0012]
A configuration in which an inclination is provided between the running direction of the belt locking groove provided on the pulley peripheral surface and the running direction of the fixed side raceway surface in order to provide an inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis. It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which an inclination is provided between the axis of the pulley peripheral surface and the fixed axis.
[0013]
Further, in the present invention, the pulley body having the pulley peripheral surface with which the belt contacts is fitted to the outer diameter of the outer ring of the ball bearing having the rotating raceway surface, or the pulley body having the pulley peripheral surface with which the belt contacts. The inner race is provided with a rotating raceway surface, and the inner race of a ball bearing having a fixed raceway surface is fitted to a fixed shaft, or the fixed raceway surface is provided at the outer diameter of the fixed shaft.AutomotiveIn the idler pulley, the inclination angle between the axis of the rotating side raceway and the axis of the fixed side raceway isThe rolling element of the ball bearing comes into contact with the rotating raceway surface and the fixed-side raceway surface with a contact surface pressure in all the revolving and moving regions including the non-load region of the belt load, and the rotating shaft of the rolling member rotates around its orbit. It is configured to change every moment as it moves.
[0014]
During cold weather, unevenness and unevenness of the oil film on the raceway surface due to increase and decrease in the viscosity of the base oil of the grease are likely to occur. If there is unevenness or unevenness in the oil film, the friction coefficient between the rolling element and the raceway surface undergoes a small periodic change, which causes self-excited vibration in the rolling element. In particular, if there is an oil film breakage, the rolling element will stick and slide at that point, and the rolling / sliding state changes periodically.Therefore, the amplitude of the self-excited vibration of the rolling element at a certain frequency becomes larger. growing. In addition, in the deep groove ball bearing, the behavior becomes particularly unstable at the moment when the rolling element shifts from the load area to the non-load area or from the non-load area to the load area due to the radial load (the rolling element delays). Etc.), which further promotes self-excited vibration. Then, it is considered that abnormal noise is generated at the contact portion between the rolling element that performs such self-excited vibration and the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings. Further, the self-excited vibration of the rolling element is transmitted to the pulley main body via the outer ring, and is amplified by being resonated with the natural vibration of the pulley main body, thereby expanding as a resonance sound.
[0015]
Although the generation mechanism of the abnormal noise during cold has not been completely elucidated yet, it is considered that the self-excited vibration of the rolling element is a major factor as described above. Based on such inferences, we tried several tests and found the following.
[0016]
(1) Compared with the idler pulley incorporating the bearing B (deep groove ball bearing), the idler pulley incorporating the bearing A (double-row angular contact ball bearing) has a lower occurrence of abnormal noise at cold (see Table 1).
[0017]
(2) The idler pulley filled with high-viscosity grease at low temperature has a higher occurrence frequency of abnormal noise when cold than the idler pulley filled with low-viscosity grease (see Table 2).
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003557264
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003557264
[0020]
The above events (1) and (2) support that the degree of freedom of the behavior of the rolling elements and the state of formation of the oil film on the raceway surface in a cold state greatly affect the generation of abnormal noise in a cold state.
[0021]
The present invention is based on the above inferences and verification results, a configuration having an inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis, the rotation of the rotation-side raceway axis and the fixed-side raceway axis. By adopting a configuration having an inclination angle between them, generation of abnormal noise during cold is effectively suppressed or prevented.
[0022]
[Action]
By providing an inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis, a skew state occurs between the raceway surface of the outer ring (rotation side raceway surface) and the raceway surface of the inner ring (fixed side raceway surface), Therefore, the rolling elements roll while contacting the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races (the rotation-side raceway surface and the fixed-side raceway surface) at a predetermined surface pressure or more with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom). The behavior of such rolling elements is supported by using the following analysis results. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the offset amount (the amount of axial displacement between the center position of the belt load and the bearing center line) and the contact angle distribution. FIGS. 11 and 12 show the offset amount and the contact surface pressure of the outer ring and the inner ring. This shows the relationship. The reason for using these analysis results is that even in the configuration having the offset, a skew state occurs between the raceway surface of the outer ring (rotation side raceway surface) and the raceway surface of the inner ring (fixed side raceway surface) ( This is because the behavior of the rolling element is considered to be basically the same as the configuration of the present invention because the outer ring is inclined and rotated due to the deviation of the belt load center position. These analysis results are obtained when a deep groove ball bearing is used as the ball bearing, and the configuration where the offset amount = 0 corresponds to the conventional idler pulley. Further, the circumferential angle (phase angle) in these figures is based on the center position of contact of the belt (the center position in the circumferential direction at the portion in contact with the peripheral surface of the pulley) as a reference (0 °) and from there around the fixed axis. Angle.
[0023]
First, from the results shown in FIG. 10, the contact angle of the rolling element is zero at all circumferential angles in the configuration where the offset amount = 0, whereas in the configuration in which the offset amount is provided, almost all the rolling elements Contact with inner and outer raceway surfaces with contact angle at circumferential angle. In addition, the contact angle of the rolling element differs depending on the circumferential angle, which indicates that the axis of rotation of the rolling element changes with the revolution.
[0024]
Next, from the results shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, in the configuration where the offset amount = 0, the contact surface pressure becomes zero in the non-load region of the belt load (the region near the circumferential angle of 100 ° to 250 °). On the other hand, in the configuration in which the offset amount is provided, the rolling element contacts the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings with a contact surface pressure of a predetermined value or more in the entire region including the non-load region. In particular, it is characteristic that a small peak state of the contact surface pressure appears at a position at a circumferential angle of 180 ° farthest from the contact center position of the belt. This state corresponds to the contact angle distribution in FIG.
[0025]
As is clear from the above analysis results, also in the idler pulley of the present invention, (1) all the rolling elements contact the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races (the rotation side raceway surface and the fixed side raceway surface) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. (2) The rotation axis (contact angle) of each rolling element changes every moment as it revolves.
[0026]
(1) All the rolling elements contact the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races (the rotating raceway surface and the fixed raceway surface) with a contact angle at a predetermined surface pressure or more, so that the rolling elements behave in their behavior, particularly in the axial direction. , The self-excited vibration is unlikely to occur even if any vibration factor acts. Moreover, (2) the rotation axis of each rolling element changes every moment as it revolves, so that the new lubricant attached to the rolling elements is always supplied to the contact portion with the raceway surface, so that an oil film is easily formed. Therefore, a periodic change in the friction coefficient and a stick slip of the rolling element, which are factors of vibration generation, are unlikely to occur. In the present invention, the mechanism of effectively suppressing or preventing the generation of abnormal noise during cold is considered to be due to the interaction between the behavior suppressing function of the rolling elements and the oil film formation promoting function. Then, by managing the inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis, it is possible to extremely easily perform the optimal setting and change according to the surrounding environment, operating conditions, and the like.
[0027]
Note that the above (1) and (2) indicate the most preferable state for preventing the generation of abnormal noise when cold, and it is not necessary that all the rolling elements correspond to the states (1) and (2). At least if the rolling elements in the load range of the belt load (the area in the circumferential direction of about 0 ° to 100 ° and the area of about 250 to 360 °) correspond to the above conditions (1) and (2), a considerable suppression effect can be expected. it can.
[0028]
The operation of the configuration in which the inclination angle is provided between the axis of the rotation-side raceway surface and the axis of the fixed-side raceway surface is basically the same as described above. However, this configuration is distinguished from the above configuration in that it inherently has a skew state between the rotation-side raceway surface and the fixed-side raceway surface.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0030]
The idler pulley shown in FIG. 1 is used for an accessory drive belt of an automobile or the like. The idler pulley includes a pulley body 1 and a ball bearing 2 fitted to the inner diameter of the pulley body 1. The pulley body 1 includes an inner cylindrical portion 1a, an outer cylindrical portion 1b, a connecting portion 1c connecting the inner cylindrical portion 1a and the outer cylindrical portion 1b, and a flange portion 1d extending from one end of the inner cylindrical portion 1a toward the inner diameter side. Ring. An outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted on the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical portion 1a, and a pulley peripheral surface 1a1 is provided on the outer diameter of the outer cylindrical portion 1a with which a not-shown belt (front belt) contacts. ing. In this embodiment, a plurality of belt locking grooves 1a2 are provided on the pulley peripheral surface 1a1 at equal intervals in the axial direction, and these belt locking grooves 1a2 are formed on the shaft center Z of the pulley peripheral surface 1a1 (pulley rotation). Has a predetermined inclination angle α with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis. When no belt load is applied, the axis Z of the pulley peripheral surface 1a1 coincides with the fixed axis X.
[0031]
The ball bearing 2 is a deep groove ball bearing, and has an outer ring 2a fitted to the inner diameter of the inner cylindrical portion 1a of the pulley body 1, an inner ring 2b fitted to a fixed shaft (not shown), and raceways of the inner and outer rings 2a, 2b. It comprises a plurality of balls 2c interposed therebetween, a retainer (not shown) for holding the balls 2c at equal circumferential intervals, and a pair of seals (not shown) for sealing grease. A plane including the groove bottom circle of the raceway surface of the inner ring 2b is orthogonal to the fixed axis X. Therefore, the traveling direction of the belt locking groove 1a2 and the traveling direction of the raceway surface of the inner race 2b are inclined by the inclination angle α.
[0032]
When the belt (front belt) comes into contact with the belt locking groove 1a2 and travels in a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X, the pulley body 1 and the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 fitted to the pulley body 1 The locking groove 1a2 is tilted in a direction to correct the tilt angle α. As a result, the axis Z of the pulley peripheral surface 1a1 (the pulley rotation axis Z) is inclined at an inclination angle α with respect to the fixed axis X, the outer ring 2a is inclined with respect to the bearing center line Y, and the raceway surface of the outer ring 2a A skew state occurs between the inner race 2b and the raceway surface. Therefore, the ball 2c rolls while contacting the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 2a, 2b with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above.
[0033]
In the idler pulley (for a timing belt) shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of belt locking grooves 1e2 are provided on the pulley peripheral surface 1e1 of the pulley body 1 at equal circumferential intervals, and the belt locking grooves 1e2 are The peripheral surface 1e1 has a predetermined inclination angle α with respect to a plane including the axis Z (the pulley rotation axis Z). When no belt load is applied, the axis Z of the pulley peripheral surface 1e1 coincides with the fixed axis X. A plane including the groove bottom circle of the raceway surface of the inner ring 2b is orthogonal to the fixed axis X. Therefore, the traveling direction of the belt locking groove 1e2 and the traveling direction of the raceway surface of the inner race 2b are inclined from a right angle by an inclination angle α. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment is an annular body composed of a cylindrical portion 1e. An outer ring 2a of a ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1e, and a belt (timing belt) is mounted on the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1e. A pulley peripheral surface 1e1 that is in contact is provided.
[0034]
When the belt (timing belt) comes into contact with the belt locking groove 1e2 and travels in a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X, the pulley body 1 and the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 fitted to the pulley main body 1 In the direction in which the inclination angle α of the belt locking groove 1e2 with respect to the second tooth is corrected. As a result, the pulley rotation axis Z is inclined by the inclination angle α with respect to the fixed axis X, the outer ring 2a is inclined with respect to the bearing center line Y, and a gap between the raceway surface of the outer ring 2a and the raceway surface of the inner ring 2b. A skew condition occurs. Therefore, the ball 2c rolls while contacting the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 2a, 2b with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above.
[0035]
In the idler pulley shown in FIG. 3, an inclination angle α is provided between the axis Z (the pulley rotation axis Z) of the pulley peripheral surface 1 f 1 of the pulley body 1 and the fixed axis X. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment is an annular body composed of a cylindrical portion 1f, and the axis of the inner diameter 1f2 of the cylindrical portion 1f is concentric with the fixed axis X. The outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter 1f2 of the cylindrical portion 1f, and a pulley peripheral surface 1f1 is provided for the belt to contact the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1f.
[0036]
When the belt contacts a pulley peripheral surface 1f1 having an axis Z (a pulley rotation axis) having an inclination angle α with respect to the fixed axis X and travels in a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X, the pulley body 1 and the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 fitted thereto are inclined in a direction in which the inclination angle α is corrected. As a result, the outer ring 2a is inclined with respect to the bearing center line Y, and a skew state occurs between the raceway surface of the outer ring 2a and the raceway surface of the inner ring 2b. Therefore, the ball 2c rolls while contacting the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 2a, 2b with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above.
[0037]
The idler pulley shown in FIG. 4 also has an inclination angle α between the axis Z (the pulley rotation axis) of the pulley peripheral surface 1g1 of the pulley body 1 and the fixed axis X, similarly to the configuration shown in FIG. However, the specific configuration for providing the inclination angle α is different. That is, in this embodiment, the axis (Z) of the outer diameter of the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is inclined with respect to the fixed axis X by the inclination angle α, and the inclination is also set with respect to the fixed axis X. It is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1g of the pulley body 1 having the axis Z (the pulley rotation axis) inclined by α. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment includes a cylindrical portion 1g having an axis Z inclined at an inclination angle α with respect to the fixed axis X, a flange portion 1h extending from one end of the cylindrical portion 1g to the inner diameter side, and a cylindrical portion. 1g is an annular body composed of a flange portion 1j extending from the other end to the outer diameter side. The outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1g, and a pulley peripheral surface 1g1 is provided, with which the belt contacts the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1g. The flange portion 1j is provided for guiding the belt. The same operation and effect as those of the configuration shown in FIG.
[0038]
The idler pulley shown in FIG. 5 also has an inclination angle α between the axis Z (the pulley rotation axis) of the pulley peripheral surface 1k1 of the pulley body 1 and the fixed axis X similarly to the configuration shown in FIGS. However, the specific configuration for providing the inclination angle α is different. That is, in this embodiment, the axis of the inner diameter of the inner ring 2b of the ball bearing 2, which is the fixed axis X, is inclined by the inclination angle α with respect to the axis Z of the pulley peripheral surface 1k1. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment has a cylindrical portion 1k having an axis Z perpendicular to the bearing center line Y, a flange portion 1m extending from one end of the cylindrical portion 1k to the inner diameter side, and the other end of the cylindrical portion 1k. It is an annular body composed of a flange portion 1n extending to the outer diameter side from. An outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1k, and a pulley peripheral surface 1k1 is provided to contact the belt with the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1k.
[0039]
When the inner ring 2b is fitted to the fixed shaft, the pulley body 1 and the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 fitted thereto are inclined by the inclination angle α with respect to the fixed axis X. When the belt travels in a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X, the pulley body 1 and the outer ring 2a are inclined in a direction to correct the inclination angle α. As a result, the outer ring 2a is inclined with respect to the bearing center line Y, and a skew state occurs between the raceway surface of the outer ring 2a and the raceway surface of the inner ring 2b. Therefore, the same operation and effect as those of the configuration shown in FIGS.
[0040]
The idler pulley shown in FIG. 6 inclines a plane including the groove bottom circle of the raceway surface 2a1 (rotation side raceway surface) of the outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 by an inclination angle α with respect to a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X. It is a thing. The plane including the groove bottom circle of the raceway surface 2b1 (fixed side raceway surface) of the inner ring 2b is orthogonal to the fixed axis X. Therefore, the axis of the raceway surface 2a1 (rotation side raceway surface) and the axis of the raceway surface 2b1 (fixed side raceway surface) are inclined by the inclination angle α.
[0041]
Since the raceway surface 2a1 and the raceway surface 2b1 are inclined by the inclination angle α, the ball 2c rolls while contacting the raceway surfaces 2a1, 2b1 with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom) at a contact pressure of a predetermined surface pressure or more. . Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment has an annular body including a cylindrical portion 1p, a flange portion 1q extending from one end of the cylindrical portion 1p to the inner diameter side, and a flange portion 1r extending from the other end of the cylindrical portion 1p to the outer diameter side. It is. The outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1p, and a pulley peripheral surface 1p1 is provided for the belt to contact the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1p.
[0042]
In the idler pulley shown in FIG. 7, one end face 2b2 of the inner ring 2b of the ball bearing 2 is inclined by an inclination angle α with respect to a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X. When the outer diameter of the fixed shaft (not shown) is loosely fitted to the inner diameter of the inner ring 2b, and the inclined end surface 2b2 of the inner ring 2b is brought into contact with the shoulder of the fixed shaft, the inner ring 2b is inclined with respect to the fixed shaft. Therefore, a skew state occurs between the raceway surface 2a1 of the outer race 2a and the raceway surface 2b1 of the inner race 2b, and the ball 2c has a contact angle with the raceway surfaces 2a1, 2b1 at a predetermined surface pressure or more (at a position off the groove bottom). Rolls while contacting. Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment is an annular body composed of a cylindrical portion 1s. The outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1s, and the pulley body is in contact with the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1s. The surface 1s1 is provided.
[0043]
In the idler pulley shown in FIG. 8, the rigidity of the fixed shaft 3 fitted to the inner diameter of the inner ring 2b of the ball bearing 2 is partially weakened, and a slight bending is caused by the belt load, so that the pulley rotation axis Z is reduced. (The axis of the pulley peripheral surface 1t1) and the fixed axis X are inclined.
[0044]
Due to the bending of the fixed shaft 3, the inner race 2b is inclined with respect to the bearing center line Y, and a skew state occurs between the raceway surface of the outer race 2a and the raceway surface of the inner race 2b. Therefore, the ball 2c rolls while contacting the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer rings 2a, 2b with a contact angle (at a position off the groove bottom) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. Thereby, the generation of abnormal noise during cold is prevented based on the mechanism described above. The pulley body 1 of this embodiment is an annular body composed of a cylindrical portion 1t. The outer ring 2a of the ball bearing 2 is fitted to the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 1t, and the belt pulley is in contact with the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 1t. A surface 1t1 is provided.
[0045]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the inclination is generated between the pulley rotation axis Z and the fixed axis X by the positional relationship (layout) between the idler pulley and the belt. This is different from the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 5 and FIGS. 7 to 8 in which the idler pulley itself (including the fixed shaft) has a structure that causes the inclination between the axes.
[0046]
In this embodiment, the belt 4 runs on a plane inclined by an inclination angle α with respect to a plane orthogonal to the fixed axis X. Therefore, the pulley body and the outer ring of the ball bearing fitted thereto are inclined with respect to the bearing center line, and as a result, an inclination is generated between the pulley rotation axis Z and the fixed axis X. The skew of the belt 4 as described above means that, for example, between the pulleys 6 and 7 located on both sides of the idler pulley 5, one groove and a peak of the belt locking groove (V groove) on the peripheral surface of the pulley are formed. It is good to do it to shift.
[0047]
In the above embodiment, it is considered that by setting the inclination angle α to a value equal to or less than the upper limit value, it is possible to achieve balance with requirements such as durability and pulley function. Further, in the above embodiments, various shapes of the pulley main body 1 are illustrated, but the present invention does not particularly matter the shape of the pulley main body. Further, the present invention provides an idler pulley in which a rotation-side raceway surface is directly provided on the inner diameter of a pulley body having a pulley peripheral surface with which a belt contacts, and an idler pulley in which a fixed-side raceway surface is directly provided on an outer diameter of a fixed shaft. Is similarly applicable.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention provides a configuration in which the inclination angle is provided between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis, and the inclination angle between the axis of the rotation-side raceway surface and the axis of the fixed-side raceway surface. , The following specific effects can be obtained as an idler pulley.
[0049]
(1) By providing the above-mentioned inclination angle, the rolling elements at least in the load range of the belt load come into contact with the (1) inner and outer raceway surfaces (the rotation side raceway surface and the fixed side raceway surface) at a predetermined surface pressure or more. (2) Since the contact angle (rotation axis) of each rolling element changes every moment along with its orbital movement, the rolling element is suppressed in its behavior, and furthermore, with the change in the rotation axis of the rolling element. As a result, a new lubricant is constantly supplied to the raceway surface, and the formation of an oil film is promoted. The interaction between the rolling element behavior suppressing function and the oil film formation promoting function effectively suppresses or prevents the generation of abnormal noise during cold.
[0050]
(2) In particular, by setting the inclination angle to a value equal to or more than a predetermined value, it is considered that generation of abnormal noise during cold can be completely prevented (in a configuration having an offset, the offset amount is set to a value within a predetermined range). It has been confirmed by experiments that the generation of cold noise can be completely prevented by performing the method.) It is of great technical significance to be able to completely prevent the generation of cold noise, which has been considered difficult in the past. Have.
[0051]
(3) Just by managing the inclination angle, it is possible to extremely easily perform the optimal setting and change according to the surrounding environment, operating conditions, and the like.
[0052]
(4) Since the above effects can be realized irrespective of the type of the filled grease, there is no fear that the high temperature durability is reduced unlike the conventional configuration using the low temperature grease or the like.
[0053]
(5) As a configuration for providing an inclination angle between the pulley rotation axis and the fixed axis, between the traveling direction of the belt locking groove provided on the pulley peripheral surface and the traveling direction of the fixed-side track surface. By adopting a configuration in which the inclination is provided between the center of the pulley peripheral surface and the fixed axis, a factor that complicates the structure can be reduced, which is advantageous in terms of cost. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view (FIG. A) showing an embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view (FIG. B) of a pulley peripheral surface.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view (FIG. A) showing the embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view (FIG. B) of the pulley body.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view (FIG. A) showing an embodiment of the present invention, and a sectional view (FIG. B) of an outer ring.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a front view (FIG. 9A) and a side view (FIG. 9B) showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a relationship between an offset amount and a contact angle distribution.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an offset amount and a contact surface pressure of an outer ring.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an offset amount and a contact surface pressure of an inner ring.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a conventional idler pulley.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Pulley body
2 Ball bearing
2a Outer ring
2b Inner ring
3 Fixed axis
4 belt
Y bearing center line
X Fixed axis
Z Pulley rotation axis
α tilt angle

Claims (4)

ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体を回転側軌道面を有する玉軸受の外輪の外径に嵌合し、又は、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に回転側軌道面を設け、固定側軌道面を有する玉軸受の内輪を固定軸に嵌合し、又は、固定側軌道面を固定軸の外径に設けた自動車のアイドラプーリにおいて、
プーリ回転軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜角を有し、上記玉軸受の転動体がベルト荷重の非負荷領域を含む全ての公転移動領域において上記回転側軌道面及び固定側軌道面と接触面圧をもって接触し、かつ、上記転動体の自転軸がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化することを特徴とするアイドラプーリ。
A pulley body having a pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact is fitted to the outer diameter of the outer ring of the ball bearing having a rotation-side raceway surface, or a rotation-side raceway surface is fitted with the inner diameter of the pulley body having the pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact. In the idler pulley of an automobile in which the inner ring of a ball bearing having a fixed-side raceway surface is fitted to a fixed shaft, or the fixed-side raceway surface is provided at the outer diameter of the fixed shaft,
Have a tilt angle between the fixed axis and the pulley rotation axis, the rotary-side raceway surface in all revolve region rolling elements of the ball bearing comprises a non-load region of the belt load and the fixed-side raceway surface and An idler pulley , wherein the idler pulley comes into contact with a contact surface pressure, and the rotation axis of the rolling element changes every moment along with its orbital movement .
プーリ周面に設けられたベルト係止用溝の走行方向と、固定側軌道面の走行方向との間に傾斜を設けた請求項1のアイドラプーリ。2. The idler pulley according to claim 1, wherein an inclination is provided between a running direction of the belt locking groove provided on the pulley peripheral surface and a running direction of the fixed track surface. プーリ周面の軸心と固定軸心との間に傾斜を設けた請求項1のアイドラプーリ。2. The idler pulley according to claim 1, wherein an inclination is provided between the axis of the pulley peripheral surface and the fixed axis. ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体を回転側軌道面を有する玉軸受の外輪の外径に嵌合し、又は、ベルトが接触するプーリ周面を有するプーリ本体の内径に回転側軌道面を設け、固定側軌道面を有する玉軸受の内輪を固定軸に嵌合し、又は、固定側軌道面を固定軸の外径に設けた自動車のアイドラプーリにおいて、
回転側軌道面の軸心と固定側軌道面の軸心との間に傾斜角を有し、上記玉軸受の転動体がベルト荷重の非負荷領域を含む全ての公転移動領域において上記回転側軌道面及び固定側軌道面と接触面圧をもって接触し、かつ、上記転動体の自転軸がその公転移動に伴って刻々変化することを特徴とするアイドラプーリ。
A pulley body having a pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact is fitted to the outer diameter of the outer ring of the ball bearing having a rotation-side raceway surface, or a rotation-side raceway surface is fitted with the inner diameter of the pulley body having the pulley peripheral surface with which the belt comes into contact. In the idler pulley of an automobile in which the inner ring of a ball bearing having a fixed-side raceway surface is fitted to a fixed shaft, or the fixed-side raceway surface is provided at the outer diameter of the fixed shaft,
The rotating side raceway in all revolve regions have a tilt angle, the rolling elements of the ball bearing comprises a non-load region of the belt load between the axial center of the axis and the fixed-side raceway surface of the rotation-side raceway surface An idler pulley , wherein the idler pulley is in contact with the surface and the fixed-side raceway surface with a contact surface pressure, and the rotation axis of the rolling element changes with the revolving movement thereof .
JP32867394A 1994-12-28 1994-12-28 Idler pulley Expired - Fee Related JP3557264B2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP32867394A JP3557264B2 (en) 1994-12-28 1994-12-28 Idler pulley
US08/696,905 US5725448A (en) 1994-12-28 1995-12-27 Idler pulley
CA002184179A CA2184179A1 (en) 1994-12-28 1995-12-27 Idler pulley
PCT/JP1995/002717 WO1996020362A1 (en) 1994-12-28 1995-12-27 Idler pulley
DE19581535T DE19581535T1 (en) 1994-12-28 1995-12-27 Belt tensioner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP32867394A JP3557264B2 (en) 1994-12-28 1994-12-28 Idler pulley

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08178025A JPH08178025A (en) 1996-07-12
JP3557264B2 true JP3557264B2 (en) 2004-08-25

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Family Applications (1)

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JP32867394A Expired - Fee Related JP3557264B2 (en) 1994-12-28 1994-12-28 Idler pulley

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