JP3538912B2 - Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment method - Google Patents
Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP3538912B2 JP3538912B2 JP23703394A JP23703394A JP3538912B2 JP 3538912 B2 JP3538912 B2 JP 3538912B2 JP 23703394 A JP23703394 A JP 23703394A JP 23703394 A JP23703394 A JP 23703394A JP 3538912 B2 JP3538912 B2 JP 3538912B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- acid consumption
- chemical treatment
- water
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は飛灰の性状測定方法及び
薬剤処理方法に係り、特に、飛灰中の未反応消石灰含有
量を把握し、適正な薬剤処理を行うことを可能とする飛
灰の性状測定方法及び薬剤処理方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is texture measuring method and of fly ash
The present invention relates to a chemical treatment method , and more particularly to a fly ash property measuring method and a chemical treatment method capable of grasping the content of unreacted slaked lime in fly ash and performing appropriate chemical treatment.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】飛灰（煤塵）は、作業環境を悪化させ作
業員の健康上の問題を引き起こす可能性があることか
ら、法律で指定された下記〜の廃棄物処理法に従っ
て処理することが義務付けられている。2. Description of the Related Art Fly ash (dust) can degrade the working environment and cause a health problem for workers, so that it can be treated in accordance with the following waste treatment methods specified by law. Mandatory.
【０００３】 薬剤処理法
溶融固化法
セメント固化法
酸、その他の溶媒による安定化法
ところで、下記表１に示す如く、飛灰は、焼却方式、集
塵方式、有害ガス除去方式等により、その化学組成や性
状は大きく異なる。特に、ストーカー炉で乾式によるガ
ス処理を行っている場合、飛灰中の未反応消石灰含有量
は高く、鉛の溶出値も高い傾向にある。Chemical treatment method Melt solidification method Cement solidification method Stabilization method using acid and other solvents As shown in Table 1 below, fly ash is chemically treated by incineration, dust collection, harmful gas removal, etc. The composition and properties vary greatly. In particular, when a dry gas treatment is performed in a stalker furnace, the content of unreacted slaked lime in fly ash tends to be high, and the elution value of lead tends to be high.
【０００４】[0004]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【０００５】そこで、薬剤処理法により飛灰を処理する
場合においては、未反応消石灰含有量の多い飛灰に対し
ては鉛等の重金属の溶出を確実に防止するために、重金
属固定薬剤の添加量を増加したり、ｐＨ調整剤を添加す
る必要があることから、薬剤処理に際しては予め飛灰の
処理に必要な薬剤量を把握する必要がある。Therefore, when fly ash is treated by the chemical treatment method, a heavy metal-fixing agent is added to the fly ash containing a large amount of unreacted slaked lime in order to reliably prevent elution of heavy metals such as lead. Since it is necessary to increase the amount or to add a pH adjuster, it is necessary to know in advance the amount of the chemical necessary for the treatment of fly ash before the chemical treatment.
【０００６】従来、重金属固定薬剤やｐＨ調整剤の必要
添加量を決めるには、飛灰をサンプリングし、机上にて
当該薬剤を加えて処理を施し、更に法律の定める方法
（環境庁告示１３号法）により溶出試験を行い、効果を
評価することにより必要量を決定する方法が一般に採用
されている。Conventionally, in order to determine the required addition amount of a heavy metal fixing agent and a pH adjuster, fly ash is sampled, the agent is added on a desk, and the sample is treated. Method) in which a necessary amount is determined by performing a dissolution test according to the above method and evaluating the effect.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来の方法では、
評価に時間がかかるため、飛灰中の未反応消石灰分の変
動に迅速に対応できないといった問題があった。また、
飛灰の何らかの物性を指標として添加量を決定するもの
ではないため、飛灰の性状が変動するたびに、上述した
試験を繰り返さなければならず、操作が煩雑で効率が悪
かった。In the above conventional method,
Since the evaluation takes time, there is a problem that it is not possible to quickly respond to the fluctuation of the unreacted slaked lime in fly ash. Also,
Since the amount of addition is not determined using any physical property of the fly ash as an index, the above-described test must be repeated every time the properties of the fly ash change, and the operation is complicated and the efficiency is low.
【０００８】本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、飛灰
中の未反応消石灰含有量を簡便な操作で迅速かつ適確に
把握し、適正な薬剤処理を行うことを可能とする飛灰の
性状測定方法及び薬剤処理方法を提供することを目的と
する。The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and makes it possible to quickly and accurately grasp the content of unreacted slaked lime in fly ash by a simple operation and to carry out an appropriate chemical treatment. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring the properties and a method for treating a medicine .
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明の飛灰の性状測定
方法は、飛灰を水に混合して得られた溶液の酸消費量
を、ＪＩＳ Ｋ０１０１に準拠した酸消費量（ｐＨ８．
３）として測定することを特徴とする。本発明の飛灰の
薬剤処理方法は、飛灰に薬剤を添加して処理する方法に
おいて、このような本発明の飛灰の性状測定方法によ
り、飛灰の性状を、該飛灰を水に混合して得られた溶液
の酸消費量として測定し、該測定値と、予め求めておい
た該飛灰の酸消費量（ｐＨ８．３）と該薬剤の必要添加
量との関係とから、該薬剤の必要添加量を算出すること
を特徴とする。 According to the method for measuring the properties of fly ash of the present invention, the acid consumption of a solution obtained by mixing the fly ash with water is determined by measuring the acid consumption (pH 8.0) according to JIS K0101.
It is characterized in that it is measured as 3) . Fly ash of the present invention
The chemical treatment method is to add a chemical to fly ash and treat it.
In the method for measuring the properties of fly ash according to the present invention,
The properties of fly ash, and the solution obtained by mixing the fly ash with water
Is measured as the acid consumption, and the measured value is determined in advance.
Acid consumption of the fly ash (pH 8.3) and necessary addition of the chemical
Calculating the required addition amount of the drug from the relationship with the amount
It is characterized by.
【００１０】以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
【００１１】なお、本発明において、水と飛灰との混合
比は、固液比、即ち飛灰に対する水の重量比（以下「Ｌ
／Ｓ」と称する場合がある。）で示す。In the present invention, the mixing ratio of water and fly ash is a solid-liquid ratio, that is, a weight ratio of water to fly ash (hereinafter referred to as “L”).
/ S ". ).
【００１２】本発明においては、まず、測定対象とする
飛灰を水と混合し、得られた溶液について、酸消費量を
測定する。In the present invention, first, fly ash to be measured is mixed with water, and the acid consumption of the obtained solution is measured.
【００１３】本発明において、水と飛灰との混合比、即
ち、固液比（Ｌ／Ｓ）は、後述の実施例１の結果を示す
図１より明らかなように、未反応消石灰の含有量が高い
ものほど大きく設定する必要がある。即ち、消石灰の溶
解度は０．１４ｇ／１００ｇ−水（２５℃）と非常に低
いため、仮りにほぼ１００％近く消石灰を含む飛灰の場
合であれば、理論上、固液比（Ｌ／Ｓ）は７１４（＝１
÷０．１４×１００）以上とする必要がある。In the present invention, the mixing ratio of water and fly ash, that is, the solid-liquid ratio (L / S), as shown in FIG. The higher the amount, the higher the setting. That is, since the solubility of slaked lime is very low at 0.14 g / 100 g-water (25 ° C.), if fly ash containing slaked lime contains almost 100%, theoretically, the solid-liquid ratio (L / S ) Is 714 (= 1)
(÷ 0.14 × 100) or more.
【００１４】通常の場合、固液比（Ｌ／Ｓ）は１０〜１
０００、特に１００〜１０００、とりわけ５００〜１０
００程度とするのが好ましい。Usually, the solid-liquid ratio (L / S) is 10 to 1
000, especially 100-1000, especially 500-10
It is preferably set to about 00.
【００１５】また、水と飛灰との混合により得られた溶
液の酸消費量は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ０１０１の酸消費量（ｐＨ
８．３）に準じて容易に測定することができる。Further, the acid consumption of the solution obtained by mixing water and fly ash is the acid consumption according to JIS K0101 (pH
It can be easily measured according to 8.3).
【００１６】本発明の飛灰の性状測定方法は、例えば、
下記(i) 〜(iii) の手順に従って実施される。The method for measuring the properties of fly ash according to the present invention includes, for example,
It is performed according to the following procedures (i) to (iii).
【００１７】(i) まず、飛灰を一定量サンプリングす
る。
(ii) この飛灰に対して、例えば、Ｌ／Ｓが１０００と
なるように水（望ましくは純水又は蒸留水）を加え、よ
く撹拌する。
(iii) 混合液を濾紙を用いて濾過するなどの方法により
懸濁物質を取り除き、濾液の酸消費量をＪＩＳ Ｋ０１
０１の酸消費量（ｐＨ８．３）に準じて測定する。この
測定値Ｘｍｇ−ＣａＣＯ3 ／ｌが、飛灰１ｇ中の酸消費
量に相当し、飛灰中の未反応消石灰含有量の指標とな
る。(I) First, a certain amount of fly ash is sampled. (ii) Water (preferably pure water or distilled water) is added to the fly ash so that the L / S becomes 1000, for example, and the mixture is stirred well. (iii) Suspended substances were removed by a method such as filtering the mixture using a filter paper, and the acid consumption of the filtrate was measured according to JIS K01.
It is measured according to the acid consumption of pH 01 (pH 8.3). This measured value Xmg-CaCO 3 / l corresponds to the acid consumption in 1 g of fly ash and serves as an index of the content of unreacted slaked lime in fly ash.
【００１８】上記(i) 〜(iii) の一連の操作は通常３０
分以内で完了する。The above series of operations (i) to (iii) usually takes 30 steps.
Complete within minutes.
【００１９】従って、飛灰の薬剤処理に本発明を適用す
る場合には、予め、飛灰中の酸消費量と重金属固定薬剤
等の薬剤処理における薬剤の必要添加量との関係（例え
ば図２）を求めておくことにより、飛灰中の酸消費量の
測定値から適確かつ速やかに薬剤の必要添加量を求める
ことができる。また、この関係を使えば中和剤（ｐＨ調
整剤）を併用する場合においても、中和剤の添加量と重
金属固定薬剤の必要添加量との関係を容易に算出するこ
とができる。Therefore, when the present invention is applied to the chemical treatment of fly ash, the relationship between the acid consumption in the fly ash and the required addition amount of the chemical in the chemical treatment of heavy metal fixed chemicals or the like (for example, FIG. 2) By determining the value of (1), it is possible to accurately and promptly determine the required amount of the drug to be added from the measured value of the amount of acid consumed during fly ash. Further, using this relationship, even when a neutralizing agent (pH adjusting agent) is used in combination, the relationship between the added amount of the neutralizing agent and the required added amount of the heavy metal fixing agent can be easily calculated.
【００２０】[0020]
【作用】飛灰を水に所定の固液比以上の割合で混合して
得られる溶液の酸消費量は、飛灰中の未反応消石灰含有
量に比例し、飛灰中の未反応消石灰含有量の指標とな
る。[Action] The acid consumption of a solution obtained by mixing fly ash with water at a ratio exceeding a predetermined solid-liquid ratio is proportional to the content of unreacted slaked lime in the fly ash, and the amount of unreacted slaked lime in the fly ash. It is an indicator of quantity.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に
説明する。The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples.
【００２２】実施例１
Ａ工場及びＢ工場から排出されたごみ焼却飛灰１００ｇ
を各々１リットル容のビーカーにいれ、これに純水１リ
ットルを加え、マグネチック・スターラーで激しく撹拌
した。撹拌しながらこの懸濁液をシリンジで所定量引き
抜き、これを１リットル容のビーカーに採った。ビーカ
ーの各々に純水を加えて１リットルとし、５分間スター
ラー撹拌した。その後、各々１μｍの濾紙で濾過した
後、濾液の酸消費量（ｐＨ８．３）（ＪＩＳ Ｋ０１０
１に準ずる。）を測定した。Example 1 100 g of incinerated fly ash discharged from factories A and B
Was placed in a 1-liter beaker, 1 liter of pure water was added thereto, and the mixture was vigorously stirred with a magnetic stirrer. A predetermined amount of the suspension was drawn out with a syringe while stirring, and the suspension was taken in a 1-liter beaker. Pure water was added to each beaker to make 1 liter, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 5 minutes. Thereafter, each was filtered through a 1 μm filter paper, and the acid consumption of the filtrate (pH 8.3) (JIS K010)
Same as 1. ) Was measured.
【００２３】水と飛灰の固液比と酸消費量との関係を図
１に示す。図１より、Ｂ工場飛灰では酸消費量の測定値
は固液比＝１００で安定するが、未反応の消石灰含有量
の多いＡ工場飛灰の場合、固液比（Ｌ／Ｓ）＝５００以
上必要となることがわかる。FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the solid-liquid ratio of water and fly ash and the acid consumption. From FIG. 1, the measured value of the acid consumption is stable at the solid-liquid ratio = 100 in the fly ash B factory, but in the case of the fly ash A factory with a large content of unreacted slaked lime, the solid-liquid ratio (L / S) = It turns out that 500 or more is required.
【００２４】実施例２
ごみ焼却飛灰に消石灰を加え、消石灰含有量の異なる飛
灰を作製した。各々の飛灰にリン酸系の重金属固定薬剤
アシュナイトＲ（登録商標・栗田工業（株）製）を添加
し、充分混練した後溶出試験（環境庁告示１３号試験）
を行ない、鉛の溶出値を測定した。また、別に、各飛灰
の酸消費量を固液比（Ｌ／Ｓ）＝１０００として実施例
１と同様にして測定し、鉛の溶出値が３ｍｇ／ｌ以下、
０．３ｍｇ／ｌ以下となるアシュナイトＲ添加率と酸消
費量との関係を調べた。この結果を図２に示した。Example 2 Slaked lime was added to incinerated fly ash to produce fly ash having different slaked lime contents. To each fly ash, add a phosphoric acid-based heavy metal fixing agent Ashnite R (registered trademark, manufactured by Kurita Kogyo Co., Ltd.), knead the mixture thoroughly, and then dissolution test (Environment Agency Notification No. 13 test)
And the elution value of lead was measured. Separately, the acid consumption of each fly ash was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 with the solid-liquid ratio (L / S) = 1000, and the lead elution value was 3 mg / l or less.
The relationship between the Ashnite R addition rate of 0.3 mg / l or less and the acid consumption was examined. The result is shown in FIG.
【００２５】図２より明らかなように、飛灰中の酸消費
量とアシュナイトＲの添加率とは、相関関係がある。従
って、飛灰の酸消費量を測定することにより、アシュナ
イトＲの必要添加量を推定することができる。As apparent from FIG. 2, there is a correlation between the acid consumption in fly ash and the addition rate of Ashnite R. Therefore, by measuring the acid consumption of the fly ash, it is possible to estimate the required amount of Ashnite R to be added.
【００２６】[0026]
【発明の効果】以上詳述した通り、本発明の飛灰の性状
測定方法及び薬剤処理方法によれば、飛灰を水に混合し
て得られる溶液の酸消費量を測定するという極めて簡便
な操作により、飛灰の性状、即ち、未反応消石灰含有量
を迅速かつ適確に求めることができ、この結果に基い
て、飛灰の薬剤処理における重金属固定薬剤の添加量
を、ｐＨ調整剤併用の如何にかかわらず速やかに決定す
ることができる。従って、本発明によれば、飛灰の性状
の変動に迅速に対応した適正な薬剤処理を容易に行うこ
とができる。As described in detail above, according to the method for measuring the properties of fly ash and the method for treating chemicals of the present invention, it is extremely simple to measure the acid consumption of a solution obtained by mixing fly ash with water. By the operation, the properties of fly ash, that is, the content of unreacted slaked lime can be quickly and accurately determined, and based on the results, the amount of the heavy metal fixing agent added in the chemical treatment of the fly ash can be determined using a pH adjusting agent. Can be determined promptly regardless of Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily perform appropriate chemical treatment that quickly responds to fluctuations in the properties of fly ash.
【図１】実施例１の結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of Example 1.
【図２】実施例２の結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of Example 2.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) G01N 33/00 B09B 3/00 B09B 3/00 ZAB ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) G01N 33/00 B09B 3/00 B09B 3/00 ZAB
Claims (3)
費量を、ＪＩＳ Ｋ０１０１に準拠した酸消費量（ｐＨ
８．３）として測定することを特徴とする飛灰の性状測
定方法。1. The acid consumption of a solution obtained by mixing fly ash with water is determined by measuring the acid consumption (pH) according to JIS K0101.
8.3) A method for measuring the properties of fly ash, characterized in that it is measured as 8.3) .
の重量比を５００〜１０００として前記飛灰中の未反応
消石灰を溶解することを特徴とする飛灰の性状測定方
法。 2. The water according to claim 1, wherein
Unreacted in the fly ash with the weight ratio of 500 to 1000
Method for measuring fly ash properties characterized by dissolving slaked lime
Law.
いて、 請求項１又は２に記載の飛灰の性状測定方法により、該
飛灰の性状を、該飛灰を水に混合して得られた溶液の酸
消費量として測定し、 該測定値と、予め求めておいた該飛灰の酸消費量（ｐＨ
８．３）と該薬剤の必要添加量との関係とから、該薬剤
の必要添加量を算出することを特徴とする飛灰の薬剤処
理方法。 (3)Add a chemical to fly ash
And The fly ash property measuring method according to claim 1 or 2,
The properties of the fly ash are determined by mixing the fly ash with water
Measured as consumption, The measured value and the acid consumption of the fly ash (pH
8.3) and the relationship between the required amount of the drug and the
Chemical treatment of fly ash characterized by calculating the required addition amount of ash
Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23703394A JP3538912B2 (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23703394A JP3538912B2 (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08101186A JPH08101186A (en) | 1996-04-16 |
| JP3538912B2 true JP3538912B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 |
Family
ID=17009407
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP23703394A Expired - Lifetime JP3538912B2 (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1994-09-30 | Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3538912B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5023510B2 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2012-09-12 | 奥多摩工業株式会社 | Fly ash treatment method |
| JP4514228B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2010-07-28 | 株式会社タクマ | Incinerator dust treatment equipment |
| JP6550300B2 (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2019-07-24 | 清水建設株式会社 | Ground improvement method |
| JP7272382B2 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-05-12 | 栗田工業株式会社 | Combustion exhaust gas treatment method and combustion exhaust gas treatment device |
-
1994
- 1994-09-30 JP JP23703394A patent/JP3538912B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08101186A (en) | 1996-04-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5962722B2 (en) | Chelating agent addition amount determination device and chelating agent addition amount determination method | |
| JPH09502527A (en) | Method and apparatus for controlling the supply of water treatment chemicals using a voltammetric sensor | |
| JP3538912B2 (en) | Fly ash property measurement method and chemical treatment method | |
| Knocke et al. | Impact of dissolved organic carbon on the removal of iron during water treatment | |
| JP2956499B2 (en) | Fly ash treatment method | |
| Lewin | Leaching tests for waste compliance and characterisation: recent practical experiences | |
| JP3237465B2 (en) | Method for determining required amount of liquid chelating agent for fly ash treatment | |
| JP2000070902A (en) | Determining method of necessary addition amount of chelate heavy portal fixing agent, judging method of fixing effect of heavy metal in treated ash and its device | |
| JP3969157B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for determining required amount of chelating heavy metal immobilizing agent | |
| JP3968986B2 (en) | Method for determining required amount of chelating heavy metal immobilizing agent and method and apparatus for determining effect of immobilizing heavy metal on treated ash | |
| Drikas et al. | Spectrophotometric method for the determination of total cyanide in wastewater samples | |
| JPS63278589A (en) | Method for making fly ash harmless | |
| JP3509667B2 (en) | Method for determining the amount of chemicals for incineration fly ash treatment | |
| JP3907949B2 (en) | Determination method of optimum addition rate of heavy metal elution inhibitor to incineration fly ash and treatment method of incineration fly ash | |
| Cukrowski | Modeling of a CdII–N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine system and optimization of stability constants by the use of complex formation curves. A polarographic study at a fixed L: M ratio and varied pH | |
| JP3843551B2 (en) | Determination method of required amount of liquid chelating agent for fly ash treatment | |
| JPH1099887A (en) | Apparatus for controlling addition amount of flocculant | |
| JPH11147082A (en) | Method for treating metal-containing solid waste | |
| JP2005305357A (en) | Method for determining required amount of heavy metal treating agent | |
| JP3702125B2 (en) | Equipment for measuring residual chlorine in sewage treated water | |
| AU730153B2 (en) | A method and apparatus for controlling the feed of water treatment chemicals using a voltammetric sensor | |
| Edson et al. | Soil assay, colorimetric field test for organic matter in mineral soils | |
| JP3850046B2 (en) | Treatment method for waste containing heavy metals | |
| JP6686577B2 (en) | Method for determining the required amount of heavy metal treatment agent | |
| EP0166944A1 (en) | Method of releasing protein-bound calcium |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20040302 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20040315 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080402 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090402 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100402 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100402 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110402 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120402 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130402 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140402 Year of fee payment: 10 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |