JP3530940B2 - Weather object velocity measuring device and method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention measures the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects such as rain, snow and clouds from a flying object such as an aircraft or an artificial satellite using a pulse pair Doppler radar or a pulse pair Doppler lidar. More particularly, the present invention relates to a meteorological velocity measuring device and a method thereof, which can accurately measure the ascent / descent velocity of a meteorological object without being affected by a deviation in a flight direction or a beam irradiation angle. Regarding the method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FM-CW radar and Doppler lidar (laser light radar) are used to measure the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects (weather fallout) such as rain, snow and clouds from aircraft and artificial satellites. ) And other frequency space Doppler radars are being considered, and recently, the use of pulse-pair Doppler radars with higher resolution is also being considered.

When measuring the ascending / descending velocity of a meteorological object from an aircraft or an artificial satellite, it is inevitable that the flight direction is slightly deviated from the horizontal direction, and the beam irradiation angle is slightly deviated from the direction orthogonal to the flight direction. I can't.

In a frequency space Doppler radar (Doppler lidar), theoretically, even if there is a deviation between these two angles, a simple correction by the beam irradiation angle is applied to the echo from the ground surface (sea surface or land). Since it has the characteristic that the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects can be accurately measured without being affected by it, when measuring the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects from aircraft and satellites, frequency space Doppler radar ( Doppler rider) is easy and reliable to apply.

[0005]

However, if the frequency space Doppler radar (Doppler lidar) is used, the reflected wave from the meteorological object is weak, and it is impossible to improve the measurement accuracy of the ascent / descent rate of the meteorological object. There is a problem.

Therefore, recently, a pulse pair Doppler radar (Doppler lidar) that transmits electromagnetic waves of pulse pairs that are temporally close to each other and performs Doppler processing is used to measure the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects from aircrafts and artificial satellites. There is an attempt to do so. This method was originally applied to fixed radars on the ground.

However, the pulse pair Doppler radar (Doppler lidar), contrary to its name, does not directly measure the Doppler effect but rather measures the phase difference through the correlation between two pulses that are temporally close to each other. is there.

Since the method for correcting the deviation in the flight direction and the deviation in the beam irradiation angle used in the frequency space Doppler radar (Doppler lidar) cannot be used, these angular deviations do not occur. There is a problem that the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects cannot be accurately measured because there is no choice but to carry out the measurement in the form of assuming.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and uses a pulse-pair Doppler radar or a pulse-pair Doppler lidar from an air vehicle such as an aircraft or an artificial satellite to measure meteorological objects such as rain, snow and clouds. When measuring the ascending / descending velocity, the meteorological objects can be climbed / raised without being affected by the deviation of the flight direction or the deviation of the beam irradiation angle.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new meteorological velocity measurement technology that enables accurate measurement of descent rate.

[0010]

In order to achieve this object, the meteorological object velocity measuring device of the present invention sends electromagnetic waves of a pulse pair which are temporally close to each other from a flying body, and responds to the sending of the meteorological object. There is a structure in which the velocity of a meteorological object is measured by detecting the phase change of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the device. The means for quadrature detecting the reflected electromagnetic wave and the first pulse of the quadrature detected Reflected electromagnetic waves,
By calculating the conjugate product of the quadrature-detected second pulse with the reflected electromagnetic wave, the phase change caused by the meteorological object is calculated, and the phase change caused by the ground surface is calculated, and the phase change caused by the calculated ground surface is calculated. Based on the phase change, calculate the deviation of the beam irradiation angle of the transmitted pulse pair electromagnetic wave,
A means for measuring the velocity of the meteorological object based on the calculated shift angle and the calculated phase change due to the meteorological object is provided.

(A) First processing step In the meteorological velocity measuring device of the present invention having the above-described structure, first, when the electromagnetic wave reflected in response to the transmission of the first pulse is received, Quadrature detection.

The reflected electromagnetic wave of the first pulse is shown in FIG.
, Electromagnetic waves reflected from meteorological objects V _1cAnd reflections from the ground
Electromagnetic wave V_1eAnd the reflected electromagnetic wave V_1cStraight
By detecting waves, V_1c= I_1c+ IQ_1c And the reflected electromagnetic wave V_1eQuadrature detection
By doing V_1e= I_1e+ IQ_1e Is detected.

(B) Second processing step In the meteorological velocity measuring device of the present invention, subsequently, when the electromagnetic wave reflected in response to the transmission of the second pulse is received,
It is quadrature detected.

The reflected electromagnetic wave of the second pulse is shown in FIG.
, Electromagnetic waves reflected from meteorological objects V _2cAnd reflections from the ground
Electromagnetic wave V_2eAnd the reflected electromagnetic wave V_2cStraight
By detecting waves, V_2c= I_2c+ IQ_2c And the reflected electromagnetic wave V_1eQuadrature detection
By doing V_2e= I_2e+ IQ_2e Is detected.

(C) Third processing step (the fourth processing step may be first) In the meteorological object velocity measuring device of the present invention, the weather contained in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the first pulse which is quadrature detected subsequently. a reflection wave V _1c (reflected wave V _1c when the elapsed time from the pulse transmission start time) from the object, starting reflected wave V _2c (pulsing from meteorological contained in the reflected wave of the second pulse and quadrature detection By calculating the conjugate product V _1c × V _2c ^* with the reflected electromagnetic wave V _2c ) when the time has elapsed from the time point, the phase change Δψ _c (= 2 kv _dop [c] due to the meteorological object.
Calculate T _s ).

Where k is the pulse wave number, T_sIs a pulse
The time interval of the pair. Also, v_{do p}[c] is for meteorological objects
Is the Doppler velocity due to
"V _pl× sin θ_B", And the section on the speed of meteorological objects
"V_cBy v_dop[c] = -v_pl× sin θ_B+ V_c v_pl: Aircraft speed θ_B: Beam irradiation angle from the direction orthogonal to the flight direction
Gap Can be expressed as

The first term of v _dop [c] is the projection of the velocity v _{pl of the} flying object in the beam irradiation direction (pulse irradiation direction) as shown in FIG.

However, this Doppler velocity v _dop [c] is
To be precise, it can be expressed as v _dop [c] = − v _pl × sin θ _B × cos ψ ₀ + v _c ψ ₀ : azimuth angle (azimuth angle) of beam irradiation error. Here, there is no problem in terms of measurement accuracy even if handled as “cos ψ ₀ = 1”. The positive direction of v _dop [c] is set in the beam _emission direction.

(D) Fourth processing step (third processing step may be later) In the meteorological velocity measuring device of the present invention, subsequently, the ground surface contained in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the first pulse subjected to orthogonal detection. Product of the reflected electromagnetic wave V _1e from V and the reflected electromagnetic wave V _2e from the ground surface included in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the second pulse that has been orthogonally detected V _1e × V _2e
By calculating ^* , the phase change Δψ _e (
= 2 kv _dop [e] T _s ) is calculated.

Where k is the pulse wave number, T_sIs a pulse
The time interval of the pair. Also, v_{do p}[e] is due to the ground surface
Doppler velocity, which is the velocity of ground movement around the pulse center
Term "v_d× sin (θ_A+ Θ_B) ”
Between two pulses caused by rising (falling) of
“V_pl× (sin θ_A/ Cos (θ _A
+ Θ_B) ”And v_dop[e] =-v_d× sin (θ_A+ Θ_B) + V_pl× (si
n θ_A/ Cos (θ_A+ Θ_B)) v_pl: Aircraft speed θ_A: Deviation from the horizontal direction of flight θ_B: Beam irradiation angle from the direction orthogonal to the flight direction
Gap Can be expressed as

This “v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A + θ
_As shown in FIG. 3, “ _B ))” indicates a path difference (L2 in the figure) caused by the ascent (descent) of the air vehicle.

Further, v _d is “v _pl × cos θ _A ”,
Which is the sum of “v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B )”, v _d = v _pl × cos θ _A + v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A +
θ _B ), and as shown in FIG. 4, it represents the ground movement speed of the pulse center.

Here, the first term of v _dop [e] (-v _d × si
As shown in FIG. 5, n (θ _A + θ _B )) is a projection of v _d in the pulse irradiation direction. It is a term that appears by behaving as an independent particle like a thing.

Thus, the Doppler velocity v _dop [e] due to the surface of the earth finally becomes v _dop [e] = -v _pl x cos θ _A x sin (θ _A + θ _B )-
v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin (θ _A + θ
_B ) + _vpl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A + θ _B )).

However, as can be seen from the theoretical consideration described later, this Doppler velocity v _dop [e] is, to be exact, v _dop [e] = -v _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ). ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B ) ψ ₀ : It can be expressed as an azimuth angle of beam irradiation error. Here, there is no problem in terms of measurement accuracy even if handled as “cos ψ ₀ = 1”.

(E) Fifth processing step In the meteorological velocity measuring apparatus of the present invention, subsequently, the phase change Δψ _e (= 2k) due to the ground surface calculated in the fourth processing step.
v _dop [e] T _s ) and the known wavenumber k of the pulse
And the time interval T _{s of the} pulse pair known in advance, and v _pl , θ measured by the instrument mounted on the air vehicle.
_{From A} , θ _B , which is the deviation angle of the beam irradiation angle from the direction orthogonal to the flight direction, is calculated.

Then, the phase change Δψ _c (= 2 kv _dop [c] T _s ) due to the meteorological object calculated in the third processing step
And the calculated beam irradiation angle deviation angle θ _B , a known pulse wave number k, a known pulse pair time interval T _s, and measurement by a measuring instrument mounted on the air vehicle. Then, the velocity v _{c of the} meteorological object is obtained from v _pl that is _calculated . In FIG. 1, v _dop [e] is described by α, and
_dop [c] is described as β.

As described above, according to the meteorological velocity measuring device of the present invention, the rise of meteorological objects such as rain, snow, clouds, etc. from an aircraft or an artificial satellite using a pulse pair Doppler radar or a pulse pair Doppler lidar. When measuring the descent speed, it becomes possible to measure the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects without being affected by the deviation of the flight direction and the deviation of the pulse irradiation angle. Can be measured with high accuracy.

[0029]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to embodiments.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the meteorological velocity measuring apparatus 1 according to the present invention.

Meteorological object velocity measuring device 1 having the present invention
Is to be mounted on an aircraft or an artificial satellite, and performs a process of measuring rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects such as rain, snow and clouds using a pulse pair Doppler radar, and as shown in FIG. A pulse pair transmitter 10, a receiver 11 and
Quadrature detector 12, A / D converter 13, and memory 14
And a conjugate product calculator 15 and a meteorological velocity calculator 16.

The pulse pair transmitter 10 sends out electromagnetic waves of pulse pairs that are temporally close to each other.

The receiver 11 receives the electromagnetic wave reflected from the meteorological object or the ground surface in response to the pulse sent from the pulse pair transmitter 10. While the electromagnetic waves are not reflected from the meteorological objects or the surface of the earth, electromagnetic waves of noise level are received.

The quadrature detector 12 receives the signal from the receiver 11.
By performing quadrature detection of electromagnetic waves, the reflected power of the first pulse
Magnetic wave V₁(Responds to sending the first pulse of the pulse pair
Then, the electromagnetic waves reflected by the₁= I
₁+ IQ₁Is calculated and received by the receiver 11.
Second pulse reflected electromagnetic wave V₂(The second shot of the pulse pair
Electromagnetic waves reflected in response to the pulse transmission of
Detect the wave "V₂= I ₂+ IQ₂”Is calculated.

The A / D converter 13 converts the electromagnetic wave orthogonally detected by the orthogonal detector 12 into a digital signal.

The memory 14 stores the time series data of the electromagnetic wave converted into the digital signal by the A / D converter 13 to store the time series data of the quadrature detection of the reflected electromagnetic wave V ₁ of the first pulse. At the same time, the time series data of the quadrature detection of the reflected electromagnetic wave V ₂ of the second pulse is stored.

The conjugate product calculator 15 calculates the conjugate product V _1c × V of the reflected electromagnetic wave V ₁ of the first pulse stored in the memory 14 and the reflected electromagnetic wave V ₂ of the second pulse stored in the memory 14.
By calculating _2c ^* , the phase change Δψ caused by meteorological objects can be calculated.
_c (= 2 kv _dop [c] T _s ) and the phase change Δψ _e (= 2 kv _dop [e] T _s ) due to the ground surface are calculated.

The meteorological velocity calculator 16 is the conjugate product calculator 1.
From 5, the phase change Δψ caused by meteorological objects_c(= 2kv
_dop[c] T_s) And the phase change due to the ground surface Δψ_e(=
2kv _dop[e] T_s) And receive and based on them
Then, the rising and falling speeds of the meteorological objects are calculated.

First, the theoretical basis of the present invention will be described.

For electromagnetic waves reflected from a surface having randomness (such as the surface of the earth), θ ₀ (= θ _A +) shown in FIG.
θ _B ) is “| θ ₀ | << 1”,

[0041]

[Equation 1]

It is known to be expressed as

Here, r ₀ is the distance to the random surface, the scattering vector κ (hereinafter referred to as <κ>) is the vector of the difference between the wave number vectors before and after the scattering, and G is the antenna gain.

Then, I (t; <κ>) is

[0045]

[Equation 2]

And F (<κ>) is

[0047]

[Equation 3]

Is shown.

[0049] Incidentally, R _{# 038} shown in Formula 3 Formula represents a complex reflectance amplitude, expression (2) sigma _r ² shown in formula represents a quantity related to the spread of the beam, expression (2) wherein P (<
x>; t) is

[0050]

[Equation 4]

It has a function structure of

Here, in the equation (2), the function to be integrated has a form including an exponential term related to the spread of the beam. (Eikichi Yamashita, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 1995) "
It is well known in the theory of measurement of reflection intensity only without pulse pair manipulation, as described in Chapter 5 of.

The reason why the exponential term is included is to take into consideration the deterioration of the correlation signal due to Doppler fading which is inevitably accompanied by the operation of the pulse pair from the moving body.

[0054] In the present invention, as described above, the reflection waves V ₁ of the first pulse in quadrature detection, adopts a configuration that calculates the conjugate product of the reflection wave V ₂ of the second pulses quadrature detection.

According to the verification by the present inventor, this conjugate product is obtained by performing a long calculation by using the formula [1] as a starting point.

[0056]

[Equation 5]

Is calculated.

That is, the phase change due to the Doppler effect is

[0059]

[Equation 6]

Will be obtained.

The first term of the equation (6) is

[0062]

[Equation 7]

Can be approximated by Where θ _A, θ _B, θ ₀ (= θ
_A + θ _B ), v _pl is the same as that described in the [Means for Solving the Problems] section. Further, ψ ₀ is the azimuth angle of the beam irradiation error, and there is no problem in measurement accuracy even if handled as “cos ψ ₀ = 1”.

As can be seen from the formula [7] and as described in the [Means for Solving the Problems] section, the Doppler velocity v _dop [e] due to the ground surface having randomness is v _dop [e] = -v _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ) ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B )).

On the other hand, Doppler velocity v due to meteorological objects
_As usual, _dop [c] can be expressed as v _dop [c] = − v _pl × sin θ _B × cos ψ ₀ + v _c .

In this way, the present inventor has obtained the knowledge about the theoretical basis of the present invention described in the [Means for solving the problem] section.

In this theoretical consideration, the condition “| θ ₀ | << 1”
Is assumed, but this is for the derivation of the quantitative correlation strength, and is not necessary for the derivation of the quantitative Doppler velocity. This can be easily shown by ignoring the additional quadratic exponential term in the equation (2). Therefore,
The above v _dop [e] holds for arbitrary θ _A, θ _B, ψ ₀ .

Meteorological object velocity measuring device 1 having the present invention
Is a process for measuring the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects such as rain, snow and clouds according to this theoretical basis.
In order to realize this processing, when the conjugate product calculator 15 stores the quadrature-detected reflected electromagnetic waves in the memory 14 according to the detection processing of the quadrature detector 12, as shown in FIG. Assuming that the reflected electromagnetic waves having the same elapsed time from the above are calculated, the conjugate product of the orthogonally detected reflected electromagnetic wave V ₁ of the first pulse and the orthogonally detected reflected electromagnetic wave V ₂ of the second pulse with a certain time width. To calculate.

The reflected electromagnetic waves stored in the memory 14 include
The reflected electromagnetic waves V _1c and V _2c from the meteorological objects and the reflected electromagnetic waves V _1e and V _2e from the ground surface are included (in addition, those having noise levels other than the reflected electromagnetic waves are also included).

According to the process of calculating the conjugate product, the reflected electromagnetic wave V _1e from the ground included in the reflected electromagnetic wave V ₁ of the quadrature detected first pulse and the quadrature detected second electromagnetic wave V _1e .
By calculating a conjugate product V _1e × V _2e ^* of the reflected electromagnetic wave V _2e from the ground surface included in the reflected electromagnetic wave V _{2 of the} pulse, a phase change Δψ _e (= 2 kv _dop [e] T _s due to the ground surface. )
Will be calculated.

Then, according to the calculation processing of the conjugate product,
Quadrature-detected reflected electromagnetic wave V of the first pulse₁include
Electromagnetic waves reflected from meteorological objects V_1cAnd the quadrature detected second power
Lus' reflected electromagnetic wave V₂Electromagnetic waves reflected from meteorological objects contained in
Wave V_2cConjugate product V with_1c× V_2c ^*Is calculated,
Phase change due to elephant Δψ_c(= 2kv_dop[c]
T _s) Will be calculated.

The Doppler velocity v _dop [e] resulting from the ground surface obtained at this time is _{calculated as} follows: v _dop [e] = − v _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ) ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B ))

Then, the Doppler velocity v _dop [c] resulting from the meteorological object obtained at this time can be expressed as follows: v _dop [c] = -v _pl x sin θ _B x cos ψ ₀ + v _c .

Here, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the ground surface is
Extremely strong compared to the intensity of electromagnetic waves reflected from meteorological objects.
From this, it is easy to extract the reflected electromagnetic waves caused by the ground surface from the electromagnetic waves stored in the memory 14, and therefore the conjugate product calculator 15 calculates the conjugate product for the reflected electromagnetic waves thus extracted. Thus, the phase change Δψ _e (= 2 kv _dop [e] T _s ) due to the ground surface is calculated.

On the other hand, the reflected electromagnetic waves from the meteorological objects are above a certain level unlike the electromagnetic waves of the noise level, and accordingly, the reflected electromagnetic waves caused by the meteorological objects are extracted from the electromagnetic waves stored in the memory 14. Since it is also possible to calculate the conjugate product for the reflected electromagnetic wave thus extracted, it is possible to calculate all the electromagnetic waves stored in the memory 14 without doing so. For determining whether or not the conjugate product is calculated from the reflected electromagnetic waves caused by the meteorological object by calculating the conjugate product for the meteorological object, the meteorological object velocity calculator 1 located in the subsequent stage is determined.
The judgment may be entrusted to 6 (which is known because a stable speed is not shown in the case of electromagnetic waves of noise level).

In this way, according to the processing of the conjugate product calculator 15, the phase change Δψ _e (= 2 kv) due to the ground surface.
_dop [e] T _s ) and the phase change Δψ _c (
= 2kv _dop [c] T _s ) is calculated, the meteorological velocity calculator 16 determines that these phase changes, the wave number k of the pulse known in advance, and the time interval of the pulse pair known in advance. Using T _s and v _pl , θ _A measured by a measuring instrument mounted on the air vehicle, the rising / falling speed of the meteorological object is calculated according to the processing procedure shown in FIG. 8, for example.

That is, as shown in the processing procedure of FIG. 8, for example, the meteorological velocity calculator 16 firstly, in step 1, the phase change Δψ _e (caused by the ground product calculated by the conjugate product calculator 15). = 2 kv _dop [e] T _s ), the known pulse wave number k, and the known pulse pair time interval T _s , according to the surface Doppler velocity v _dop [e] (FIG. 6). (Described in α)) is extracted.

The extracted Doppler velocity v _dop [e]
Is v _dop [e] = − v _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ) ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B )), then in step 2, according to the extracted Doppler velocity v _dop [e] and v _pl , θ _A measured by the instrument mounted on the air vehicle, the flight direction is calculated. Θ _B , which is the deviation angle of the beam irradiation angle from the direction orthogonal to, is calculated.

Then, in step 3, the conjugate product calculator 15
Phase change Δψ _c (=
2 kv _dop [c] T _s ), a known pulse wave number k, and a known pulse pair time interval T _s , according to the meteorological Doppler velocity v _dop [c]
(Indicated by β in FIG. 6) is extracted.

The extracted Doppler velocity v _dop [c]
_Can be expressed as v _dop [c] = − v _pl × sin θ _B × cos ψ ₀ + v _c , then, in step 4, the extracted Doppler velocity v _dop [c] and the implementation on the air vehicle are performed. The ascending / descending velocity v _c of the meteorological object is calculated according to v _pl measured by the measuring instrument and the calculated deviation angle θ _B.

As described above, according to the meteorological object velocity measuring device 1 having the present invention, it is possible to measure the ascending / descending velocity of a meteorological object without being affected by the deviation of the flight direction and the deviation of the pulse irradiation angle. Like

[0082]

As described above, according to the present invention,
When measuring the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects such as rain, snow and clouds using the Pulse Pair Doppler Radar and the Pulse Pair Doppler Rider from aircraft and satellites, the deviation of the flight direction and the deviation of the pulse irradiation angle By being able to measure the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects without being affected by, it becomes possible to measure the rising and falling speeds of meteorological objects with high accuracy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a calculation process executed by a conjugate product calculator.

FIG. 8 is an example of a calculation process executed by a meteorological velocity calculator.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Meteorological velocity measuring device 10 pulse pair transmitter 11 receiver 12 Quadrature detector 13 A / D converter 14 memory 15 Conjugate product calculator 16 Meteorological velocity calculator

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. The velocity of a meteorological object is measured by transmitting an electromagnetic wave of a pulse pair that is close in time from an air vehicle and detecting a phase change of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the meteorological object in response to the transmission. A meteorological velocity measuring device, comprising: means for quadrature detecting reflected electromagnetic waves; calculating a conjugate product of the quadrature detected reflected electromagnetic waves of the first pulse and the quadrature detected reflected electromagnetic waves of the second pulse. ,
A means for calculating the phase change caused by the meteorological object, and a means for calculating the phase change caused by the ground surface, and the deviation of the beam irradiation angle of the transmitted pulse pair electromagnetic wave based on the phase change caused by the ground surface, and A meteorological velocity measuring device, comprising: means for measuring the velocity of the meteorological object from the calculated shift angle and the phase change caused by the meteorological object. 2. The meteorological velocity measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the means for calculating the phase change is Δψ _e = 2 kv _dop [e] T _s v _dop [e as the phase change Δψ _e due to the ground surface. ] = -V _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ) ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B )) k: Wave number of pulse T _s : Time interval of pulse pair v _pl : Velocity of flying object θ _A : Deviation from horizontal direction of flight direction θ _B : Deviation of beam irradiation angle from direction orthogonal to flight direction ψ ₀ : A meteorological velocity measuring device characterized by calculating the azimuth angle (azimuth angle) of the beam irradiation error. 3. The velocity of a meteorological object is measured by transmitting an electromagnetic wave of a pulse pair that is close in time from an air vehicle and detecting a phase change of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the meteorological object in response to the transmission. A meteorological velocity measuring method, wherein a process of quadrature detection of a reflected electromagnetic wave reflected in response to the sending of a first pulse and a quadrature detection of a reflected electromagnetic wave reflected in response to the sending of a second pulse. By calculating the conjugate product of the process and the reflected electromagnetic wave from the meteorological object included in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the quadrature detected first pulse and the reflected electromagnetic wave from the meteorological object included in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the quadrature detected second pulse , The process of calculating the phase change due to meteorological objects, the reflected electromagnetic wave from the ground surface included in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the quadrature detected first pulse, and the surface included in the reflected electromagnetic wave of the second pulse detected in quadrature By calculating the conjugate product with the reflected electromagnetic wave, the process of calculating the phase change due to the surface of the earth, and based on the phase change due to the surface of the earth, calculate the deviation of the beam irradiation angle of the transmitted pulse pair electromagnetic wave, A meteorological object velocity measuring method comprising: a step of measuring a velocity of the meteorological object from the calculated shift angle and the phase change caused by the meteorological object. 4. The meteorological velocity measuring method according to claim 3, wherein, in the process of calculating the phase change caused by the surface of the earth, Δψ _e = 2 kv _dop [e] T _s as the phase change Δψ _e caused by the surface of the earth. v _dop [e] = -v _pl × cos θ _A × sin (θ _A + θ _B ) ×
cos ψ ₀ −v _pl × sin θ _A × tan (θ _A + θ _B ) × sin
(Θ _A + θ _B ) + v _pl × (sin θ _A / cos (θ _A +
θ _B )) k: Wave number of pulse T _s : Time interval of pulse pair v _pl : Velocity of flying object θ _A : Deviation from horizontal direction of flight direction θ _B : Deviation of beam irradiation angle from direction orthogonal to flight direction ψ ₀ : A meteorological velocity measuring method characterized by calculating the azimuth angle (azimuth angle) of the beam irradiation error.